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Responsibility of Responsible Tourism in Achieving Sustainability: a Kerala Model 1Devika Ram and 2K

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Responsibility of Responsible Tourism in Achieving Sustainability: a Kerala Model 1Devika Ram and 2K International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 2617-2631 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu Responsibility of Responsible Tourism in Achieving Sustainability: A Kerala Model 1Devika Ram and 2K. Arun 1Department of Commerce and Management, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, India. 2Department of Commerce and Management, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, India. Abstract Sustainability is the need of the hour in all walks of life, across the universe. This study will look into the responsibilities of responsible tourism in achieving sustainability at Responsible Tourism destinations in Kerala. Kerala’s exponential growth in tourism map made the policy makers to initiate Responsible Tourism in selected destinations. This was with the intention of making these destinations sustainable in nature. Sustainability means to maximize the natural resources by creating ecological balance. Responsible tourism is to making the tourism spot more responsible by taking advantage of the available resources and manpower. Responsible Tourism Practices is a brain wave which can be put into effect to make the destinations more responsible as well as sustainable. Through action research at four Responsible Tourism destinations in Kerala it is found that it is yet to travel more to reach the agenda of sustainability. Key Words: Responsible Tourism, Sustainability, Responsible Tourism Practices, Responsible Tourism Destinations. 2617 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue 1. Introduction Tourism is normally an enormous social business that has cut a claim to fame for itself cosmically. This overall matter is flourishing and developing as a powerful instrument for monetary advancement of countries by producing work, winning income and outside trade, and going about as an implies for upward social versatility through association with societies from somewhere else on the planet. Tourism directors have been willing to fuse environmental measures into current administration systems and techniques in the event that they brought about lower costs and additionally higher incomes and benefits (Stabler & Goodal, 1997, p.19). Sustainable tourism in Kerala is on the ascent. In early 1990s the Indian state of Kerala was in an exploration of tourist destinations. Later, that is during the late 1990s it was recognized that there started the exploitation of natural resources, creating an ecological imbalance and other damages to the environment. The reason behind these issues was that the government started using tourism for developmental purposes. The possibility of responsible tourism has been described as a wide range of tourism which respect the host's trademark, produced, and social circumstances and the interests of all get-togethers concerned (Smith, 1992; Stanford, 2000). Ideal from 1996 the idea of Responsible tourism was developed, after the Cape Town presentation Responsible tourism approach including its motivation and variables emerged. According to Lane (1991) [4], ecologically sustainable tourism should strive for, “providing satisfying jobs without dominating the local community. It must not abuse the natural environment, and should be architecturally respectable. The benefits of tourism should be diffused through many communities, and not concentrated on a narrow coastal strip or scenic valley”. The principle expectation behind Responsible Tourism is to confine negative biological, money related and social impacts. It makes more vital budgetary favorable circumstances to neighborhood people and enhances the flourishing of close-by gatherings. It moreover makes positive responsibilities regarding the insurance of normal and social inheritance, and protection of the world's assorted variety. During 2000 – 2010 the concept of Responsible Tourism spread all over Kerala. The drive of Responsible Tourism was first targeted and carried out at Kumarakom, Kovalam, Wayanad and Thekkady. Kumarakom one of the beautiful backwater destinations in Kerala was declared as Special Tourism zone in the year 2005 and the big idea of Responsible Tourism was launched in the year May 2007. Subsequently Wayanad was also floated as Responsible tourism destination on September 2008. Presently Thekkady and Kovalam have additionally moved towards Responsible Tourism areas. Instantly the notion of Responsible Tourism was converted to Sustainable Tourism. Responsible Tourism is a tourism activity to accomplish great travel trade openings over building up the vacation enjoyment, increase and improves the quality of 2618 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue livelihood of the local community, assuring the natural assets, reduction of wastage of resources and other socio-economic benefits. 2. Literature Review Tourism industry is a cutthroat blessing to our Gods own Country. Advancement of the concept Responsible tourism has created remarkable changes in our region. Makarand Mody (2014) single out that as when the concept of responsible tourism arrived that becomes the travel motivation for many travelers to visit responsible tourism spots. That the tourism must be created in a manner that it must be monetarily, environmentally and socially advantageous. Tanja Mihalic (2014) pinpoints that when a tourism destination is both responsible as well as sustainable to cut down the weak and upgrade the perfect ambiance, communal and commercial crunch of exploration. For that they introduced ‘Responsustable’ tourism concept and Triple-A model which will help the tour operators as well as tourists to make the tourism destination eco-friendly and will also provide benefits to environment, local people and the visitors. Freya Higgins (2017) identifies that in the present scenario tourism faces many challenges, so the concept of tourism must be presumed and persuaded with an expanded context of sustainability. The author points out that tourism is killing tourism, so the current position of the tourism must be transformed into structural management of mobility’s point of view. Paul V Mathew (2016) spots out that to analyze the effect of apparent responsible tourism on perceived quality of life of communities and personal management in tourist destinations and to analyze the mediating role of perceived destination sustainability. As because of the presentation of capable tourism it has improved the personal satisfaction of the neighborhood group and has figured seen goal maintainability. Bernard Lane (2017) investigates on sustainable tourism and sustainable tourism research. The author says that sustainable tourism is an infant concept which has been evolved only recently, so it needs to grow and to be matured enough to conserve the environment. Robert Caruana (2014) observes that tour operators are just about five times as prone to utilize 'sustainable tourism' as any substitute tool. As from the consumer perspective they are aware about the term responsible tourism but it is not stable and fixed. Responsible tourism' has settled in into an entrenched zone of tourism research and sharpen and is normally assimilated as a far reaching set of voyager associations that attract with preference neighborhood groups and breaking point negative social and regular impacts. Adenekan (Nick) Dedeke (2017) how we can make sustainable tourism wanders in ensured territories. For such destinations to prosper in the society they need to know more about how they are established and sustained. Weng Marc Lim (2016) implements the concept of creativity and hospitality into the concept of tourism for greater sustainability. As when the tour operators are more creative and are engaging in 2619 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue sustainable practices then which can serve as a tie breaker for customer attraction and satisfaction. Chih-Hsing Liu (2017) detects that how can a tourism destination be more responsible, hospitable and sustainable. For that there comes the implementation of a creative problem strategy that is for accurately using creativity pattern to learn the environment and which will be promoted as a sustainable education in the future. Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah (2015) observes that in the modern tourism development the most popular term is Responsible Tourism Practices, which is also considered as the principle of tourism development. RTP makes the tourism destination sustainable, responsible of local culture, natural environment and supplies a better quality of life. Kai Xin Tay (2014) diagnoses that how we can assimilate the responsible tourism practices through principles of sustainability. The author initiates that from the principle of sustainability the responsibility is manufactured. It also proves that sustainable tourism has been emerged as methods for being responsible to preservation standards, especially to secure nature for whom and what is to come. Robertico Croes (2017) determines the rapport between quality of life, tourism specialization and economic growth in tourism destinations. Here it proves that the tourism specification influence and improves the quality of life of residents but only for a short term. As in small developmental areas this principle cannot be fully flourished as the human resource is the hallmark for tourism development which lacks in most of the areas. Nicole Frey (2009) examines the present mentalities and conduct of the general population towards Responsible Tourism Management Practices.
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