DOCSLIB.ORG

Foreword & Introduction to the Manuel Lisa's Fort On-The-Yellowstone

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Foreword & Introduction to the Manuel Lisa's Fort On-The-Yellowstone Foreword 1873 land surveys for their track location within Montana Territory, and the Department of the Interior’s (General Land & Office / Bureau of Land Management) fully documented location Introduction to the Manuel Lisa’s of the land that is verified as the site upon which Manuel Lisa constructed the fort. That land still exists, the BLM is its Fort on-the-Yellowstone designated manager, and is listed as such by the DOI/GLO/BLM as “Public Use.” Up until the 1950’s it was thought to belong to the Crow Nation. These facts will be explained in the following Throughout the early history of Montana it has been thought that chapters. The definitions of the fort location were buried deep in the intrepid and brilliant entrepreneur ‘Manuel Lisa’, had the historical past; requiring the services of several agencies and constructed the first fur trading post on the Yellowstone River that dedicated people to unearth – what eventually became self evident. was ‘lost in time’ due to changes in the local area’s Montana river topography. In this brief summary of various major research efforts The following irrefutable facts are presented: and the full diligence of the National Park Service and local residents we are disclosing what actually happened to one of the Fact #1 – The original junction point of the Yellowstone greatest achievements in world history – as seen through the eyes and Big Horn Rivers in Montana has not changed of local Montana residents. significantly since 1806. In this volume we will take you through the maze of reputed Fact #2 – The Manuel Lisa Fort, constructed in 1807, was research activities about this very special fort; the first reported located on the south bank of the Yellowstone River on a building constructed upon future Montana soil in 1807. Many land mass located in the southwest original junction with errors had been committed in archival record researching from the Big Horn River. 1806 to the present time, mainly caused by the exceptional easements provided to the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) Fact #3 – This land mass (from which an island was between 1863 and 1906; along with the Crow Indian Nation’s created by NPR) was acquired by the US Government from closely related activities. Manuel Lisa, in his first attempt at the Crow Indians in 1906 through the Crow Reservation garnering a strong foothold with these Indians, created a very Act; initiated at the request of the Crow Nation in 1882, unique fur enterprise and business concept that quickly spanned and placed into Public Domain for homesteaders. That the globe in commerce between nations. His was the blueprint for status was officially changed to Public Use Only by the all that followed. BLM in 1952. We will take you through the major phases of Manuel Lisa’s Fact #4 – The Island located at the junction of the two lifetime efforts that created a starting point for all fur trappers that rivers was transferred from the GLO to Yellowstone followed: Search for his Yellowstone River Fort, Crow Indian County soon after the 1906 Act was signed. It was renamed Nation’s relation to that fort, NPR’s decision to forego all 1871- “Government Island’ by Yellowstone County officials. 1 2 Fort, its 1808 Addition, their access roads and trails; plus the location of Pott’s Establishment referenced in the Wm Clark Expedition Journals of 1806. Fact #10- The carved inscription of John Colter’s name (1810) matches very closely that of his name carved into “Colter Stone”, discovered in Tetonia, ID, in 1931. Fact #11 – In 1905-1906 NPR removed gravel and earth from the land just south of the fort’s location. This added one more junction for the two rivers. This removal created the Island after the last Domain Land survey of the area was completed. That action, unfortunately, coincided with the signing of the Crow Reservation Act of 1906 – complicating the definition of “land south of the Fact #5 – The additional right to use 5,650 acres of land for Yellowstone River” ownership. NPR ‘unrestricted needs’ within the Crow Nation was granted in 1881, and ratified in 1882 by Congress. Fact #12 – The island land mass base is substantially graveled, and covered throughout with soft-sandy soil, Note: There were now two treaties being brush and various trees. The large Cottonwood Trees are coordinated with the Crow Nation in the same between 130-150 years of age. years. Fact #6 – Both Manuel Lisa and John Colter were present at various times at the fort site during 1807-1810. Fact #7 – Inscriptions of Manuel Lisa (1807) and John Colter (1810) names are carved into a large sandstone rock located about ¾-mile south of the fort, called “Inscription Rock” by researchers. Fact #8 - Three early source record maps depict the fort's general location as being within the tip of the SW junction of the two rivers: 1808, 1810 and 1838. Fact #9 – An 1808 source map, created by Wm Clark & George Drewyer depicts the exact location of the 1807 3 4 Fact #13 – A small island, immediately downstream of the The following related observations are noted: original land mass (now an Island), was formed before