Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2017, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847107620 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737007627 ContemporaryIssues in International Security and Strategic Studies Volume 1 Edited by James Bindenagel, Matthias Herdegen and Karl Kaiser Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2017, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847107620 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737007627 James Bindenagel /Matthias Herdegen / Karl Kaiser (eds.) International Securityinthe 21st Century Germany’s International Responsibility With 2figures V&Runipress Bonn UniversityPress Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2017, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847107620 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737007627 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available online: http://dnb.d-nb.de. ISSN 2513-1591 ISBN 978-3-7370-0762-7 You can find alternative editions of this book and additional material on our website: www.v-r.de Publications of Bonn University Press are published by V& R unipress GmbH. 2017, V&R unipress GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Breite 6, 37079 Gçttingen, Germany / www.v-r.de This publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial- No Derivatives 4.0 International license, at DOI 10.14220/9783737007627. For a copy of this license go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Any use in cases other than those permitted by this license requires the prior written permission from the publisher. Cover image: Euromaidan ( Nessa Gnatoush), Backlit keyboard ( User: Colin / Wikimedia Commons), Containerschiff Colombo Express ( User: Wmeinhart / Wikimedia Commons), EU-Flag ( Håkan Dahlstrçm), Collage: Center for International Security and Governance (CISG) Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2017, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847107620 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737007627 Contents Preface ..................................... 9 Introduction .................................. 11 I. Security and International Legal System:Collective and National Security Policy Matthias Herdegen SecurityinModernInternational Law.................... 15 Ulrich Schlie World Order:The Futureofthe State System ................ 27 Joerg Forbrig Russia and the West:FromDifficultPartner to Adversary......... 39 Xuewu Gu China’s Rise to Major Power Status and its Challenges for the West ... 51 Jackson Janes Principle, Policy, and Purpose:The BalanceofValues and Interests ... 59 Christoph Raab Germany’s SecurityRole in the 21st Century................ 67 Karl-Heinz Kamp The Power of Institutions:NATO, the EU,and OSCE ............ 77 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2017, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847107620 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737007627 6 Contents II. Global Challenges Wolfgang Ischinger The Ukraine Crisis and the European SecurityOrder ........... 85 Harald Müller SecurityPolicyToday ............................. 91 August Hanning The WaronTerror .............................. 99 Oliver Gnad Is GermanyCapable of Strategic Planning?AnticipatoryGovernanceas the Foundation for Future-ProofDecisions .................107 Stefan Heumann SecurityinCyberspace:the Limits of Nation-State centric Approaches to SecurityinGlobal Networks .........................121 Matthew Smith /Matthew Green ADiscussion of Surveillance Backdoors:Effectiveness, Collateral Damage, and Ethics ..............................131 JakobRhyner Environmental Risks and Human Securityinthe Context of Global Change ....................................143 FriedbertPflüger Europe’s Natural Gas Sector and the Quest for EnergySecurity– Geopolitics, CurrentDevelopments, and Implications for the Broader SecurityDebate................................149 Lena Guesnet Conflict Resources and Human Security..................157 Christian Schmidt FoodSecurityasaContributiontoSecurityPolicy.............165 Stephan Klingebiel /Annamarie Bindenagel Sˇehovic´ Making Global Health Governance Work:Recommendations for Howto Respond to Global Health Post-Ebola....................171 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2017, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847107620 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737007627 Contents 7 III. Implications for Germany Herfried Münkler Germany’s International Responsibility ...................183 NorbertRöttgen Strategic Challenges for Germany’s ForeignPolicy.............189 Hans-Dieter Heumann Germany’s Responsibilityfor International Security............199 Karl Kaiser Responsibility for TransatlanticSecurity..................205 Joachim Krause WhatAre the Tasks Facing the German Defense Policy? ..........213 Christoph Schwegmann The White Paper 2016 –Defining Germany’s new Role ..........219 Stefan Mair Economic Interests in Germany’s SecurityPolicy.............225 Tilman Mayer Demographics as aSecurityChallenge ...................235 Maximilian Terhalle /Bastian Giegerich The Munich Consensus and the Purpose of German Power ........241 IV.Conclusion JamesBindenagel SecurityPolicyResponsibilities and Strategic Studies in the 21st Century 253 Index of Authors ...............................259 The Center for International Securityand Governance..........263 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2017, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847107620 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737007627 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2017, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847107620 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737007627 Preface WhatdoesInternational Securitymean in the 21st century?Representatives from academiaand politics are facing avarietyofnew challenges that threaten the stabilityoftoday’s world order as well as the cohesion of our society. These challenges comprisefailing states, massiveviolations of human rights, terror- ism, increasing migration and conflictsoverthe distribution of resources. Some of the underlying causes include weak rule of law, lack of educationaloppor- tunities, global health issues, food insecurity, authoritarian rule over resources and shortcomingsincyber security. Manyofthese underlying causes and resulting uncertainties are however not anchored in public consciousness.Asaresult, the German debate on security policyislagging behind current developments. In pursuance of breaching thatgap the Center for International Securityand Governance (CISG) was established at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms- Universitätin2014. Creating aframework to enable avital dialogue between academiaand politics, the CISG decisively contributes to further developing policy-relevantresearch and teaching.Concurrent, the CISG’s objective is to actively contribute to agreater understanding of Germany’s growing role and responsibilityinEurope and the world. The book at hand should create an analytical basis as well as providing afresh impetustothe public securitydebate in Germany, formulating new questions, analyses and problem-solving approaches. Simultaneously,the articles in this book aim at contributing to the global debate on securitypolicy–corresponding to the strategic orientation of Bonn University as alocally embedded as well as a globally linked research institution. Michael Hoch Rector of Bonn University Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2017, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847107620 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737007627 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 © 2017, V&R unipress GmbH, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783847107620 – ISBN E-Lib: 9783737007627 Introduction Europe seemed to have reached a“postmodern” paradise (RobertCooper) at the “end of history”(Francis Fukuyama) when the 21st centurystarted with the Charter of Parisasaguide. The Balkan wars, the last violentclashes on the old continent, had ended. The enlargementofthe European Union and the NATO establishedaviable peace and securityarchitecture for the continent that ex- tended beyond the former ideological blocks of the Cold War. These hopes for peace and securitywere,however,shattered by Russia’s an- nexation of the Crimea and Russia’s militaryintervention in the EasternUk- raine, which defied international lawand agreements concluded at the end of the Cold War. The Middle East has become rife with conflicts that are difficult to unravel. The threatofterrorism increased with the rise of ISIS. The uncertaintyof China’s peacefulrisethreatens Asian stability. Politically and economically, tectonic change shifts the balance of power in favor of the Pacific region. During the Cold Warnuclear bombs and tank divisions represented the greatest threattothe securityofthe West. Today, however,threats are much more diverse. In addition to terrorism, there are refugee flows, resource conflicts, as well as underdevelopment, global issues of epidemics, climate change, food safety, the rule of lawand information technology, presentchallenges to security policy. Twenty-sevenyears after the end of the East-West conflict, Europe is no longer regarded as ahaven of stabilityand arole model for other regions of the world but increasingly as asource of trouble spots and crises. Waristaking place on European soil again, even if some do not wanttocall it awar. The Euro crisis unleashed by Greece and Brexit severely damaged the Euro- pean Union’s unification and integration process. Added to these uncertainties