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FROMHE T PRESIDENT a
ENGINEERS A USTRALIA
Our r egulations
Marlene K anga under review [email protected]
I n r ecent years, the summer holidays in Australia have Council a nd Congress will seek feedback from been d isrupted by natural disasters with sobering our learned and leadership groups, and hold further regularity. This year, the bushfires burning in four states, discussions at a mid-year Congress meeting in May. This extreme heat, monsoonal rains, cyclone Oswald and floods is an opportunity for contemporary governance in keeping have been cause for concern. Our thoughts are with those with our times, enabling everyone to make a contribution who have suffered loss in this and previous years. to Engineers Australia and the profession, to the level that I have personal experience of such events, having lost they desire. part of my home in the Sydney bushfires of January 1994. Following feedback from Congress in November 2012, After 19 years, my family still remembers the terror and two Committees of Congress are being established - to fear of that afternoon. Australians are at their best after review the governance structure of Engineers Australia, such disasters, we are overwhelmingly chaired by past national president generous and supportive to friends and Merv Lindsay; and to improve strangers alike. communication between Congress However, as engineers we need to 'An o pportunity and Council, our significant governing make sure that the community response bodies, chaired by national deputy is smarter, that we systematically for contemporary president Alex Baitch. mitigate the consequences of natural As part of my support for young disasters before they occur. governance in engineering professionals, I am The government and community delighted to introduce an article by needs to understand that engineers James Polkinghorne (see p. 60), who keeping with have the necessary skills and expertise has lived and worked in various parts of to develop strategic responses to Asia and is currently based in Singapore. our times." national disasters, our profession must Polkinghorne's article discusses the be at the forefront of proposing and challenges of operating in Asia. He is a implementing solutions. passionate advocate for ethical cultures This year we have the important task of finalising and in organisations and I am sure will be a future leader. approving the member regulations. Members may be I am also delighted to introduce an article by Dianne aware that Engineers Australia was established by Royal Boddy (see p. 58), whose career in mechanical engineering Charter, with by-laws that provide governance. New by- demonstrates enormous creativity and problem solving laws were passed by members in 2010. capability. It's one of the reasons I find engineering so A major change was that many areas of operation, endlessly compelling, fascinating and inspiring. previously entrenched in the by-laws, have been devolved February is one of the busiest months at Engineers to regulations. Congress has the responsibility for Australia when Council, as well as most college boards approving the Disciplinary Regulations and Council has and national committees have their first meeting, setting the responsibility for the remaining regulations. This objectives and programs for the year. I am looking forward provides greater flexibility and means that the regulations to productive deliberations that benefit the members, the can be changed as required in keeping with current profession and the community. M practices.
Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 3
ENGINEERS A USTRALIA NATIONAL O FFICE 11 National Circuit, Barton, ACT 2600 0 phone 02 6270 6555 www.eng|neersaustral t a.org.au ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA [email protected] 1300 653 113 NATIONAL PRESIDENT : Dr Marlene Kanga, FIEAust CPEng NATIONAL DEPUTY PRESIDENT: Prof Alex Baitch, FIEAust CPEng NATIONAL I MMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT: Adjunct Prof David Hood, FIEAust CPEng COUNCILLORS: C arla Cher GradIEAust; Dr David Cruikshanks-Boyd, FIEAust EngExec; Madeleine McManus, FIEAust; Simon Orton, RPEQ MIEAust EngExec JP(Qual); Barry Tonkin, JP FIEAust CPEng; Greg Walters (National Vice President - Finance), FIEAust CPEng EngExec. m CHIEF EXECUTIVE : Stephen Durkin, FIEAust Lesso ns fro m c h rl stc h UrC h COLLEGE CHAIRS : Prof Karen Reynolds, FIEAust FTSE (biomedical); Robert Barker, FIEAust, CPEng (civil); Georgie Wright, MIEAust (chemical); Alan Coote, CPEng (electrical); David Gamble, MIEAust, CPEng (environmental); Peter H itchiner, FIEAust, CPEng (ITEE); Paula West, CPEng (mechanical); Richard Eckhaus, FIEAust, CPEng (structural). DIVISION O FFICES CANBERRA 11 National Circuit, Barton, ACT 2600, phone 02 6270 6519 NEWCASTLE 122 Parry St, Newcastle West 2302, phone 02 4926 4440 NORTHERN z H GPO Box 417, Darwin 0801, phone 08 8981 4137 E QUEENSLAND & 447 Upper Edward St, Brisbane 4000, phone 07 3832 3749 a SOUTH AUSTRALIA Level 11, 108 King William St, Adelaide 5000, phone: 08 8202 7100 SYDNEY Level 3, 8 Thomas Street, Chatswood 2067, phone 02 9410 5600 TASMANIA 2 Davey St, Hobart 7000, phone 03 6234 2228 VICTORIA 13-21 Bedford St, North Melbourne 3051, phone 03 9329 8188 WESTERN AUSTRALIA 712 Murray St, West Perth 6005, phone 08 9321 3340 HONG KONG CHAPTER Paul Kwong, Hon Secretary phone 852 2828 5969, [email protected] MALAYSIA S OCIETY Pha : CK Liew, Hon Secretary, [email protected] h , SINGAPORE GROUP Cover design : Michelle Watts . Lawrence Lim CM, Hon Secretary Cover photo: Bluesand Views/iStockphoto phone +65 9616 7862, [email protected] UK ASSOCIATION Peter Walsh, Hon Secretary, [email protected] ENGINEERS M EDIA Engineers A ustraliamagazine, published by Engineers Media (registered name T h e fi na | vol ume of fi n d | n gs fro m Engineers Australia Pty Limited, ACN 001311511), a wholly owned subsidiary of E ngineers Australia, is a magazine reporting impartially the latest news the Ca nterbu ry Ea rthq ua keS Royal of interest to engineers. The statements made or opinions expressed in the Com m iSSion in New Zea Ia nd were magazineo d not necessarily reflect the views of the Institution. Engineers Media retains copyright for this publication. Written permission rE|ea SEd in Decem ber 2012 Wh at can is required for the reprinting of any ofits content. « P Australian engineers learn from the BOARD OF DIRECTORS: E/Prof Elizabeth Taylor, AO FIEAust (chair); Gunilla . Burrowes, FIEAust; Stephen Durkin, FIEAust; David Lees, MIEAust CPEng; ex pe riences across th e Ta sman .7 Bruce R off, FIPA ACIS; Terence Jeyaretnam, FIEAust CPEng; Mai Yeung, FIEAust CPEng. HEAD OFFICE: 2 Ernest Place, Crows Nest, NSW 2065 (PO Box 588, Crows Nest 1585), phone 02 9438 1533 www.engineersmedia.com.au
EDITORIAL E MAIL: [email protected] ADVERTISING E MAIL: [email protected] You TUbé fl iCkr Linked mg GENERAL M ANAGER: Bruce Roff Find us MANAGING EDITOR : Dr Tim Kannegieter 0 elsewhere EDITORIAL: D anny Cameron, Kirill Reztsov, Conrad Bem ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA ACCOUNTANT: T issa Mohotti facebook. twitter NATIONAL MARKETING MANAGER : Terry Marsden
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Meme R essart PublishersAustralia ISSN 1448-4951 4 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013
WX F ollow @EngAusMag THE J OURNAL OF ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA
IN T HIS ISSUE ...
FROMHE T PRESIDENT Review of regulations
HEFROM T CHIEF EXECUTIVE Focus on member services zz: boo e 4 LETTERS [H .
N EWS 12
Commissioning i s under way on the expansion of the PEOPLE 2 4 Southern Seawater desalination plant in Perth. MEMBER S ERVICES 26 Improving EA service
SF COURSES, C ONFERENCES & MEETINGS 27 § .' i Eom llllllllmlmwuummunnmmdum. COVER STORY 2 8
SNAPSHOT 35 A nthea Hammon - mechanical engineer at Scenic World tourist attraction
PROJECT M ANAGEMENT - Feature 36 The t oll-free Peninsula Link has been delivered under a new
funding model for roads.
TERENCE J EYARETNAM 45
Losing touch with nature
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING - Feature 48
MARGOT CAIRNES 57
Old g uard faces radical change
INNOVATION C ASE STUDY 58
Inventor reflects on a career of achievement
YOUNG E NGINEERS 60
Acting ethically overseas
KNOWLEDGE M ANAGEMENT 62
Challenges for large organisations
OBITUARIES 6 4
- Peter Taylor - former EA chief executive
- Paul Grundy - disaster risk
reduction expert
- Stuart Hornery - former Lend Lease chair
CLASSIFIEDS 6 6
Over h er career, Dianne Boddy has developed over 2000 documented designs, such as this syruping machine.
Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 5
h F ROM THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE @ ENGINEERS A USTRALIA A f ocus on member s ervices
critical p art of the new operating qualityf o services to our members, we are Amodel that we have introduced at also looking to increase our capacity by Engineers Australia is a dedicated having more people in member-focused member engagement business unit. This roles. new function, led by Rupert Grayston, our At EA, we are totally committed to deputy CEO, covers a range of activities delivering an outstanding service to each including a newly established member and every one of our members (see p. 26 services team. for more details). We hope that you notice This team is headed by Chelsea the difference. Cheney, who has recently joined us from I would like to close this month's the Australian Institute of Management. column with some acknowledgements. The newly formed unit incorporates the Firstly, to Peter Taylor, my predecessor Member Service Centre (call centre), at EA who passed away on 20 January, Member Benefits Program and Career following a brave fight against cancer (see Stephen D urkin Development Centre. This team has p. 64). During his seven years as chief [email protected] been established with a very clear executive from 2004-2011, Peter led a mandate to deliver a greatly enhanced change process that saw the organisation member experience. Its role is to ensure grow into a force within the global that all of our direct member interfacing engineering profession. Peter was highly activities, from the phone calls and regarded for his leadership skills, strategic emails we receive, to the letters that approach and ability to identify practical we send to members, are coordinated solutions with determination and resolve. We a re totally through this specialist group. With a clear As reported in the December edition focus on what our members (customers) of the magazine, Bill Rourke, chief committed to expect, member services is challenging EA executive of EA from 1985-1991, also to ensure that the member experience is passed away late last year. Bill had a delivering an front of mind with all of our key business distinguished 43 year long career in the decisions. Royal Australian Navy, reaching the rank outstanding One of the initial tasks has been to of Rear Admiral, and at EA made an carry out a survey of over 900 members outstanding contribution in broadening service. in every division across the country. The our community involvement and our survey was conducted in order to better relationship with governments. understand our internal service responses The commitment of both Peter and and to obtain some further insights on Bill will be remembered for many years what our members want to see from to come, along with their impact on the their experiences with EA. The result profession and the organisation. from this first survey is that of the 51% Finally, I was delighted that Adjunct of members who made contact with Professor David Hood, our immediate past the organisation in the past 12 months, national president, was made a Member 69% rated their satisfaction with the (AM) in the General Division of the Order way that there enquiry was handled, as of Australia in the recent Australia Day being at least 8 out of 10. This work is honours. David's award was for "significant an important step forward in terms of us service to environmental engineering better understanding and measuring our as an educator and researcher, through members' experiences in dealing with our contributions to professional organisations, organisation. and to public awareness of sustainability. In response to this feedback, we are David is a great advocate of EA and of the now introducing a new standardised critical role that the engineering profession approach to deal with member enquiries provides to our national well-being. in a more consistent manner. As a part Congratulations to David, a great honour of our commitment to delivering a high and very well deserved. M
6 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013
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LETTERS
Becoming a n industrial organisation
our r eport on the elected r epresentatives is positionse w may consider prosecution of obvious, demonstrated in as engineering could be John Ruffini (Jan its press releases on the described as something else. ea m agazine) will be of Ruffini matter, and EA also In the future Queensland considerable interest to has a pecuniary interest in water authorities may choose members and to their this. In one step we have to call the people managing employers. progressed from a learned water levels "managers" For as long as I can society to a self-interested rather than "engineers" to remember I have thought of enforcement, "no-ticket, no- avoid this problem. our institution as a learned start" industrial organisation. Jim S hannon, FIEAust CPEng Send y our letter either society. Clearly this must So far this is fully effective Wellington Point, Qld in the body of the email have changed. The approval in Queensland only. or as an attachment in of the prosecution by our Already we can see how Microsoft Word.
SENDO T The Editor, Engineers Media, Priorities n eed to be focused PO Box 588, Crows Nest NSW 1585 ongratulations t o CEO b ut we have Kanga's consuming c onsiderations EMAILO T Dr Marlene Kanga statement that "Council will needed to progress strategic letters@ on being the second provide the leadership and priorities and associated engineersmedia.com.au owoman t become national strategic priorities for the programs. Unless priorities Letters s hould not exceed president. It is refreshing organisation. The president's are limited to the vital few 200 words. Include IEAust that she asks members to be leadership role needs or the term of office for post-nominals, suburb, candid in their views on the clarification and just one set president is increased then, state and phone number. performance of Engineers of priorities is sufficient. as Kanga has rightly said, it Not all letters can be Australia to which I By the time a president will be a hectic year ahead. published. respond. has toured state divisions, We should hope it will be By submitting your letter The leadership role attended committees and more than just a lap of for publication you agree and priorities as exercised specialist groups, visited honour. that Engineers Australia between the president, industrial venues and magazine may edit the Trevor D avis, MIEAust chief executive and overseas learned societies, letter for legal, length or CPEng (Ret) Council confuses me. Not held many meetings and other reasons. West Pennant Hills, NSW Unpublished letters only do we have separate attended conventions and cannot be acknowledged announcements of priorities functions, there must be or returned. by the president and little remaining for the time
Sadt a passing of Bill Rourke
I w as sad to learn of the His u nderstanding of ohas t be recognised for foster t he differentiated ndeath i November of issues and leadership were outstanding leadership in para-professional education Rear Admiral Bill Rourke. of extraordinary value the decades following the and status of engineering I worked closely with him as professional engineers Professional Engineers Cases associates as supporters of during his period as CEO faced challenges to our of the 1960s. In Harper's the functions of professional of EA, 1985 to 1991, when occupational identity from time, cases constituted the engineers. I was a member of the left-wing ideologies and tipping point in public and I am proud indeed at National Council and then a from disruptive social governmental recognition having worked with such a vice-president. change in the organisation of the professional status fine man. From the day of his or professional engineering of professional engineers. Dr B rian Lloyd appointment, Bill exhibited employment. That continued in Rourke's National President 1993 an intelligent, comprehensive Along with his long- time, but the further tipping and decisive grasp of the serving predecessor, point came with recognition role of Engineers Australia. Clem Harper, Bill Rourke of the essential need to
8 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013
BOSFA
LETTERS
The n egative impact of regulation
I n t he January 2013 as a l earned society is the a rticle on professional of t he word, for excavation fedition o ea magazine, now negligible. Even more conduct by Peter Taylor or other work and any our incoming President, than technological change in respect of damage damage which might Marlene Kanga, wrote: during the past 40 years, to adjacent properties potentially occur. Greater "Our shared vision is that it seems to me that one potentially caused by regulation might only ensure Engineers Australia will be of the most important excavations in the same that due process is followed, central to the aspirations (negative) changes during (Civil only) edition of ea so that the responsible and goals of every member that time has been the magazine. He reached two parties can later be of the engineering team in shift away from individual primary conclusions. He shown not to be negligent their professional careers." professional responsibility provided sound engineering (since they followed the I congratulate her on for engineering excellence advice about potential risks; regulations precisely). her appointment and wish towards greater reliance and then made a plea for However, it cannot ensure her well in this, because, on "quality systems" and more rigorous management good engineering design after 43 years working as an regulatory processes. of existing regulations and and construction outcomes. engineer and more than 38 It seems to me that the introduction of more I don't believe that the years as a member of EA, I this trend, while having restrictive regulations. I Institution of Engineers think that the organisation's some benefits, has also consider debate on this Australia which I proudly evolution has significantly significantly discouraged second conclusion to be joined in 1974 would have diminished its relevance to engineering innovation and, central to the realisation of seen that as a good thing. many professional engineers. to some extent, enforced Kanga's stated goals. Colin B eard, MIEAust CPEng I don't know how that mediocrity. I think that In my opinion, we must Brisbane, Qld happened, or why, but Engineers Australia has ensure that properly trained in my admittedly narrow contributed to that change. professional engineers are Ed. P eter Taylor's article is online at http://goo.gl/UykQC field of expertise, its role As an example, consider responsible, in every sense
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10 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013
A d ay in the life of geotechs
read w ith interest Peter well b ehind the structure). saying: " Can you come out material h as been removed Taylor's article (Damaging Lastly, there is the all too and tell us what to do?" from site and the builder Excavations, Jan Civil familiar request: "Geotech, You arrive at the all too wants a solution that edition) which is a situation please do a report and familiar 4m vertical cut in doesn't cost anything. The faced by most geotechs on a provide recommendations." clay on a boundary. The conversation from this point regular basis. It reminds me The first we know of works cut has occurred several usually doesn't go well. of several situations I have starting is a call late on a weeks ago and has dried out Noel P erkins, MIEAust had over the years. Friday with rain imminent and cracked, all excavated Herston, Qld One was a residential site where the neighbour has successfully stopped any More w ork needed around adjacent excavations development on the site as the best solution to support endorse t he concerns are i ntended to ensure well c overed by standards the proposed excavation expressed by Peter Taylor the measures described is the effect of changes to is by anchors. In another in your January issue in Mr Taylor's article are foundation moisture caused situation, we were called to regarding the need to followed. Most problems by basement construction, a site where the neighbour protect adjacent properties occur due to a lack of particularly when effective had cut a 4m high vertical from basement construction. understanding of protection drainage is introduced low batter on the rear boundary In Victoria this is a works, particularly on small down, altering foundation of a residential lot - no major issue, as basement projects and the Victorian moisture above. So more council permission, no construction has become Building Commission work needs to be done, temporary support and they commonplace in recent is currently running an both in education and in had several brickies building years. education programme to technical standards. a retaining wall. The only The protection works enhance awareness in this Patrick I rwin, FIEAust solution was "let them finish procedures under the area. Port Melbourne, Vic and repair damage" (it was Victorian Building Act An area that has not been
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Ly 1 800 447 111 (_) c [email protected] {§ e sriaustralia.com.au Qesri A ustralia *Available w hile stocks last. Esri Australia ABN 16 008 852 775 Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 1 Stateo t "do all it could"
to mitigate natural disasters
n t he wake of last month's floods in many Q ueensland communities need a f ailure to act and the cost of just Queensland that were caused by the to be flooded every couple of years, repairing damaged infrastructure intense low of ex tropical cyclone and we must look at ways to build year-in year-out will be much higher. I Oswald, Queensland premier Campbell up our resilience to natural disasters am keen to hear from the community Newman has said the state government or ease the impacts in those areas about what they want and what would "do all it could to prevent and where we can't put an end to the pain," can be delivered, and have an open mitigate the impact of natural disasters Newman said. "If we are going to be mind to all options including levees, in the future". successful, every level of government flood mitigation dams and even the Oswald brought heavy rains in and the private sector need to play relocation of parts of communities. an event that has been estimated to their part in this massive and costly "Building up Queensland's be one-in-200 year in some regions. task." resilience to natural disasters will be Record river levels were recorded in Newman said to lead such efforts, a monumental task, but it is challenge Bundaberg. David Crisafulli would become we can't afford to ignore any longer;" While waters were still receding at state minister for local government, Newman said. the time of writing, Newman made an community recovery and resilience. In the height of the disaster early estimate of the flood damage bill Crisafulli would work in partnership recovery, deputy police commissioner at $2.4 billion - more than that of the with local communities to build up Brett Pointing has been appointed to 2011 disaster. He said while the clear Queensland's resilience to natural lead the rebuilding of the Bundaberg/ immediate priority was ensuring all disasters while taking charge of the North Burnett region. those affected by the floods got back Queensland Reconstruction Authority. Two other disaster recovery on their feet, the long-term focus of Crisafulli is tasked with looking at coordinators have been appointed. all levels of government must shift to simple, practical, cost-effective and Colonel Don Cousins will be minimising the flood impact on towns local solutions to minimise the impact responsible for the north Queensland and vital infrastructure, and "not just of future disasters. region and Brigadier Bill Mellor will constant repair jobs". "The cost of expanding mitigation look after south Queensland. "We simply cannot accept that so projects state-wide will be high, but Each region has unique needs. For
View o nline
Fixing t he washout at Neerkol Bridge, Capricorn Highway is one of the main priorities for Queensland's Transport and Main Roads.
