Italic Letters Calligraphy and Handwriting Pdf
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Towards Chinese Calligraphy Zhuzhong Qian
Macalester International Volume 18 Chinese Worlds: Multiple Temporalities Article 12 and Transformations Spring 2007 Towards Chinese Calligraphy Zhuzhong Qian Desheng Fang Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/macintl Recommended Citation Qian, Zhuzhong and Fang, Desheng (2007) "Towards Chinese Calligraphy," Macalester International: Vol. 18, Article 12. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/macintl/vol18/iss1/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Institute for Global Citizenship at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Macalester International by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Towards Chinese Calligraphy Qian Zhuzhong and Fang Desheng I. History of Chinese Calligraphy: A Brief Overview Chinese calligraphy, like script itself, began with hieroglyphs and, over time, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the national cultural heritage. Chinese scripts are generally divided into five categories: Seal script, Clerical (or Official) script, Regular script, Running script, and Cursive script. What follows is a brief introduction of the evolution of Chinese calligraphy. A. From Prehistory to Xia Dynasty (ca. 16 century B.C.) The art of calligraphy began with the creation of Chinese characters. Without modern technology in ancient times, “Sound couldn’t travel to another place and couldn’t remain, so writings came into being to act as the track of meaning and sound.”1 However, instead of characters, the first calligraphy works were picture-like symbols. These symbols first appeared on ceramic vessels and only showed ambiguous con- cepts without clear meanings. -
Old Cyrillic in Unicode*
Old Cyrillic in Unicode* Ivan A Derzhanski Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] The current version of the Unicode Standard acknowledges the existence of a pre- modern version of the Cyrillic script, but its support thereof is limited to assigning code points to several obsolete letters. Meanwhile mediæval Cyrillic manuscripts and some early printed books feature a plethora of letter shapes, ligatures, diacritic and punctuation marks that want proper representation. (In addition, contemporary editions of mediæval texts employ a variety of annotation signs.) As generally with scripts that predate printing, an obvious problem is the abundance of functional, chronological, regional and decorative variant shapes, the precise details of whose distribution are often unknown. The present contents of the block will need to be interpreted with Old Cyrillic in mind, and decisions to be made as to which remaining characters should be implemented via Unicode’s mechanism of variation selection, as ligatures in the typeface, or as code points in the Private space or the standard Cyrillic block. I discuss the initial stage of this work. The Unicode Standard (Unicode 4.0.1) makes a controversial statement: The historical form of the Cyrillic alphabet is treated as a font style variation of modern Cyrillic because the historical forms are relatively close to the modern appearance, and because some of them are still in modern use in languages other than Russian (for example, U+0406 “I” CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I is used in modern Ukrainian and Byelorussian). Some of the letters in this range were used in modern typefaces in Russian and Bulgarian. -
Carolingian Uncial: a Context for the Lothar Psalter
CAROLINGIAN UNCIAL: A CONTEXT FOR THE LOTHAR PSALTER ROSAMOND McKITTERICK IN his famous identification and dating ofthe Morgan Golden Gospels published in the Festschrift for Belle da Costa Greene, E. A. Lowe was quite explicit in his categorizing of Carolingian uncial as the 'invention of a display artist'.^ He went on to define it as an artificial script beginning to be found in manuscripts of the ninth century and even of the late eighth century. These uncials were reserved for special display purposes, for headings, titles, colophons, opening lines and, exceptionally, as in the case ofthe Morgan Gospels Lowe was discussing, for an entire codex. Lowe acknowledged that uncial had been used in these ways before the end of the eighth century, but then it was * natural' not 'artificial' uncial. One of the problems I wish to address is the degree to which Frankish uncial in the late eighth and the ninth centuries is indeed 'artificial' rather than 'natural'. Can it be regarded as a deliberate recreation of a script type, or is it a refinement and elevation in status of an existing book script? Secondly, to what degree is a particular script type used for a particular text type in the early Middle Ages? The third problem, related at least to the first, if not to the second, is whether Frankish uncial, be it natural or artificial, is sufficiently distinctive when used by a particular scriptorium to enable us to locate a manuscript or fragment to one atelier rather than another. This problem needs, of course, to be set within the context of later Carolingian book production, the notions of 'house' style as opposed to 'regional' style and the criteria for locating manuscript production to particular scriptoria in the Frankish kingdoms under the Carolingians that I have discussed elsewhere." It is also of particular importance when considering the Hofschule atehers ofthe mid-ninth century associated with the Emperor Lothar and with King Charles the Bald. -
