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Corrosion Resistance of Nickel-Containing Alloys in Organic

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Corrosion Resistance of Nickel-Containing Alloys in Organic Corrosion Resistance of Table of Contents PART I. INTRODUCTION Nickel-Containing Alloys A. The Organic Acids 4 B. Scope 4 C. Corrosion Testing in Organic Acid Media 4 in Organic Acids PART II. ACETIC ACID A. General 5 B. Austenitic Stainless Steels 5 and Related Compounds 1. General 5 2. Effect of Alloy Composition 6 3. Effect of Contaminants 10 4. Effect of Temperature 12 5. Effect of Microstructure 14 6. Quality Control 15 C. Martensitic & Ferritic Stainless Steels 15 D. Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic and Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels 15 E. Iron-Base Nickel-Chromium-Copper Molybdenum Alloys 16 F. Nickel-Base Chromium-Iron-Molybdenum- Copper Alloys 17 G. Iron-Base Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloys18 H. Nickel-Base Molybdenum-Chromium-Iron Alloys 18 I. Nickel-Copper Alloys 20 J. Copper-Nickel Alloys 21 K. Nickel-Chromium Alloys 23 L. Iron-Nickel-Chromium Alloys 23 M. Nickel-Base Molybdenum Alloys 24 N. Nickel 24 O. Process and Plant Corrosion Data 25 l. Acetic Acid Production 25 a. Oxidation of Acetaldehyde 25 b. Liquid Phase Oxidation of Straight-Chain Hydrocarbons 26 c. Methanol-Carbon Monoxide Synthesis 28 2. Acetic Acid Storage and Shipping 28 3. Vinegar Production and Storage 29 P. Acetic Anhydride 29 PART III. OTHER ORGANIC ACIDS A. Formic Acid 31 B. Acrylic Acid 36 C. C3 Through C8 Acids 38 (Propionic, Butyric and Higher Acids) D. Fatty Acids 44 (Lauric, Oleic, Linoleic, Stearic, Tall Oil Acids) E. Di and Tricarboxylic Acids 46 (Oxalic, Maleic, Phthalic, Terephthalic, Adipic, Glutaric and Pimelic Acids) F. Naphthenic Acids 52 G. Organic Acids with Other Functional Groups 53 1. Glycolic Acid 53 2. Lactic Acid 53 3. Tartaric Acid 54 4. Citric Acid 54 5. Chloroacetic Acids 56 6. Amino Acids 57 7. Sulfoacetic Acid 57 PART IV ESTER PREPARATIONS A. Acetic Esters 58 B. Phthalate Esters 60 C. Esterification of Fatty Acids 60 D. Acrylate Esters 60 References 64 Trademarks Inside Back Cover Page 1 Nominal Composition of Nickel-Containing Alloys in Use or Corrosion Tested in Organic Acids and Related Compounds Composition, % Alloys Ni Fe Cr Mo Cu C Si Mn Other WROUGHT ALLOYS Stainless Steels—Austenitic AISI Type 201 4.5 Balance 17.0 – – 0.15 Max 1.0 Max 6.5 N 0.25 Max AISI Type 202 5.0 Balance 18.0 – – 0.15 Max 1.0 Max 8.0 N 0.25 Max AISI Type 204 5.0 Balance 18.0 – – 0.08 Max 1.0 Max 8.0 N 0.25 Max AISI Type 204L 6.0 Balance 18.0 – 0.03 Max 1.0 Max 8.0 N 0.25 Max AISI Type 216 6.0 Balance 19.5 – – 0.08 Max 1.0 Max 8.0 N 0.25-0.50 AISI Type 216L 6.0 Balance 19.5 – – 0.03 Max 1.0 Max 8.0 N 0.25-0.50 AISI