12 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 NEWS
example, Q ueensland Police reported "I'm l eft with no doubt this will be areas like North Bundaberg had no power, water or sewerage, and roads a major recovery and then repair task." had gaping sink-holes (see picture slide-show in digital ea magazine). operators t o access communities remain c losed, including Gympie to Bundaberg Regional Council said: affected by widespread flooding. Rockhampton and between Rosewood "The heavy rainfall in the Bundaberg Transport and Main Roads minister and Toowoomba. region has caused widespread flooding Scott Emerson said: "More than 800km Aurizon, the rail freight company and many roads are still closed because of roads across the state have reopened managing the 2670km central of the effects of this flooding." in the past 48 hours, kick-starting Queensland coal network that links Also in the Wide Bay-Burnett major economic lifelines. mines to coal ports at Bowen, Mackay region, around 50,000 Ergon Energy "One of my major priorities at the and Gladstone, said with floodwaters customers had their power supply moment is reopening the Capricorn now starting to recede in the majority affected by either the destructive wind Highway, west of Rockhampton, where of areas, a proper assessment of the or flooding. This included substations floodwaters have washed away the damage to the network could be made. inundated by water. Neerkol Bridge;" he said. Aurizon network executive vice Ergon Energy southern service He said all impacted roads and president Mike Carter said: "While delivery general manager Paul Jordon bridges were undergoing a full safety the extent of the damage is not as said more than 200 personnel were assessments. Transport and Main bad as 2011 and the majority of our working on power restoration over the Roads engineers were assessing and network is unaffected, a number first weekend of February. prioritising damage to roads, culverts, of parts of the network have been "This is a major structured incident drainage systems, bridges, signage, impacted. Fortunately, the Newlands response and our best people are lighting, guardrails and marine and Goonyella systems are operating focusing on the job at hand," he said. infrastructure. normally. However, further south both "We have local crews as well as crews "This morning I saw first-hand from Cairns, Townsville, Mackay, the damage to the Bruce, Burnett the Moura and Blackwater systems Toowoomba, the Darling Downs, and Capricorn highways near remain closed." Maranoa, and Energex crews from Rockhampton and I'm left with no On the Moura system the track Brisbane. Progress reports from the doubt this will be a major recovery and was damaged in a variety of locations, field are indicating some significant then repair task," Emerson said. "This with around 3km of full earthworks gains over the next [few] days." will come on top of the more than 689 formation washed out in one section. By Friday 1 February, the projects that are still to be completed Aurizon said recovery will require Queensland Department of Transport state-wide following the damage caused the full replacement of all track and and Main Roads said most of by flooding in 2010, 2011 and 2012." earthworks before the system can be Queensland's major road freight routes On the rail network, a number reopened. It expected this work will be had reopened allowing heavy vehicle of passenger and freight routes completed by the end of the month.
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Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 13
NEWS
Stage t wo desalination
expansion enters commissioning
ommissioning h as commenced Australia h as declined by up to 15% components o f the project have been C on the expansion of the Southern since 1975 and run-off into Perth's purchased from around the world Seawater desalination plant, dams has correspondingly decreased from suppliers such as ABB, Siemens, marking a major milestone towards by more than half. In 2010, the region Flowserve, KSB, Toray, and numerous supplying 50% of Perth's integrated experienced its worst dam inflows on others. In terms of local delivery, water supply scheme requirement record, followed by the second worst Cadee said 87% of the total money through desalination. in 2012." spent on stage two has been outlaid The Western Australian Last year, stage one of the Southern in Australia, with nearly 60% of that government's $450 million plant Seawater desalination plant was amount going to Western Australian expansion received its first seawater awarded the Global Water Award businesses. through its intake in January. Premier 2012 - Desalination Plant of the Year, "Challenges for stage two of the Colin Barnett and water minister Bill with judges saying the plant was "the plant have included a shorter delivery Marmion were on site to activate the new champion of green desalination period, less room to operate onsite (we flow of seawater into the facility. movement". The plant delivers water were building stage two on the stage "When the expanded plant is fully into the integrated water supply one laydown area), interfaces required operational we will have the capacity scheme which supplies 1.7 million to integrate the stage two services to provide about half of Perth's people in Perth, Mandurah and parts into stage one and the need to avoid water needs via climate-independent of the southwest, and is also connected impacting on production from stage desalination," Barnett said. to the Goldfields and agricultural water one of the plant while constructing The desalination plant in Binningup, supply scheme. stage two," said Cadee. 130km south of Perth, is expanding The plant has been delivered by the Work continues on the expansion from 50GL/a to 100GL/a. With the Southern Seawater Alliance, which of the Southern Seawater desalination output from the southern plant and includes the Water Corporation, plant, with the delivery of four large another 45GL/a available from Perth's Technicas Reunidas, Valorizia, AJ water pumps to improve the long-term seawater desalination plant, Marmion Lucas and WorleyParsons. Major efficiency of the plant expected from said the supply and security of subcontractors on stage two of the Germany late-January. Cadee said the desalination has proved invaluable in plant include Downer, AGC, Altype new pumps will be installed and then Western Australias changing climate. Engineering, Derek Gee and PMT tested in March and the first drinking The southwest has experienced Tanks. More than 600 people are water is expected to be delivered to the step-change reductions in rainfall and currently working at the site. integrated water supply scheme shortly the Water Corporation said: "Rainfall Water Corporation general manager afterwards. in the southwest corner of Western acquisition Keith Cadee said key
The s econd stage expansion of the Southern Seawater desalination plant entered commissioning last month with its first intake of seawater. Proto: W ater Corporation
14 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013
New h ousing for students
he $ 54 million University im [ l p MN Terraces residential student I “I" l ~ ii accommodation facility at the All | University of NSW, Kensington campus | ”l M f [W R has been completed in time for the I "I“ M 2013 s chool year. by Ct,. Owned and operated by UNSW, the project was completed by Brookfield feet" Multiplex in just 13 months. It - comprises two separate seven level buildings providing 371 self-contained studio, one bedroom and two bedroom apartments for students, with many . l featuring balconies to help maximise frt" natural light to living spaces. f ELL?! Designed by Francis-Jones Morehen not Thorp ( FJIMT), the complex meets New student accommodation has been developed in less than 13 months at UNSW. the requirements for a 5 Star Green Star rating. It showcases a number In addition, there is a percolation/ flexible spaces, individual work zones of environmentally sustainable detention tank for stormwater and the ability to host small gatherings. development principles including management. Residents can also enjoy a designated natural ventilation, bore water reuse as It features social meeting spaces student lounge, communal kitchen and well as tenancy controls to minimise throughout the complex, with study laundry facilities, games room, IT lab energy usage for unoccupied spaces. areas offering students fixed and and landscaped areas.
'SQUARE' I MPACT ROLLER
LCOMPAUIHON -
8Call 0 8268 1988 [email protected] I www.broons.com/impact
Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 15
NEWS
Cyclone s helters open
after fast-tracked program
en n ew category five cyclone a c yclone shelter is designed primarily cyclones - E vacuation and shelter. The Tshelters built around the coast of as a last resort option for residents, so structures also needed to incorporate Queensland are being completed conditions are not like an evacuation the ongoing use of the buildings as and opened just 12 months after centre. multipurpose sport facilities. the government of the Emirate of "The cyclone shelter offers very Additional input relating to specific Abu Dhabi donated $30 million to limited space with 1.2m per person. structural engineering design was jointly fund the $60 million cyclone No pets are allowed, and there are provided by consulting engineer Peter shelter program with the Queensland no cooking facilities, with individuals Mullins, author of the cyclone shelter government. needing to supply their own food design guidelines. While no shelters were used in the during their time at the shelter." Meeting the design guidelines, wake of devastation across Queensland The Queensland Department the shelters are capable of providing during cyclone Oswald last month, of Housing and Public Works was protection from winds up to 300km/h, the shelters have been delivered on a responsible for the design of nine of are not vulnerable to landslip and fast-tracked program to be available the 10 new shelters. The only exception creek or river flooding, have the floor for use in this 2012/13 cyclone season. to the standard design was for the level of the shelter building above The cyclone and storm surge season shelter in Cairns, as it needed to be the storm tide level or a one-in-500 officially starts in November and substantially larger to accommodate year defined flood event level, and finishes around the end of April each additional people during a cyclone are located sufficiently away from year. event. This design was managed by significant hazards such as large trees, When the 1500m' Yeppoon shelter Cairns Regional Council. power or communications towers and was opened, Rockhampton Regional All the buildings were designed in potential sources of large wind-borne Council mayor Margaret Strelow noted accordance with the Design guidelines debris. that the difference between a cyclone for Queensland public cyclone shelters A Queensland Department shelter and an evacuation centre is that and Mitigating the adverse impacts of of Housing and Public Works
ages The I ngham State High School cyclone shelter is one of ten built over the past year to accommodate Queenslanders during Category 5 cyclone e vents.
16 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 NEWS
spokesperson s aid the standard design the s ites due to ongoing wet weather Northbuild C onstructions - Port was used for the shelters to allow for conditions. As a result of the high Douglas; VIS Constructions - Tully; a quick delivery in preparation for the rainfall in northern Queensland and AJ Homes - Weipa. The Cairns- 2012/2013 cyclone season. While the between January and April of 2012, Edmonton project contractor is Matrix design was standard, each contractor contractors experienced site access Projects Qld. was required to source material and issues, high water table and "bad" Last month, Queensland premier engage suppliers for their respective ground conditions resulting in delays Campbell Newman officially opened projects. Only a small number of in site mobilisation and construction, the new shelter at Ingham State High materials were specifically requested the spokesperson said. School. He said: "It's been two years in the tender documentation by name However, despite the early since Cyclone Yasi tore through this or brand as they had been tested and challenges faced and time lost in the part of the state, leaving a trail of proven for use in a cyclone. construction program, seven shelters devastation. Shelters like this one are Key to the success of the reached practical completion before an important part of making sure fast-tracked program was good Christmas, Bowen reached practical north Queensland is better protected communication across all contractors, completion early January, and the next time around." the spokesperson said. The lessons remaining shelter in Weipa was Minister for public works Tim learnt in the early stages and expected to reach practical completion Mander noted the features of the throughout the construction period late last month. The Cairns Cyclone building: "As well as providing shelter were able to be shared among the Shelter managed by the Cairns for up to 800 people in a cyclone, contractors, enabling efficiencies in Regional Council is expected to be this building serves as a multipurpose construction. Conducting regular completed in March. sports facility, featuring netball and inspections, as well as ensuring each The contractors on each project basketball courts, a sports lab and team understood expectations, resulted were: Hutchinson - Yeppoon State teaching facilities. The building has a in positive outcomes in a limited High School (Rockhampton); kitchen, a generator room, 10 toilets, timeframe, the spokesperson said. Baulderstone - Ingham State High five showers and two water tanks in This timely delivery was in spite of School and Townsville; Paynter Dixon the roof which are gravity fed to the early delays experienced on many of - Mackay, Bowen and Proserpine; toilets and showers during a cyclone."
Engineering
e ducation precinct Geotechnical I nvestigation
s S outhern Cross University Geotechnical A nalysis commences offering a Pavement I nvestigation Bachelor of Engineering in Engineering R eporting ENGINEERING S ERVICES civil engineering, the university has welcomed the announcement of $28 million in funding for the development SGS, W HEN YOU NEED TO BE SURE .... of a Science and Engineering Precinct SGS E ngineering provides specialist services in Geotechnical, and a new Learning Centre at its Civil and Pavement Engineering fields, site and laboratory Lismore campus. materials testing for mining projects. From exploration and The design repurposes the Greenfield site development through to mine expansion, SGS understands your project is about answers and results. To meet current library into the Science and the challenges of this dynamic sector, we are constantly Engineering Precinct. The total cost expanding our service offering across our global network of of the project, including capital works industry experts and cutting-edge facilities - delivering competitive advantage to you at every stage. and equipment, is expected to be $38 SGS Engineering specialising in remote sites, we work where million and the new development will you n eed us to be ... enable new branches of engineering, and courses in science and regional Ph : 1 300 781 744 - 089378 0100 www.sgs.com.au planning to be introduced in the coming years. Southern Cross University vice chancellor Professor Peter Lee said: "This new development enables us to increase the range of courses we offer in the science and engineering field." It is anticipated the facilities will be completed in 2015.
Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 17
New f reeway opens in Melbourne
he $ 655 million Peninsula Link David S axelby said: "'Under the model, interchanges c onnecting 11 existing toll-free freeway in Victoria was the private sector is responsible for roads, including three freeway to officially opened last month, constructing, financing, operating freeway connections. The project also providing motorists with uninterrupted and maintaining the road, in return includes a 25km walking and cycling driving from Melbourne to the for repayments from the government trail. Mornington Peninsula. over an agreed term. The repayments Abigroup project director Graeme The opening of the freeway marked are subject to successful ongoing Chambers said the main challenge an industry first for significant operations and maintenance, ensuring the project team overcame was Australian infrastructure development that road quality and safety remain the wet weather: "The project was with the project delivered under the high priorities." delivered during the wettest two availability Public-Private-Partnership Saxelby said the project was of years in Melbourne's history and (PPP) model. This model has more immense importance and interest not the city's wettest summer on record. commonly been used for the delivery only to Abigroup, but to the Victorian The on-time delivery in the face of of social infrastructure. government and industry at large, due unprecedented weather really came The project was administered by the to the funding model under which it down to a dedicated and committed Linking Melbourne Authority. It was was delivered. team on the project, and a great delivered by Southern Way, comprising The project was completed in just culture and strong relationships with Abigroup, Bilfinger Berger and the under three years, during which time the stakeholders and suppliers which Royal Bank of Scotland, who financed 3Mm* of earth were moved, 45 bridge enabled the team to ramp up and and will manage the project under structures were built and 407,800t of down as the weather permitted." a PPP agreement with the Victorian asphalt were laid to complete 27km For example, the challenging government for the next 25 years. of two-lane dual carriageway. The weather conditions led to the revision
Abigroup acting managing director project features nine grade separated of the schedule for laying the road
Nat . v ed tagg me " aden e A Fi ~
is
View o nline
The 2 7km freeway from Melbourne to the Mornington Peninsula was delivered under the availability Public-Private-Partnership model.
18 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 NEWS
base. A bigroup, in a sub-alliance and i nstallation process also had an challenge t o provide the number with Boral, laid all the asphalt on the overall lower carbon footprint than of resources required to meet the project in three months as opposed to other materials such as concrete," delivery targets, with the design team the original schedule of 10 months. Chambers said. peaking at well over 100 staff. To The Boral sub-alliance also decided The freeway was designed and built meet this challenge, the design and on the use of open-graded asphalt by Abigroup, with an Aurecon-SKM documentation of six bridges was across the project. Chambers said joint venture providing the principal carried out offshore by Aurecon's the open-graded asphalt wearing design services. Pretoria and SKM's Kuala Lumpar course provides increased safety in The Aurecon-SKM joint venture offices. In addition, design verification wet weather, reduces noise levels said the design of a road project as was provided by several design offices and improves ride quality. As noise large as Peninsula Link was as much around Australia, New Zealand, Hong attenuation was an obligation under a logistical challenge as a technical Kong and South Africa and other the project scope, the open-graded one. This included developing in specialist input or resources were asphalt was used on the entire road excess of 5000 construction drawings provided from almost all of Aurecon base. within a 12 month program and and SKM's other major Australian In terms of innovation, the to exacting quality standards. The offices. Peninsula Link project saw the project was broken down into design Companies involved in other development and introduction packages consisting of, for example, specific aspects and elements of of a new product in noise wall individual bridges, side roads, 5km the design process include Golder construction called polyethylene sections of freeway and sections of Associates (geotechnical), ARM (urban panels. Approximately 5000 panels drainage design. In total there were design), Phil Liston & Associates/ were produced and installed at various approximately 110 packages. Urbis (landscape architect), Biosis sections along the freeway. With the design progressing Research (ecological specialist), Arup Chambers said the lightweight on multiple fronts simultaneously, Acoustics (acoustic engineer), ITS panels replaced the traditional concrete Aurecon-SKM joint venture said - Tyco (design and install), Traffic noise wall panels, with benefits one of the biggest challenges was Works (road safety audits), Aquas including a manufacturing process ensuring that changes to one package (O&M safety audits), and CPG that allows architectural features to be were communicated to other teams (lighting, traffic signals, signs and line- produced on both sides and a non- impacted by this change. This involved marking). porous nature that makes them easier six design review gates for each Now construction is complete, the to handle and maintain. package prior to being issued for freeway moves into operations and "The hollow, light weight nature of construction. maintenance phase for the next 25 the panels makes them easier and safer Even with the combined resources years. This will be managed by Lend to handle and install, speeding up the of two major consultants, Aurecon- Lease's infrastructure services business. installation process. The manufacture SKM joint venture said it was a major
EFIC ? "' E FIC DID MORE THAN SUPPLY Export F inance & Insurance Corporation GUARANTEES AND BONDS.
THEY GAVE US THE
SUPPORT TO GROW."
Ben A damson, Director, Refrigeration Engineering
Read o ur story at efic.gov.au/ea
Overcoming f inancial barriers for exporters
Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 19
NEWS
Timber h igh-rise to open in Melbourne
he f irst timber high-rise used e xtensively in Europe for the past different g rades of top layer - non- Tapartment project in Australia, decade, Lend Lease said on a weight- visual, industrial grade visual and and the tallest in the world, is to-strength basis CLT meets and in domestic grade visual. Panels are cut in the final stages of completion in some cases exceeds the performance of and processed using CNC technologies. Victoria Harbour, Melbourne and is set reinforced concrete, resulting in a very The CLT panels can be used for all to open later this month. A showcase stable and durable structure. elements of a building's superstructure project for using cross laminated The CLT used in the construction - walls, floors and roofs. timber (CLT), the $11 million Forté of Forté was manufactured by KLH Lend Lease is touting CLT as high-rise is being constructed by Lend Massivholz in Austria. Lend Lease told "one of the most significant forms of Lease and has been described as a The Australian Building Regulation innovation in construction technology building "where modern architecture Bulletin, published by the Australian that Australia has seen in many meets a natural building material Building Codes board, that the CLT years'". The company said the product which will unlock a new era in the panels are predominantly produced is set to transform the building and future of sustainable development". in Europe with the timber sourced construction industry by introducing Forté aspires to be the first 5 Star from sustainably managed forests. more efficient and environmentally Green Star As Built residential building The timber is kiln-dried finger jointed friendly construction process and in the country. It rises over 10 levels, spruce/fir planks bonded together to finished building product. offering 23 residential apartments as produce a solid timber panel. As CLT is an innovative and well as ground floor retail. Woodsolutions.com.au said CLT sustainable product from overseas and The ground floor and first floor slab should not be thought of as a timber does not yet fit in with any guidelines is constructed of traditional concrete frame product, but as a timber panel within the National Construction while the upper levels, including the product that has similar characteristics Code Series, Lend Lease analysed its lift shaft and fire stair shaft have all to that of a precast concrete panel. compliance with the performance data been constructed from CLT. Already The panels can be supplied with three within Volume One of the Building Code of Australia. Lend Lease told The Australian Building Regulation Bulletin that for Forté, the key areas that needed to be considered and analysed included structural provisions; protection from subterranean termites; fire; damp and weatherproofing; sound transmission and insulation; and energy efficiency provisions. For example, Lend Lease said the fire ratings and combustibility of CLT is usually one of the key initial questions raised by many in Australia. However, the company said the charring rates and overseas research note that CLT performs more like traditional non-combustible material than a combustible one in a fire scenario. Building with CLT is becoming increasingly popular overseas in other residential developments, such as London's Bridport House and Stadhause Murray Grove. Following on from Forté in Victoria Harbour, Lend Lease said it saw the possibility to develop up to 30-50% of its apartment pipeline using CLT and also Cross l aminated timber has been used in the construction of a development in Melbourne saw applications elsewhere across the that is set to become the tallest timber high-rise in the world. organisation.
