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Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) En La Península De Paria, Estado Sucre, Venezuela

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Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) En La Península De Paria, Estado Sucre, Venezuela NOTA Saber, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela. Vol. 28 Nº 1:171-176. (2016) ISSN: 2343-6468 Digital / Depósito Legal ppi 198702SU4231 ISSN: 1315-0162 Impreso / Depósito Legal pp 198702SU187 PRIMER REPORTE AL NORTE DEL RÍO ORINOCO PARA Siphlophis cervinus (Laurenti, 1768) (SERPENTES: DIPSADIDAE: XENODONTINAE) EN LA PENÍNSULA DE PARIA, ESTADO SUCRE, VENEZUELA FIRST RECORD TO THE NORTH ORINOCO RIVER FOR Siphlophis cervinus (Laurenti, 1768) (SERPENTES: DIPSADIDAE: XENODONTINAE) IN THE PENÍNSULA DE PARIA, SUCRE STATE, VENEZUELA DIEGO FLORES PADRÓN1, MAYKE DE FREITAS2, EDWARD CAMARGO3 1Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo de Sucre, Escuela de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Herpetología, Cumaná, Venezuela, 2Fundación Proyecto Paria, Rio Caribe, Venezuela, 3Museo EBRG, Oficina Nacional de Diversidad Biológica, Maracay, Venezuela. E-mail: [email protected] RESUMEN La serpiente mimética Siphlophis cervinus es una especie preferentemente arbórea cuya distribución en el país solo fue conocida hacia el sur del río Orinoco. Recientemente, se tuvo la oportunidad de recolectar un individuo macho adulto de 966 mm de longitud total que proviene de la Península de Paria, estado Sucre (tramo oriental de la Cordillera de La Costa, al norte del río Orinoco). Además, dicho registro permite consolidar aún más la idea acerca de las relaciones biogeográficas entre el sistema montañoso de la Península de Paria y la región Guayano- Amazónica. PALABRAS CLAVE: Península de Paria, Dipsadidae, bosques nublados. ABSTRACT The mimic snake Siphlophis cervinus is a species maily arboreal whose distribution in the country was known only to the south of the Orinoco River. Recently, there was the opportunity to collect a male adult of 960 mm in total length from Paria Peninsula, Sucre state (eastern extreme of the Coastal Ridge, to the north of the Orinoco River). In addition, said register allows to consolidate the idea on the biogeographical relationships between the mountain system of Paria Peninsula and the Guayanese-Amazonian region. KEY WORDS: Paria Peninsula, Dipsadidae, cloud forest. El género Siphlophis es casi exclusivamente al. 1998, Martins y Oliveira 1999, Marques et al. suramericano (excepto por Siphlophis compressus 2001, Alencar et al. 2009, 2013, Gaiarsa et al. y S. cervinus que se extienden hasta 2013, Sheehy et al. 2014, Santos-Costa et al. Centroamérica) constituido por siete especies de 2015). hábitos terrestres, arborícolas y/o semiarborícolas, y que exhiben un coloración dorsal con colores Geográficamente S. cervinus ocurre desde muy llamativos que funcionan como señales Panamá en Centroamérica, luego se extiende por aposemáticas (falsas corales) (cf. Savage y Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Slowinski 1992). Dentro del clado de los Guayana Francesa y Brasil en el norte de pseudoboinos son serpientes esencialmente Suramérica (Barrio et al. 1998). Con referencia al nocturnas y que se alimentan mayormente de país solo había sido reportada para los estados lagartos (se consideran especialistas), aunque Amazonas y Bolívar. En marzo del 2014 durante otros tetrápodos también constituyen parte de su una salida exploratoria de la Fundación Proyecto dieta como anfibios, serpientes y pequeños Paria se halló un ejemplar macho adulto (EBRG mamíferos, y que suelen estar asociadas a 6636) (Fig. 1), de 966 mm de longitud total, en el regiones con un alto nivel pluviométrico en donde cerro Cachipal (coordenadas 10.630627 N y es poco habitual observarlas durante el día. 62.755077 O) extremo sureste del Parque Durante la noche pueden ser observadas siempre Nacional Península de Paria, estado Sucre. Una por encima del sotobosque donde cazan a sus interpretación de la vegetación circundante potenciales presas, las cuales son apresadas y permite señalar que el área se corresponde con un luego engullidas mientras duermen, especialmente ecotono entre el bosque húmedo tropical y el una variedad de saurios arborícolas como bosque nublado costero a 800 msnm (Fig. 2). El iguánidos (cf. Sazima y Argôlo 1994, Prudente et lugar de avistamiento cuenta con lechos amplios 171 Recibido: junio 2015. Aprobado: septiembre 2015 Versión final: febrero 2016 FLORES PADRÓN et al. de musgos sobre una cama de hojarascas que Asplenium serra, Elaphoglossum lingua, cubre un suelo pantanoso, con una vegetación Hymenophyllum polyanthos, Nephrolepis exuberante constituida por especies arbóreas de biserrata, Oleandra articulata, Olfersia cervina y altura intermedia y/o emergentes (15-30 m), entre Polypodium loriceum (véase Ataroff y García- las que destacan: Gordonia fruticolosa, Núñes 2013). Desde el punto de vista