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Nigeria Last Updated: May 6, 2016
Country Analysis Brief: Nigeria Last Updated: May 6, 2016 Overview Nigeria is currently the largest oil producer in Africa and was the world's fourth-largest exporter of LNG in 2015. Nigeria’s oil production is hampered by instability and supply disruptions, while its natural gas sector is restricted by the lack of infrastructure to commercialize natural gas that is currently flared (burned off). Nigeria is the largest oil producer in Africa, holds the largest natural gas reserves on the continent, and was the world’s fourth-largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2015.1 Nigeria became a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1971, more than a decade after oil production began in the oil-rich Bayelsa State in the 1950s.2 Although Nigeria is the leading oil producer in Africa, production is affected by sporadic supply disruptions, which have resulted in unplanned outages of up to 500,000 barrels per day (b/d). Figure 1: Map of Nigeria Source: U.S. Department of State 1 Nigeria’s oil and natural gas industry is primarily located in the southern Niger Delta area, where it has been a source of conflict. Local groups seeking a share of the wealth often attack the oil infrastructure, forcing companies to declare force majeure on oil shipments (a legal clause that allows a party to not satisfy contractual agreements because of circumstances beyond their control). At the same time, oil theft leads to pipeline damage that is often severe, causing loss of production, pollution, and forcing companies to shut in production. -
Traditional Administrative System and the Politics of Land Management in Akpor Kingdom, in Rivers State, Nigeria
Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research ISSN 2504-8821 Vol. 3 No. 2 2017 www.iiardpub.org Traditional Administrative System and the Politics of Land Management in Akpor Kingdom, in Rivers State, Nigeria Orlu, Amos Justus & Achinulo, Emmanuel Chinedu Department of Political and Administrative Studies Faculty of Social Sciences University of Port Harcourt [email protected], [email protected] Abstract This research focused on traditional administrative system and the politics of land management in Akpor Kingdom, Obio/Akpor Local Government Area in Rivers State. The major objectives centered on evaluating the relationship between the traditional administrative system and the politics of land management in Akpor Kingdom. The theory employed was historical materialism approach that hinged on the basic ideas of Marxism. The research method adopted was survey approach of research design and made use of both primary and secondary method of data collection. Primary data were generated from copies of questionnaire distributed and personal interviews conducted, while secondary data were generated from textbook, journals, periodicals, etc. The findings were that there is a significant relationship between traditional administrative system and land management in Akpor Kingdom, that conflicts do arise in course of land sharing which can be resolved through process of summoning or law court and that the Nyewe-Ali in Council, the Council of Chiefs, the family heads and the committee set aside for such matters are those in charge of land management in Akpor Kingdom. The conclusion were that there is a significant relationship between traditional administrative system and the politics of land management in Akpor Kingdom and that traditional administrative system enhances effective and efficient process of land management in Akpor Kingdom, through the Nyewe-Ali in Council, the council of chiefs, the family heads and the committee set aside for such matters. -
Ikwerre Intergroup Relations and Its Impact on Their Culture
83 AFRREV VOL. 11 (2), S/NO 46, APRIL, 2017 AN INTERNATIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, ETHIOPIA AFRREV VOL. 11 (2), SERIAL NO. 46, APRIL, 2017: 83-98 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v11i2.7 Ikwerre Intergroup Relations and its Impact on Their Culture Chinda, C. Izeoma Department of Foundation Studies Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rumuola Phone No: +234 703 667 4797 E-mail: [email protected] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract This paper examined the intergroup relations between the Ikwerre of the Niger Delta, South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria and its impact on their culture. It analyzed the Ikwerre relations with her Kalabari and Okrika coastal neighbours, as well as the Etche, Eleme, Ekpeye, Ogba Abua and the Igbo of Imo state hinterland neighbours. The paper concluded that the internal developments which were stimulated by their contacts impacted significantly on their culture. Key words: Ikwerre, Intergroup Relations, Developments, Culture, Neighbour. Introduction Geographical factors aided the movement of people from one ecological zone to another in migration or interdependent relationships of trade exchange. These exchanges and contacts occurred even in pre-colonial times. The historical roots of inter-group relations of the Ikwerre with her neighbours, dates back to pre-colonial times but became prevalent from the 1850 onward when the Atlantic trade became emphatic on agrarian products as raw materials to the industrial western world. This galvanized the hitherto existing inter-group contact between the Ikwerre and her neighbouring potentates. Copyright © International Association of African Researchers and Reviewers, 2006-2017: www.afrrevjo.net. -
Optimization of Strategies for Natural Gas Utilization: Case Study of the Niger Delta 2010