20 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 NEWS
National b odies remove
state inconsistencies
fter m ore than five years of by J uly, once all state and territory Western A ustralia before the end of the Anegotiations between the governments have passed the necessary year. The Australian Transport Safety federal, state and territory enabling legislation. Bureau will take over rail accident governments, three new national Albanese said benefits that investigations, and will be known as regulators are to start operations in will begin to flow include a the National Rail Safety Investigator. the coming months, removing the national approach to heavy vehicle Albanese said the national rail burden of inconsistent state laws and configuration and a universal reforms will mean operators will only regulations around transport. interpretation of when drivers should pay a single annual accreditation fee As of last month, the National start counting driving hours from covering all operations (locally and Heavy Vehicle Regulator and National rest breaks within a 24 hour period, nationally) and there will be a single Rail Safety Regulator commenced eliminating the confusion around national safety compliance approach operations. The third national existing fatigue laws. which will replace the inconsistent regulator, the existing Australian process of multiple audits etc, under Maritime Safety Authority, will assume the various state-based regulators. its greater regulatory responsibilities Significantly for railway engineers for all commercial vessels operating in around the country, a nationally Australian waters from March. consistent rail communication and "More t han a century By the end of this year, the existing signalling system will replace the 22 23 separate state and federal regulators after Federation, Australia existing systems. covering heavy vehicles, rail safety The rail industry welcomed "the and maritime safety, along with their will finally have a truly long awaited and much anticipated" own array of regulations, will cease national transport commencement of both the National operations. In their place, these three Rail Safety Regulator and the National national bodies will each administer system." Rail Safety Investigator. one set of modern, nationwide laws. "This is the biggest thing to happen Federal minister for infrastructure to rail in Australia since the standard and transport Anthony Albanese said: gauge national network was completed "More than a century after Federation, almost a decade ago," Australasian Australia will finally have a truly Railway Association (ARA) chief national transport system." nBased i Adelaide, the National executive Bryan Nye said. Based in Brisbane, the National Rail Safety Regulator will initially have "The old days of the states Heavy Vehicle Regulator will have regulatory responsibility for railways setting their own unique laws and responsibility for registration and in South Australia, NSW, Tasmania the resultant regulatory burden this regulations covering all heavy vehicles and the Northern Territory. This will created, are almost behind us." over 4.5t. It will be fully operational extend to Victoria, Queensland and
The celebrate t he excellence of concrete design and construction in the public arena. The Awards provide opportunity t o be recognised by your peers and benefit from the publicity and kudos that come with winning. Enter n ow at or e mail
CCAA P ublic Domain Awards 2013
¢ C CAA ‘0 PublicDomain AWARDS *o T be eligible, projects must have been completed between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2013.
Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 21
NEWS
ke
Hiding c onstruction work with advertising
The7 $ million multi-storey developed b y IPS Media, who looked after the l arge Bondi Beach crowds expected redevelopment of North Bondi Surf Club permissions and arrangements with the throughout the summer period. is exhibiting a new way of covering a builders, scaffolders and installers. "The site is an unprecedented construction site in Australia by using the IPS Media founder Marc Caldera said: opportunity for brands to be part of one scaffold surrounding the site as a massive "The material the advertisement is of Australia's most iconic locations," open canvas on which to advertise. printed on is a mesh and has to be to Copley said. With scaffold fabric wrapping a typical allow the wind pass through. It can be While these types of temporary sites are worksite for shade or fall protection used instead of the scrim or shade cloth, quite common in the US and Europe, this purposes, specialist communication however [at Bondi] we do also have wire was a first for Posterscope in Australia agency Posterscope worked with outdoor fencing behind our advertising." and Copley saw plenty of opportunity advertising company IPS Media, printing The campaign has been declared one to look for other construction sites company Omnigraphics, and media of Australia's largest ever "out-of-home depending on the quality of the site, and agency MPG in early January to drape [advertising] executions". considering such characteristics as the the construction scaffold with a massive Posterscope managing director Joe Copley size, shape, visibility, and location. advertisement. said the scaffold structure provided a "CBDs or iconic locations such as Bondi Advertising on the mesh placed around billboard opportunity measuring more are the most likely locations to raise the scaffold of the construction site was than 600m. The site also capitalises on interest," he said.
Practice n otes on fire safety
wo e ngineering practice notes on of F ire Safety can download the Areas c urrently under review Tfire safety are now available to all publications free of charge from the include safety, feasibility studies, members of Engineers Australia. society website www.sfs.com.au. retaining walls, cabling for They are titled Practice note for design These practice notes are part of communications, and construction fires and Practice note for fire and a drive by Engineers Australia to agreements. life safety in existing buildings during reinvigorate its publishing activities of Members are invited to suggest construction. Published last March technical material that assists members subjects from their areas of expertise by the NSW chapter of Engineers in their engineering practice. which they believe would be suitable Australia's Society for Fire Safety, Other Engineers Australia technical for practice notes and technical they can now be purchased through societies and colleges are now also guidelines. Suggestions can be sent Engineers Australias engineering exploring areas in their respective to Dr Dietrich Georg at dietrichg@ bookshop EA Books (www.eabooks disciplines where new practice notes engineersmedia.com.au or phone 02 .com.au). Members of the Society and guidelines would be beneficial. 9438 1533.
22 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013
NEWSN I BRIEF
_Daily i ndustry news service
Engineers A ustralia's website (www. Australia. M embers can also allowed E ngineers Media to publish engineersaustralia.org.au) now subscribe to the news RSS feed on the many more news items than could features a daily industry news service home page. appear in its print only publications. delivered by Engineers Media, EA director of marketing Jamie In addition, all news items are publisher of Engineers Australia Penrose said the new service is an categorised by topic. Visit any section magazine. example of EA's drive to deliver of the website (eg colleges and Visit the home page and click greater value to members and would divisions) to find local/topical news. "view all news" to see items covering be followed up with other online This page below summarises some major projects and engineering services in the future. of the news items appearing on the developments, along with other Engineers Media managing editor website that are not already covered news content supplied by Engineers Dr Tim Kannegieter said the service earlier in this issue.
MN T he Collins Report inquiring Coast U niversity Hospital, a public- More i nformation: http://goo.gl/ZGiZe. into NSW construction industry private partnership between the N A bigroup Contractors has been insolvencies over the last three Exemplar Health Consortium and selected as the preferred tenderer to years has been released by the the Queensland state government, has design and build the Nambucca Heads NSW Department of Finance and opened applications for 230 contracts to Urunga upgrade of the Pacific Services. The inquiry was chaired for the construction of the hospital. Highway on the NSW north coast. by Bruce Collins and contains 44 The Exemplar Health consortium More information: http://goo.gl/sP3kN. recommendations for change. More comprises of Lend Lease, Capella N L eighton Contractors has been information: http://goo.gl/cwDlj. Capital, Siemens and Spotless. The contract work packages currently awarded a $923 million contract by M T he international infrastructure required are for: the main hospital JKC Australia LNG to undertake group Balfour Beatty is partnering building, a facilities management main civil works at the Ichthys project with Transfield Services to bid for centre, a mental health unit, two onshore LNG facilities in Blaydin future state government outsourcing carparks, roads and infrastructure Point, Darwin, Northern Territory. opportunities in highway maintenance services, duplication of Kawana Way, More information: http://goo.gl/LGipe. on Australia's east coast. This is in and project wide procurement deals. N E ngineering and project services light of NSW, Queensland and Victoria More information: http://goo.gl/auZhv. company Clough has announced reforms which aim to reduce the cost the $14 million acquisition of e20, a of providing public services. More N L eighton Contractors' Papua provider of specialised commissioning, information: http://goo.gl/nBYZo. New Guinean operation has been completions and hazardous area MN T he Western Australia awarded an A$200 million contract to inspection services to the energy and government is now accepting construct a new permanent head office resources sectors. More information: design proposals for a $250 million for Esso Highlands in Port Moresby, http://goo.gl/g47Nq. Wellington Street bus station PNG. Construction on the head underground terminal, of which the office is expected to commence this construction contract alone is worth year, More information: http://goo.gl/ $175 million. More information: http:// Em78C. Correction goo.gl/uvgA6. WN V ictorian government owned n t he January issue of Engineers MN A $ 90 million rail infrastructure Central Highlands Water has I Australia magazine, the article contract for the Gosford Passing awarded a three-year engineering "Guilty plea to registration Loops project north of Sydney has support services contract to MWH breach" correctly noted: "No been awarded to Downer EDL. Global. MWH Global will supply conviction was recorded." However, Downer EDI will be responsible asset management, planning, design later in the article a sentence began for the design and construction of and construction services. More with: "After the conviction ...". two new passing rail loops between information: http://goo.gl/4Y5b0. This sentence should have started: Gosford and Narara. The contract N T he Water Corporation of "After the court proceedings ... ". is for earthworks, civil construction Western Australia has announced work Engineers Media apologises of track, bridges and retaining walls, had started to reline the main sewer for any confusion this may have signalling and electrification works, in Northbridge, Perth, to extend the caused and any distress felt by and commissioning. More information: life of the infrastructure by at least 50 John Ruffini. http://goo.gl/J1Dzm. years. The work is being carried out by MN T he new $1.8 billion Sunshine Interflow using trenchless technology.
Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 23 PEOPLE
Email c hanges in key engineering personnel to [email protected]
for t he Isis Enterprise basedt a Curtin University. consultancy business. With a career spanning Ujvary was previously more than two decades Australian representative of in the global oil and gas investment bank Ferghana industry, Truijens has been Partners. She also holds an with Woodside since 2005. MBA from the University of MN C hris Fitzhardinge Adelaide. and David Singleton Tom A lbanese ath Proto: Rio Tinto N A gricultural engineer have joined the board Dr Neil Southorn has of Engineers Australia's N T om Albanese stepped down as chief executive of been appointed as director, Centre for Engineering Rio Tinto after the company announced a US$14 billion sustainable development Leadership and writedown after tax in its full year 2012 results. The at Griffith City Council Management, while David company said the impairments include US$3 billion lost in NSW. He was formerly Hudson has retired from from the value of its Mozambique coal operation and lecturer in agricultural the board after six years of US$10 billionUS$11 billion lost from the value of its engineering at Hawkesbury service. aluminium a ssets. and Orange Agricultural WN E ngineering consultant Albanese h olds a master degree in mining Colleges, and policy Lindsay Dynan has engineering and a bachelor degree in mineral economics planning manager at appointed structural from the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Shoalhaven City Council. He is replaced by the company's iron ore chief engineer Dr John Mullard MN E lectrical engineers executive Sam Walsh, who holds a commerce degree. as an associate in Newcastle. Professor BaNgu Vo He has over ten years of and Professor BaTuong experience in construction, Vo have joined Curtin design and engineering the b ody responsible for University's Department of N G lobal engineering management. implementing the WA Electrical and Computer and consulting firm MWH Mullard will also take government's program to Engineering, bringing with Global has named chemical part in research and develop regional centres in them expertise in largescale engineer Mark Bruzzone teaching at the University of the Pilbara. surveillance technologies. as Australia regional Newcastle. director of government and King holds tertiary The brothers received the infrastructure. qualifications in mechanical 2010 Australian Museum N O liver Mitrvoski has Bruzzone joined MWH engineering and teaching. Eureka Prize for outstanding been appointed general manager manufacturing at in 2001 as a principal WN I sis Innovation, science in support of process engineer. He the technology transfer defence or national security. Pearls MiiHome, which previously worked at Sydney company of the University MN M artijn Truijens provides modular buildings. Water. of Oxford, is expanding its has been appointed Mitrovski holds qualifications in rN D Ken King has been activities in Australasia with Adjunct Professor at the manufacturing engineering, appointed chief executive the appointment of chemical Australasian Joint Research officer of the Pilbara engineer Helen Ujvary as Centre for Building manufacturing management Development Commission, Australian representative Information Modelling, and applied science. N A ustralian civil engineer Dr Bruce Sharp has been invested with the grade of Knight in the Royal Order of the Noor of Buayan for & his continuing work as a volunteer on hydroelectric 2 . projects in the Philippines. The order has been established by the Royal House of Buayan from the \\\\\\ m island of Mindanao in the M ark Bruzzone Dr K en King Helen U jvary Philippines.
24 C ivil Engineers Australia February 2013
PEOPLE
Australia D ay honours
for e ngineers
numberf o engineers received e_ S andy Longworth e_ W arrant Officer Class One Stephen A awards in the 2012 Australia < Emeritus Professor Owen Potter Greenall Day Honours for achievement < Professor Anne Simmons e Squadron Leader Ravinder Singh. in their professional roles or for <- Graham Spurling. The Public Service Medal was services to the community. Member (AM) of the Order of awarded to Guillermo Capati. Officer (AO) in the general division of Australia in the military division was The Conspicuous Service Cross was the Order Of Australia was awarded to: awarded to Major General Stephen awarded to: &_ Professor John Argue Day. & Lieutenant Colonel Matthew e_ Clive Weeks. Medal (OAM) of the Order Of Thomson Member (AM) of the Order of Australia in the general division was <- Commander Timothy Standen Australia in the general division was awarded to: < Wing Commander Paul Parolo awarded to: <_ Major Norman Ford (retired) The Conspicuous Service Medal was e_ Keith Collett e Russell Loane awarded to: & Tan Croser & Peter Mill « Corporal Adam Eagle <- Dr David Evans e Alan Rae. e_ Warrant Officer Class One < Eric Goodwin Medal (OAM) of the Order Of Christopher Tuddenham &_ Professor Ian Goulter Australia in the military division was *e Squadron Leader Sheena Oldridge <_ Adjunct Professor David Hood awarded to: e- Warrant Officer Jason Stone. e- Kenneth Johnson e_ Chief Petty Officer Arron Watson More details at bit.ly/127ZLpa.
Nominations i nvited for
Australia's most influential engineers
Engineers A ustralia magazine is now compiling its 2013 list of Australia's 100 most i nfluential engineers. The list contains engineers who are currently -a o ) c omte. influential i n industry, academia/research, consulting, innovation/expertise, public service, and community, as well as politics and other areas of society. The list australia nfocuses o present influence rather than past achievements. Nominations s hould include the nominee's current position (including details of responsibility) a nd justification for why the person is influential. TOP We a re encouraging nominations for younger engineers who are influential for their age (particularly in the innovation/expertise category) and also engineers who are a ctive in the community. 0) Nominations s hould be sent to [email protected]. Please a ddress the criteria set out at www.engineersmedia.com.au/top100web.html. The d eadline is 8 March. AUSTRALIAS M OST INEFLUENTIAL ENGINEERS The C entre for Engineering Leadership and Management is the proud sponsor of Engineers Australia magazine's @ 2013 list of Australia's Top 100 most influential engineers. ENGINEERS A USTRALIA
Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 25
eMe m b r Rupert Grayston & Deputy chief executive Services of Engineers Australia.
Customer s ervice excellence arrives
n0 2 November 2012 Engineers Australia launched Secondly, t o deliver excellent service we are enabling the long-awaited eChartered product, our online our member service officers around Australia to work system for chartered applications. Within a few together as a team with collective training and support days over a thousand members were using the system systems, for more consistent enquiry response. The and although it performed well, our phones and email first step is a new phone system that arrives this month lines started to hum with queries and minor issues. Then bringing new functionality. Our next step will be to start something exceptional started to happen. centralising more of our member enquiries to a phone As members called in with questions on the many pool serviced by the team nationally, and monitoring call parts of the process and the dozens of web screens, nine waiting times and first-contact resolution. times out of ten the member service person who answered Finally to deliver excellent service our front-line people the phone could directly resolve the matter. Others were need the knowledge to answer our members' questions. promptly assisted by technical experts or received prompt Our new systems will allow our member service staff email responses. Members found that not only was to readily advise an individual how their application is eChartered user-friendly, but our front-line people already progressing, what online services they are subscribing to or seemed to know the new system from end to end! So is whether they should have received a technical journal in this a sign of a new level of member service at Engineers the mail. They will also be able to forward more complex Australia? queries to technical experts and track the response. We The new Member Engagement business unit that I successfully applied this approach to the eChartered now lead has been tasked with strengthening the member product support, but did not yet have the benefit of the service and value we deliver, We are delivering a Member knowledge and case management systems that are being Value Strategy based on three key ideas. We aim to ensure built in 2013. that we: During the eChartered launch our member service <_ Value our members with excellent service and member people around the country knew the product via training experiences workshops, screenshots of web forms, structured FAQs < Deliver valued services and products to our members and a process in which we captured the knowledge from < Provide good value for member fees and charges. system experts and structured it for quick recall. Over In this article I will explore the first key idea and reveal how the next year or so we will repeat this process across we are building a new level of service and member experience. each of our functional areas, while continuing to build We are tackling this in a number of ways. the supporting systems. Our aim during 2013 is for more Firstly, we are building systems to understand and and more members to have great experiences when they respond to our members as individuals. The world of contact us with member service enquiries. engineering is diverse and ever-changing and Engineers In this article I have discussed the first key idea in our Australia in engaged in a bewildering range of activities. member value strategy, of building a new level of service Each of our members has an individual and evolving set of and member experience. We have made a good start with interests and needs, so we want to tailor the information our service delivery theme. This will be a work in progress and communications we offer. This is where technology through 2013 and beyond as we continue to build our steps in. systems, and set service monitors and measures. Service The new computer systems we are building will allow is, however, only part of the picture in building member a member to readily choose and change between many value. We also need substance behind the service and must technical and other areas of interest, how they like to provide things that members need and value. This is the receive information and what services they want to second key idea in our member value strategy and I will subscribe to or opt out of. As a first step we are revamping explore this further in a future issue of the magazine. M our division newsletters to a digital format with web site links to events and further information. This has been piloted in WA Division for some months with positive member feedback and is being progressively rolled out to other divisions.
26 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013
EAs i running nanotechnology work health Award 2 013, and RTSA Individual Award 2013 - e mbracing the challenges and opportunities and safety seminars. The seminars are 21 Mar are now open. Nominations close 22 Feb. For more conference has been issued. Submissions are due in Canberra and 29 Apr in Brisbane. For more information: rtsa.com.au/awards. Feb 22, with the conference being held 10 May in information: www.engineersaustralia.org.au/ Nominations f or the 2013 Young Environmental Hobart. For more information: www.airah.org.au/ events/nanotechnology-work-health-and-safety- Engineer of the Year are now open. Nominations iMIS15_Prod/AIRAH. seminar. close 28 February. For more information: www. A c all for papers is now open for the 2013 Registrations a re open for the National Electrical engineersaustralia.org.au/environmental-college/ International Conference on Radar. Paper Building Services and Industrial Installations awards. topics may include radar systems technologies, (NEBSII) Conference and Exhibition 2013, Sydney signal design, modelling and management with from 16-18 Apr. For more information: www. submissions due by 28 Feb. For more information: engineersaustralia.org.au/nebsil. A c all for abstracts for AIRAH's Refrigeration 2013 www.aomevents.com/Radar2013/Call_for_Papers. The M ining, Electrical and Mining Mechanical Engineering Society (MEMMES) Convention 2013 will be held on 19-20 Apr at Crowne Plaza Hotel, Hunter Valley. For more information: www. engineersaustralia.org.au/memmes-convention. Engineering E ducation Australia, Engineers Austra- www.eeaust.com.au/online-diploma-project- The 1 5th Australian International Aerospace lia's subsidiary company organising a wide range m anagement. Congress will be held from 25-28 Feb in of professional development courses, seminars and This s eries of 3 one-day workshops on Becoming Melbourne. For more information: www.aiac15. other events. To register for any of its courses go to Chartered: Writing Competency will be held in com/invitation. www.eeaust.com.au. A// courses are eligible for Adelaide on 28 Feb and Sydney 14 Mar. For more CPD points. Upcoming courses include: The 2 013 Sir Eric Neal Address will be held on 27 information: www.eeaust.com.au/eChartered- Feb by the EA South Australia Division. For more The D iploma of Project Management is for Writing-Series. information: www.engineersaustralia.org.au/ project managers who are "currently" or "soon A two day course called Writing Winning events/2013-sir-eric-neal-address. to be" managing projects from an "end to end" Technical Documents will be run in Adelaide on perspective. It is delivered in the context of The 9 th Annual Australian Roads Summit is to 27-28 Feb, Brisbane 6-7 Mar, and Perth 21-22 engineering, over a 12-month period, within a be held from 27 Feb-1 Mar in Melbourne. For more Mar. For more information: www.eeaust.com.au/ structured online environment (including online information: www.acevents.com.au/roads. Writing-Winning-Technical-Documents. assessment s upport). For more information:
Nominations f or the RTSA Graduate Engineer Inquiries: E ngineering Education Australia 03 9274 9600, email [email protected], web www.eeaust.com.au Award 2013, RTSA Young Railway Engineer
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Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 27
COVER S TORY
lessons f rom
At 4 :35am on 4 September 2010, an earthquake of magnitude
7.1 struck Christchurch and the surrounding Canterbury region
in New Zealand. The earthquake was succeeded by aftershocks
that are still continuing. The aftershocks have included four other
major earthquakes on 26 December 2010, and 22 February, 13
June and 23 December 2011. The 22 February event was the most
destructive, killing 185 people. The earthquakes also caused major
damage to the Christchurch CBD, with the total number of buildings
needing to be demolished estimated at around 1100.