Eschweirlera tenax y Topobea steyermarkii. Por fitogeográfico los sistemas montañosos de la su parte, el sotobosque lo constituyen árboles de Península de Paria y el Macizo de Turimiquire menor porte y arbustos tales como Psychotria presentan una estrecha relación con la región de cuspidata, Piper parianum, Clibadium Guayana, de manera singular también ocurre con surinamense, además de un estrato herbáceo cuyas algunos grupos de mamíferos y reptiles (cf. especies dominantes son helechos como Steyermark 1974, Bisbal 1998, Sánchez et al. Dryopteris leprieurii y Trichomanes trigonum, y 2004, Manzanilla y Sánchez 2005, Manzanilla et las hierbas Heliconia revoluta, Renealmia al. 2006, Marín 2010, Velásquez et al. 2012, thyrsoidea, Calathea casupito y Besleria Marín-Espinoza et al. 2014), siendo este género hirsutissima. Las epífitas son muy importantes: de falsas corales un claro ejemplo de esta Asplumdia moritziana, Elleanthus relación. Otras serpientes con similar patrón arpophyllostachys, Epidendrum dunstervileorum, biogeográfico podemos mencionar a Lachesis Anthurium aripoense, Philodendron sp., muta, Epicrates cenchria, Clelia clelia, Guzmania coriostrachya, Aechmea aripensis, Pseudoboa coronata, Chironius scurrulus y Peperonia tenuipes, Trichomanes cristatum, Spilotes sulphureus, entre otras. A B C Figura 1. Ejemplar de Siphlophis cervinus recolectado en el Cerro Cachipal (A) versus ejemplares brasileños (B) y (C). Fotografías de Paulo Melo Sampaio. Saber, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela. Vol. 28 Nº 1:171-176. (2016) 172 Primer reporte al norte del río Orinoco para Siphlophis cervinus… Figura 2. Detalles de la vegetación hallada en la localidad Cerro Cachipal, Península de Paria, estado Sucre, Venezuela. En términos generales la lepidosis se siendo estos altamente resaltantes y contrastantes corresponde con otros datos documentados de la a pesar que no existe información meteorológica especie a lo largo de su distribución (cf. Dixon y constante para la Península de Paria. Además, los Soini 1977, Chippaux 1986, Pérez-Santos y autores lograron registrar temperaturas inferiores a Moreno et al. 1988, Cunha y Nascimiento 1993, los 19°C y una humedad relativa de Murphy 1997, Barrio-Amoros et al. 1998) (Tabla aproximadamente 95% al momento de ser 1). Es muy probable que su área de distribución recolectado el individuo. Esto muestra una posible no se restrinja a las entidades territoriales relación de la especie con bosques densos con un previamente documentadas sino que ocurra en alto nivel pluviométrico, más no una vinculación a otros estados que conforman el arco suroriental altas o bajas temperaturas, como también es el del país, pudiendo en el futuro esperarse una caso de S. compressus (cf. Martins y Oliveira distribución más amplia que incluye las zonas 1998, Alencar et al. 2013). más prístinas del estado Bolívar y el Delta Amacuro por la Sierra de Imataca, pasando por el La población está presente en un área macizo del Turimiquire (estados Anzoátegui, considerada en riesgo que a pesar de estar en las Sucre y Monagas) hasta la Península de Paria afueras del Parque Nacional Península de Paria, (Fig. 3), pero tal asunción requiere de donde se observaron muchos parches afectados confirmación. No existen datos sobre la densidad por la tala ilegal para la obtención de madera (Fig. poblacional, pero es una especie extremadamente 4). Aunque no existe una figura que haga hincapié complicada de hallar, lo que coincide con lo en la protección del área, en el mismo Parque mencionado por Murphy (1997). A pesar de tener Nacional existe un grado importante de un rango de distribución bastante amplio, es deforestación. Estudios adicionales son necesarios posible que la especie ocurra en densidades a futuro para analizar el estado de conservación de discretas al menos en el tramo oriental de las poblaciones que yacen al norte del río Orinoco, Venezuela. aunque preocupa de manera inmediata la acelerada pérdida de su hábitat, siendo además Barrio-Amoros et al. (1998) mencionaron una especie mimética a las corales y por ende datos ecológicos importantes como altitud, susceptible a ser aniquilida por los pobladores de temperatura media anual y humedad relativa, la zona. Saber, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela. Vol. 28 Nº 1:171-176. (2016) 173 FLORES PADRÓN et al. Figura 3. Localidades en Venezuela para las que se ha reportado Siphlophis cervinus (puntos azules los mencionados por Barrio-Amoros et al. 1998: Gavilan estado Amazonas y Los Pijiguaos. Punto amarillo se corresponde con el ejemplar recolectado en este trabajo EBRG 6636 en la Península de Paria: Cerro Cachipal (62.755077 O 10.630627 N). La zona lineada representa las localidades donde posiblemente se pueda encontrar esta especie, puesto que las localidades se comparan tanto florísticamente y como de humedad ambiental relativa. Figura 4: Extracción de madera en el Cerro Cachipal. Saber, Universidad
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