National Diploma in Calligraphy Helpful Hints for FOUNDATION Diploma Module A
National Diploma in Calligraphy Helpful hints for FOUNDATION Diploma Module A THE LETTERFORM ANALYSIS “In A4 format make an analysis of the letter-forms of an historical manuscript which reflects your chosen basic hand. Your analysis should include x-height, letter formation and construction, heights of ascenders and descenders, etc. This can be in the form of notes added to enlarged photocopies of a relevant historical manuscript, together with your own lettering studies” At this first level, you will be working with one basic hand only and its associated capitals. This will be either Foundational (Roundhand) in which case study the Ramsey Psalter, or Formal Italic, where you can study a hand by Arrighi or Francisco Lucas, or other fine Italian scribe. Find enlarged detailed illustrations from ‘Historical Scripts by Stan Knight, or A Book of Scripts, by A Fairbank, or search the internet. Stan Knight’s book is the ‘bible’ because the enlargements are clear and at least 5mm or larger body height – this is the ideal. Show by pencil lines & measurements on the enlargement how you have worked out the pen angle, nib-widths, ascender & descender heights and shape of O, arch formations etc, use a separate sheet to write down this information, perhaps as numbered or bullet points, such as: 1. Pen angle 2. 'x'height 3. 'o'form 4, 5,6 Number of strokes to each letter, their order, direction: - make a general observation, and then refer the reader to the alphabet (s) you will have written (see below), on which you will have added the stroke order and directions to each letter by numbered pencil arrows. -
Part 1: Introduction to The
PREVIEW OF THE IPA HANDBOOK Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet PARTI Introduction to the IPA 1. What is the International Phonetic Alphabet? The aim of the International Phonetic Association is to promote the scientific study of phonetics and the various practical applications of that science. For both these it is necessary to have a consistent way of representing the sounds of language in written form. From its foundation in 1886 the Association has been concerned to develop a system of notation which would be convenient to use, but comprehensive enough to cope with the wide variety of sounds found in the languages of the world; and to encourage the use of thjs notation as widely as possible among those concerned with language. The system is generally known as the International Phonetic Alphabet. Both the Association and its Alphabet are widely referred to by the abbreviation IPA, but here 'IPA' will be used only for the Alphabet. The IPA is based on the Roman alphabet, which has the advantage of being widely familiar, but also includes letters and additional symbols from a variety of other sources. These additions are necessary because the variety of sounds in languages is much greater than the number of letters in the Roman alphabet. The use of sequences of phonetic symbols to represent speech is known as transcription. The IPA can be used for many different purposes. For instance, it can be used as a way to show pronunciation in a dictionary, to record a language in linguistic fieldwork, to form the basis of a writing system for a language, or to annotate acoustic and other displays in the analysis of speech. -
Classifying Type Thunder Graphics Training • Type Workshop Typeface Groups
Classifying Type Thunder Graphics Training • Type Workshop Typeface Groups Cla sifying Type Typeface Groups The typefaces you choose can make or break a layout or design because they set the tone of the message.Choosing The the more right you font know for the about job is type, an important the better design your decision.type choices There will are be. so many different fonts available for the computer that it would be almost impossible to learn the names of every one. However, manys typefaces share similar qualities. Typographers classify fonts into groups to help Typographers classify type into groups to help remember the different kinds. Often, a font from within oneremember group can the be different substituted kinds. for Often, one nota font available from within to achieve one group the samecan be effect. substituted Different for anothertypographers usewhen different not available groupings. to achieve The classifi the samecation effect. system Different used by typographers Thunder Graphics use different includes groups. seven The major groups.classification system used byStevenson includes seven major groups. Use the Right arrow key to move to the next page. • Use the Left arrow key to move back a page. Use the key combination, Command (⌘) + Q to quit the presentation. Thunder Graphics Training • Type Workshop Typeface Groups ����������������������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ -
JAF Herb Specimen © Just Another Foundry, 2010 Page 1 of 9