by K irill Reztsov
ew Z ealand established a Royal Commission of ableo t learn from it," she said. "If we did have such an event Inquiry on 11 April 2011 to report on the causes in one of our capital cities, it would be difficult to recover for of building failure as a result of the earthquakes, quite some time." as well as the legal and best-practice requirements The first of the earthquakes investigated by the Royal Com- for buildings in New Zealand CBDs. The findings have been mission, the 4 September 2010 event, occurred in an area of reported in seven volumes, the latest of which were released relatively low seismic activity. Its return period has been esti- in December 2012. mated at 8000 years. The most destructive of the earthquakes, According to Rob Heywood, deputy chair of Engineers Aus- which occurred on 22 February 2011, ruptured a previously tralia's Structural College, the Canterbury earthquakes present unknown fault. a challenge to the engineering profession because the buildings "As the fault has no surface expression, it is very difficult to were subjected to forces beyond the "ultimate limit state" they determine a return period;" the commission report said. Heywood noted that rather than the first earthquake, it was had been designed for. one of the aftershocks (the 22 February 2011 event) that caused Despite the different seismic conditions in New Zealand, the most damage. Heywood said the earthquakes were lessons for Australia because Goldsworthy said that the shallow Canterbury earthquakes they collapsed or seriously damaged structures constructed have more in common with the intra-plate earthquakes that using materials and technologies common in Australia today. happen in Australia such as in 1989 in Newcastle than deep Very r are events plate-boundary earthquakes that typically occur in New Zealand. According to Associate Professor Helen Goldsworthy from the "We have faults in capital cities in Australia and they are University of Melbourne, while buildings in Australia can be capable of generating damaging shallow earthquakes similar expected to withstand a low-level earthquake, the crux of the to the ones in Christchurch," Goldsworthy said. problem is designing for very rare events. "The Christchurch Goldsworthy said that currently in Australia a design earth- earthquake was a very rare event. That's why I think it's so valu- quake at the ultimate limit state for most buildings is one that has
28 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013
COVER S TORY
hristchurch
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hosnes T 1DH U 2450000000... % . =. . a 1 0% chance of being exceeded in 50 years. "That's a low-level event, l arger than what we were designing for. What would earthquake," she said. By comparison, in the US structures are happen? We need to study that on a community-wide basis." generally designed to remain "life-safe" for two-thirds of the Training, r egistration and ethics ground motion of a maximum considered earthquake, which The Royal Commission also looked at the performance of the is defined to have a 2% chance of exceedance in 50 years, and engineering profession itself and has identified deficiencies in to meet the performance objective of "collapse prevention" for the training, registration and ethics of professional engineers. the maximum considered earthquake. According to the commission, the majority of cases of poor In an area where big earthquakes occur often, like California, building performance were due to either a failure to recognise the difference between a 2% and a 10% exceedance event may the weakness of the foundation soils or failure to adequately be small, but there is usually a large difference between the two allow for fundamental aspects of structural behaviour. For ex- earthquake levels in areas of low and moderate seismicity like ample, the CTV building, which collapsed killing 115 people, the east and mid-west of the US and Australia, Goldsworthy neglected "equilibrium requirements for the transfer of inertial said. "For most buildings in Australia we don't require designers forces between the floors and the structural walls" and did not to consider performance under a very rare event such as the consider load paths through the beam/column joints. maximum considered event;" she said. "For seismic design, there is a further basic design requirement While she does not say Australia should copy US practices, associated with ductility and capacity design. This requirement Goldsworthy believes the design level earthquake should be is that structural details must not lead to excessive strain con- reassessed. Australia should also define a "very rare" earthquake centration in an element, in comparison to the strain capacity and set minimum performance requirements for buildings in of the material. Structural designers have been slow to identify such an event. many aspects of this problem, but the performance of buildings "We haven't looked at what would happen if one of these in Christchurch has highlighted it," the commission report said. faults ruptured close to a city and there was a large magnitude It concluded that "structural designers of buildings where Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 29 COVER S TORY seismic c onsiderations dominate the structural design re- needo t improve structural engineering education in Australia. quirements need to have a good basic understanding of the In an article in the Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, fundamental requirements for design, and of the assumptions Vol 13 No 2, she proposed that Australian structural engineers inherent in seismic analysis. In addition, the designer needs should follow their New Zealand colleagues lead in being to have a good grasp of the strut and tie approach to design, trained to incorporate reliable ductility where necessary to help together with the compatibility and load path requirements for a structure withstand a very rare earthquake without collapse. concrete and steel structures". "Displacement-based methods to assess building performance Futhermore, "the current arrangements for assessing and when subjected to a very rare earthquake event should become ensuring professional competence are very reliant on competence a routine part of the structural design," the paper said. assessment in practice areas that are defined in wide terms". Goldsworthy and her colleagues at the University of Mel- The Royal Commission said that it is currently not necessary bourne teach postgraduate-level subjects on earthquake-resistant to be a chartered professional engineer, a member of the In- design and extreme loading. She told Engineers Australia that stitution of Professional Engineers New Zealand or even hold most undergraduate courses "are not going to be looking at an engineering degree to design a building. what happens when you push a building to an extreme level". The commission heard evidence that structural engineering "Designers must have some knowledge of what sort of content of a civil engineering degree has been decreasing in construction is resilient to earthquakes and what isn't, so they order for other subject material to be included. However, rather can assess how their building would behave if a very large than recommending changes to the bachelor of engineering earthquake did occur close-by. It gives them a much better degree, the Royal Commission focussed on the training engi- insight into structural behaviour. I think it's a good education neers receive after graduation. to have," she said. "The Royal Commission is of the opinion that postgraduate "A lot of our engineering firms are international enterprises training for engineers is an essential factor in developing and and engineers from those firms might work in Indonesia or New maintaining competence. We encourage the ongoing provision Zealand, so having this sort of knowledge is important I think." of continuing education through provision of block courses at In New Zealand the title of chartered professional engineer the tertiary institutions, the tailoring of courses to those who are (CPEng) is protected by legislation and CPEngs have to be working, and mentoring within engineering firms. Engineering registered and fulfil minimum requirements. The commission consultancies should encourage their engineering staff to take heard evidence that it is more likely that engineers are perform- membership in the engineering profession's learned societies ing incompetently within their areas of practice than working and attend seminars. They should provide support for ongoing outside their practice areas. learning and maintain a structured process for the review and One of the commission's recommendations is for a new sign-off of work." CPEng competence requirement for structural engineers - "a Engineers Australia chief executive Stephen Durkin com- good knowledge of the fundamental requirements of structural mented: "Engineers Australia believes that academic qualifica- design and of the fundamental behaviour of structural elements tions alone are not sufficient to enable an individual to provide subjected to seismic actions". engineering services. As is the case for many other professions, The commission has also recommended a two-tier system, practical skills and experience are also essential, including with a new role of Recognised Structural Engineer to certify continuing professional development." engineering design plans for complex structures. It is envisaged For Goldsworthy, the Canterbury earthquakes highlight a that the Recognised Structural Engineer would have more ex- tensive design experience, competen- cies and qualifications than ordinarily required of a CPEng. Durkin said that Engineers Austra- lia is proposing a co-regulatory scheme in Australia where the engineering profession and government would develop and administer standards in collaboration. "We think it must be a priority for government to develop a uniform system of registration for en- gineers across all disciplines," he said. "It is unacceptable that engineering is 30 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 COVER S TORY cpiccnlerfi’ -Lyttelton Shake I ntensity O O O O strong v ery strong severe violent onef o the only long-standing professions that is not subject Reinforced c oncrete buildings to regulation, given the important work of engineering profes- The most catastrophic failures were the CTV building, which sionals and the size of the engineering workforce." collapsed killing 115 people, and the Pyne Gould Corporation The commission has also raised questions about ethics in Building, which killed 18. the engineering profession, particularly in the case of the CTV Even though the CTV structure was relatively recent, the building, which collapsed killing 115 people. The commission commission found that the building collapsed within 10-20 found that the north shear wall "failed to perform its intended seconds from the start of the earthquake, leaving people little function of resisting earthquake loads on the building because time to escape, as the north wall complex and the south coupled the floor slabs detached from it. The south shear wall similarly shear wall did not resist the lateral loads. "It was a sudden and failed in that the floor slabs detached from it and it toppled over, catastrophic collapse, as recounted by both survivors within coming to rest on the remains of the building. The columns also the building and those who observed it from nearby. After an failed to perform their function ofproviding gravity support for initial period of twisting and shaking all of the floors dropped, the floor slabs, although this failure may have been related to virtually straight down, due to major weaknesses in the beam- the failure of the joints between the columns and the beams." column joints and the columns. Eyewitnesses described the The commission heard that "an area of non-compliance with collapse as a 'pancake effect. The north wall complex was the code of the day with respect to the tying of the floors to the left standing, the floors having torn away and coming to rest shear walls, specifically to the north core walls" was discovered stacked up adjacent to its base. The south shear wall collapsed by John Hare, a senior engineer at Holmes Consulting Group inwards on top of the floors in what we consider would have in 1990. The commission found that the structural weakness been the last part of the collapse sequence." was reported to Alan Reay Consultants (the building designer) The Royal Commission found that Christchurch City Council but not to the council. While the Royal Commission has found should not have issued a building permit for the CTV building the reviewing engineer acted appropriately, it has recommended because its engineering design did not comply with the city's the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand clarify bylaws and New Zealand Standards for structural design and the following in its code of ethics: concrete structures. Some of the non-compliant elements were 1. The test for taking action should be well understood by identified by the council engineer Graeme Tapper, but the engineers - ie ensuring public health and safety. commission found he was "either persuaded that his concerns 2. Each clause in the codes of ethics stands alone and no one were unfounded, or more likely was directed to approve the clause can override another. In the case of a perceived conflict structural design'. between two or more clauses, the question as to which clause The design also did not comply with best practice. According should carry most weight in the circumstances presented to the commission, one of the elements of best practice is that should be a carefully considered matter of judgement. "in the event of a major earthquake, the building will develop 3. There should be clarity as to the point at which an obligation a ductile mechanism to prevent it collapsing in a brittle failure of a reviewing engineer to report is extinguished, and where mode. To achieve this objective, all potential weak zones must the accountability for addressing the matter and rectifying be identified and detailed to ensure that they have adequate any weaknesses rests. ductility to enable the building as a whole to develop a ductile Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 31 COVER S TORY "Australian c ities have much to learn from recent experiences in Christchurch" mechanism". T he commission said this principle was widely safety" e ven though they may have suffered extensive damage, understood by structural engineers since the 1970s, but was the commission said. However, one of the major shortcomings not applied at the CTV building which was approved in 1986. the commission identified is cases where the stairs had failed, The commission also indentified deficiencies in the construc- leaving people trapped on the upper floors. This happened at tion of the building and its assessment after the 2010 earthquakes. the 18-storey Forsyth Barr Building and the 27-storey Hotel The collapse of the Pyne Gould Corporation Building was Grand Chancellor. "Critical elements such as stairs, ramps and triggered by the failure of the eastern wall, the commission egress routes from buildings should be designed to sustain the concluded. The structure was designed in the 1960s before peak for inter-storey drifts equal to 1.5 times the inter-storey the importance of ductile detailing was understood. Another drift, in the ultimate limit state," the report recommended. aspect of non-ductile buildings is that they give little indication The commission has also recommended changes to the New of structural damage prior to collapse, the commission said. Zealand Standards for earthquake actions, concrete structures It also identified several other critical structural weaknesses: and structural steel. <_ The offset in the shear core wall at level 1 resulted in local Unreinforced m asonry buildings stress concentrations at the ends of the offset. According to the Royal Commission, failures of unreinforced & T he vertical reinforcement content in the shear core walls masonry (URM) resulted in the death of 39 people during the was too low to initiate secondary cracks. This led to yield- ing of reinforcement being confined to a short length February 2011 earthquake. The majority of deaths and injuries resulting in a single wide crack in the potential plastic were due to facades, parapets, chimneys, awnings or other ele- region at level 1. It is likely that the induced crack width ments falling onto the adjacent streets. was of sufficient magnitude to fail the reinforcement in The report said: "URM buildings are made up of materials tension, enabling the shear core to rock about the west that are inherently good in compression but very weak in tension. wall. The poor performance in earthquakes of URM buildings as a * T he eccentric location of the shear core in the building class can be attributed to the buildings' common characteristics. greatly increased the torsional action applied to the shear URM buildings are stiff, heavy and brittle structures, which at- core, which weakened the building's seismic performance. tract large seismic accelerations in their structures. They have < T he beams that were supported by the shear core walls little capacity to deform once the strength of their elements has were ineffectively tied into the walls. been exceeded, leading to abrupt failures." e- T he perimeter columns and associated beam column While New Zealand has a requirement to upgrade URM joints were inadequately confined to enable them to sus- buildings to 33% of new building strength (NBS), its application tain significant inter-storey drift without failure. has been left to local authorities. Upgraded buildings generally Mostf o the other buildings in the CBD achieved the goal of "life performed better than their non-upgraded counterparts and many are still standing. "The URM buildings strengthened to 100% NBS performed well, those strengthened to 67% NBS performed moderately well, and the performance of those strengthened to less than 33% NBS was not significantly better than those that had not been strengthened," the commission report said. 32 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 COVER S TORY The l argest number of deaths resulted from the collapse of the CTV building, shown here before and after the February 201 earthquake. The commission found that even though the building was relatively recent, the floor slabs "pancaked", giving most occupants no chance of escape. Protos: P rirup Pearson, usep unbper Creative Commons LICENCE "There a re three broad approaches to managing the risk posed Griffith t old Engineers Australia that Australian cities could by unreinforced masonry buildings in earthquakes. The first is fare slightly worse than Christchurch because New Zealand to do nothing and accept the risk on the basis that damaging gradually stopped using unreinforced masonry after the 1931 earthquakes resulting in building damage will occur infrequently. Napier earthquake whereas such structures are still being built The second option is to demolish these building types, which in Australia. In addition, Australia has not done as much seismic would obviously impact on the heritage and character of New rehabilitation and retrofitting of old buildings as New Zealand. Zealand's cities and towns. The third way forward is to install "The good thing for us is that the probability of having such some level of earthquake strengthening in these buildings. This an earthquake is lower than in New Zealand," he said. third option is the intent of the current law. We do not suggest Should Australia consider implementing some of the Royal that it should be abandoned." Commission's URM recommendations? "In my opinion, I would According to the commission, the most hazardous elements really like that to happen, but I also recognise there would be of URM buildings are falling hazards such as chimneys, parapets a cost associated with that," Griffith said. "On a building-by- and ornaments, which should be secured or removed. One of building basis it is difficult to justify strengthening on a cost/ the other recommendations is that "free-standing masonry walls benefit ratio. But when you look at the CBD of Christchurch of unknown structural strength should be adequately restrained being shut down for almost two years - some people have or demolished." The commission also recommended that "the buildings that are completely undamaged but they can't use external walls of all unreinforced masonry buildings should them - the business interruption costs and the other impacts be supported by retrofit, including in areas of low seismicity. on the city go way beyond just a simple cost of repair. They These findings are significant for Australia as it also has need to be included in the calculation of the cost/benefit ratio." many unreinforced masonry buildings as a result of a shared Goldsworthy, who took part in building inspections after history of British colonisation. Associate Professor Jason Ing- the February 2011 earthquake as a representative of the Aus- ham from the University of Auckland and Professor Michael tralian Earthquake Engineering Society, commented: "I saw Griffith from the University of Adelaide reviewed the perfor- a lot of heavy parapets down on the ground in Christchurch. mance of URM buildings during the Canterbury earthquakes Ornamentation such as giant stone vases - these are up at the for the Royal Commission. In a paper presented at Engineers top of the building and when the earthquake hits they can fly Australias Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2011 off like being shot from a catapult. It's frightening. Conference in South Australia, Ingham and Griffith together "In New Zealand it's definitely justified to do something about with Lisa Moon from the University of Adelaide concluded that. I personally think that it would be good to phase out such that an earthquake similar to the February 2011 Canterbury construction in Australia. It might even be an opportunity - if event would lead to similar levels of damage and fatalities if it you really want that ornamentation, could it not be made from happened in Christchurch's sister city Adelaide. "It is clear that light, durable materials? It's seen at a distance so people aren't Australian cities have much to learn from recent experiences going to know that it's not stone. Hopefully we could convince in Christchurch," the paper said. people that that type of construction - freestanding unrein- Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 33 COVER S TORY forced m asonry walls or parapets and chimneys - shouldn't The c ommission heard that the seismic design philosophy really be built. Whether we should retrofit those buildings is has three broad objectives: no damage in a minor earthquake, an economic-type decision." repairable damage in a moderate one and avoiding collapse or In their report to the Royal Commission, Ingham and Griffith loss of life in a severe one. estimated the cost of upgrading New Zealand URM buildings Some New Zealand engineers, including Professor Andrew to a minimum of 67% of NBS at NZ$2 billion, compared to the Buchanan from the University of Canterbury, proposed that total estimated value of URM building stock of NZ$1.5 billion. the performance criteria should be revised so that all building Griffith told Engineers Australia that many of the URM types are repairable even after a major earthquake. structures in Christchurch that were reinforced and are still "Now that's a very high aspiration but there are new technolo- standing are generally owned by government bodies or or- gies that have come in, some of which have origins in Roman ganisations like universities that would have larger budgets times such as rocking structures," Goldsworthy said. "I doubt for building upgrades than most private individuals or small we would generally use those here [in Australia]. businesses. It would also be difficult for small regional towns "We only have limited resources in our country. We have all to upgrade their streetscapes of historic buildings without sorts of disasters - fires, floods, cyclones - and a lot of people external funding, he said. aren't too worried about earthquakes. I think it's largely a matter Griffith is involved in research to develop cost-effective of encouraging designers to move away from non-resilient types techniques to strengthen masonry structures. "We are looking of construction. The cost implications may be small. I think at ways to try to prevent the out-of-plane bending failures of we should study this a lot more thoroughly; not enough work unreinforced masonry walls. This is where the brickwork falls has been done to provide evidence for the need for change." out onto the street. Just about every building that we looked The traditional design philosophy that looks at structural at in Christchurch where there was major damage to masonry performance of individual buildings is problematic. According buildings [the brickwork] tended to fall out of the building and to Dr George Walker, a structural engineer who is honorary into the street. So what we are looking at is a way to strengthen research fellow at reinsurance firm Aon Benfield and Adjunct the masonry in that weak Professor at James Cook Uni- direction." The front-facing versity, the impact of a disaster walls and parapets can also be is non-linear and scales with reinforced in the out-of-plane the size of the community. For bending direction. example, the Royal Commission Since chimneys are largely noted the large costs incurred not visible from the street, they due to business disruption in can be dealt with economically. Christchurch CBD for over 17 "You can put hoops around the months. chimneys to strengthen them Conversely, disaster mitiga- and then tie the hoop back tion measures that may not be into the roof structure. The justified at an individual build- alternative is to replace the ma- ing level can provide overall sonry chimney with a modern benefits to the community, lightweight metal duct." Walker said in a paper presented Other ideas being developed at the Australian Structural at the University of Adelaide include fabrics or clear spray-on Engineering Conference 2012 in Perth. The paper argued that coatings that would not change the visual appearance of the catastrophe risk modelling, a technique used in the insurance building. Such reinforcement would need to be tied back to the industry, should be adapted to assess the costs and benefits of floors or the roof of the structure. "That would go a long way disaster mitigation measures, such as changes to the building to reducing the damage an earthquake would cause to masonry code. "The advantage of such models is that they can model the buildings in Australia," Griffith said. uncertainties associated with such analyses, as well as take into Different e xpectations account the transfers of risk which occur as a result of insur- Despite the severity of the earthquakes, particularly the February ance and reinsurance and the costs associated with doing this." 2011 event, the Royal Commission found that the community In a paper published in the Australian Journal of Structural had expected the buildings to peform better than they did. Engineering, Vol 8 No 1, Walker estimated that, since almost all "Post-earthquake, it is apparent that building owners and others buildings in Australia are insured against earthquakes, this is affected had different expectations of the likely behaviour of an costing Australians $450 million per year, most of which goes to 'earthquake-resistant' building. While all expected life-safety and foreign reinsurance companies. "The challenge for earthquake collapse prevention, the observed level of damage was clearly engineering research will be to develop vulnerability models of not anticipated by many building owners and occupiers," the sufficient sophistication and reliability to model the differences report said. "While the Royal Commission acknowledges the resulting from proposed changes to the code;" the paper said. ® need (which will be ongoing) for careful consideration of risk and cost, we consider that it will be desirable to lessen the potential for economic loss as a result of future earthquakes." 