OPTIMIZATION OF STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION: CASE STUDY OF THE NIGER DELTA 2010 OPTIMIZATION OF STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION: CASE STUDY OF THE NIGER DELTA A Thesis PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING, AFRICAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE By OGBE EMMANUEL, B.Eng. ABUJA. FCT. DECEMBER, 2010 i OPTIMIZATION OF STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION: CASE STUDY OF THE NIGER DELTA 2010 OPTIMIZATION OF STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION: CASE STUDY OF THE NIGER DELTA by OGBE Emmanuel RECOMMENDED: _____________________________ Professor David Ogbe Committee Chair _____________________________ Professor Wumi Iledare Committee Member _____________________________ Dr Samuel Osisanya Committee Member _____________________________ Professor Ekwere Peters Committee Member APPROVED: _____________________________ Professor Godwin Chukwu Chair Department of Petroleum Engineering _____________________________ Professor Charles Chidume Provost Academic _____________________________ Date ii OPTIMIZATION OF STRATEGIES FOR NATURAL GAS UTILIZATION: CASE STUDY OF THE NIGER DELTA 2010 ABSTRACT Nigeria is endowed with huge proven gas reserves estimated to be 184 trillion cubic feet (Tcf). It ranks as the 7th holder of natural gas reserves in the world, and the largest in Africa. Nigeria also flares more natural gas than any other country; it accounts for 12.5% of the world‟s annual gas flared and it wastes $2.0 billion annually by flaring gas associated with crude oil extraction. There is crucial need to monetize the gas reserves, reduce gas flaring and its environmental impacts, and to derive he maximum economic benefits from gas production. The purpose of this research is to identify options for natural gas utilization, evaluate the various strategies and thereupon develop a model for optimizing the natural gas utilization strategies using the Niger Delta as a case study. -
TOTAL S.A. Yearended December3l, 2015
KPMG Audit ERNST & YOUNG Audit This isa free translation info English of the statutory auditors' report on the consolidated (mandai statements issued in French and it is provided solely for the convenience 0f English-speaking users. The statutory auditors' report includes information specifically requ?red by French law in such reports, whether modified or flot. This information is presented below the audit opinion on the consolidated financial statements and includes an explanatory para graph discussing the auditors' assessments of certain significant accounting and auditing matters. These assessments were considered for the purpose 0f issuing an audit opinion on the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole and not f0 provide separate assurance on individual account balances, transactions or disclosures. This report also includes information relating to the specific verification of information given in the groups management report. This report should be read in conjunction with and construed in accordance with French law and pro fessional auditing standards applicable in France. TOTAL S.A. Yearended December3l, 2015 Statutory auditors' report on the consolidated financial statements KPMG Audit ERNST & YOUNG Audit Tour EQHO 1/2, place des Saisons 2, avenue Gambetta 92400 Courbevoie - Paris-La Défense 1 CS 60055 S.A.S. à capital variable 92066 Paris-La Défense Cedex Commissaire aux Comptes Commissaire aux Comptes Membre de la compagnie Membre de la compagnie régionale de Versailles régionale de Versailles TOTAL S.A. Year ended December 31, 2015 Statutory auditors' report on the consolidated financial statements To the Shareholders, In compliance with the assignment entrusted to us by your general annual meeting, we hereby report to you, for the year ended December 31, 2015, on: the audit of the accampanying consolidated financial statements of TOTAL S.A.; the justification of our assessments; the specific verification required by law. -
An Atlas of Nigerian Languages
AN ATLAS OF NIGERIAN LANGUAGES 3rd. Edition Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road, Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/Answerphone 00-44-(0)1223-560687 Mobile 00-44-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Skype 2.0 identity: roger blench i Introduction The present electronic is a fully revised and amended edition of ‘An Index of Nigerian Languages’ by David Crozier and Roger Blench (1992), which replaced Keir Hansford, John Bendor-Samuel and Ron Stanford (1976), a pioneering attempt to synthesize what was known at the time about the languages of Nigeria and their classification. Definition of a Language The preparation of a listing of Nigerian languages inevitably begs the question of the definition of a language. The terms 'language' and 'dialect' have rather different meanings in informal speech from the more rigorous definitions that must be attempted by linguists. Dialect, in particular, is a somewhat pejorative term suggesting it is merely a local variant of a 'central' language. In linguistic terms, however, dialect is merely a regional, social or occupational variant of another speech-form. There is no presupposition about its importance or otherwise. Because of these problems, the more neutral term 'lect' is coming into increasing use to describe any type of distinctive speech-form. However, the Index inevitably must have head entries and this involves selecting some terms from the thousands of names recorded and using them to cover a particular linguistic nucleus. In general, the choice of a particular lect name as a head-entry should ideally be made solely on linguistic grounds. -
Securing Regulatory Stability for International Gas Commercialisation
