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Rejection Rates for Journals Publishing in the Atmospheric Sciences

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Rejection Rates for Journals Publishing in the Atmospheric Sciences REJECTioN RATes for JourNALS PubLishiNG IN The ATmospheriC SCieNCes BY DAVI D M. SCHULTZ The most-cited journals do not necessarily have the highest rejection rates. hat controls the rate at which manuscripts Gastel 2006) and the number of books and articles by submitted to a scientific journal for publica- journal editors pleading for an improved quality of W tion are rejected (hereafter, the rejection submitted manuscripts (e.g., Batchelor 1981; Lipton rate)? Because the rejection rate of a journal is the 1998; Thrower 2007; Schultz 2009b). However, only number of rejections divided by the number of a limited number of studies have investigated the submissions, factors that affect either the number of rejection rates at journals as a matter of publication rejections or the number of submissions will affect policy [chapter 2 in Weller (2001) provides an excel- the rejection rate (see the sidebar “Factors that affect lent review], and none has investigated atmospheric rejection rates at journals”). Specifically, these factors science journals specifically. will depend upon the authors, reviewers, journal, and For example, Zuckerman and Merton (1971) ex- editor (Table 1). amined rejection rates in 83 science and humanities Much effort has tried to raise the quality of scien- journals, finding that the rejection rates in humani- tific publications, as noted by the number of books ties and social science journals were higher than available for authors to improve their ability to com- those in physical science journals (more than 70% municate scientific and technical information (e.g., compared to about 30%), a result later confirmed by Perelman et al. 1998; Montgomery 2003; Day and Miller and Serzan (1984). Zuckerman and Merton (1971) attributed these disciplinary differences to the amount of available space in the journal and AFFILIATIONS: SCHULTZ —Division of Atmospheric Sciences and to consensus, a measure of the shared “conceptions Geophysics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, and of appropriate research problems, theoretical ap- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Dr. David M. Schultz, Finnish proaches, or research techniques” (Hargens 1988). Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, Hargens (1988) examined 30 journals in the late FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland 1960s and again in the early 1980s and found little E-mail: [email protected] evidence to support the available-space argument, The abstract for this article can be found in this issue, following the principally because the rejection rates of the jour- table of contents. nals had not changed much during this time despite DOI:10.1175/2009BAMS2908.1 changes in the number of submissions. Instead, In final form 7 September 2009 Hargens (1988) attributed differences in rejection ©2010 American Meteorological Society rates to differences in consensus among the differ- ent disciplines. AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY FEBRUARY 2010 | 231 The purpose of the present article is to understand The second step was to contact the editors, edito- what factors affect the rejection rates at atmospheric rial assistants, or publishers of these 63 journals to science journals. I avoid the cross-disciplinary focus obtain publication statistics. I conducted the survey of previous research by focusing specifically on by e-mail between 13 November 2006–15 May 2008 journals that publish articles on atmospheric science, and 29 April 2009–1 May 2009. AGU journals (GBC, either wholly or partially. By focusing on a specific GRL, JGR-Atm, RS, SW; see Table 2 for a list of the discipline, the effect of consensus can be minimized journal abbreviations used in this article) provide because consensus among atmospheric scientists is some data in a graphical format online (www.agu. likely to be greater than consensus among different org/pubs/stats), so I estimated the numbers of manu- scientific disciplines. Doing so should clarify the fac- script submissions and published articles from the tors that affect rejection rate within a discipline. graphs, calculating the approximate rejection rates. One journal allowed me to use their data but not DATA. The dataset was constructed in two steps. disclose their name; hereafter, this journal is referred First, an initial list of atmospheric science journals to as Unnamed. Four journals responded that they was obtained online from the Institute of Scientific do not publicly provide statistics on rejection rates Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge, Thomson [Climate Research (CR), Journal of Atmospheric Chem- Reuters (online at www.isiwebofknowledge.com). istry, Tellus A, and Tellus B). Three journals