34 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 SNAPSHOT Re-engineering a t ourist attraction nthea H ammon is overseeing a A$30 million upgrade of the Scenic Railway, one of the world's steepest with a slope of 52°. As joint managing director, she oversees maintenance and capital projects at Scenic World in the Blue Mountains, NSW. The maintenance team includes another engineer as well as ten tradespeople. In addition to the railway, Scenic World also includes the Scenic Skyway which travels 720m suspended 270m above the rainforest, the Scenic Cableway which descends into the Jamison Valley and a 2 Akm boardwalk. The railway upgrade includes a new hand-built train designed by Swiss firm Garaventa, refurbished 310m track Scenic W orld joint managing director Anthea Hammon and her dog Jazz with the through a tunnel and a rainforest corridor, new winch which will be used to haul the new train. Proto: C amitte WatsH and expanded platforms with historical information panels for tourists. Hammon explained that the new train will be hauled by a winch really e xciting because it's the first project I have really with two fully redundant 560kW AC motors. This will driven from start to finish," Hammon said. allow Scenic World to eliminate the counterweight that Hammon's interest in engineering was sparked by currently makes up for the existing lower-rated motor. watching her father, an electrician, design and build a The new train will be the fifth since Hammon's rollercoaster that ended up never being opened to the grandfather Harry took over the mining lease in 1945 public. She graduated in mechanical engineering from the and converted the coal railway into a tourist attraction. University of NSW, hoping to build rollercoasters in the "Garaventa has never built any carriages like ours before," US. But she ended up joining the family business. "I came Hammon said. "The carriages were made to reflect the old back at the end of my degree and said: 'Dad, I think I need train and the history of the site, but also they needed to to come and run the maintenance department and help comply with all the modern standards. There is a very fine you out'." After her father retired in 2011, Hammon and line between where you have to add safety but you don't her brother David took over as joint managing directors. want it to feel like safety." Scenic World uses bespoke equipment supplied from One of the project's main challenges is minimising the Switzerland and the in-house team does all maintenance shut-down periods for the attraction. When Engineers except for the six-yearly inspections done by specialist Australia visited, the existing train was still taking tourists riggers. "It's always a bit of a challenge to keep thinking: as civil works were under way on both sides of the track. How would the Swiss have done it?"," Hammon said. "You The train is also being used to replace the track. "We have can always be learning from the way they design things." three special trolleys that we hang on the front of the Hammon is active in the Australian Amusement existing train," Hammon said. "[Garavental rip out a piece Leisure and Recreation Association as well as international of track down the line. Then they put a piece of track on organisations. She is a member of the ME51 Amusement the trolley, drive the train down to where the track finishes Rides and Devices Standards Committee and the ME51- and then using a little winch system they winch the new 01 Standards Committee for Ropeways. Recently the piece of track into place. Then they have to demolish the committee produced a new Australian Standard for next section, come up, get the track and go down. ropeways based on the Canadian code. Hammon has also "It's nearly like you are building back in 1880 when you represented Australia at an international amusement parks first built the train, because there is literally no other way standards meeting in Russia and attends international to build things on a 52° slope." conferences. "Meeting someone [from companies] like Sisag is the electrical and controls subcontractor, while Disney who get millions and millions of visitors a year is CWA is the carriages subcontractor. Sinclair Knight pretty cool;" she said. Merz is the engineer and project manager. PMDL is the Hammon wants to leave her mark on the family architect and civil works are being delivered by Grindley business but hopes to eventually move to Switzerland to Constructions. work for Garaventa or a rollercoaster company. "It's my The new train is scheduled to open at Easter. "It's been favourite place except for Australia." M Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 35 FEATURE | P roject Management The l ead story introduces the John Grill Centre for Project Leadership. Also included are articles on checking forecasts, water projects in South Australia and n ew products. Compiled by Kirill Reztsov New c entre aims to improve project d elivery by J ohn Grill uccessful d elivery of large scale important s kill sets. S and complex projects is more Most projects also involve important than it has ever been. governments at multiple levels as A 2012 report Pipeline or Pipe Dream regulator, client or partner, so project by the Business Council of Australia leaders have to manage and engage estimated that there are some 160 governments, the community and the projects valued at $1 billion or greater media. Finally, engaging and leading and proclaimed that successful delivery on land rights, industrial relations and of these projects is likely to shape sustainability issues are increasingly part Australias economic prosperity over of project leaders' competencies. the next decade and beyond. Projects The John Grill Centre for Project such as Gorgon's natural gas facility Leadership at the University of Sydney and the National Broadband Network has been created to address these readily come to mind. However, large leadership challenges. Its mission is to projects are not restricted to mining enhance leadership capability and enable and infrastructure, they also span areas John G rill ... "The need for mid-career organisations to successfully deliver such as defence, energy, government, courses in project leadership, similar large-scale complex projects globally. technology and manufacturing. to the mid-career courses available in Bringing together multidisciplinary More broadly, organisations across business administration, has never been knowledge and perspectives, the new all sectors of the economy are turning greater." centre combines the complex project to large projects to deliver essential management and systems engineering business transformation and strategic expertise of the Faculty of Engineering change as they seek to stay at the forefront of innovation and Information Technology with the Business School's while also delivering much needed efficiencies. leadership, strategy and managerial development expertise. Developing the skills and competencies to deliver these Currently, the centre is designing focused executive large-scale and complex projects efficiently and effectively education courses which aim to arm project leaders is vital, especially given that both academic research and with the complex set of skill sets mentioned above. The industry surveys indicate a surprisingly high rate of project centre aims to deliver the executive education offerings failure regardless of project type. in the latter half of 2013. Other key activities will include Strong engineering skills, technical capability and fostering project leadership innovation and knowledge project management disciplines are essential for project sharing through a series of thought leadership events, and success, but effective leadership requires a whole lot more. leading and driving collaborative cutting-edge research The ability to adopt effective and tailored leadership between industry and academia. approaches as project circumstances demand, coach and develop project teams and generate deep commitment Developing t he skills and to delivering project outcomes, are essential leadership requirements. competencies to deliver large- Strategic thinking to connect project plans to strategic priorities, dynamic risk management, embedding the scale and complex projects project into the business' ongoing operations, and making effective decisions when faced with uncertainty are other efficiently a nd effectively is vital. 36 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 Project M anagement | FEATURE The e xecutive education program is being designed administration, h as never been greater. The aim is to and will be delivered in partnership with industry. These provide for this need with a well conceived and managed courses will focus on helping skilled engineers and others centre which in time develops a global reputation. take the next step in acquiring the CEO -like skills required More information on the John Grill Centre for Project to deliver large scale and complex projects to time, budget Leadership is available at www.sydney.edu.au/john-grill- and quality. Throughout the program, experienced project centre. M leaders and industry experts will share their experiences while the latest theories will be used in real scenarios, John G rill is chairman of the John Grill Centre for Project simulations and cases to guide thinking and develop Leadership and former chief executive of international resources and energy company WorleyParsons. He established the centre innovative practices. with a $20 million personal donation to the university. The need for mid-career courses in project leadership, similar to the mid-career courses available in business lain P olley ..."The big difficulty in a lot of projects and reports coming through at the moment is Nine q uestions organisations not scoping the project properly." to ask ' N ine questions senior here a re nine questions (see box) that should be Tasked about project management to help improve executives should be performance, according to Iain Polley, chief executive of The Moreland Group, which specialises in project management training and qualifications. able to answer The organisation is owned by Engineering Education 1. W hat is the current project performance in the Australia, a subsidiary of Engineers Australia. organisation? "Project management is becoming everybody's second 2. -What is current project management profession," Polley said. performance? "The big difficulty in a lot of projects and reports & What is current project manager performance? coming through at the moment is organisations not 4. How widely held is this view/perspective of scoping the project properly, and then being optimistic performance? in the way they put forward estimates for factors such as 5. What are the business drivers and accountabilities time, costs and the other bits and pieces. for projects? "They then get into strife during the project's delivery 6. What processes or activities are in place or being because they haven't done their 'rehearsal' properly." considered to overcome the perceived problems Polley's observations are backed up by the findings of and/or performance deficiencies? Scope for Improvement, a survey of project risk in Australia 7. Does the human resource development strategy undertaken by Blake Dawson in 2011. It found that nearly include, as a component, the skill/competency and 30% of the 121 respondents indicated key project risks perspective development for project management were first identified only after contract execution. Even staff? where risk identification policies and procedures were 8. What is the project management maturity of the applied and thought to be effective, key risks were still organisation? being missed at the outset 25% of the time. 9. Is there a comprehensive strategy within the The survey also found that out of $55 billion worth of organisation that addresses the situation fully and projects surveyed only 48% were delivered on time, on sets future goals? budget and to the required quality. M Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 37 FEATURE | P roject Management Brisbane a ward The d esign team for the Brisbane Airport Link- the Parsons Brinckerhoff and Arup Joint Venture - has received the Special Recognition Award for Sustaining our Society at the Be Inspired Awards, organised by software company Bentley Systems. The award was presented at a ceremony in January in Brisbane, attended by (-r): Bentley Systems senior industry solutions director Nige! Newbury, Arup technical director Marty Scrogings, Brisbane deputy mayor Adrian Schrinner and Parsons Brinckerhoff project director Luke van Heuzen. Bentley software used on the project included ProjectWise, an information management programs designed for infrastructure projects. Procuring a nd managing water a n ew project management and procurement services KBRs i providing project management and procurement delivery m odel is helping provide certainty of services in a relationship-style contract that involves close outcomes and continual improvement for SA interaction with the client to share knowledge, ideas, and Water as the utility begins a three-year period of economic best practice in the mitigation of risk. regulation. The PMP Solutions team must ensure investment The state government regulator, the Essential Services targets are met in all aspects of project delivery. Features of Commission of South Australia, will commence economic the delivery model include: regulation of water and wastewater on 1 July. The <- augmentation by KBR of SA Water systems to provide commission has received a Regulatory Business Proposal benefits such as program overview of schedules, from SA Water that includes proposed revenue, prices and milestones and investment service standards for the regulated period. In addition, +_ standard schedules that include all SA Water and state the proposal also includes details of SA Water's proposed government governance processes capital plan along with strategic asset objectives. There *- alternative procurement techniques, which are designed will be more scrutiny of investment plans with a view to to leverage additional value through the supply chain in ensuring money allocated to capital works improvements a program environment is being spent prudently and efficiently. <_ a schedule of strategic improvement goals. SA Water has contracted global engineering, "Continuous improvement leading to growing efficiencies construction and services company KBR to deliver an is an ongoing commitment of the PMP Solutions team," extensive program of capital works, based on the project said Mark Gobbie, KBR's vice president for water. "A management services and procurement delivery model. road map has been implemented to deliver program The five-year contract, which commenced in 2011, covers management excellence in a range of areas including: projects ranging in value from $500,000 to $11 million. It procurement, project controls, design management, is anticipated that 100-200 projects will be delivered each year with a combined capital value of $80-$120 million. external stakeholders and OH&S." A joint team of 85% KBR staff and 15% SA Water staff, Initiatives should comply with existing SA Water known as PMP Solutions, is delivering the program. governance requirements and systems but there is also the PMP Solutions is managing several larger-scale projects opportunity to implement process changes. An example is including: risk management where PMP Solutions and SA Water are &_ Plympton/Marion Road trunk water main renewal ($24 working together to augment existing SA Water systems million) and improve outcomes. <- Queensbury wastewater pump station upgrade ($18 According to Gobbie, KBR's approach was previously million) used in a similar program management business model for <_ Happy Valley water treatment plant chlorine upgrade a UK water utility. "Senior KBR personnel who delivered ($17.5 million) projects for a UK client, including Alan Mackintosh, head &_ Bolivar wastewater treatment plant concrete of PMP Solutions, are working with the Australian team to rehabilitation. deliver hundreds of projects for SA Water," he said. M 38 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 «4 orange i s good HOBSON H IGH-TENSILE Save 2 5% on your bolting installation cost. Ask us how. AS1252 Squirter® DTI Washer Structural Assembly Featuring: M 2 x S afety Reaction Arms t M L-Shape Arm + Long Bar Arm 230mm M Light Weight M Non Impacting M Low Noise TONE® Electric Torque a Automatic Shut-off at Preset Torque Control Wrench Since 1 935 SCH N R R® # ...because quality matters m DISC SPRING ENGINEERING /\ N 53331229- HOBSON Bolt securing systems Member | ha o f AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE ENGINEERING FEATURE | P roject Management Due d iligence based on "outside view" 1. I dentification and description of the business case or forecast to be evaluated. 2. Establishing a benchmark that represents the outside view, against which performance may be measured. 3. Using the benchmark to evaluate performance in the forecast in question. 4. Checking the forecaster's track record from other, similar, forecasts. y Identifying further cost and benefit risks. Professor B ent Flyvbjerg ... "Malpractice in project management oa Establishing the expected outcome. should be taken as seriously as malpractice in other professions, Soliciting comments from the forecaster. like medicine and law." g ~ Concluding as to whether the forecast is over- or underestimated and by how much. Guarding a gainst deceptive forecasts Taking t he "outside view" is the best way to guard ones, a re both non-routine locally and use well-known against o ver-optimistic or deceptive front-end technologies that have been tried out elsewhere. Such estimates of costs and benefits of a major project, projects would, therefore, be particularly likely to benefit according to the paper published on 8 November 2012 from the outside view." in the International Journal of Project Management. It is The paper proposes an eight-step due diligence plan to authored by Professor Bent Flyvbjerg from the BT Centre evaluate forecasts, which involves establishing a statistically for Major Programme Management at the Said Business reliable benchmark from data available from other similar School, University of Oxford. projects and comparing this against the estimates for The "outside view" involves comparing the project a proposed project. It quickly becomes apparent if the against related past projects. forecasts are claiming to meet or exceed the average results "The traditional way to think about a complex project of previous similar projects and the reasons can then be is to focus on the project itself and its details, to bring to scrutinised. The paper applies this methodology to the bear what one knows about it, paying special attention to "A-train project", an anonymised government-sponsored its unique or unusual features, trying to predict the events public-private rail project. that will influence its future. The thought of going out and The paper characterises those who continue to use gathering simple statistics about related projects seldom conventional forecasting tools when more accurate enters a planner's mind," the paper said. alternatives are available as "fools" who need retraining or "The comparative advantage of the outside view will be "frauds" who should be prosecuted. "Malpractice in project most pronounced for non-routine projects, understood as management should be taken as seriously as malpractice projects that managers and decision makers in a certain in other professions, like medicine and law. To not take organisation or locale have never attempted before - like malpractice seriously amounts to not taking the profession building greenfield infrastructure and plant or catering of project management seriously." to new types of demand. It is in the planning of such Flyvbjerg is working with the US General Accounting new efforts that the biases toward optimism and strategic Office to undertake due diligence on the US$98.5 billion misrepresentation are likely to be largest. To be sure, high-speed rail system in California, the most expensive choosing the right class of comparative past projects would civil construction project in US history. become more difficult when planners are forecasting He has also recently been invited to serve as an expert initiatives for which precedents are not easily found, witness in a US$150 million class action suit against a for instance the introduction of new and unfamiliar forecaster. technologies. However, most projects, and especially major The paper is available at bit.ly/14NA10H M 40 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 TWL l } [GA \I "The Master of Project Management complements my on-the-job training, and provides the fundamental and advanced project management skills I need to manage large, complex projects on site." Jerom Fox, real Master of Project Management graduate UTo Q 2012 BEE-18-847 19 Leadership i n Project Management Our M aster of Project Management draws on the Project Management Body of Knowledge, which is the international benchmark and framework upon which the practice of project management is based. The c ourse is designed to help you enhance your For more information about our Master of Project knowledge and skills to manage constraints in time, cost Management degree or how to apply, please and quality, as well as social, political and environmental visit www.qut.edu.au/engineering challenges s o you can achieve successful outcomes. Be i nspired and stay in demand. Q@UT a u niversity for the real world? FEATURE | P roject Management Oy Gary N eave ... "Create an environment of genuine trust and 4 your project team will thrive." A n ew pump station at Clapham was one of the elements of the North South Interconnection System Project in Adelaide. Taking t he lead: Project management for major infrastructure Taking t he lead on a major project can often be seen Neave o ffered Engineers Australia insights for engineers as a c hallenging proposition but brings with it a lot aspiring to the role of project director or project manager. of professional and personal satisfaction, according to "Challenging infrastructure projects require a long- Parsons Brinckerhoff program delivery services director Gary standing commitment with the client. This commitment is Neave. He has recently completed more than two years on the foundation for a great project outcome;" he said. secondment as project director for SA Water's $403 million "Create a unified integrated project team because it's North South Interconnection System Project (NSISP). critical to the success in the delivery of major infrastructure. NSISP connects Adelaide's water supply sources - the It's paramount not only from a cultural perspective, but also reservoirs, the River Murray and the new desalination plant from the practical perspectives of reporting, role clarity and - to provide a single city-wide network. The project involved division of responsibility. the construction of four new major pipelines 32km in length, "Clearly articulate each team member's accountability three new pump stations, and a series of other works at over for delivery and set the framework for genuine opportunity. 120 sites in the metropolitan network. Create an environment of genuine trust and your project In 2012, Neave was recognised as the National Project team will thrive." Director of the Year by the Australian Institute of Project Co-locating the key consultant partners with SA Water Management. The award acknowledged his performance, and its representatives on the NSISP fostered a close working knowledge, and technical and interpersonal skills on the relationship within, and between, the various teams - NSISP. His next challenge is to roll out this philosophy more engineering, project controls, cost estimating, stakeholder broadly in the Australian Parsons Brinckerhoff business. engagement, planning, environment, safety and procurement. Neave said that engineering is as much about This was a major contributor to creating an integrated team collaboration and communication as it is about project and the effectiveness of the project. delivery. Over 3500 predominantly local staff worked on the "It's essential we understand the client's motivation, the NSISP, with an average workforce of 450 employed during issues concerning the project and that we share their vision, construction at any one time. and work to contribute to their success," he said. This integrated project team achieved every target 42 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 Project M anagement | FEATURE Challenging i nfrastructure projects require a long-standing commitment with the client. This is the foundation for a great project outcome. and m ilestone, including commencement of operational This w as a major factor in the success of the project. handover in December 2012. Safety performance transparency across all contractors But, as with any large project, the NSISP presented was another initiative implemented by Neave on the a number of challenges for SA Water and the project NSISP. A monthly Contractor Safety Forum served as a team. The project initially required large, industrial-type collaborative environment in which to exchange ideas and installations to be constructed in areas that were mainly discuss: residential. Suitable collaboration with the community &_ lead indicator review aligned to key performance provided the vision and motivation to make the above indicators ground infrastructure smaller and more aesthetically <_ alignment of expectations and behaviours pleasing, to reduce noise and to deliver a landscaped +_ strategic focus setting suitable for the urban environment. +_ troubleshooting and knowledge exchange for difficult The project works passed 4000 homes and businesses tasks. and touched all but one of the 19 Adelaide metropolitan Safe work practices were acknowledged and celebrated. council areas. The project recorded zero lost time injuries over 1,800,000 Neave was actively involved in the consultation stage hours worked. and in the design developments resulting from the The NSISP will give SA Water a greater ability to make community engagement process, attending over 100 best use of its water resources and provide certainty for individual community engagement forums or meetings. Adelaide about its future water supply. M Book d iscusses megaprojects ombining h is passion for delivering Australia, E urope and north America with C successful project outcomes and his a view to highlighting strategies that lead to significant international experience, success. John Mason, Aurecon's programme & project Mason co-authored the chapter titled delivery leader, has put pen to paper and "Delivery of UK megaprojects within a authored a chapter in the recently released European context" with Steve Rowsell, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) former head of procurement for Crossrail, book, Managing gigaprojects: Advice from a large railway project. Mason drew on his those who've been there, done that, released by experience of major infrastructure projects Pegasus Global Holdings. in Europe, the US, Australia and southeast The book deals with very large projects - Asia to discuss best practice principles, typically with price tags above US$10 billion organisational considerations, and new - because they present daunting obstacles John M ason drew on approaches to procurement and supply for effective planning, design, construction, his experience of major chain management in the UK. and delivery. Not only do the challenges of infrastructure projects in A chapter that specifically deals with Europe, the US, Australia and enormous projects increase exponentially with southeast Asia. Australian projects was authored by their size, but these projects can span long Victoria-based mechanical engineer and timeframes. Risk management alone poses arbitrator Antonino Albert de Fina. It unprecedented problems of scale and complexity. covers some problematic projects such as BrisConnections In the first part of the book, the authors share lessons and the Lane Cove Tunnel. W learned and best practices developed as they grappled with specific difficulties posed by such large-scale projects. In the second part, construction professionals describe Managing g igaprojects is available from EA Books at www. projects undertaken in the Middle East, Brazil, Asia, eabooks.com.au or on (02) 9438 5355. Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 43 | P roject Management Construction m anagement Plant d esign software eridian S ystems has released Prolog 9.6, the latest veva h as made available its new plant design version of its construction project management software Aveva Everything3D (E3D) for major software for contractors. capital engineering projects. Prolog 9.6 includes a redesign Prolog Mobile with an E3D is designed to break down barriers between improved user interface that simplifies searching, filtering design and construction, reducing overall project and navigation. The new Checklist feature allows workers cost, schedule and risk. It incorporates laser scanning, in the field to create or update checklists using templates mobile and cloud computing capabilities. or pre-existing PDF versions of checklists. It also includes 2D and 3D geometry, and 3D Plan View allows users to view records based on an graphics optimised for plant modelling. existing floor plan. Location-based search also makes it AVEVA E3D is fully compatible with the current possible to find other project records within the same version of AVEVA PDMS. geographical area. www.aveva.com Prolog 9.6 also includes enhancements to Prolog Converge, the web-based construction project management application, including expanded file management and improved dashboards for greater collaboration between contractors and owners. info.meridiansystems.com En’gmeefs «-.m a 0-— A ustralla . B 14aac ENEFITS-At batten tm: i suRv ¥ | ehan « a ~ < h- ao zl‘f &+ a is woo wa wann w nig Represents t he remuneration of 383 companies and 1 30,000 engineers BENEFITS2012 S ALARY SURVEY & W andSalary state results segmented by discipline, grade entitlementsDetails e mployee a nd more!benefits, working hours, leave THE ENGINEER'S BOOKSHOP Electronic Print Version: Version: $60 $40 + GST+ GST = $66= $44 (EA (EA members) members) |$68 |$56 + GST+ GST = $74.80= $61.60 (non-members) (non-members) 44 Civil Engineers Australia |February 2013 SUSTAINABILITY Terence J eyaretnam fDirector o Net Balance ([email protected]) based in Melbourne. Losing t ouch with nature ow m any hours did you spend last weekend out in preserving s omething they may never have seen? nature, trail walking or bird-watching? In fact, how This unfortunate outcome is a syndrome known as many hours did you spend last year? You are likely nature deficit disorder. The significant collapse of children's to count the number of hours with ease. engagement with nature, which is even faster than the Why is nature worth maintaining contact with, and collapse of the natural world, is recorded in Richard Louv's preserving? The value of the world's ecosystem services book Last Child in the Woods, as well as a report published and natural capital has been estimated to be US$33 recently by the National Trust called Natural Childhood trillion, nearly double the annual global GDP output. This (http://goo.gl/BOvAo). The statistics are telling. may come as a surprise, because society does not fully In the UK, the area in which children may roam appreciate the true value of essential life nutrients such as unsupervised has decreased 90% since 1970. The clean water and air, food, medicinal plants and cultural proportion of children regularly playing in wild places and health benefits afforded to us by mother nature. has fallen from more than half to fewer than one in 10. Why is this an issue? Not only does nature represent Statistics show Britain's children watch more than 17h/ our greatest asset, but we have an innate need to connect week of television, up 12% since 2007, and 20h/week with nature. Known as biophilia, this need is a primal urge online. This amounts to about half their waking lives in that is in us today, as it was for our prehistoric ancestors. front of a screen, up 40% in a decade. The National Trust Continuing to distance our children from nature is a report also discusses the multitude of health, community, future environmental catastrophe in the making - those environmental and educational benefits that result from young people who we are depending on to save the children's contact with nature. The report needs to be environment would know even less about it than us. considered seriously in policy, planning and design of How can we expect these people to be passionate about future communities. M ENGINEERS A USTRALIA TECHNICAL J OURNALS Engineers A ustralia invites papers from authors for its learned Technical Journals (formerly called Transactions). The Journals are: M A ustralasian Journal of Engineering Education M A ustralian Journal of Multi-disciplinary Engineering M Australian Journal of Civil Engineering M Australian Journal of Structural Engineering M A ustralian Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering M Australian Journal of Water Resources M A ustralian Journal of Mechanical Engineering ® Transport Engineering in Australia. For a uthors to submit a paper, all they need to do is register themselves on Engineers Australia's online submission and tracking system at . The system will then walk them through the necessary steps to complete their submission. Papers cane b submitted in any electronic format, as automatically c onverts them into a PDF for easy viewing by editors and reviewers. Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 45 THE E NGINEER'S EBOOKS ENGINEERS BOOKSHOP A USTRALIA www . e abooks .com . au Practical G uide to Diagnosing Wind L oading Waste-to-Energy Bown 7 Structural M ovement in Buildings Handbook for Australia E M MR LOSING HANRRCQK MARC R OGOFF, FRANCOIS SCREVE $159.09 + GST = $175 MALCOLM H OLLAND and New Zealand f_ U 2011 9781437778717 166pp $50 + GST = $55 J D H OLMES, K C S KWOK, ten 2012 9780470659106 220pp This is an up-to-date survey of J D GINGER El || planning, project management and W!§!l'|l'[lErI] Providing a methodology by which $86.36 + GST = $95 El |V operational phases of waste-to- cracks and movements in buildings 2012 9 780975037614 123pp energy facilities, with a selection can be diagnosed, this book has Published by the Australasian of international case studies been written in four parts. Part Wind Engineering Society, this highlighting operating facilities one describes the key principles taren 4 h essential handbook provides background to AS/ in North America, Europe and tru term of movement and cracking. Parts NZS 11740.2 Wind Actions. It has been prepared to Asia. It explains the operation of two and three describe the main provide background information into wind and its WTE plants which are designed to features of common forms of movement and causes actions and also into the derivation of the Standard reduce the volume of solid waste going into landfills the associated cracking patterns. Part two covers other and its contents. It covers items such as nature of wind and to contribute to renewable energy targets and the than ground or foundation movement and part three loading, wind speeds and multipliers, shape factors for reduction of pollution levels. 2nd edition. covers movement caused by ground or foundations structures and dynamic response. problems. Part four briefly describes the techniques Numerical M ethods and Optimization used to arrest further movement or repair damage Wind E ffects on Cable-Supported caused by movement. in F inance Bridges MANFRED G ILL, Steel D esigners' Handbook YOU-LIN XU DIETMAR MARINGER, BRANCO G ORENC, $195.45 + GST = $215 ENRICO SCHUMANN RON TINYOU, ARUN SYAM 2013 9781118188286 500pp $113.59 + GST = $124.95 $81.77 + GST = $89.95 This in-depth guide uses analytical, 2011 9780123756626 584pp 2012 9781742233413 464pp numerical and experimental This is an excellent introduction The 8th edition of this essential methods to give you a practical to computational science. The tool for all practising structural, understanding. It is structured combination of methodology, civil and mechanical engineers as Designers'; to systematically move from software and examples allow you well as engineering students has H andbook introductory areas through to to quickly grasp and apply serious been fully revised and updated. It advanced topics currently being developed from computational ideas. The book describes steps for has been prepared in response to research work. It concludes with the application of solving specific problems in finance and applying them changes in the design Standard AS 4100, the Structural theory covered in real-world examples, enabling you to other problems. Assuming that a model is only as good Actions Standards, AS/ANZ 1170 and other processing apply your knowledge and bridging the gap between as its results, it provides a comprehensive overview and standards such as welding and coatings, as well as theoretical research and practical applications. treatment of heuristic optimisation techniques, only updated research and feedback from users. It is based briefly touching upon standard methods. on AS 4100:1998 Steel Structures and its more recent Principles o f Water Treatment significant amendments. 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View o nline Complexities e ncased in S ydney's newest venue new e ntertainment and conference venue with a createsn a impressive light display. capacity of 4000 people has opened in Sydney, "Our team collaborated to create a premier sitting atop The Star casino in Pyrmont. But to entertainment destination. It's an extraordinary construct the Event Centre on the roof of the existing achievement given the construction challenges created by structure, much structural design, modelling and the 24 hour live gaming environment and the tight urban strengthening was required to turn the architect's vision site," Brookfield Multiplex regional managing director into something constructible. (NSW) David Ghannoum said. Brookfield Multiplex has completed the third and final The project was delivered on behalf of Echo stage of The Star redevelopment, marking the end of the Entertainment, and was designed by architect Fitzpatrick three-year $870 million project. While the first and second and Partners. The structural engineer was Taylor Thomson stages included an update of the Star City Casino and Whitting (TTW). construction of the new 5-star Darling Hotel, the third TTW structural engineer Kevin Berry said the key to stage comprised the construction of a new entertainment the success of the project was the desire of the design structure, access and loading dock, substation, and new team to integrate the building's facade, acoustics and fire ancillary plant structures. Brookfield Multiplex delivered strategy. This was driven not only from a cost perspective, the Event Centre on budget and one month ahead of but also to minimise the trades and operations occurring schedule. on site. The $100 million Event Centre is located on the site of Berry said the form of the structure was driven to make the old Star City ballroom with its key design feature being use of the geometry of the facade elements, which then a custom-designed glass facade that, when backlit at night, allowed deep trusses to support the walls. This separation 48 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 Structural E ngineering | FEATURE of t he internal and external walls was then optimised for The i nternal floor trusses are the acoustics of the building which used the cavity to reduce the overall quantity of acoustic material within the supported by an external "ring walls. As a form of fire protection, the acoustic system used a panel concrete system from Speedpanel which was truss" element which spans able to provide sufficient fire protection for the structure. In a paper presented at the Australasian Structural Engineering Conference in Perth last July titled Star City the loads back to the existing Casino - Multi-use entertainment facility, Berry and fellow TTW engineers AJ Down and PJ Harvey explained that support columns located there were significant complexities in the design of the structure, with constraints imposed by the existing casino around the building. building originally constructed in 1995. Predominantly, the building consisted of post-tensioned membersy b inclined raking column elements. concrete floors with conventionally reinforced concrete The internal floor trusses are supported by an external columns. It was supported on pad foundations which bore "ring truss" element which spans the loads back to the directly on sandstone. The podium roof was constructed existing support columns located around the building. using composite steel beams and was supported on The ring truss elements were constructed using heavy structural steel columns on a 16m x 16m structural grid. structural steel sections which were fabricated off site and As the construction of the new rooftop venue would bolted together onsite. The roof rests on a series of six roof apply additional loads to the existing structure, TTW trusses of varying geometry. The roof trusses support the conducted a comprehensive load take-down of the existing internal hanging loads required by an operating theatre structure and the new loads from the proposed structure and conference facility. The roof trusses are supported were added. Each column at each floor was then analysed by the perimeter ring truss, which transmits vertical and to assess if the capacities would be exceeded. TTW said lateral loads back to ground level. in many instances it was found the column capacities Lateral stability of the building is provided by a were limited by the confinement reinforcement that had combination of steel cross bracing elements. Steel bracing originally been detailed in the columns. is evenly distributed on all four sides of the building to Where column capacities were exceeded, the columns resist lateral loads from wind and earthquake, and those were strengthened. TTW said steel columns were encased imposed from the inclined seating of the auditorium. in concrete to gain additional capacity and concrete The internal floors are designed to act as diaphragms columns were encased with a further 150mm of concrete to distribute lateral loads to the lateral load resisting to gain additional capacity. Where encasement was elements. not possible due to site constraints, steel columns were Also as part of the works, TTW undertook a detailed sized to match the stiffness of the concrete column and investigation into the construction of the building. As the increase the capacity. Overstressed foundations were also site was an existing, operational building there were many strengthened with the addition of new piles to existing pile site constraints that needed to be considered. Storage and caps. working space on site were limited, and loads were limited The complex structural steel frame for the new venue by the slabs capacity. was then designed by TTW. Berry said the resulting The erection sequence of the steelwork was structure uses a simple hierarchy of elements which an important consideration in the design, as was integrate to form a stiff structural box. It consists of a prefabricating elements such as trusses off site. The size of braced steel frame supported by eight existing structural any prefabricated element needed to be limited not only columns and two new columns on the roof of the main for transport but also to ensure it was manageable by the casino building. The structure is located between two large crane operation on site. The steel was split into different post-tensioned transfer beams which support the existing stages to be erected sequentially, working around the site hotel at its fifth level. Two new columns were installed to constraints and maximising or retaining as much working support t he building as well as new transfer truss elements. area as possible. Each stage needed to be reviewed and The f rames were generated using Rhino and a analysed to ensure that it was laterally stable. parametric modelling script within the software called Autodesk's Robot Structural Analysis was used for Grasshopper. Berry said this script was developed as such analyses with the relevant steelwork for each stage the building had an important series of external design isolated from the main model. Propping locations were parameters which were key constraints developing the then positioned in the model and analysed to ensure that building's framing scheme. the model was stable. These could be moved and adjusted Internal floor loads are supported using a series of in the model, and re-analysed to avoid site constraints composite steel and concrete floor elements which rest on and suit the contractor's requirements in erecting future two main internal truss elements. The raking auditorium steelwork. seating is directly loaded on the two internal truss The steel was supplied by ICMP Steel Structures. M Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 49 FEATURE | S tructural Engineering View o nline Design c hallenges in m ajor hospital construction by D onald Macmillan Two s ignificant challenges to the structural design of Several b uildings were designed and constructed in the2 $ billion Fiona Stanley Hospital development parallel and there was concern at the time, in the already are future flexibility of floor plans and radiation overheated subcontracting market in West Australia, that shielding. BG&E has addressed these challenges along the subcontractors would be unable to supply the volumes with fire resistance, durability, vibration performance of material and labour required to complete the project and environmentally sustainable design requirements. within the program time. Construction challenges have included the availability of A reliance on any one structural system or structural materials and labour, flexibility of form, buildability and material was therefore considered a project risk. speed of construction. Consequently, a diverse range of structural framing The Fiona Stanley Hospital project represents the solutions were subjected to a cost/benefit and risk analysis. biggest public infrastructure project currently under The results indicated that for the majority of the buildings, construction in Western Australia. The hospital consists shallow, in situ concrete floor systems would be the of eight new buildings, with a combined floor area of preferred framing solution. This framing solution was approximately 232,000m', along with significant associated further developed during the detailed design stage. infrastructure. The study also indicated that prefabricated structural BG&E was initially appointed by the Western Australia frame systems, precast concrete and structural steelwork government to assist with the concept design for the would result in deeper floor systems, leading to more project and was then engaged as structural and civil complex building services coordination. engineering consultant by Brookfield Multiplex. The prefabricated frame systems would also limit future BG&E commenced work with three dimensional (3D) flexibility, fire resistance and vibration performance. The modelling from an early stage of the project. The use of main hospital building is highly serviced, and a structural 3D modelling greatly enhanced information transfer across framing and flooring system that would assist in the the various disciplines, the client team and to the range of effective design and installation of these services was a key subcontractors assigned to the project. As the benefits of design objective. A flat plate option was highly favoured the 3D models became apparent, their usage spread across by the building services consultants but they also resisted the groups involved in the project. the widespread use of post-tensioning, particularly in Changes in clinical service delivery and technological the clinical areas. A banded slab system, being the most developments are commonplace in major healthcare structurally efficient, was accepted collectively by the facilities. Structural framing designs and materials which consultant team. The banded slab system was further can adapt and respond to these changes are required. tested during the costing and tendering period. Several initiatives were adopted for all buildings, Formwork costs at the time were high and the including column grids that deliver medium- to long-span reduction in formwork materials had to be weighed against floors, to allow for flexibility in any future re-planning and an efficient structural floor system that minimised material allowances in nominated floor loads and floor systems that quantities. Flat plate floor systems had many positive are compatible with the installation of future services. construction benefits, including efficient installation of Appropriate floor systems needed to be chosen that met building services and minimum formwork requirements. the functional and technical requirements of the brief and However, for long span floor areas with heavy loading, the provided the greatest level of future proofing. structurally efficient banded slab system provided material 50 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 "AWEMILLS R AR IPG GG J | i ndependent Third Party Australasian Standards Certification & Verification of Reinforcing, Prestrassing & Structural Steels Compliance To f ind out more about how OneSteel product reduces your risk, visit www.buildwithstandards.com.au FEATURE | S tructural Engineering Another c onsideration was that scattered radiation must be attenuated by appropriate shielding that is incorporated within the walls, floors a nd roof acd s & amas elements. ) T he structural frame of the main hospital facilities was completed almost nine View o nline months a head of schedule. savings. P ost-tensioning was introduced in the bands to thick s teel plate and a 960mm depth of heavy weight further reduce the band depths, to control deflections and concrete, with a minimum dry density of 3500kg/m*. further reduce slab depths. To achieve the heavier density, local aggregates had to be During final design, a banded slab system was adopted sourced. Barytes and magnetite, available in the north of for the floors of the clinical levels, including a combination the state, were investigated. Magnetite was chosen based of post-tensioning in the bands and conventional on easier availability and cost. reinforcement in the slabs, as the most appropriate for The reinforcement design in the bunker elements was future flexibility. On the ward floors, two-way, post- based on controlling crack widths arising from restrained tensioned flat slab was adopted and over-depth sections shrinkage and early age thermal stresses. A maximum were provided in discrete areas, to allow for future wet crack width of 0.2mm was adopted for the reinforcement area set downs. design, based on limits used in the nuclear industry for Another consideration was where specialist treatment containment vessels. areas in oncology, radiography and nuclear medicine use The massive elements meant that early age temperature medical equipment that delivers targeted levels of radiation gradients and peak temperatures had to be controlled, to the patient. Scattered radiation must be attenuated by and trial mixes to test the thermal characteristics of the appropriate shielding that is incorporated within the walls, concrete during the hydration process were developed by floors and roof elements of the radiation treatment areas. the contractor. Low heat cement was used to control the Typically, radiation attenuation performance is directly peak temperature and thermal blankets used to control related to the material density and thickness of the element thermal gradients. In situ temperature monitoring was through which the radiation is passing. undertaken during the pour. Concrete's density and ease of placement makes it It was also crucial that the dry density of the concrete ideal as a shielding material. Wall and roof depths can reached the minimum specified limit and wet density tests, be large, particularly around the linear accelerators, correlated to final dry density, were used to check the where the radiation levels are highest. In the oncology concrete prior to placement in the works. bunkers, the roof of the bunkers also form the floor to The structural solutions implemented for the project the accommodation level above and planning constraints were well-developed by the design team during the meant that only a limited zone was available to form the early stages of the project and further refined with the bunker roof. involvement of Brookfield Multiplex. The structural frame There was no restriction on space for the wall elements of the main hospital facilities was completed almost nine and normal weight concrete with a minimum density of months ahead of schedule and facilitated an early start to 2350kg/m> was used. Walls 2200mm thick were required in the services installation and building fit out. the primary barrier zone adjacent to the linear accelerators In late 2012, the Health Department of WA announced and an equivalent depth of normal weight concrete was that Fiona Stanley Hospital would be complete in 2014. M required for the roof. An overall zone of only 1360mm was available at the roof level which was inadequate Donald M acmillan is associate director of BG&E, consulting using normal weight concrete alone and an alternative engineers specialising in the fields of building structures, facades, bridgeworks, civil engineering and infrastructure. For more construction had to be developed. The solution was to use information go to www.bgeeng.com. To read about how BG&E a hybrid construction, comprising four sheets of 100mm met vibration challenges read Engineers Australia online. 