JAF Herb specimen © Just Another Foundry, 2010 Page 1 of 9 Designer: Tim Ahrens Format: Cross platform OpenType Styles & weights: Regular, Bold, Condensed & Bold Condensed Purchase options : OpenType complete family €79 Single font €29 JAF Herb Webfont subscription €19 per year Tradition ist die Weitergabe des Feuers und nicht die Anbetung der Asche. Gustav Mahler www.justanotherfoundry.com JAF Herb specimen © Just Another Foundry, 2010 Page 2 of 9 Making of Herb Herb is based on 16th century cursive broken Introducing qualities of blackletter into scripts and printing types. Originally designed roman typefaces has become popular in by Tim Ahrens in the MA Typeface Design recent years. The sources of inspiration range course at the University of Reading, it was from rotunda to textura and fraktur. In order further refined and extended in 2010. to achieve a unique style, other kinds of The idea for Herb was to develop a typeface blackletter were used as a source for Herb. that has the positive properties of blackletter One class of broken script that has never but does not evoke the same negative been implemented as printing fonts is the connotations – a type that has the complex, gothic cursive. Since fraktur type hardly ever humane character of fraktur without looking has an ‘italic’ companion like roman types few conservative, aggressive or intolerant. people even know that cursive blackletter As Rudolf Koch illustrated, roman type exists. The only type of cursive broken script appears as timeless, noble and sophisticated. that has gained a certain awareness level is Fraktur, on the other hand, has different civilité, which was a popular printing type in qualities: it is displayed as unpretentious, the 16th century, especially in the Netherlands. -
The Story of Handwriting Is Handwriting As a Practice Still Used in Swedish Schools?
Independent Project – Final Written Report The Story of Handwriting Is handwriting as a practice still used in Swedish schools? Author: Elsa Karlsson Supervisor: Helga Steppan, Cassandra Troyan Examiner: Ola Ståhl Term: VT18 Subject: Visual Communication + Change 1/13 Level: Bachelor Course code: 2DI68E Abstract technological tools and advancements, children still enjoy and value writing by hand, and then it This design project will map, look at and give is my task as a change agent to break the norm answers regarding: The story of handwriting from that handwriting as a practice is disappearing in a pedagogical perspective, within a Swedish Swedish schools and give children the tools they context. It is primarily based on a great interest in need to continue writing new chapters in the writing by hand, and the effects and benefits it has story of handwriting. To stimulate learning with on its practitioners. Handwriting today compared joy, work with fine motor skills and strengthen the to before is getting less space in the digitized ability to concentrate amongst children through society, but is handwriting as a practice still used a handwriting workshop is what the investiga- in Swedish schools? tion has led to. The answers in this thesis will not The predicted meaning is that children in change the world, but the handwriting workshop, school cannot write properly by hand anymore, designed as a pedagogical tool, will hopefully due to all technologies such as smartphones, inspire and motivate children to write by hand for tablets and computers. The question is complex a long time to come. and the answer is more than just a simple yes or no, and therefore this investigation in handwriting has been done. -
Handwriting Toward a Minuscule Alphabet, It Is Written Upright and Is Considered a Majuscule Form
There is much to say about the history of writing. To encapsulate the highlights in an essay by this short essay, it is important to note that the dialectic between formal and informal Jerri-Jo Idarius styles of writing led to periods of degeneration and periods of reform and also to the differentiation between what we refer to as caps and small letters, known technically as majuscules and minuscules. The Roman formal majuscule scripts follow: Although the ascenders and descenders of the half-uncial represent the movement Handwriting toward a minuscule alphabet, it is written upright and is considered a majuscule form. is a craft in which everyone participates, After the fall of Rome, various regional styles developed in Europe but in the 8th yet few people know much about its tradition century King Charlemagne instituted one script throughout the monasteries of Europe or evolution. From the view of a calligrapher* to help unite his empire. This style, known as Carolingian, related to the Roman who has studied and mastered tradi- half uncial and Roman cursive, is the first truly minuscule alphabet. Its beauti- tional forms of handwriting, this lack of ful letters can be written straight or at an angle. A simply drawn form of caps called education is a sign of cultural loss. Most versals appeared in manuscripts of this era. elementary school teachers feel inadequate to teach penmanship, and cannot explain the relationship between the cursive Roman Square Caps (Capitalis Quadrata) handwriting they have to teach and the printed letters they see in books. Since Rustic handwriting is so intimately connected to Uncial self-image, and since most people are (used for Bibles and sacred texts) unhappy with the results of their learning, versals it is common to hear, “I hate my writing!” Carolingian minuscule & or “I never learned to write.” They don’t Medieval scripts are popularly described as blackletter, due to the predomi- know what to do about it. -