completion of the Yellowtail Dam on the Big Horn River; Obs #1 – In c1920, Ken Roahen photographed the thus establishing the island as having two sections. This inscriptions created by Lisa and Colter; and these are also created one additional junction of the Big Horn River considered to represent their personally carved names with the Yellowstone (ie, chute), depending on each river’s carved into a large rock. force and depth. This is the land defined as Government Island. Fact #14 – In 1879, the GLO established an act that added gravel to the definition of ‘mineral’. As such, lands containing gravel were not included in any part of the ‘Domain Land’ being offered for homesteading. Note: The lands south and east of the island are basically devoid of gravel. Fact #15 – Owen B Williams (Hardin, MT resident) and representatives of the Montana State Historical Society, located what they believed to be remains of the Fort in 1947 - 1950. They wanted to erect a monument on the site location, but failed to do so. Fact #16 – The BLM 1951-1952 land survey of the Island verified that this land mass was originally part of the 1906 Crow Reservation Act’s land sale to the US Government. Since no claims for homestead use were issued, the island land is designated Public Use. Note: The two separate pieces of islands, forming ‘Government Island’, are interconnected by a wide river ‘chute’ running between them. This is a waterway-path between the original ‘land mass’ containing the 1807 Fort and the subsequently formed eastward island. 5 6 Obs #2 – There can be no other explanation for creation of unavailable to virtually all researchers until well after 1925. As a these two inscriptions, eg., names; except that they were result, most early researchers assumed that it was located on the only made by these individuals’ themselves. However; south-east corner of the confluence of the Yellowstone and Big there is no document attesting to that fact in any of the Horn Rivers – the same location that William Clark used in 1806. archival files. The Colter name is virtually identical to the This grave error continued for well over a century. The diary one he created at another location – the Rhyolite facial accounts of his second trek clearly define the later events that stone discovered Idaho. Colter’s name is on one side, the occurred at the fort they constructed in 1807. reverse has the date 1808. It appears that the Fort Lisa (Manual Site) inscription might have been carved in part with the tip of an awl. A broken awl tip was located deep in the sandy ground directly under the name. Chapter 3 – NPR’s Decision to Relocate the Track from Obs #3 – The stone (large boulder on private land) onto Glendive to the future town of Billings (In two parts) which the names are carved is deteriorating rapidly, and repairs are needed to stabilize the stone and prevent further When NPR was organized in 1864; the track line was previously erosion. established along the Canadian border by Isaac Steven’s in 1853- 1854 as part of the overall investigation for a rail route to the Chapter 1 – Manuel Lisa History Report Pacific Ocean. At that time the United States was split into two major factions “West US and East US”. In between these factions This chapter is a short summary of Manuel Lisa’s major events, his was an unexplored and rugged Indian Territory land mass. lineages and major activities that formed a very remarkable life. Negotiations with the Inhabitants were required to permit the Very little was known, and a lot was speculated! passage and travel across those lands, and it took about one-year for statesmen from the west to cross the country and return. After the NPR construction firm was established, they planned to reroute Chapter 2 – Manuel Lisa Fur Enterprises (In two parts) the track essentially straight west from St Paul; crossing the Yellowstone River at Glendive Creek (the future Glendive MT), Numerous researchers have examined Manuel Lisa’s life history, follow along the west bank of the Yellowstone to Bozeman, then and the best of the best are referenced as to their contribution to his cut across the Rocky mountains and onto Puget Sound. In Montana life as a person. Many make reference to his fort on the three large and time consuming surveys were completed in 1871- Yellowstone River and their interpretation is presented as directly 1873 to accomplish that feat.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mountain Man Clymer Museum of Art It Has Been Said That It Took Rugged, Practically Fearless Individuals to Explore and Settle America’S West