Type 304 9.5 Balance 18.5 – – 0.08 Max 1.0 Max 1.5 AISI Type 304L 10.0 Balance 18.5 – – 0.03 Max 1.0 Max 1.3 AISI Type 309 13.5 Balance 23.0 – – 0.20 Max 1.0 Max 2.0 Max AISI Type 310 20.0 Balance 25.0 – – 0.25 Max 1.0 Max 2.0 Max AISI Type 316 13.0 Balance 17.0 2.25 – 0.08 Max 1.0 Max 1.7 AISI Type 316L 13.0 Balance 17.0 2.25 – 0.03 Max 1.0 Max 1.8 AISI Type 317 14.0 Balance 19.0 3.25 – 0.08 Max 1.0 Max 2.0 Max AISI Type 317L 14.0 Balance 19.0 3.25 – 0.03 Max 1.0 Max 2.0 Max AISI Type 318 14.0 Balance 18.0 3.25 – 0.08 Max 1.0 Max 2.5 Max Cb + Ta 10XC Min AISI Type 321 11.0 Balance 18.0 – – 0.08 Max 1.0 Max 2.0 Max Ti 5XC Min AISI Type 330 35.0 Balance 15.0 – – 0.25 Max 1.0 Max 2.0 Max AISI Type 347 11.0 Balance 18.0 – – 0.08 Max 1.0 Max 2.0 Max Cb + Ta 10XC Min NITRONIC alloy 50 12.5 Balance 22.0 1.5–3.0 – 0.06 Max 1.0 Max 5.0 N 0.2-0.4, Cb 0.1-0.3 Stainless Steels—Duplex and Precipitation Hardening AISI Type 326 6.5 Balance 26.0 – – 0.06 Max 0.40 0.40 AISI Type 329 4.5 Balance 27.5 1.0–2.0 – 0.10 Max 1.0 Max 2.0 Max CRUCIBLE alloy 223 - Balance 16.0 0.4 1.0 0.03 Max 1.0 Max 12.0 N 0.3 17-4PH 4.0 Balance 16.5 – 4.0 0.07 Max 1.0 Max 1.0 Max Cb + Ta 0.3 17-7PH 7.0 Balance 17.0 – – 0.09 Max 1.0 Max 1.0 Max Al 1.1 PH15-7Mo 7.0 Balance 15.0 2.5 – 0.09 Max 1.0 Max 1.0 Max Al 1.1 Iron-Base Nickel-Chromium Copper-Molybdenum Alloys CARPENTER alloy 20(1) 29.0 43.0 20.0 2.0 Min 3.0 Min 0.07 Max 1.0 0.8 CARPENTER alloy 20Cb-3 34.0 39.0 20.0 2.5 3.3 0.07 Max 0.6 0.8 Cb + Ta 0.6 Nickel-Base Chromium-Iron Molybdenum-Copper Alloys INCOLOY alloy 825 41.8 30.0 21.5 3.0 1.8 0.03 0.35 0.65 AI 0.15, Ti 0.9 HASTELLOY alloy G 45.0 19.5 22.2 6.5 2.0 0.03 0.35 1.3 W 0.5. Cb + Ta 2.12 Iron-Base Nickel-Chromium Molybdenum Alloys ALLEGHENY alloy AL-6X 24.0 46.0 20.0 6.5 – 0.025 Max 0.5 Max 1.5 Max HAYNES alloy 20 Mod 26.0 42.0 22.0 5.0 – 0.05 Max 1.0 Max 2.5 Max Ti 4XC Min JESSOP alloy JS-700 25.0 46.0 21.0 4.5 – 0.03 0.5 1.7 Cb 0.30 MULTIMET alloy 20.0 29.0 21.0 3.0 – 0.12 1.0 Max 1.5 Co 20.0, W 2.5, N 0.15,Cb + Ta1.0 Nickel-Base Molybdenum Chromium-Iron Alloys HASTELLOY alloy C(2) 54.0 5.0 15.5 16.0 – 0.08 Max 1.0 Max 1.0 Max Co2.5Max,W4.0, V 0.4 Ma) HASTELLOY alloy C-276 54.0 5.0 15.5 16.0 – 0.02 Max 0.05 Max 1.0 Max Co2.5Max,W4.0, V 0.4 Ma) HASTELLOY alloy C-4 61 ..0 3.0 Max 16.0 15.5 – 0.015 Max 0.08 Max 1.0 Max Co 2.0 Max, Ti 0.7 Max HASTELLOY alloy N 69.0 5.0 7.0 16.5 – 0.06 0.3 0.3 AI 0.5 INCONEL alloy 625 60.0 5.0 Max 21.5 9.0 – 0.1 Max 0.5 Max 0.5 Max Cb + Ta 3.65 Nickel-Copper Alloys MONEL alloy 4OO 66.0 1.35 – – 31.5 0.12 0.15 0.9 MONEL alloy K-500 65.0 1.0 – – 29.5 0.15 0.15 0.6 AI 2.8, Ti 0.5 Copper-Nickel Alloys Copper-Nickel alloy C70600 10.0 1.25 – – 88.0 – – 0.3 Pb 0.05 Max, Zn 1.0 Max Copper-Nickel alloy C71000 20.0 0.75 – – 78.0 – – 0.4 Pb 0.05 Max, Zn 1.0 Max Copper-Nickel alloy C71500 30.0 0.55 – – 67.0 – – 0.5 Pb 0.05 Max, Zn 1.0 Max Nickel-Chromium Alloys INCONEL alloy 600 76.0 7.2 15.8 – 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.2 NICHROME V 80.0 – 20.0 – – – – – Page 2 Nominal Composition of Nickel-Containing Alloys in Use or Corrosion Tested in Organic Acids and Related Compounds Composition, % Alloys Ni Fe Cr Mo Cu C Si Mn Other WROUGHT ALLOYS Iron-Nickel-Chromium Alloys INCOLOV alloy 800 32.0 46.0 20.5 – 0.3 0.04 0.35 0.75 INCOLOY alloy 804 41.0 25.4 29.5 – 0.25 0.05 0,38 0,75 AI 0.3, Ti 0.6 Nickel-Base Molybdenum Alloys HASTELLOY alloy B* 61.0 5.0 1.0 Max 28.0 – 0.05 Max 1.0 Max 1.0 Max Co 2.5 Max, V 0.3, P 0.025 Max, S 0.03 Max HASTELLOY alloy B-2 67.0 2.0 Max 1.0 Max 28.0 – 0.02 Max 0.1 Max 1.0 Max Co 1.0 Max, P 0.04 Max, S 0.03 Max Other Nickel and Cobalt-Base Alloys IN-102 68.0 7.0 15.0 3.0 – 0.06 – – Ti 0.5, Cb 2.9. A1 0.5, W 3.0 MP-35N 35.0 – 20,0 10.0 – – – – Co 35.0 ELGILOY 15.0 15.0 20A 7.0 – 0.15 – 2.0 Co 40.0, Be 0.05 HAYNES alloy No. 25 10.0 3.0 Max 20.0 – – 0.10 1.0 Max 1.5 Co. 49.0, W 15.0 CAST ALLOYS Stainless Steels ACI CD-4MCu 5.5 61.0 26.0 2.0 3.0 0.04 Max 1.0 Max 1.0 Max ACI CF-3 10.0 66.0 19.0 – – 0.03 Max 2.0 Max 1.5 Max ACI CF-3M 11.0 63.0 19.0 2.5 – 0.03 Max 1.5 Max 1.5 Max ACI CF-8 9.0 67.0 19.0 – – 0.08 Max 2.0 Max 1.5 Max ACI CF-8M 10.0 64.0 19.0 2.5 – 0.08 Max 2.0 Max 1.5 Max ACI CG-8M 11.0 62.0 19.0 3.5 – 0.08 Max 1.5 Max 1.5 Max ACI HK 20.0 49.0 26.0 – – 0.4 2.0 Max 2.0 Max Iron-Base Nickel-Chromium- Copper-Molybdenum Alloys ACI CN-7M3) 29.0 44.0 20.0 2.0 Min 3.0 Min 0.07 Max 1.0 1.5 Max WORTHITE 24.0 48.0 20.0 3.0 1.75 0.07 Max3.3 0.6 Iron-Base Chromium-Nickel- Copper-Molybdenum Alloy ILLIUM alloy P 8.0 58.0 28.0 2.0 3.0 0.20 0.75 0.75 Iron-Base Nickel-Chromium- Molybdenum Alloys IN-862 24.0 44.0 21.0 5.0 – 0.07 Max0.8 0.5 KROMARC 55 20.0 50.0 16.0 2.0 – 0.04 2.0 Max9.5 Iron-Base Chromium-Nickel- Iron Alloy ILLIUM alloy PD 5.0 57.0 26.0 2.0 0.5 Max 0.08 1.0 Max 1.0 Max Co 7.0 Nickel-Base Chromium- Molybdenum-Copper-Iron Alloy ILLIUM alloy G 58.0 5.0 22.0 6.0 6.0 0.2 0.2 1.25 Max Nickel-Base Molybdenum- Chromium-Iron Alloys ACI CW-12M-1(4) 58.0 6.0 16.5 17.0 – 0.12 Max 1.0 Max 1.0 Max ACI CW-12M-2(5) 57.0 3.0 Max 18.5 18.5 – 0.07 Max 1.0 Max 1.0 Max Nickel-Base Molybdenum Alloys ACI N-12M-1(6) 60.0 5.0 1.0 Max28.0 – 0.12 Max 1.0 Max 1.0 Max V 0.2–0.6, Co 2.5 Max ACI N-12M-2(7) 62.0 3.0 Max 1.0 Max 31.5 – 0.07 Max 1.0 Max 1.0 Max Other Nickel and Cobalt-Base Alloys WAUKESHA alloy 23 80.0 – – – – – – – Sn 8.0, Zn 7.5, Pb 4.0 WAUKESHA alloy 54 75.0 0.4 – – – – – 2.5 Sn 8.0, Zn 7.0, Ag 6.0 WAUKESHA alloy 88 70.0 5.0 12.5 3.0 – 0.05 Max – – Sn 4.0, Bi 3.75 ILLIUM alloy 98 55.0 1.0 28.0 8.0 5.0 0.05 0.7 Max1.25 Max ILLIUM alloy B 49.0 3.0 28.0 8.0 5.0 0.05 4.5 1.25 Max B 0.05-0.55 STELLITE alloy No.
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