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Japan. J. Pharmacol. 34, 23-31 (1984) 23 Effect of (t)-2-[p-(2-Thenoyl) Phenyl] Propionic Acid (Suprofen) on Experimental Allergic Reactions FusayukiYOKOYA, Tamaki NAKAYAMA, Kenji SAKAMOTO, Kazuo OHHIRA,Yasuhiro OHSHIKA,Yukio MORI*, Kazumi TOYOSHI*, Hiroichi NAGAI*and Akihide KODA* PharmaceuticalResearch Laboratory, Taiyo Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nishinoisshiki-cho,2-181, Takayama, Gifu 506, Japan *GifuCollege of Pharmacy, 6-1, Mitahora-higashi5-chome, Gifu 502, Japan AcceptedAugust 8, 1983 Abstract-The effects of (+)-2-[p-(2-thenoyl)phenyl] propionic acid (suprofen), a new anti-inflammatory agent, on experimental allergic reaction and antibody formation were examined. The action was compared with those of ketoprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, tranilast, chlorpheniramine, prednisolone and/or cyclo phosphamide. Suprofen inhibited homologous PCA in rats, immunological histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and guinea pig lung tissues, Forssman cutaneous vasculitis (FCV) and the Arthus reaction in guinea pigs. The potency for inhibition of the PCA reaction was similar to that of ketoprofen and more potent than ibuprofen and trailast. As for the release of anaphylactic mediators, suprofen was less potent than tranilast in terms of histamine release, but not the release of the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). Suprofen inhibited FCA more potently than other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). The inhibition of the Arthus reaction by suprofen was similar to those of other NSAID and prednisolone. Suprofen hardly affected delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs and antibody (IgM or IgE) formation in mice or rats. Suprofen ((+)-2-[p-(2-thenoyl)phenyl] parative drugs, ketoprofen (Hokuriku Phar propionic acid) has been reported to have maceutical Co. Ltd, Tokyo), ibuprofen (Kaken marked anti-inflammatory analgesic and anti yaku Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tokyo), pyretic activities in experimental animals (1). indomethacin (Sumitomo Kagaku Co . Ltd, In addition, Fujimura et al. (2) have reported Osaka), tranilast (Kissei Pharmaceutical Co. that suprofen inhibits biosynthesis of pro Ltd, Matsumoto), chlorpheniramine maleate staglandins in vivo. The basic structure of (CPM) (Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, suprofen is phenylpropionic acid, so that the Tokyo), prednisolone acetate (Takeda Phar agent is classified as an acidic nonsteroidal maceutical Co. Ltd, Osaka) and cyclophos anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Though phamide (Shionogi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, there have been a few reports which indicate Osaka) were used. Drugs were dissolved in an anti-allergic action for certain kinds of saline. If the drug was water insoluble, it was NSAID(3, 4), mostof the NSAIDs,especially suspended in 0.5% tragacanth gum saline acidic NSAI Ds, are ineffective in the therapy solution in an appropriate concentration. of allergic disease. Therefore, it is considered Animals: Male Wistar rats weighing 150 of interest to study the effect of suprofen on to 200 g, male Hartley guinea pigs weighing allergic reactions in experimental animals. 250 to 300 g and male ddY mice weighing 18 to 20 g were used. All animals were Materials and Methods purchased from the animal center of Shizuoka Drugs: Suprofen was synthesized in the Experimental Laboratories. Food and water Taiyo Pharmaceutical Laboratories. As com were provided ad libitum. 24 F. Yokoya et al. Homologous passive cutaneous ana respectively. Five hundred milligram of phylaxis (PCA) in rats: The experimental chopped lung tissue obtained from passively procedure was described elsewhere (5). sensitized guinea pig was suspended in 4.0 Briefly, rat homocytotropic antibody against ml Tyrode solution and warmed for 5 min at dinitro-phenylated ascaris extract (DNP-As) 37°C. The drug to be tested in a volume of was prepared according to the method of 0.5 ml was added to the reaction mixture and Tada and Okumura (6). The antiserum incubated for a subsequent 5 min. Antigen in diluted 20-fold with physiologic saline was a volume of 0.5 ml of 0.1% BPO-BGG was injected intradermally in a volume of 0.1 ml added and incubated for 20 min. The amounts into 4 sites on the shaved backs of normal of histamine and SRS-A were measured by rats. After 48 hr, 1 ml of 0.25% Evans blue biological assay with isolated guinea pig solution containing 2.0 mg of antigen was ileum. The procedure of SRS-A assay was injected intravenously into the rats. Thirty described elsewhere (11). minutes later, the animals were sacrificed by Forssman cutaneous vasculitis (FCV): FCV exaguination, and the skins were removed to was carried out according to the method measure the PCA blueing lesion. The amount described previously (12). Guinea pigs were of dye was then estimated colorimetrically injected with 0.1 ml of rabbit anti-sheep red after extraction with 1.0 N KOH and a blood cell (SRBC) serum diluted 8-fold with mixture of acetone and phosphoric acid by physiologic saline, i.d., into their shaved the method of Katayama et al. (7). backs followed by an i.v. injection of 1.0 ml Antagonistic action against the increase of 1 % Evans blue. After 1 hr, the animals were of vascular permeability induced by histamine: sacrificed by exaguination, and the skin was Rats were given intradermally 5 ,eg histamine removed. The blueing spot caused by FCV in a volume of 0.5 ml. Immediately after the was measured by the same method as used injection, 1 ml of saline containing 2.5 mg for PCA. Evans blue was injected i.v. into the tail vein. Arthus reaction in guinea pigs: Guinea The dermal leakage of the dye was assayed pigs were immunized by i.m. injection of 30 min later. The amount of dye was measured 8 mg/kg of egg albumin (Sigma). Three and by the same method as described above. 6 days after the immunization, animals Antigen induced mediator release: The received two booster injections of antigen in experiments in rats were done according to a dose of 40 mg/kg. Four weeks after the last the method of Orange et al. (8). In brief, the injection, 0.1 ml of 0.1 % antigen solution was rats were passively sensitized by i.p. injection injected i.d. into 3 sites on the shaved backs of anti-DNP-As homocytotropic antibody of the animals. At 1, 3, 5, 8 and 24 hr after containing serum. After 24 hr, antigen in a antigen injection, the dimensions of in volume of 10 ml of Tyrode solution was flammed areas were measured macro injected into the peritoneal cavity. Exactly scopically. 5 min later, the animals were killed by cutting Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in the carotid arteries, and the peritoneal fluid guinea pigs: Guinea pigs were immunized was collected. Following gentle centrifugation with Mycobacterium butilicum (Sigma) by at 400 g for 5 min at 4°C, the amount of three injection of complete Freund's adjuvant histamine in the supernatant was assayed by at 3 day intervals. Five weeks after the last isolated guinea pig ileum. The experiments injection, 0.1 ml of antigen solution containing concerning the release of histamine and the 0.2 ug/ml purified protein derivative was slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS injected i.d. into 3 sites on the shaved backs A) from sensitized guinea pig lung was of the animals. At 24 hr after injection, the carried out essentially according to the dimensions of the inflammed areas were method previously described (9). Guinea pig measured. homocytotropic antibody was made by the Antibody formation: The production of method of Levine et al. (10) using benzyl hemolytic plaque forming cell (HPFC) in penicilloyl bovine r-globulin (BPO-BGG) mice spleen was tested by the method of mixed with alum as antigen and adjuvant, Cunningham and Szenberg (13). Mice were Anti-Allergic Action of Suprofen 25 immunized by i.v. injection with 2x108 SRBC. were inhibited by suprofen at a dose of 25 Five days later, the animals were killed, and mg/kg (Table 1). The effects of suprofen and the spleen was expanded for preparing a some other drugs on the release of histamine single cell suspension with 1 50 mesh stainless and SRS-A from sensitized guinea pig lung sieves. One hundred icl of the single cell are shown in Fig. 2 and Table 2. Suprofen suspension, 450/-,l of 7.5x108 cells/ml SRBC (10-4 g/ml), ketoprofen (10-4 g/ml), suspension, and 450 itl of 10% guinea pig indomethacin (10-4 g/ml) and tranilast (10-5 serum were mixed, and a Cunningham and 10-4 g/ml) inhibited the release of chamber was filled with the mixture. After histamine. The inhibition by all NSAID 1 hr incubation at 37'C, the number of H PFC tested were shown not to be dose-dependent. was counted macroscopically. The pro In contrast to the NSAID, tranilast inhibited duction of IgE antibody in rats was tested by the reaction dose-dependently. The gener the method of Tada and Okumura (6) as ation of SRS-A was inhibited by suprofen described previously. The IgE antibody titer was measured by the 48 hr homologous PCA reaction in rats, and IgM and IgG antibody titer was measured by the passive hemag glutination test (PHA) according to the method of Avrameas et al. (14). Statistics: Results were statistically evaluated using Student's t-test. Results Forty-eight hr homologous PCA in rats: The Effects of suprofen and other NSAID on homologous PCA in rats were compared with that of tranilast. The dye leakage caused by PCA was inhibited dose-dependently by suprofen at doses between 5 to 25 mg/kg (Fig. 1). Ketoprofen showed similar potency in the inhibition of PCA. The inhibition of PCA by these two agents is more potent than those by ibuprofen and trailast. Indo methacin showed no significant effect on the PCA reaction.