    HHiiSSTORTORYY— PaSt aNd PerspeCtive John Colter encountering some Indians The First Mountain Man Clymer Museum of Art It has been said that it took rugged, practically fearless individuals to explore and settle America’s West. Surely few would live up to such a characterization as well as John Colter. by Charles Scaliger ran, and sharp stones gouged the soles of wether Lewis traveled down the Ohio his feet, but he paid the pain no mind; any River recruiting men for his Corps of Dis- he sinewy, bearded man raced up torment was preferable to what the Black- covery, which was about to strike out on the brushy hillside, blood stream- foot warriors would inflict on him if they its fabled journey across the continent to ing from his nose from the terrific captured him again. map and explore. The qualifications for re- Texertion. He did not consider himself a cruits were very specific; enlistees in what In 1808, the year John Colter ran his fast runner, but on this occasion the terror race with the Blackfeet, Western Mon- became known as the Lewis and Clark of sudden and agonizing death lent wings tana had been seen by only a handful of expedition had to be “good hunter[s], to his feet. Somewhere not far behind, his white men. The better-known era of the stout, healthy, unmarried, accustomed to pursuers, their lean bodies more accus- Old West, with its gunfighters, cattlemen, the woods, and capable of bearing bodily tomed than his to the severe terrain, were and mining towns, lay decades in the fu- fatigue in a pretty considerable degree.” closing in, determined to avenge the death ture.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Navigation on the Yellowstone River
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1950 History of navigation on the Yellowstone River John Gordon MacDonald The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation MacDonald, John Gordon, "History of navigation on the Yellowstone River" (1950). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2565. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2565 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HISTORY of NAVIGATION ON THE YELLOWoTGriE RIVER by John G, ^acUonald______ Ë.À., Jamestown College, 1937 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Mas­ ter of Arts. Montana State University 1950 Approved: Q cxajJL 0. Chaiinmaban of Board of Examiners auaue ocnool UMI Number: EP36086 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Ois8<irtatk>n PuUishing UMI EP36086 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Fur Trade Far West
    HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN FUR TRADE OF THE FAR WEST THE American Fur Trade OF THE Far West A History of the Pioneer Trading Posts and Early Fu.r Companies of the Missouri Valley and the Rocky Mountains and of the Overland Commerce with Santa Fe. AIAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS BY HIRAM MAR TIN CHITTENDEN captain Corps of Engineers, U.S. A., Author of "The Yellowstone." THREE VOLUMES VO~UME III. NEW YORK FRANCIS P. HARPER 1902 CoPYRIGHT, 1901, BY FRANCIS P. HARPER All rights reserved APPENDICES. C< ;py OF LETTER FROM PIERRE l\IENARD TO PIERRE CHOLTTE;\L'. An account of the first attack by the Blackfeet upon the :\Iissouri Fur Company at the Three Forks of the Missouri in the summer of 1810. Below are given in the original and corrected French and in English translation copies of a letter found among the Chouteau papers. It is probably the only document in exist­ ence that was written upon the identical spot where the old fort of the St. Louis Missouri Fur Company stood at the Three Forks of the Missouri. It narrates an important event in the series of disasters which overtook the company in that quarter, and is a genuine messenger from that forlorn band under Henry who later, when driven from this position, crossed the Divide and built the first trading establishment upon Columbian waters. The original of this letter, in four pages, written upon a sheet of fine light blue paper. full let­ ter size, and still in excellent preservation, is in the posses­ sion of Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Présentation Powerpoint
    Sacagawea Sacagawea /səˌkɑːɡəˈwiːə/ & Lewis and Clark The knowledge of Sacagawea of the peoples and the circles was part of the success of the expedition. She saved the expedition at least twice from a failure: - when she avoided the loss of food, of supplies and documents in rapids - when the expedition met the Shoshone tribe. At first, they were hostile to their passage. The leader of the tribe was her brother named Cameahwait. She could have stayed with him and her people but decided to continue the exploration. Her exploit is all the more great as she gave birth to a son, Jean-Baptiste or “Pompy”, during the expedition, and she had to undergo the ill-treatment of her husband throughout the route in spite of a critical health caused by a disease which caused her death at the age of 25. Her History Sacagawea or Sakakawea or Sacajawea was a Shoshone Lemhi woman. She was born on 1788 in Idaho in the USA and she died on 20th December in 1812 in Fort Lisa. Her husband was Toussaint Charbonneau and her children were Jean Batiste Charbonneau and Lizette Charbonneau. She had a brother : Cameahwait Sacagawea = Little bird HER REMOVAL She was abducted of the age of 11 by Hidatsa and lived with them as a slave. « Won » when gambling by Toussaint Charbonneau, a Canadian-French trapper who married her, she was, at the age of 15 the interpreter and guide of the Lewis and Clark expedition In her memory - Lake Sakakawea was created in 1956 in North Dakota - Sacagawea River, a river of the Montana - US SACAGAWEA, name of several ships of the United States Navy -The asteroid (2822) Sacajawea -A coin of a dollar, since the year 2000 which represents her portrait and that of her son.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Atkinson at Council Bluffs