promised Their 2006 journal summary list under subject but did not deliver their data (Atmósfera, Earth category “Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences” Interactions, and Journal of Atmospheric and Solar- ranked 48 journals. An additional 15 journals were Terrestrial Physics). Nine journals did not respond added to this list, encompassing ISI-ranked journals to my e-mailed requests to share their rejection rates that atmospheric scientists may publish in outside of [Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (AFM); Annals the “Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences” category; of Geophysics; International Journal of Climatology; unranked journals published by the American Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics; Journal Geophysical Union (AGU), American Meteoro- of Lightning Research; The Open Atmospheric Science logical Society (AMS), European Geosciences Union Journal; Physics and Chemistry of the Earth; Science; (EGU), and National Weather Association (NWA); and Water, Air, & Soil Pollution]. and other atmospheric science journals not ranked Unfortunately, journals that publish articles from by ISI. All 63 of these journals may publish exclu- disciplines in addition to atmospheric science (e.g., sively or partially on topics within the atmospheric EFM, G, GRL) do not separate their rejection rates sciences. by discipline, except for AO, JAOT, and Terrestrial, FACTORS THAT AFFECT REJECTION RATES AT JOURNALS ome of the many factors that affect the rejection rates deemed too specific or too off-topic for the journal. Journals Sat journals are listed in Table 1. Some factors depend in part set the policy for their rejection rates through their upon the authors who submit the manuscripts: submission form of peer review. This statement is evidenced by the edi- of manuscripts on an inappropriate topic to a journal, the torials that often herald changes in rejection rates (particu- author’s ability to conduct publishable science, which in larly when they increase) when journal policies change (e.g., turn is a factor of the author’s educational level, profes- Koshland 1985; Drummond and Reeves 2005; Famiglietti sional experience, affiliation, and country of origin, etc. 2007). Specifically, the policy of some journals is to reject (e.g., Bakanic et al. 1987; Opthof et al. 2002). Other factors manuscripts that require more than minor revisions to depend upon the quality and experience of the reviewers keep time to publication short and the quality high (e.g., picked by the editor, with some reviewers more likely to Famiglietti 2007). recommend rejection than others (e.g., Siegelman 1991; Finally, the editors—the people who decide to reject Opthof et al. 2002). or accept based on reviewer recommendations—clearly Some factors depend upon the journal: its reputation, its affect the rejection rate. Specifically, a simple physical model breadth, its exposure to attract potential submissions, the (Schultz 2009a) can explain the editor rejection rate as a quality of its submissions, the peer-review process, whether function of the probability of reviewers recommending re- reviewers are anonymous, and how many submissions jection, the number of reviewers, and the editor’s decision- they receive versus the number of pages they can afford to making strategy (i.e., reject when at least one reviewer publish. Specifically, the editorial policy of some journals is recommends rejection, reject when a majority of reviewers to regulate their submissions, with varying degrees of inten- recommend rejection, reject when all reviewers recommend sity, by rejecting high-quality manuscripts whose content is rejection). 232 | FEBRUARY 2010 Atmospheric and Oceanic TABLE 1. Possible factors affecting the rejection rates at atmospheric Sciences (TAOS). AO and science journals. JAOT have separate atmo- Authors sphere and ocean sections handled by different co- • submission of inappropriate or off-topic manuscripts chief editors, each main- • whether authors have heard of the journal and choose to submit to it taining separate statistics, • authors’ ability to conduct publishable science (a function of education, so the two sections of these professional experience, country of origin, affiliation, etc.) two journals were calculated Reviewers individually in Table 2, but • likelihood of reviewer rejection (a function of education, professional experi- they are treated as a single ence, quality, country of origin, opinion of submitted manuscript, biases against value in this article. The authors, etc.) data for TAOS only cover Journal those submissions from • reputation and exposure of journal and its ability to attract potential submissions the atmospheric sciences (hereafter, TAOS-A). The • topic of journal and its breadth (e.g., a broadly defined mission will attract more submissions than a narrowly focused mission) data for MZ excludes
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