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The Use of Road Weather Information System Data for the Forecasts of Climatic Conditions

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The Use of Road Weather Information System Data for the Forecasts of Climatic Conditions THE BALTIC JOURNAL OF ROAD AND BRIDGE ENGINEERING ISSN 1822-427X / eISSN 1822-4288 2015 Volume 10(1): 71–78 THE USE OF ROAD WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM DATA FOR THE FORECASTS OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Alfredas Laurinavičius1, Lina Bertulienė2, Arina Minkevič3 1, 2Dept of Road, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania 3State Enterprise “Vilniaus regiono keliai”, Liepkalnio g. 81, 02121 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract. The article studies possibility by using the data of the Road Weather Information Systems to forecast the be- ginning of precipitation on the roads maintained by the state road maintenance enterprises. The article discusses the importance of forecasts both to the road users as well as road maintenance enterprises, especially in a cold period of the year. The hazards caused by meteorological phenomena specific of winter season are presented. Research methodology is described which is based on the speed of movement of clouds carrying precipitation. To calculate speed the theoreti- cal background is given assisting in selection of certain parameters for the determination of this value. Knowing the speed of movement of clouds the forecasts have been made. Results of the forecasts are compared to the real parameters and it is determined in what radius the forecasts are advisable to be made. Keywords: Intelligent Transport System (ITS), Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service, Road Weather Information System (RWIS), precipitation forecast, winter road maintenance. 1. Introduction technologies have been implemented in many countries Condition of roads in winter must ensure safe traffic making it possible to reasonably assess the existing me- throughout the cold period of the year. The roads of Lithu- teorological conditions of roads and to transfer informa- ania are up to 6 months operating under winter conditions. tion about them to road maintenance services and the Road maintenance operations in winter depend on winter drivers travelling on the road (Trinks et al. 2012). The duration, snow cover thickness, peculiarities of snowstorm most relevant information is that obtained during the regime, wind direction, air temperature, etc. (Ratkevičius journey since it helps the drivers to choose safe speed et al. 2013a; 2013b; Ružinskas, Sivilevičius 2014). as it describes weather conditions that influence vehicle The most general features of the Lithuania’s clima- control. Knowing that speed is the main reason of road te are determined by its geographical location. Lithuania accidents, this type of driver information reduces the is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate number of accidents and, thus, helps to improve road zone characterized by a large amount of precipitation and safety (Novikienė 2009). requiring large resources to ensure a proper road main- Communication from the Commission to the Euro- tenance in winter. The Republic of Lithuania lies on the pean Parliament, the Council, the European Economic eastern coast of the Baltic Sea (Fig. 1). and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions The variation in accident rate depends on various “Towards a European Road Safety Area. Policy Orienta- technical parameters and performance of vehicles, differ- tions of Road Safety 2011–2020” also acknowledges that ent properties and characteristics of road elements and “ITS have the potential to play a considerable role for pavement, behaviour of road users, types of freight, cli- the improvement of traffic safety, for example through mate and weather conditions, traffic flows and other fac- the adoption of systems to detect incidents and supervise tors (Podvezko, Sivilevičius 2013). traffic that are able to provide information to road users Meteorological conditions have a large effect on in real time”. road safety, whereas, meteorological information helps A positive effect of timely information is also assented to ensure safety of roads. Seeking to reduce a negative by Danilo Valerio and his colleagues (Valerio et al. 2010). impact of weather conditions on roads the modern His study mentions that only with the help of Intelligent Copyright © 2015 Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU) Press Technika doi:10.3846/bjrbe.2015.09 http://www.bjrbe.vgtu.lt 72 A. Laurinavičius et al. The Use of Road Weather Information System Data... Transport Systems (ITS) a real-time information can be part of the product and a technological process (Kildienė given from vehicle to vehicle or from infrastructure to ve- et al. 2014). hicle. And this is treated as a preventive measure aimed at reducing the number of accidents, people killed or injured 2. Importance and the use of Intelligent Transport (Valerio et al. 2010). Systems in Lithuania Timely information is important not only to the dri- This article studies ITS having been implemented in vers but also to the road maintenance services, especially Lithuania and their effect on seeking to optimize winter in a cold period of the year. However, a more relevant in- road maintenance works and to ensure traffic safety on formation for the maintenance services is not that of a re- roads. al-time but the forecasted data based on which they would One of the possibilities to reduce winter maintenance be able to plan road maintenance operations. costs without affecting the quality of works is the use of ITS. Winter maintenance of roads of national significance These systems are often comprehended as the application shall ensure their traffic conditions according to the at- of information and communication technologies seeking to tributed maintenance level, and also their road safety. For solve various transport problems (Paulauskas et al. 2011). the implementation of certain requirements the mainte- Today, during winter maintenance the road specia- nance services use even 50% of their total annual financ- lists use information from traffic information systems as ing. However, the problem is that the road maintenance well as Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service. Seeking process is a multi-objective issue that depends on many for the effective and optimal winter road maintenance factors, such as country development level, labour costs, the forecasting of road pavement condition must be auto- user-delay costs, vehicle operation costs, traffic level and mated with the help of a digital forecasting model which vehicle type distribution, climate conditions, present road should be integrated into the Road Weather Information conditions, construction quality, local experience, etc. System (RWIS) and other applications and should partici- pate in traffic information systems when forming recom- (Zofka et al. 2014). One of the means to cut down winter mendations and warnings concerning road maintenance. maintenance costs without decreasing the quality of op- In Lithuania, like in other countries, the RWIS is one erations is the use of ITS. of the ITS which helps to ensure safe and continuous traf- Winter road maintenance in the countries of average fic during any season of the year. and northward climate, characteristic of a large amount of Road Weather Information System consists of: precipitation, requires huge resources. Therefore, the aim − measuring stations located on the main and nation- of each road maintenance company is to minimize the al roads of national significance; costs of routine winter maintenance and at the same time − GSM (Global Standart for Mobile Communica- to implement the standards of road maintenance. tions) subsystem between the measuring stations This could be achieved only by improving the exist- and the main computer; ing and creating the new technologies which, having got − the main computer which collects information the investments, would reduce road maintenance costs from the measuring stations; and the number of road accidents, would evenly dis- − regional working stations where user-necessary tribute the workload in winter. In this field the various information is available earlier processed and pre- multi-criteria assessment methods could be also used. sented by the main computer; The designed multi-criteria assessment model promotes − varying road signs controlled by the State En- accessibility of users to the technologies, new product, a terprise “Automagistralė” (road maintenance Fig. 1. Location of Lithuania in the world map (Laurinavičius et al. 2014) The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 2015, 10(1): 71–78 73 enterprises) or the main computer (for the mean- In this research the task on a basis of Vilnius region time, only on the main road A1). was solved. The research was implemented aiming to create The RWIS is able to expand the network of Lithua- conditions for more detailed and more reasonable organiza- nian meteorological stations. The users, for example, the tion of works in a process of winter road maintenance. The Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service or other interest- aim of the study is to determine if it is possible to predict the ed institutions, can use this data to more accurately assess beginning of precipitation on the roads of the Vilnius zone the former meteorological situation and to easier make the by using data from the road weather (RW) stations situated necessary decisions (Šidlauskaitė, Kažys 2012). at a 200 km radius round the Vilnius County and to find out The primary information source is the field sta- the accuracy of the forecasts made. tions (with or without cameras).
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