    Fort Atkinson at Council Bluffs (Article begins on page 2 below.) This article is copyrighted by History Nebraska (formerly the Nebraska State Historical Society). You may download it for your personal use. For permission to re-use materials, or for photo ordering information, see: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/re-use-nshs-materials Learn more about Nebraska History (and search articles) here: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/nebraska-history-magazine History Nebraska members receive four issues of Nebraska History annually: https://history.nebraska.gov/get-involved/membership Full Citation: Sally A Johnson, “Fort Atkinson at Council Bluffs,” Nebraska History 38 (1957): 229-236 Article Summary: The author presents the history of Fort Atkinson and questions still surrounding its origins. New interest in the site of the post arose during the summer of 1956 when a Nebraska State Historical Society field party, under the direction of Marvin F Kivett, did some archeological work there. There was a bill before Congress to make the site a national monument at that time. Cataloging Information: Names: Marvin F Kivett, Lewis and Clark, John Ordway, John Colter, George Drouillard, John Potts, Peter Wiser, Manuel Lisa, Patrick Gass, S H Long, J R Bell, Henry Atkinson, John C Calhoun, T S Jessup Keywords: Missouri Trading Company, St Louis; Engineer Cantonment; Fort Lisa; Cantonment Council Bluffs; Omaha Indians; Ninth Military Department; Water Witch (lead boat in the move to Jefferson Barracks); Yellowstone Expedition Photographs / Images: Meeting of Lewis and Clark with Oto and Missouri Indians at Council Bluffs, 1804 (painting reconstructed by Herbert Thomas, staff artist, Nebraska State Historical Society) FORT ATKINSON AT COUNCIL BLUFFS BY SALLY A.
    [Show full text]
  • History of North Dakota Chapter 3
    34 History of North Dakota CHAPTER 3 A Struggle for the Indian Trade THE D ISCOVERY OF AMERICA set in motion great events. For one thing, it added millions of square miles of land to the territorial resources which Europeans could use. For another, it provided a new source of potential income for the European economy. A golden opportunity was at hand, and the nations of Europe responded by staking out colonial empires. As the wealth of the New World poured in, it brought about a 400-year boom and transformed European institutions. Rivalry for empire brought nations into conflict over the globe. It reached North Dakota when fur traders of three nationalities struggled to control the Upper Missouri country. First the British, coming from Hudson Bay and Montreal, dominated trade with the Knife River villages. Then the Spanish, working out of St. Louis, tried to dislodge the British, but distance and the hostility of Indians along the Missouri A Struggle for the Indian Trade 35 caused them to fail. After the Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark claimed the Upper Missouri for the United States, and Americans from St. Louis began to seek trade there. They encountered the same obstacles which had stopped the Spanish, however, and with the War of 18l 2, they withdrew from North Dakota, leaving it still in British hands. THE ARRIVAL OF BRITISH TRADERS When the British captured Montreal in 1760, the French abandoned their posts in the Indian country and the Indians were compelled to carry all of their furs to Hudson Bay. Before long, however, British traders from both the Bay and Montreal began to venture into the region west of Lake Superior, and by 1780 they had forts on the Assiniboine River.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mandan and Hidatsa Establish Missouri Valley Villages
    The North Dakota Studies Newspaper Issue One Native Peoples, First Encounter, Fur Trade 1780-1850 THE MANDAN AND HIDATSA ESTABLISH MISSOURI VALLEY VILLAGES The Mandan and Hidatsa Villages through oral tradition, began with The Year of 1730 Charred Body who lived in the Sky. He heard the bellowing of buffalo, and looking through a Over hundreds of years the Mandan people made hole in the heavens, discovered their way from the eastern woodlands of the the earth below. Liking what he Ohio River Valley to the valley of the Missouri saw, he descended to earth in the River. Divided into five bands, the Nuptadi, form of an arrow. He erected 13 the Mananar, the Nuitadi, the Istope, and the earthlodges and brought down 13 Awikaxa, the Mandan have established nine large young couples who founded the well-fortified villages along the banks of the original families. Sacred arrows Knife, Heart, and Missouri rivers. Some reports have the power to protect the tell us that the Mandan reached their present sites people from evil. as early as the year 900. Not long after the Awatixa arrived Numbering in the neighborhood of 9,000, the on the Missouri, the Awaxawi, Mandan are a Siouan-speaking people who Siouan-speaking eastern neighbors, owe their origins to First Creator and Lone left for the Missouri Valley. The Man. These two powerful spirits, the Mandan Awaxawi origin account begins believe, created the Missouri River Valley and the with the creation of the earth Hidatsa village. animals, plants, and people who live there. First by Lone Man and First Creator Creator made the hills, woods, springs, buffalo, who competed with each other deer, and antelope on the south side of the to see who could make the best Valley.