52 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 Structural E ngineering | FEATURE Considering t he complete life cycle esigning s tructures for end-of-life deconstructability research p rogram that is investigating the use of bolted is an important aspect of designing sustainable pretensioned shear connectors with precast geopolymer building structures, according to Professor Mark concrete slabs. The pretension enables a frictional Bradford, who will be spreading his message in Engineers resistance to be mobilised at the steel/concrete interface Australias Eminent Speaker program in March. to enable full shear interaction at service loading, thereby Bradford is Scientia Professor, Australian Laureate increasing the stiffness of the composite member, as Fellow and Professor of Civil Engineering at the Centre for well as allowing for the removal of the bolt in suitably Infrastructure Engineering and Safety, University of NSW. proportioned clearance holes. He said building structures should be deconstructible at Bradford will present a simple mechanical model the end of their service life, so as to enable the reuse of for representing the service-load behaviour. The use of materials and to reduce the energy associated with their deconstructible joints will also be presented, along with demolition and disposal. various configurations of precast slabs in the negative For example, currently, in steel-framed buildings the moment region of a composite beam adjacent to an composite flooring systems are attached with welded internal support. headed stud shear connectors, and deconstruction is The research is currently being undertaken at the problematic due to the headed studs being embedded University of NSW, underpinned by the Australian in the concrete floor. This drawback can be eliminated Laureate Fellowship scheme. with the use of bolted shear connectors that join precast For more information about the Eminent Speaker concrete slab units to steel joists that are themselves program contact Engineers Australia Structural College at connected to columns using deconstructible bolted joints. [email protected]. M Bradford's Eminent Speaker presentation will detail a [) J S TEEL Australasia AW ORLD OF STEEL INNOVATION Exclusive s upplier of AMLOoCor steel grade Steel S heet Piles Over 100 different Hot 460MPa S tructural Steel Sections Full and Cold Rolled sections, ex stock or ex mill, for range of structural steel sections including high Hire or for sale, New or Used. strength "HISTAR" beams and columns up to 1118mm deep and 125mm flange thickness. Vinyl a nd Composite Sheet Piles Light and durable synthetic sheet piles for harsh Anchorage S ystems Tie Rods and waling marine and contamination environments. systems including complete packages of ready to install components. Smart articulation and corrosion Tubular P iles and Pipes Spirally welded solutions. up to 25mm thick, up to 3m dia, unspliced lengths in excess of 60m long. Longitudinally welded Specialty P lates Heavy plate, Quench & Tempered up to 120mm thick Complete with various plate, wear plates, products that are either unable to be protective coating solutions and accessories. manufactured or are difficult to source locally. Fabricated S teel Modules Fully fabricated Reinforcing S teel / Krybar® AS reinforcing or supplied as "knock down" components steels, Cryogenic reinforcing bar and strand suitable (eg headstocks, pile caps, dolphins, jetty decks). for onshore LNG storage tanks. J S TEEL AUSTRALASIA PTY LTD 2Sydney: 0 8198 9500 Perth: 08 9278 4800 Auckland: +64 9623 2221 Brisbane: 07 3838 1900 Email: contact@)jsteel.com.au www.jsteel.com.au Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 53 FEATURE | S tructural Engineering Structural f eat winning high praise A t ourism hot spot on the Gold Coast that represents provide a high-altitude adventure walk so that people could a structural engineering feat is vying to become one of experience the views of the Gold Coast. Australia's best tourist attractions at this month's National RIS came up with some innovative engineering and safety Tourism Awards after winning the Queensland awards late last designs such as the safety and rail system and traveller harness year. design and connection devices. The company also used its SkyPoint is located on Level 77 and 78 of the Gold Coast's Q1 construction safety program called Syncron. building, which tops out at Level 85, and offers visitors the During the three month construction, no cranes were used - chance to walk around the outside of the building at height to meaning all 18t of steel, 2t of aluminium and 9000 bolts were view the Gold Coast region. manually transported via the Goods Lift. The entire structure Plans for the external building walk around the top of the Q1 was erected using rope access technicians and riggers, and building, one of the world's tallest residential towers, were all pieces were lifted into place manually using pulley and announced by the then Queensland premier Anna Bligh in winches. To make the project safer and easier, no single late-2011. Building a skywalk while the building was already component weighed over 90kg. occupied was a structural feat completed in January 2012. RIS said advanced engineering went into attaching 90kg Theme park operator Ardent Leisure contracted high-rise prefabricated steel frame sections with millimetre precision engineering specialist Roofsafe Industrial Safety (RIS) to while swinging on ropes 270m above the footpath. MI 54. C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 Structural E ngineering | FEATURE From t he Structural College by R ichard Eckhaus any E ngineers Australia (EA) members either see In e ssence, under this system UK engineering MBA as a highly complex organisation or, more professionals report failures, near misses or problems in often, are not sure how it is organised. respect of any facet of design, construction and planning As chair of the Structural College, one of the most in the construction industry to a central entity. Any aspect common comments, even from College members, is: may be included and is covered, no matter how minor. "What do Colleges do? What is their function?" It needs to be emphasised that the system is not about This is somewhat disturbing, as many others consider "dobbing in" or whistle-blowing. Rather, it is a process to the Colleges to be the lifeblood of EA. For without make the entire industry aware of problems and potential Colleges, EA could be considered as no more than a "trade problems in design and construction. union", representing the wellbeing of its membership. In providing information to CROSS, no one gets Colleges carry out the "learned society" function that blamed, no one gets prosecuted, all information is gives EA its standing as a knowledgeable body - a body completely confidential and no evidence of a specific that society can rely upon when it needs unbiased advice, nature can be used in any legal action. But by becoming a body which encourages education, innovation and sets aware of the actual problems, engineers can learn from standards. them; industry can modify products and systems which The Structural College is the gate keeper in the are potentially hazardous; educational faculties can gear field of structural engineering, with its major role as their curriculum to overcome areas of weakness; and, a learned society to overlook and set the standards of governments can legislate in identified areas of concern. professionalism in its discipline. The attempt to introduce What h as the College achieved in CROSS to Australia (CROSS- the past year? Aust) using EA as the main Initiatives i nclude the Three successful editions of the advocate has had its problems. Australian Journal of Structural Some see it as a panacea important proposal for Engineering were published and the for all ills and want to extend Australasian Structural Engineering it from the structural field to Conference in Perth was a great Australian structural all disciplines. Others would success academically, socially and rather not copy the UK model financially. engineers to join CROSS but create another one more The John Connell Gold medal fitting to Australia. Some are was awarded to Prof Mark Bradford (Confidential Reporting insisting that the business as the most eminent structural model needs to show return engineer in Australia for 2012. He on Structural Safety). for monies outlaid. will now embark on a tour of the Yet it is obvious that if major state capitals as part of the one life is saved by CROSS Eminent Speaker program. it would cover the cost of This follows last year's seminars in which Len running it a hundredfold. Dalziel, one of Australia's leading professionals in timber The most disturbing of attitudes is: "What is the benefit engineering, presented at Maroochydore, Maryborough, to our membership?" Rockhampton and Mackay. This was part of the Structural There are many that cannot see that CROSS-Aust would College initiative to provide CPD to regional engineers. effectively be of most benefit to the whole of Australia and The RW Chapman Award was presented to Professor that it is EA's ethical duty to instigate it. It is something John Wilson, Professor Emad Gad and research fellow Siva tangible that EA can return to the Australian community. Sivanerupan for their paper Seismic performance of glass As chair, I would like the Structural College to progress facade systems. this during 2013, along with a few other initiatives. These include how to encourage more of student members of EA The y ear ahead to take up graduate membership of EA, how to encourage A number of initiatives are in progress at present, tertiary education bodies to raise the standard of including the important proposal for Australian structural engineering education, and the need to clarify the ethical engineers to join CROSS (Confidential Reporting on considerations and response that our members need to Structural Safety). satisfy in their working life. None of these initiatives are For those not familiar with the CROSS initiative, it is easy to accomplish, but I am certain some will come to based on a very successful system that has been operating fruition. M in the UK for a number of years. Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 55 FEATURE | S tructural Engineering New P roducts Software f or bridge inspections Pitt&sherry h as developed software that provides was p resented by pitt&sherry bridge engineering manager bridge i nspectors with reporting tools to Andrew Sonnenberg at the Australian Small Bridges communicate information about bridge condition, Conference held in November 2012. maintenance priorities and budgets. Sonnenberg said there has been a push across Australia BridgeAsyst is a paperless software package developed to develop a more uniform approach to bridge inspection, by bridge engineers that helps predict future expenditure not only to give greater clarity in bridge repair and programs. The system aims to provide greater clarity when maintenance but to also increase the productivity of the conducting bridge inspections, and pitt&sherry said the inspectors and assessors. software provides authorities with the necessary tools to "Every bridge authority can benefit from adopting a assess bridge risk and the subsequent required works and more uniform approach," Sonnenberg said. estimated costing. Recommended improvements include electronic Bridge Asyst complies with both the VicRoads and collection of data, uniform guidance statements and Queensland Main Roads inspection methodologies. rating of defects, addition of photographs, GPS records, In d eveloping the software, pitt&sherry has also released improvements to repair cost estimates and an assessment the r eport Australian bridge inspection processes which of repair work urgency and scheduling of Level 3 calls for a uniform approach to data collection, along inspections. with standardised definitions and reporting. The report For more information go to http://www.pittsh.com.au. M New s tandard for wind loads by G eoffrey Boughton tandards A ustralia has published its latest update topographic c lassification (TO) applies to flat land, nearly S for wind loads in housing design, AS 4055-2012 flat land, and other places where there is no topographic Wind loads for housing. The standard was prepared influence on wind speed. by the technical committee to supersede AS 4055-2006 The maximum slope of the hill or escarpment is now and will be referenced in the National Construction used in the assessment of topographic class and the Code 2013 edition. interaction between the slope of land and shielding of The purpose of the revision was to align AS4055 to sites presented in AS/NZS1170.2 have also been included AS/NZS1170.2 Structural design actions Part 2: Wind in AS4055. actions. Although both standards are used to evaluate New examples are also included to illustrate the wind loads on buildings, AS4055 is restricted to housing, evaluation of site wind classifications are provided. while AS/NZS1170.2 can be used to design most However, much of AS4055, including the basic design buildings including houses. methodology, has remained the same. All of the site The differences between previous versions of these wind classifications refer to the same wind speeds as the standards led to the evaluation of different wind forces previous two versions; for example, wind classifications for some houses. AS4055 has not been revised since N3 and C1 both refer to a site gust wind speed of 50m/s 2006, but AS/NZS1170.2 has had a major revision and at roof height. The geometric limitations on houses to two amendments in the past two years. The research which the standard applies are also unchanged. that prompted the changes to AS/NZS1170.2 has now The changes to AS4055 reflect the international been incorporated into AS4055. Investigations of damage research on wind and wind forces included in AS/ to housing in severe wind events have also highlighted NZS1170.2, experience gained from investigations on some areas of AS4055 that needed to be revised. the performance of Australian housing in severe wind The most significant changes to AS4055 are in events, and the contributions from industry groups who the selection of terrain category and assessment of suggested a number of changes that make the standard topography. For example, the standard now classifies easier to interpret and apply. The revision will help water as terrain category 1 in line with the 2012 designers continue to improve the performance of future amendments to AS/NZS1170.2. Also, a new terrain Australian housing in high wind events. M category (TC 1.5) applies to wide bodies of water where some waves may contribute to roughness close to the Geoffrey B oughton is Standards Australia technical committee shore. Definitions of terrain categories 1, 2 and 3 in chair. AS 4055-2012 Wind loads for housing is available for purchase through SAl Global www.saiglobal.com/shop or by AS4055 a re now the same as in AS/NZS1170.2 and a new visiting www.standards.org.au. 56 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 LEADERSHIP Margot C airnes Leadership s trategist [email protected] w ww.margotcairnes.wordpress.com Blind s pots of the old-guard e h ave heard about the patchwork economy. bad n ews is these new business models and entrepreneurs WThe thriving mining sector and the mega- are sneaking up on traditional businesses - usually rich banks contrasted against the ailing unnoticed by the boards and leaders of the old guard manufacturing and retail sectors. Some businesses and until it is too late. For example, Kodak disappeared when people are doing fine - others are struggling. But it it failed to react in time to the digital camera and retail turns out there is a third sector, tucked away in home stores are suffering at the hands of online shopping. For offices and small warehouses across the country. This the old guard, the unknown-unknowns are their biggest sector, mainly headed by bright young entrepreneurs and threat. contractors, is planting the seeds of radical Talking recently with some switched-on change. company directors, I heard them lamenting Raised in an age of social networking and How l ong befo re in-the-box thinking of their peers. It seems super IT literacy, the stars of the hidden sector that m any boards and leaders, faced with a are reshaping the way we live, relate and do theeperc r ussions radically changing business landscape are business. We know that the traditional media of not embracin g simply putting their heads in the sand and is struggling - we are less familiar with the gettingn o with business the way it used to be. bloggers and social networkers who are taking the h idden The executive recruiters who fill board and their place. We hear of the manufacturers leadership vacancies do so with traditional laying-off hundreds of workers, we hear less economyf o IT and conservative recruits who are seen as safe. about the bright self-employed IT workers and social media The old-guard business elite keep themselves who are running businesses online in areas as to t hemselves and keep the bright minds and diverse as selling cushions through to products entrepreneurs quirky thinkers at bay. for abattoirs. i s felt by the I wonder how long it will take before the I am working with some film makers who repercussions of not noticing and embracing have been scouring the planet looking for the traditional elite? the hidden economy of IT and social media best and brightest of these new entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs i s felt by the traditional elite? I people who are using the power of social wonder how skilled the old guard is at even media to involve their clients and followers in the design, understanding the impact of the new technologies and manufacture and sale of their products and services. These business models? Not that it worries the people in the entrepreneurial businesses based on radically new business hidden economy. They are excited, their businesses are models can grow extremely quickly. Famous examples of growing, their influence increases and they know that this are Facebook and Twitter - but there are thousands of the future is theirs. Where do you stand? Are you so successful but less notable examples. entrenched in the old ways that you are unaware of "what This is both good news and bad news. The good lies beneath" or do you understand the leading edge of news is there is work for bright young people. There are business, the stars creating the new way forward, currently emerging business opportunities - the future is bright. The unrecognised but having too much fun to care? M Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 57 INNOVATION C ASE STUDY Opening t he mind to a world of possibilities Dianne B oddy recently became an honorary fellow of Engineers Australia, recognising her lifetime achievements. She has designed 65 different types of conveying systems, including 38 patents and approximately 2000 documented designs. In this a rticle, she reflects on her career. Dianne B oddy's 400 cans/min syruping machine. E n gineering, for me, was the most exciting career I "No". I r ecall loving physics and hating mathematics until could h ave imagined. I was excited by the possibility I suddenly discovered what I could do with it, and I was of creating state-of-the-art machinery and designing indifferent in the humanities. I would have been around complete process plants. As it turned out I have been the 20 percentile mark of my year, based on general exam involved in activities as diverse as researching robotic results. So I was not and never have been "brilliant" - equipment, designing high-gravity research equipment "passionate" yes. and been part of the development of a revolutionary new I was never able to attend university. My mother vehicle suspension. struggled as a war widow and I simply had to have gainful I have also been involved in materials testing, mining employment. This was not easy as I had no specific exploration, container loading and whatever came my qualifications but I landed a job in a large engineering way - around 2000 projects for which I typically had sole works to trace engineering drawings for their engineers. I mechanical design authority. In the process I developed had direct access to all the company's designs and massive my own workshops, learnt to machine, assemble, install workshop facilities, covering boiler making, sheet metal many of my own control systems and commissioned plant work, fabrication, machining, pattern making, tool making, that I built myself. I tackled every design project brought and assembly and testing bays. I was fascinated - it was a to me. Becoming the 2010 recipient of the AGM Michell creator's heaven. Naturally I wanted to design. Medal was the most exciting event to happen in my career I learned the benefit of mentors who are all around now exceeding 60 years! us. I had an elderly and kindly design office manager, an Was I an exceptional student? The answer is a definite energetic and knowledgeable sales manager and a works 58 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 INNOVATION C ASE STUDY An a utomatic manipulator for manual shearing capable of accessing the entire fleece, designed by Boddy. manager a ll of whom encouraged and direct c areer in sales but making myself assisted me. Mentors feel immensely invaluable in engineering food plant. proud and satisfied to pass on their Three years later, I was promoted to "My d esign knowledge. It is also important that supervise the design of all equipment young engineers have challenge and the relating to food products handled by philosophy was opportunity to have achievements which the company and to develop ranges of maintain their youthful enthusiasm and existing equipment. create confidence in them. Deny that always I am not a good general sales person, in their early employment and you risk but any plant or automation that I have stifling or snubbing out what could have to simplify." proposed was so carefully thought out been a vital asset. that I could all but guarantee getting an I saw my opening and starting making order to design it, then to manufacture it copious notes about everything I could find relating to and finally see it commissioned. My confidence in selling harvesting, canning and packaging of food products. This my own concepts was boundless. led me to being invited to join sales trips to the various This was best illustrated in the 1960s when the first large canneries and food manufacturing plants that existed high-speed can seamers became available, doubling the in those days (the 1950s). I studied how they handled output of their earlier models. This generated the need and processed different products, some one way and for a new generation of high-speed sterilisers for syruping some another. I secretly carried a stop watch and counters machines to cook and cool the canned product. Three making notes as to the number of operators doing European manufacturers had developed differing solutions different tasks, conveyor widths and speeds, marrying such using columns of water to achieve a valveless transit into data to specific equipment that we had likely supplied. pressure zones at elevated temperatures. A US company I could see the efficiency with which various sectors of had designed a fourth concept, built by our Melbourne such plants might enjoy with the ebb and flow of differing plant, that was an utter functional disaster. product sizes and varieties. I observed the environment in It was in this climate that I undertook to design and which plant had to operate, how it was serviced and the sell a vacuum syruping machine at nearly twice the state- calibre of the staff available to operate and service it. All of-the-art speed using a totally original fifth conceptual of this was to ensure that I could design the very best of arrangement. My reputation was such that I had no anything I was likely to be involved in. I was not seeking a problem in ... Story continues over to 60-61 ... Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 59 YOUNG E NGINEERS Why e thics matter to Australian engineers working in Asia by J ames Polkinghorne nprecedented e conomic growth across rn Asia and the subsequent demand for new ger or upgraded infrastructure is presenting nr e immense opportunities for Australias engineering community. Asia offers Australian firms gn increasing access to a large and diverse array of markets, allowing them to expand their businesses from both volume and geographic standpoints "L4, and better position themselves to offset the dependence on cyclical domestic demand. However, despite the many benefits available by conducting business in Asia, it is critical that Australian engineers can also identify and manage the risks associated with operating in markets where ethical standards may vary. There are several reasons why this issue is so important to engineers as we move further James P olkinghorne on site. into the Asian Century. Firstly, relatively unknown Australian and international anti- corruption laws have been enacted in the past decade with s uch incidents is a less tangible but also very serious and are being increasingly enforced, posing serious risks consequence. Clearly it is essential then that Australian to businesses and individuals alike who are prepared to engineers do not fall into the mindset that operating across engage in unethical practice. For instance, punishments Asia's diverse cultures is an excuse to adopt flexible ethical for Australians caught bribing foreign officials range from standards, as the personal and business risks are simply too multi-million dollar fines for their companies and jail great to test. terms for both the individuals involved and their directors. There are also broader economic impacts to consider. In some Asian countries the death penalty may even be The presence of corruption within the engineering industry imposed for the same offence. Furthermore, the reputational causes tremendous inefficiencies within a country's damage to businesses and their employees associated economy, as the combined value of its services are critical INNOVATION C ASE STUDY ... S tory continued from 58-59 ... convincing the client wearn o the expensive carrier chains, we made a same day that we could deliver a machine with this output. sale. In less than six months we designed the equipment, I proposed a radical new way of inserting cans into and manufactured it, assembled it and commissioned what out of the conveyor flights bringing the feed and discharge today would have exceeded one million dollars worth of back to ground level but still requiring several stories plant. in height to gain the pressure needed. It was then that I I moved out of the food processing industry towards realised that by pressurising the head sprocket assembly the end of the seventies, doing numerous projects by following that of the pressure dome I could force the reputation. I later secured the position of consulting water column to virtually the top of the plant which, in mechanical design engineer at the University of Western conjunction with a second pressurised section, allowing a Australia heading a mechanical design team to research substantial lowering of the plant's overall height to 6.7m, and develop robotic sheep shearing, gaining many patents fitting into their existing building. and writing numerous papers. I had a copper calorimeter made and did my own heat This work expanded my private practice, gaining me transfer studies to ensure adequate cooking and cooling. a reputation in the design of research equipment for Armed with the above and answers as to how to insert the materials testing, environmental fluid dynamics and geo- equipment into their plant and why there would be less mechanics research equipment for large centrifuges around 60 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 YOUNG E NGINEERS for d eveloping and sustaining a vibrant financial system. engineering i ndustry bodies and especially engineering Corruption within the engineering sector ultimately hinders related businesses need to take immediate action to ensure market effectiveness by deterring foreign investment and their students, members and employees understand both the reducing productivity, anchoring a country's economic risks and consequences involved in conducting unethical growth potential and its overall competitiveness. To try business abroad. The legal risks alone are significant enough and understand the financial impact of this problem to deter Australian engineers, as excuses ranging from a Transparency International estimates that within the global lack of adequate education in foreign bribery laws or plain construction industry alone, 10% of revenue generated ignorance to their existence are baseless and will not be each year is lost to corruption. This equates to roughly considered a legitimate defence. Furthermore, the traditional $320 billion every year, which when put in context is "when in Rome" mindset too often adopted previously by approximately half a per cent of the entire global economy. people working in foreign environments will not be met Alarmingly though, this figure does not include the with any sympathy either. In fact, out-of-touch individuals financial cost of corruption from the extractive and energy who persist with this offensive, ignorant and racist mentality industries, which are ranked along with construction among will simply be the earliest examples of such laws being the top five most corrupt sectors on the planet - and enforced. notably these are all industries highly dependent upon the The engineering community is highly adept at achieving skills of engineers, particularly those trained in Australia. great technological breakthroughs, evident in the very Laws and economics aside, the effects of corruption facilities we use every day. However, the sector's continued within the engineering sector are not victimless. This kills reluctance to address a widespread culture of corruption people. Faulty workmanship, forged documentation and also has a profoundly negative effect on the lives of millions permits, or simply cost cutting on basic design principles of people throughout the world. Engineers enjoy the collectively produce substandard engineering outcomes benefits of an education that allows them to make frequent, - generally inadequate structures and services that our positive impacts to society - however the reputation and communities pay for and trust to be built correctly. What integrity of their profession is badly scarred due to the lack is most unfortunate is that the greatest victims of a corrupt of moral fortitude displayed by too many of its members. engineering industry are the people living in the most Taking that into account, as Australian engineers have disadvantaged environments. When corruption inhibits increasingly influential roles in designing and delivering projects moving forward cost effectively or from quality the infrastructure of which Asia's future is dependent, never standpoints, the poorest populations are the ones who before have their responses to ethical challenges been so don't have safe shelter during typhoons, cannot access clean important. M drinking water or enjoy basic services such as medical facilities, schools and transport systems. These are not James P olkinghorne has worked in the construction and isolated outcomes, they occur every day. engineering sectors across Asia Pacific, India and the Middle East - North Africa region. He is the co-founder and Director of Asia Ultimately corruption within the engineering industry Civil, a Singapore-based engineering and construction services kills people, increases poverty, destroys the environment, company, and founder of the Essential Infrastructure Group, compromises the delivery of essential infrastructure a charity organisation that provides engineering support to projects in disadvantaged communities worldwide. and ignores the fundamental rules of law - unjustifiable impacts when you consider it stems from unethical yet conscious decisions. Accordingly, academic institutions, the w orld. For the US Army, I designed the servo-actuator might e xpand the flexibility of the final design. Then, and assemblies for the world's largest centrifuge at the time. only then, do I start choosing solutions and refining them In tackling difficult projects, I break them down into into an overall spatial solution. what I believe will be the necessary functional elements. In this process, I am mindful of relating the cost I then brainstorm each of these functions to see how to the outcome (from the client's perspective), the many ways I might evolve a design for just that function. physical environment in which it must operate, the type I find that it is important to do this in isolation of each of manufacturing facilities that would be available or of the remaining functions. In a sense I am seeking the required, the quality and experience of their operators and ultimate boundaries of what I would like to achieve in that service staff, and the alternatives to any uncertain aspects function, if and when I integrate it into the entire concept. of the design. I do not exclude impractical ideas as they can become My design philosophy was always to simplify being practical in association with other ideas. greatly aided by studying value analysis. Follow these I open the mind to as many ideas as possible (at least principles and you will be amazed at the quality of your 10 to 20 possible ways of doing each function). As you outcomes, the innovative material you generate and the think of one possibility it sparks two or three others and fact that you haven't just provided a solution - you have so on. I study the advantages and disadvantages of each provided the very best solution possible. M in terms of space, simplicity and cost, and whether they Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 61 KNOWLEDGE M ANAGEMENT KMn i large organisations rBy D Tim Kannegieter arge o rganisations always McIvor b egan keeping a note of the L generate particular knowledge experience of people he came across in the management (KM) challenges. organisation. He also started sending them In such organisations it is inevitable snippets of news via an email list that he that issues will arise around "the established. McIvor quickly became known left hand not knowing what the as the "go-to" person for finding expertise right hand is doing". In the early in the organisation. 1990s, former CEO of HP Lew Platt In KM terms, Mclvor is what might famously said: "If only HP knew be called a "boundary spanner". The KM what HP knows, we would be three- sub-discipline of social network analysis times more productive." is devoted to identifying such people who Typical challenges for large connect different groups of people in organisations include locating organisations or, more to the point, where expertise within the organisation such people don't exist. Such roles are and reusing knowledge generated on important and should be fostered, but can't various activities in other locations be solely relied upon with an organisation and also at a later time. This of 40,000 people. very real business requirement is McIvor is now in charge of a KM deceptively difficult to address, and program that has seen the development of led to many out-of-date "expertise WorleyParson i M group manager Colin around 90 collaboration portals, variously Mclvor accepting an award for the directories" and best-practice company at the World Knowledge Forum called "virtual centres of excellence repositories that became cemeteries. last year. "discipline portals" or "communities of Many organisations used these early practice". failures as an excuse to abandon KM efforts. Nonetheless, The largest communities have several thousand the business requirement has not gone away. members and cover key disciplines such as process and With over 40,000 people in 163 offices throughout mechanical engineering. Mclvor said engineers in each 41 countries (up from 4000 people in just eight years), major discipline are encouraged to set alerts on online WorleyParsons typifies this challenge discussion boards so they can join in in engineering organisations. There is conversations and, more importantly, no set dividing line, but I would guess "We a re seeing the answer questions. that any organisation with more than "Using this approach we can pretty a few hundred employees would face much solve any problem a client has, development of similar challenges. It is instructive since there will be somebody within to look at how WorleyParsons has the organisation that has done a a whole range of addressed the issue, particularly as similar problem before or will know they won a MAKE (Most Admired somebody who has. Knowledge Enterprise) award for the informal networks "We also encourage our graduates Asia region at the World Knowledge to set alerts and follow conversations Forum last year. which are just as to see how real world problems Dr Colin McIvor is the iM group get solved - kind of like an online manager - knowledge management valuable as the apprenticeship." at WorleyParsons. He fell into the There are also many niche role after working as manager of the formal system." communities covering everything advanced analysis group. He said: "I from fracture mechanics to cost had to be able to assemble teams of estimating and the use of a variety of experts quickly to solve problems that arose on projects design packages. or assist clients after catastrophic failures, like offshore McIvor said: "We have portals around very specialist explosions. At the time, it was difficult to do because as areas such as computational fluid dynamics, which may an organisation we didn't know what we knew and we only have 20 members. This allows people with very were not bringing the right people to bear on particular narrow fields of expertise, who may be the only expert at problems." a particular location, to interact with everybody else in the 62 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 KNOWLEDGE M ANAGEMENT company w ho is an expert in the same field. This leads to time, o n-budget focused and so taking time out to share a considerable amount of sharing of software experience information can take a low priority. and being able to form virtual teams instead of having "People tend to get overwhelmed as they feel they have isolated pockets. The portals also allow people with no so much information to add but never think they will have experience in these areas to find resources." the time to do it." In all the communities, "considerable use is made of Rather than putting everything in at once, McIvor profiling, identifying people's skillsets, which helps people tries to encourage senior engineers to just try to make get a quick understanding of another person's skill set. We time to put in one document per month. WorleyParsons use mapping tools to physically find where various pockets also has over 300 nominated "knowledge champions" in of expertise reside." most geographic locations as well as in joint ventures and McIvor said the main intent of these communities is alliances. These champions are people on the ground who to provide a single portal to access all the information help people get started in the KM systems, help them set WorleyParsons has in that discipline and to give access to up alerts and encourage them to complete their profiles. experts through discussion boards. They also let people know of new features and feedback The portals include a variety of information resources, information about how the systems are or are not working. including 2200 technical standards, 17,000 Wiki entries, McIvor said: "The role doesn't require a lot of time and 350 technical papers and over 2000 historical documents is funded by the location. If the systems are seen to be called "go-bys", similar to precedents used in the legal adding value, then the location will see the benefit in this." profession. All of WorleyParson's design codes and The above approach to KM is what I would describe as technical books are online along a conventional but necessary approach with a software register, equipment for large organisations. However, model database and a lessons-learned WorleyParsons also employs a variety database. "The m ain cultural other approaches. For example, job While the statistics of all the rotations are encouraged and there is content in the system are impressive, challenge is getting a graduate development organisation it's important to understand that the that shares training and development key to KM success is the facilitation of people to take tips. relationships among the community McIvor b elieves that the company members, not the population of the time to share has come a long way over the past databases. few years, from a few isolated Mclvor said: "We make sure that information on the databases to a wide range of vibrant we pick the right people to own and online communities more focused on lead each community. They are super system." connecting people than storing data. keen people who encourage others to "We are currently investigating participate. The discussion boards are increased use of social media to then seeded to ensure they generate valuable and lively allow staff to better stay connected and share information discussion. without resorting to email," Mclvor said. "What happens is that the same people often answer "We also have plans for an internal app store to questions around particular topics and they develop a facilitate access to our knowledge systems on mobile reputation. People contact them offline to talk through devices. Metadata and information tagging are being issues. So we are seeing the development of a whole investigated through a company-specific taxonomy, range of informal networks which are just as valuable allowing us to push targeted information to staff. as the formal system. Additionally, global monthly "The ability to 'crowd source' to solve problems and teleconferences are now facilitated for each discipline to innovate is also going to be increasingly important, in discuss problems, resourcing and upcoming projects." terms of how we deliver to our clients and also how we For WorleyParsons, the value proposition of its KM better engage staff. However, this is just the beginning of systems is the ability to provide enhanced services to its the journey and there is still a long way to go. customers. Mclvor said: "When you engage a person from "One of the major challenges is that a large number WorleyParsons you are gaining access to a network of of staff are not in WorleyParsons offices. This is driving global resources. We say buy one and get 39,999 free." the development of an any-device, any-time, any-where The major challenge (as in any organisation) is cultural. approach to IT development. Another challenge is that McIvor said: "The biggest evangelists of the system are the English is not universal in the organisation and this is senior managers who have lots of experience, because they being addressed by the use of auto-translating systems on can see the need for it and the benefits. its internal news services." "However, the main cultural challenge is getting people to take the time to share information on the system. All Dr T im Kannegieter is the managing editor of Engineers Media. of our managers appreciate the system but are very on- Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 63 OBITUARIES Peter B roughton Taylor 1943-2013 E n gineers Australia has paid Taylor s erved as national president tributeo t former chief executive of the Institute of Public Works Peter Taylor who passed away Engineers Australia in 1999-2001 from cancer in January. EA national and received the Centenary Medal president Dr Marlene Kanga expressed in 2003 for his contribution to local her condolences to his family on behalf government engineering. of the Council, Congress, staff and Taylor became chief executive of 100,000 members. Engineers Australia in February 2004. "As former chief executive, Peter "During his seven year term as led a change process that saw the chief executive, Peter was highly organisation grow into a major regarded for his great leadership skills, force within the global engineering his strategic approach and his ability profession," she said. to identify practical solutions with "His commitment and lasting determination and resolve," Kanga said. contribution to the profession and this Past national president Rolfe organisation will not be forgotten." Hartley said: "Peter put Engineers Before b ecoming chief executive A civil engineer, Taylor graduated Australia on a sound financial of Engineers Australia, Peter Taylor from the Royal Military College footing and introduced the strategic served in the Army and worked in Duntroon, the University of planning process and new by-laws local government. Queensland and the Indian Defence that today guide the organisation. Services Staff College. He held He drew the divisions and national engineering appointments in the office of Engineers Australia into Australian Army from 1968 to 1976, a single organisation with a strong including active service in Vietnam, common purpose and vision. He saw before beginning a career in local clearly that Engineers Australia is a government, initially in Hobart, members' organisation and that it then Launceston, and finally in draws its strength from the spirit and Toowoomba, where he rose to become enthusiasm of the membership, an chief executive of Toowoomba City enthusiasm that he certainly shared. Council. The continued development that Taylor's friend and former RSL Engineers Australia is embarking on national president Bill Crews, paid today would not be possible without tribute to his military and local the stable foundations that Peter Taylor government achievements: "He provided." sought to establish a structured Past national president Julie working environment within which Hammer said: "Peter's leadership of he encouraged, trained, and mentored EA brought with it a strong emphasis his people to achieve their full on planning and accountability, potential. He brought his considerable something that was probably instilled engineering, financial management in him during his engineering and corporate governance skills and and Army training. Peter's legacy experience to bear to provide strategic is an organisation with enviable frameworks, set clear and achievable financial security for its members. objectives, and lead his team to achieve His leadership also encouraged them. collaboration and teamwork amongst "He has touched the lives of many staff and office bearers, liberally laced in a most positive way. He did so with a good dose of humour." M while making substantial contributions to the communities within which he lived, particularly in Toowoomba, and also demonstrating a love and commitment to his family which has been an inspiration to those who had the privilege of knowing him well" 64 C ivil Engineers Australia | February 2013 OBITUARIES Paul G rundy 1936-2013 E n gineers Australia and the Structural Engineers ( IABSE) in 1999 and served on College m ourn the loss of Professor numerous IABSE committees. Emeritus Paul Grundy, one of Grundy became a Member of the Australia's leading engineers in the field Order of Australia in recognition of his of disaster risk reduction and a passionate tireless work in 2008 in trying to save lives educator at Monash University. and property from rare but catastrophic Grundy graduated from the University disasters. of Melbourne with a bachelor of civil He was involved in a major initiative engineering in 1957, followed by an following the disastrous Indian Ocean MEngSc in 1960, and completed his PhD earthquake and tsunami of 26 December at the University of Cambridge, UK in 2004, forming a group to develop and 1961. implement the Guide for disaster reduction He then returned to Australia to serve on the Coasts of the Indian Ocean. He at Monash University from 1966 to 2000. launched the Joint Working Commission During this time he held the positions of Professor E meritus Paul Grundy for Disaster Reduction on Coasts in 2005. Chair Professor of Structural Engineering was an expert in disaster risk He said: "The simple idea of making and then head of the Department of Civil reduction. structures disaster-resilient has to be Engineering. embedded in a wider system to make the Grundy's central interest was the lifetime performance community resilient; this includes early warning systems of structures (bridges, buildings, ship and offshore and community education." structures) in hostile environments under dynamic and In 2010, Grundy was awarded the John Connell repeated loading. He was involved in research into load Gold Medal by Engineers Australia for his outstanding spectrums, fatigue and fracture, incremental collapse, risk achievements in structural engineering. In 2011, he assessment and life extension applied to wrought iron, toured Australia as an Eminent Speaker on "Disaster risk steel, concrete, composite and fibre-reinforced materials. reduction - the engineer's role". After his retirement, he continued consulting on Grundy mentored young engineers throughout his structural integrity, including advice on the West Gate career and was a role model for others to emulate. Bridge in Melbourne. Engineers Australia, the Structural College board and Grundy became chair of the Australian group of members pass on their heartfelt sorrow to Grundy's family the International Association for Bridge and Structural at this most difficult time. M Stuart H ornery 1939-2012 Former L end Lease executive chairman Stuart Hornery in l ife insurance, superannuation, funds management, ndied o 31 December 2012. information technology, payroll systems and banking He was named an Honorary Fellow of Engineers as well as construction and real estate across Australia, Australia in 2002, a grade awarded for conspicuous service USA, Europe and Asia. During his tenure, the company to the engineering profession or outstanding achievement. grew from a market capitalisation of $30 million to an Born in Muswellbrook, NSW, Hornery began his international conglomerate capitalised at $10 billion. working life with BHP in Newcastle before moving to the On his retirement from Lend Lease in 2000, the Metropolitan Water Sewerage and Drainage Board with employees and shareholders recognised his contribution by Randwick Council. establishing the Hornery Institute to support community In 1964 he graduated in civil engineering from the development. University of NSW and became a site engineer with Lend He has also served as director of Westpac, IBM Asia Lease's civil construction business Civil and Civic. Ten Pacific and IBM Global Services Australia. years later, he rose to chief executive. Hornery was a member of the Australian National In 1977 he was appointed general manager of the Lend Training Authority from its inception in 1992, and Lease Group and a year later became managing director. chairman from 1995 until 2002. The organisation was In 1988 he was appointed executive chairman of Lend responsible for the strategic direction of vocational Lease Corporation, a position he would hold for nearly education in Australia. 25 years. During that time, the company changed from He was named Officer in the Order of Australia in 1988 an engineering contractor, project manager and property and received the Centenary Medal in 2001. MW investor to a financial services company, specialising Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 65 Mathcad Software f or Engineers Spend l ess time documenting and icrostran o ffers a new option that permits the rapid design of steel connections in a Microstran model. After selecting the connection type at any location design data and more time engineering actions are automatically transferred to a new window where you can interactively design the connection. Many connection types are available, including shear and moment connections, bracing connections, and hollow section truss connections. The latest models from the ASZ Connections Series are used. ASINZS 4 600:2005 > 2 50,000 engineers A n ew design option allows you to check cold-formed steel members to AS/NZS 4600:2005. can't be wrong hearne.com.au/mathcad ®Hearne s oftware c yee i F wam ~- ). Moving L oad Graphics A F The new moving loads graphical interface simplifies the input of lane and loading definitions. Multiple load cases are created automatically and results may be quickly assessed using the envelope facility. A M any Engineers use BricsCAD. Download a free trial at: For m ore information contact: BRIGSCAD w ww.bricsys.com Engineering Systems Pty Limited Tel: (02) 9488 9622 Fax: (02) 9488 7883 www.microstran.com.au fly K ramerCAD Q J Drafting Services BALLARAT HAVE C ONTRACT - WILL TRAVEL! Serviced E xecutive Houses www.facebook.com/KramercadDraftingServices Longr o short stay Contact M ick Kramer AMIEAust Quality - Comfort - Convenience Civil and Mechanical Colleges Ph: 02 6029 7164 M: 0428 537 995 0488 1 26 699 Email: [email protected] Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 9 m INDUC TA www.inducta.com . au E NG I1 N|A E N G tel:02 9267 0114, Sydney, NSW |< SLABS & R /C UILDING S oftware The M ost Comprehensive Software for Reinforced Concrete Building Design = 8 8 B AMZ EEE slal=l= B Taare. } br be To vvvvv te tn ton 124444 Acicl-i~ Tn AVAvAlelvlv. | 3033 'in U| 3 hhhnhh. v3 tre .hnvlllllll E4 / ..' IME . / _u..--l-.‘ll.l_LLl. / "nun" ‘LA-rrrrrr‘rrmrrrrrrA I 5 X‘(dy u / / / Model Courtesy of ,;,j;:;;.:;;;;;mmb JONES NICHOLSON Pty Ltd / Now with 64-bit E ngine Power a nd Speed for Large Models 1 S PACE GASS 11 Stokes 5th o rder non-linear theory Stokes' 2 nd order non-linear theory Announcing t he new Sea Load module for SPACE GASS Airey linear theory w w w.spacegass.com/S eal o a d Wave loads Ocean currents [ # seace cass 11 - seatomn testn 0002 Fle Edt Stucture Loads View Settings Window Help Marine growth , i > qustart Guide , Drag and roughness Bouyancy r~ # c:| +|&| T+ |*|) ® m) :: ‘gllifi m H < & onss x 3 8 8 & & L oads:NNYNNNNNNTN P4 F in 8 5 hn e 3 @ w w w. s paceg ass. com Civil E ngineers Australia | February 2013 67 INFRASTRUCTURE f A USTRALIA INFRASTRUCTURE TL AUSTRALIA annual magazine - April 2013; a- ¥ T he advertising medium to reach 55,869* professional engineers A The authoritative source of information on Australian infrastructure projects ¥ Value-added digital version activated for 12 months - http://infrastructureaustralia.realviewtechnologies.com ¥ Published April 2013 ¥ Advertising booking deadline - 25 March 2013 ¥ F or advertising information contact Terry Marsden - 02 9438 1533 - AB* C April to September 2012 circulation figure for both editions of Engineers Australia magazine