SECURING REGULATORY STABILITY FOR INTERNATIONAL GAS COMMERCIALISATION AND LNG PROJECTS: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE Tade Oyewunmi Doctoral Researcher Centre for Climate Change, Energy and Environmental Law, UEF, Finland; [email protected]; [email protected] +358 456 661 337 Overview Recent experiences pertaining to international oil companies and host country governments who (at the time of promoting gas production and commercialization projects) may have sought to assure and guarantee incentives and fiscal terms by law or other regulatory means, portends that such stabilisation frameworks are not only considered when dealing with ‘irrational’ ‘dictatorial’ resource-rich regimes. Rather, the applicability of such stability provisions, including the potential implementation of a host government’s constitutional powers to act in a non-discriminatory manner for the public interest, as well as pay adequate and required compensation or refrain from direct and creeping expropriation or deal with security threats to the viability of a project, comes with the inherently dynamic and long- term duration of gas industry ventures. For instance, the questions arising from the proposed amendment to the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) Project’s enabling law on one hand and the renegotiation of Israel’s Gas Framework for the Leviathan gas fields following a Supreme Court annulment on the other hand, exemplifies the multidimensional aspects of securing regulatory and commercial stability for international gas projects. The Nigerian scenario is however exacerbated further by socio-political agitations and insecurity in the Niger Delta which hosts her vast gas reserves and projects. In an increasingly global gas market, where new paradigms of short-term and flexible LNG supply arrangements are becoming more popular, there is growing competition for investment capital and market share. -
Producing Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria: Implications for Community Education
Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online) Vol.11, No.4, 2020 Issues in Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Oil- Producing Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria: Implications for Community Education UGWU Angela Nkechi (PhD) Department of Adult & Non-Formal Education, Faculty of Education, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Abstract This study examined the issues in corporate social responsibility practices in oil-producing communities through a descriptive survey of oil-producing communities in three Local Government Areas in Rivers State. Corporate social responsibilities of companies to their host communities were identified, the extent to which communities benefitted from the social responsibility were ascertained and the issues arising in the implementation of the social responsibility examined. The findings showed that community’s representatives mismanaged funds meant for community projects, the youths vandalized oil pipelines and indulged in crimes among others. Based on the findings, the author recommended community education as a viable tool to address the issues raised. Keywords : Issues, Corporate Social Responsibility, Community Education DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-4-23 Publication date: February 29 th 2020 Introduction Oil companies and communities' relations in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has inundated discussions in academic articles, the press and other media houses, international community, government and individuals since oil exploration in the region. The major issues have been centred on the depletion of the environment through oil exploration which has destroyed aquatic lives, threatened the livelihood system, and triggered a high unemployment rate among other issues. The oil companies, on the other hand, have explored avenues to secure a conducive and safe environment in other to achieve their main business objectives. -
Alafaka Tobin M.B, B.S
A COMPARISON OF UPTAKE OF INTERMITTENT PREVENTIVE TREATMENT OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY IN URBAN AND RURAL PUBLIC PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRES IN RIVERS STATE BY ALAFAKA TOBIN M.B, B.S A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE NATIONAL POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF NIGERIA IN PART FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF FELLOWSHIP OF THE MEDICAL COLLEGE IN PUBLIC HEALTH MAY, 2016 1 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this study, or part of it, has not been and will not be submitted for any other diploma, fellowship or any other examination. ……………..………. ALAFAKA TOBIN M.B, B.S 2 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this dissertation titled “A Comparison Of Uptake Of Intermittent Preventive Treatment Of Malaria In Pregnancy In Urban And Rural Public Primary Health Care Centres In Rivers State” was carried out by Alafaka Tobin, a Senior Registrar in the Department of Community Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital under our supervision. ………………………….. ………………..…… Dr. C. I. Tobin-West Dr. C. A. Onoka MD, MPH, FMCPH MBBS, DLSHTM, MPH, MSc, FWACP Senior Lecturer, Consultant Community Medicine Lecturer, Consultant Community Medicine Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Nsukka, Enugu Port Harcourt, Rivers State …………………… Dr. K. E. Douglas Head of Department Community Medicine University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Rivers State 3 DEDICATION This book is dedicated to my husband Mr. Derefaka Tobin whose words of encouragement motivated me to commence and complete this dissertation. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am very grateful to my supervisors, Dr. C.I. Tobin-West and Dr. -