    [Show full text]
  • Fur Trade and Exploration the French Empire in North America
    I FUR TRADE AND EXPLORATION THE FRENCH EMPIRE IN NORTH AMERICA L\ ~\LJ.I\ .\KP..s POSSES.,IOS OF [.,o("lSI.ISA IS Til¥. S.\.\IF 0>' ,,'XG LOL'lS XIV Ap.1l .. l&\~ /I__~MJ 11'.........10' r 0/..;/4, '<1 ...- f""" ... nol l"';n' I by"T. <I< "'hol' lX/'O:.- "-'''''''./''77' .... .... f . "W<¥""w /?rI ~-L'Y.Nf'VT :<~/:.v; p3"/'7#/ 7'q;I?! 0y j u_o ~. 7 __ ,"9--,,1 "'1"'#1;0 ~ '/.;.,I;;I/.... LfI.."~ ..NNyny .....1',. ,.."yP>l>v ~o/ '"'1/' ,. .f-./ J~ ,,--,~ , -"'/""''' . ~.. 1...-/", tI..t< '" U'diu atJ<- :. f'7~ 9:.- '1 j- ''I'll 'l~?4 "9 ... ,p pUrJ .. ~¥"¥,//;" //" If..? t. P i:I....I{- ,. t.. _no 'Yd; ~ ~ t. r;t,...;,,, "I";'} -"" I.k~ P'lJ,tn-t 2. k:Jf~ '}. I, r. ~ t. &' k.Ii- ~ 1 vi__ f""" ,/- ?n_ L. /. Yo.l-. ?n-~ ;1. /?k~-ftikv- I. f 1~tJ;(;;v _ I.. 7JJ~ L;z;... c _ P.<- ..IJr,.,d.,L..~ -r>.~ ... ,.,....;') ~ t.-...... >~ /l- :J "" .. QIJ. '. ~~>ii a7-7~ 1­ " ! ;/- .... r. fitf-.,£... m_<k-:;- .. .:J. _~;. p< a. __... .'. z y. j ... I~ t;.t.7f(;;" .,.i<!IL, ",,_k. /.r.1 • .zI~ k'&_ i}.;. t::£t<:; ~ U:":' - ~ R,.;4-.J6 ..r_ ""...,k:. .:J ~ 4 . - II ~~ 4..: Aa.. .... .J' ..• Z pH,'#-/fi"Y-:' =_d.. / /."4 JIJ/_ .... ...a..,.; < }C?'-;7;"" &A ~~~. ~. d-_-P"u. ~"""- .. " /1 \ ~'-iJ(...:r %J,~;. i4- -:..J' k, p­ ;;;::. :3";1- ~~ /- ,[-~,(,... - '- • ., , n<- • - c - 20" " • ~......~ George Orouillard ViIlS the son ot II French Can.. d i an and /I..Shavnee lIIother. He was the interpreter iIlnd hunter to the Levis and Clark expedidtion - 1803/1806.10 1806 he joined with Manuel Lisa and Pierre Henard in llIounting tvo beaver exploring expeditions to the Upper Hissouri - 1807/1809.