5Lesson 5: Web Page Layout and Elements
5Lesson 5: Web Page Layout and Elements Objectives By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: 1.1.14: Apply branding to a Web site. 2.1.1: Define and use common Web page design and layout elements (e.g., color, space, font size and style, lines, logos, symbols, pictograms, images, stationary features). 2.1.2: Determine ways that design helps and hinders audience participation (includes target audience, stakeholder expectations, cultural issues). 2.1.3: Manipulate space and content to create a visually balanced page/site that presents a coherent, unified message (includes symmetry, asymmetry, radial balance). 2.1.4: Use color and contrast to introduce variety, stimulate users and emphasize messages. 2.1.5: Use design strategies to control a user's focus on a page. 2.1.6: Apply strategies and tools for visual consistency to Web pages and site (e.g., style guides, page templates, image placement, navigation aids). 2.1.7: Convey a site's message, culture and tone (professional, casual, formal, informal) using images, colors, fonts, content style. 2.1.8: Eliminate unnecessary elements that distract from a page's message. 2.1.9: Design for typographical issues in printable content. 2.1.10: Design for screen resolution issues in online content. 2.2.1: Identify Web site characteristics and strategies to enable them, including interactivity, navigation, database integration. 2.2.9: Identify audience and end-user capabilities (e.g., lowest common denominator in usability). 3.1.3: Use hexadecimal values to specify colors in X/HTML. 3.3.7: Evaluate image colors to determine effectiveness in various cultures. -
The Influence of Chinese Calligraphy on Western Informel Painting Was Published in German in 1985
Marguerite Müller-Yao 姚 慧 The Influence of Dr.Marguerite Hui Müller-Yao 2000 Chinese Calligraphy From 1964 – 2014 a Chinese artist was resident in Germany: Dr. Marguerite Hui Müller-Yao. She learned in China traditional Chinese arts - calligraphy, ink painting, poetry – before studying Western modern art in Germany. The subject of her artistic and scientific work was an attempt of a synthesis on between the old traditions of China and the ways and forms of thought and design of modern Western culture. In her artistic work she searched on one hand to develop the traditional ink Western Informel painting and calligraphy through modern Western expression, on the other Marguerite Müller-Yao hand to deepen the formal language of modern painting, graphics and object art by referring back to the ideas of Chinese calligraphic tradition and Painting the principles of Chinese ink painting. In her academic work she was dedicated to the investigation of the relations between the Western Informel Painting and Chinese Calligraphy. This 中國書法藝術對西洋繪畫的影響 work, which deals with the influence of the art of Chinese Calligraphy on the Western Informel painting is an attempt to contribute a little to the understanding of some of the essential aspects of two cultures and their relations: the Western European-American on one hand and the East-Asian, particularly the Chinese, on the other hand. The subject of this work concerns an aspect of intercultural relations between the East and the West, especially the artistic relations between Eastern Asia and Europe/America in Düsseldorf 2015 a certain direction, from the East to the West. -
Council of Europe English Style Guide
COUNCIL OF EUROPE ENGLISH STYLE GUIDE Better English and style, in print and online 2017 COUNCIL OF EUROPE ENGLISH STYLE GUIDE 2017 Editorial Unit Documents and Publications Production Department (SPDP) Council of Europe French edition: Typomémo – Mémento typographique français 2017 The Council of Europe English style guide and the Typomémo – Mémento typographique français are available in electronic form (PDF) on the DGA intranet pages: – on the DGS portal, in the “Useful links” rubric; – on the Publications production page, in the “Theme Files” rubric. They are also available in the Administrative Handbook. A paper version can be printed using the in-house SCRIB printing system. For complete instruc- tions, please consult the guide “How to print the English style guide using SCRIB”, available in the Administrative handbook. Design and layout: Documents and Publications Production Department (SPDP) Cover photos: © Shutterstock © Council of Europe, November 2016 Printed at the Council of Europe Contents Alphabetical listing quick access links: A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W – X – Y – Z Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 FAQs – Frequently asked questions .................................................................................................................................................. 7 1. Sources