SEC Complaint: ENI, S.P.A. and Snamprogetti Netherlands B.V
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS HOUSTON DIVISION § SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, § § Plaintiff, § § Civil Action No. 4:10-cv-2414 vs. § § COMPLAINT ENI, S.p.A. and § § SNAMPROGETTI NETHERLANDS B.V., § § Defendants. § § Plaintiff Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) alleges: SUMMARY 1. This action arises from multiple violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) of the federal securities laws by Defendants ENI, S.p.A. (“ENI”) and its former indirect subsidiary Snamprogetti Netherlands B.V. (“Snamprogetti”). 2. Between at least 1995 and 2004, senior executives at Snamprogetti, among others, devised and implemented a scheme to bribe Nigerian government officials to assist in obtaining multiple contracts worth over $6 billion to build liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) production facilities on Bonny Island, Nigeria. A four-company joint venture, of which Snamprogetti was a member, won the contracts. To conceal the illicit payments, Snamprogetti and others, through the joint venture, entered into sham “consulting” or “services” agreements with intermediaries who would then funnel their 1 purportedly legitimate fees to Nigerian government officials. Specifically, Snamprogetti and others, through the joint venture, implemented this scheme by using a Gibraltar shell company controlled by a solicitor based in the United Kingdom (“the UK Agent”) and a Japanese trading company (“the Japanese Agent”) as conduits for the bribes. 3. As a result of the scheme, numerous books and records of Snamprogetti and ENI contained false information relating to, among other things, the UK Agent and the Japanese Agent, and the payments made to them. Snamprogetti did not conduct due diligence on the UK Agent or the Japanese Agent and ENI failed to ensure that Snamprogetti complied with ENI’s policies regarding the use of agents. -
Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) and Heavy Metals in Some Edible Vegetables Along Roadsides in Port Harcourt Metropolis
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 14, Issue 12 Ser. I (December 2020), PP 14-37 www.iosrjournals.org Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Toxic Elements in Some Vegetables Cultivated Along Roadsides in Port Harcourt and Environs 1Okaba, Fidelis A., 2Daka, Erema R., 3*Ideriah, Tubonimi J. K. 1Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology, Rivers State University Nkpolu Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt 2Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University Nkpolu Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt 3*Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University Nkpolu Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt Abstract The concentrations of PAHs and Toxic elements and the effect of traffic density and heat on their concentrations in Bitter leaf and Pumpkin leaf cultivated along roadsides in Port Harcourt, Nigeria were evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results showed that the highest concentration of PAHs in Fresh Bitter leaf samples was 0.33mg/kg at Eleme- Okrika road, Cr, 19.865mg/kg at Eleme-Okrika road, Pb, 35.836mg/kg at Igwuruta-Omagwa road, Cd, 0.739mg/kg at Igwuruta-Omagwa road, Cu, 17.953mg/kg at Igwuruta-Omagwa road and As, <0.001 mg/kg at all the stations. In boiled sample of Bitter leaf the highest concentration of PAHs was 0.131mg/kg at Eagle Island, Cr, <0.001mg/kg at all stations, Pb, 6.633mg/kg at Igwuruta-Omagwa road, Cd, 0.912 mg/kg at Igwuruta-Omagwa road, Cu, 17.953 mg/kg at Eleme-Okrika road, Ni at 13.234 mg/kg and As, <0.001mg/kg at all the stations. -
Manner of Utilization of Implementation Funds for The
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 3, March-2021 731 ISSN 2229-5518 Manner of Utilization of Implementation Funds for the Greater Port Harcourt City Master Plan Implementation Johnbull Simeipiri Wenike1 and Ikiriko Tamunoikuronibo Dawaye2 Urban and Regional Planning Department, Rivers State University, Nkpolu, Port Harcourt Email1: [email protected] 2 Email : [email protected] Abstract Policies, projects and programmes are adequately expressed through a plan and such plan can hardly be implemented in the face of paucity, inadequate and inappropriate disbursement of funds for implementation. This study engages both quantitative and qualitative investigations to ascertain the total amount of fund that was allocated and revenue generated in the Greater Port Harcourt City Development Authority from 2009-2019; and also ascertain the avenues these funds were distributed in the process of the implementation of the Greater Port Harcourt City Master Plan. This class of study belongs to the explanatory sequential mixed method research design. The geographical scope of the study is the Phase 1 area of the study location which comprises of the Mbodo-Aluu, Omagwa and Igwuruta communities in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. Both in-depth key informant interview and secondary data from GPHCDA were annexed to adjudicate appropriate analysis of the submissions on the financial capacity of Greater Port Harcourt City Development Authority (GPHCDA) based on the inflow and outflow of funds within the planning period of 2009-2019. An analysis was made to determine the fiscal performance of the Authority during the implementation of the GPHCMP (2009-2019). Issues of compensation and land allocation (Land Compensation Claims Settled by GPHCDA, Educational Layout Compensation Payment at Mbodo-Aluu, Structures Acquired and Compensation Paid in Phase 1A, Compensation for Crops Paid in Phase 1A) were evidently captured as part of the activities in the implementation process.