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Glasgow Effect’:Evaluating Why the Do Impactequally Deprivedof the ‘Big UK Eat Cities In’ Secondaryexperience School Different Pilot Health Outcomes?

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Glasgow Effect’:Evaluating Why the Do Impactequally Deprivedof the ‘Big UK Eat Cities In’ Secondaryexperience School Different Pilot Health Outcomes? BRIEFING PAPER 2725 FINDINGS SERIES Investigating a ‘Glasgow Effect’:Evaluating why the do Impactequally deprivedof the ‘Big UK Eat cities In’ Secondaryexperience School different Pilot health outcomes? SeptemberDecember 2010 10224_GCPH_Briefing Paper 25.indd 1 06/09/2010 16:52 FINDINGSFINDINGS SERIESSERIES 252725 BRIEFINGBRIEFING PAPERPAPER KEYKEYACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FINDINGSFINDINGS • The• This ThisScottish report report Centre summarises summarises for Social a a range range Research of of analyses analyses (ScotCen) undertaken undertaken (www.scotcen.org.uk to to investigate investigate the the) conducted so-called so-called the qualitative‘Glasgow‘Glasgow‘Glasgow and Effect’, Effect’,Effect’, observational a aa term termterm used usedused data in inin recent recentrecentcollection, years yearsyears analysis to toto describe describedescribe and the write-up.thethe higher higherhigher The levels levelslevels research of ofof mortality mortalitymortality team comprised:andand poor poor Andy health health MacGregor, experienced experienced Susan in in Glasgow Glasgow McConville, over over Judithand and above above Mabelis, that that Louiseexplained explained Marryat by by its its and Irene Miller.socio-economicsocio-economic A full research profile. profile. report is available on the Glasgow Centre for Population Health (GCPH) • website• TheThe aims aims(www.gcph.co.uk). of of the the research research were were to to establish establish whether whether there there is is evidence evidence of of such such an an ‘effect’, ‘effect’, eveneven when when comparing comparing Glasgow Glasgow to to its its two two most most similar similar and and comparable comparable UK UK cities: cities: Liverpool Liverpool Quantitative data collection and analysis was conducted by Fiona Crawford (GCPH) and andand Manchester. Manchester. Helena Hailstone (Cordia) with help from Bruce Whyte (GCPH). • • TheThe analyses analyses were were based based on on the the creation creation of of a a three-city three-city deprivation deprivation index, index, and and the the Manycalculationcalculation thanks to of of everyone a a series series of ofwho standardised standardised gave their mortality mortalityassistance ratios ratios to the (SMRs) (SMRs) research for for Glasgow Glasgowteam especially relative relative to pupils,to parentsLiverpoolLiverpool and staff and and Manchester.who Manchester. participated A A range range in of theof historical historical focus groups census census and and and interviews. mortality mortality data data were were also also analysed.analysed. • Thanks• TheThe alsoresults results to showed theshowed ‘Big thatEat that In’ the the steering current current group deprivation deprivation who provided profiles profiles of ofsupport Glasgow, Glasgow, and Liverpool Liverpool advice during and and the evaluation,ManchesterManchester finalisation are are almost almost of identical. resultsidentical. and production of final reports. • • DespiteDespite this, this, premature premature deaths deaths in in Glasgow Glasgow for for the the period period 2003-2007 2003-2007 were were more more than than 30% 30% Steeringhigherhigher groupthan than in in members Liverpool Liverpool and comprised:and Manchester, Manchester, with with all all deaths deaths around around 15% 15% higher. higher. • • ThisThis ‘excess’ ‘excess’ mortality mortality was was seen seen across across virtually virtually the the whole whole population: population: all all ages ages (except (except the the Alexveryvery Byres, young), young), Glasgow both both males Lifemales (formally and and females, females, known in in deprived asdeprived Culture and and and non-deprived non-deprived Sport Glasgow, neighbourhoods. neighbourhoods. CSG) • Fiona• ForFor Crawford, premature premature Glasgowmortality, mortality, Centre SMRs SMRs tended fortended Population to to be be higher higher Health for for the the more more deprived deprived areas areas (particularly(particularly amongamong males),males), andand aroundaround aa halfhalf ofof ‘excess’‘excess’ deathsdeaths underunder 6565 werewere directlydirectly Louise(particularly Falconer, among Glasgow males), City and Council around Leader’s a half ofOffice ‘excess’ deaths under 65 were directly relatedrelated to to alcohol alcohol and and drugs. drugs. Helena Hailstone, Cordia • • AnalysesAnalyses of of historical historical data data suggest suggest it it is is unlikely unlikely that that the the deprivation deprivation profile profile of of Glasgow Glasgow has has Ruthchangedchanged Kendall, significantly significantly NHS Greater relative