    [Show full text]
  • The Francis Whittemore Cragin Collection
    The Francis Whittemore Cragin Collection Extent: Approximately 10 cubic feet. Finding Aid Prepared By: Michelle Gay, Spring 2001. Provenance: The materials in this collection were bequeathed to the Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum in the will of Francis W. Cragin, and were received shortly after his death. If more information is needed, please see the archivist. Arrangement: Materials were divided into series according to original order and type. In all cases, priority was given to the preservation of original order. Copyright: The materials in the collection may be assumed to be copyrighted by the creator of those materials. The museum advises patrons that it is their responsibility to procure from the owner of copyright permission to reproduce, publish, or exhibit these materials. The owner of copyright is presumed to be the creator, his or her heirs, legates, or assignees. Patrons must obtain written permission from the Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum to reproduce, publish, or exhibit these materials. In all cases, the patron agrees to hold the Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum harmless and indemnify the museum for any and all claims arising from the use of the reproductions. Restrictions: The Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum reserves the right to examine proofs and captions for accuracy and sensitivity prior to publication with the right to revise, if necessary. The Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum reserves the right to refuse reproduction of its holdings and to impose such conditions as it may deem advisable in its sole and absolute discretion in the best interests of the museum. Oversized and/or fragile items will be reproduced solely at the discretion of the Archivist.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Travel and Rights of Passage on the Missouri River Christopher Steinke
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository History ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 6-26-2015 The "Free Road": Indigenous Travel and Rights of Passage on the Missouri River Christopher Steinke Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Steinke, Christopher. "The "Free Road": Indigenous Travel and Rights of Passage on the Missouri River." (2015). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds/73 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i Christopher J. Steinke Candidate History Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Samuel Truett, Chairperson Durwood Ball Margaret Connell-Szasz Juliana Barr ii THE "FREE ROAD": INDIGENOUS TRAVEL AND RIGHTS OF PASSAGE ON THE MISSOURI RIVER by CHRISTOPHER J. STEINKE A.B., English, Harvard College, 2004 M.A., History, University of Nebraska–Lincoln DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy History The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2015 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to my advisor, Samuel Truett, for continuously believing in this project and steering me in new and rewarding directions. His intellectual vigor remains a source of inspiration, and I thank him for the many conversations in which he pushed me to think outside the box and consider unexpected connections.
    [Show full text]
  • Illusions of Independence
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SHAREOK repository ILLUSIONS OF INDEPENDENCE: THE TETON SIOUX AND THE AMERICAN FUR TRADE, 1804-1854 By KURT ANDERSON Bachelor of Science in Zoology Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 1979 Master of Arts in History University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 2005 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2011 ILLUSIONS OF INDEPENDENCE: THE TETON SIOUX AND THE AMERICAN FUR TRADE, 1804-1854 Dissertation Approved: Dr. L.G. Moses Dissertation Adviser Dr. Richard C. Rohrs Dr. Michael Smith Dr. Brad Bays Dr. Sheryl A. Tucker Dean of the Graduate College ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 Purpose ................................................................................................................ 1 Historiography……………………………………………………………………..7 Research Method…………………………………………………………………13 Chapter Synopses…………………………………………………………………19 I. PRELUDE, 1804-1815……………………………………………………………..33 “Before Lewis and Clark”………………………………………………………....33 First Encounters…………………………………………………………………...35 Teton Gauntlet…………………………………………………………………….40 Early Competition…………………………………………………………………43 The Great Race…………………………………………………………………….53 Manuel Lisa………………………………………………………………………..62 Peace On the Missouri……………………………………………………………..64
    [Show full text]
  • The Search for Fort Lisa in the Vicinity of Omaha, Nebraska: a Gis Site Location Model
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Anthropology Department Theses and Anthropology, Department of Dissertations 4-2019 The eS arch for Fort Lisa in the Vicinity of Omaha, Nebraska: A GIS Site Location Model Brian C. Goodrich University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthrotheses Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Goodrich, Brian C., "The eS arch for Fort Lisa in the Vicinity of Omaha, Nebraska: A GIS Site Location Model" (2019). Anthropology Department Theses and Dissertations. 54. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthrotheses/54 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Department Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. THE SEARCH FOR FORT LISA IN THE VICINITY OF OMAHA, NEBRASKA: A GIS SITE LOCATION MODEL by Brian C. Goodrich A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: Anthropology Under the Supervision of Professor Heather Richards- Rissetto Lincoln, Nebraska April, 2019 THE SEARCH FOR FORT LISA IN THE VICINITY OF OMAHA, NEBRASKA: A GIS SITE LOCATION MODEL Brian C. Goodrich, M.A. University of Nebraska, 2019 Advisor: Heather Richards-Rissetto Fort Lisa was one of several important Euro-American fur trade sites in the vicinity of what is today Omaha, Nebraska. It, along with the other sites on that stretch of the Missouri River, were key locations both for trade with local tribes and as waypoints for those travelling to northern tribes in the early 19th Century.
    [Show full text]