relative Glasgow to to Liverpool Liverpool & Clyde and and Manchester Manchester in in recent recent decades; decades; however, however, the the Gerrymortalitymortality Lyons, gap gapAll Saints’appears appears Secondary to to have have widened widened School in (Chair)in the the last last 30 30 years, years, indicating indicating that that the the ‘effect’ ‘effect’ may may bebe a a relatively relatively recent recent phenomenon. phenomenon. Julia McCreadie, Cordia • • TheThe results results emphasise emphasise that that while while deprivation deprivation is is a a fundamental fundamental determinant determinant of of health health Maureenand,and, therefore, therefore, McKenna, an an important Glasgowimportant City driver driver Council of of mortality, mortality, Education it it is is Services only only one one part part of of a a complex complex picture. picture. AsAs currently currently measured, measured, deprivation deprivation does does not not explain explain the the higher higher levels levels of of mortality mortality experiencedexperienced by by Glasgow Glasgow in in relation relation to to two two very very similar similar UK UK cities. cities. Additional Additional explanations explanations areare required. required. • • ThisThis research, research, in in particular particular the the creation creation of of the the small small area area based based three-city three-city deprivation deprivation measure,measure, has has allowed allowed identification identification of of communities communities in in Glasgow Glasgow which, which, although although almostalmost identical identical to to similar similar sized sized areas areas in in Liverpool Liverpool and and Manchester Manchester in in terms terms of of their their socio-economicsocio-economic characteristics, characteristics, have have significantly significantly poorer poorer health health outcomes. outcomes. These These will will Investigating a ‘Glasgow Effect’: why do equally deprived why do equally deprived Effect’: a ‘Glasgow Investigating outcomes? health different UK cities experience Investigating a ‘Glasgow Effect’: why do equally deprived why do equally deprived Effect’: a ‘Glasgow Investigating outcomes? health different UK cities experience Evaluating the Impact of the ‘Big Eat In’ Secondary School Pilot In’ ‘Big Eat the Impact of the Evaluating Investigating a ‘Glasgow Effect’: why do equally deprived why do equally deprived Effect’: a ‘Glasgow Investigating outcomes? health different UK cities experience nownow be be the the focus focus for for a a second, second, qualitative, qualitative, phase phase of of research. research. 22 10224_GCPH_Briefing10224_GCPH_Briefing Paper Paper 25.indd 25.indd 2 2 06/09/201006/09/2010 16:52 16:52 FINDINGS SERIESBRIEFING25 BRIEFING PAPER PAPER2725 FINDINGS SERIES FINDINGS SERIES 25 BRIEFING PAPER UK cities experience different health outcomes? health different UK cities experience why do equally deprived Effect’: a ‘Glasgow Investigating Evaluating the Impact of the ‘Big Eat In’ Secondary School Pilot In’ ‘Big Eat the Impact of the Evaluating INTRODUCTIONKEY IMPLICATIONS FINDINGS FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE KEY FINDINGS lThe• The Thislink Big betweenreport Eat Insummarises socio-economic(BEI) pilot a was range successful circumstances of analyses in encouragingundertaken and health to isS1 investigatewell pupils established. to staythe so-called within However, • This report summarises a range of analyses undertaken to investigate the so-called the schoolextent‘Glasgow toat lunchtimewhichEffect’, the a term poorand used schoolhealth in recent mealprofile uptakeyears of Scotland to rates describe by– the S1 the pupilsnation higher remainedwith levels the of highest higher mortality than ‘Glasgow Effect’, a term used in recent years to describe the higher levels of mortality mortalitytheand previous poor rates health and year. lowest experienced S1 pupils life expectancy were in Glasgow positive in westernover about and theirEurope above experience that– can explained be explainedof the by BEI its inand terms the of and poor health experienced in Glasgow over and above that explained by its socio-economicmajoritysocio-economic of respondents factors profile. is less were clear. in Historically, favour of the Scotland’s S1 stay onunenviable site policy position being incontinued being what in socio-economic profile. the• pilotpressThe aims schoolshas labelledof the and research extended‘The Sick were Man to toother of establish Europe’ secondary whetherhas been schools. there attributed There is evidence almostis clear of exclusivelypotential such an ‘effect’, for to its • The aims of the research were to establish whether there is evidence of such an ‘effect’, relativelyGlasgoweven whenhigh City levels comparing Council of socio-economic toGlasgow sustain to and its deprivation, extendtwo most lunchtime similar principally and stay comparable in on comparison site policies UK tocities:
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