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Australia's Health Snapshots 2020

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Australia's Health Snapshots 2020 Australia’s health snapshots 2020 Australia’s health snapshots 2020 This document is a point-in-time compilation of the Australia’s health snapshots (web pages) published 23 July 2020. For the latest version of the snapshots, including interactive content, visit: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-data/australias-health/australias-health-snapshots Australia’s health snapshots are part of the Australia’s health 2020 product suite. 2 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Acknowledgements In addition to the individual acknowledgements below, many other staff from the AIHW contributed time and expertise. We gratefully acknowledge the work of the publishing, design, website, media, communications, executive and parliamentary teams, as well as the support and advice from data custodians, subject matter experts, data visualisation specialists and the statistical advisor. Steering committee Fadwa Al-Yaman Michael Frost Matthew James Richard Juckes Andrew Kettle Gabrielle Phillips Barry Sandison Adrian Webster Louise York Project management team Sara Bignell Simone Brown Pooja Chowdhary Sayan De Elise Guy Dinesh Indraharan Sarah Kamppi Chelsea Raymond Author liaison group Vicki Bennett Fleur de Crespigny Gary Hanson 3 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Moira Hewitt Elizabeth Hynes Clara Jellie Conan Liu Miriam Lum On Sally Mills Claire Sparke Jason Thomson Authors and content developers Josh Alexander Jodi Coppin Kate Hafekost Georgie Amoyal Prajali Dangol Justin Harvey Lilia Arcos-Holzinger Sayan De Wendy Ho Belinda Baker Fleur de Crespigny Maddie Howlett Sue Barker Michael de Looper Lisa Irvine Michelle Barnett Heidi Dietz Martin Isidro Tylie Bayliss Vergil Dolar Helen Johnstone Patrick Bell Melanie Dunford Sarah Jones Navreet Bhattal Amy Duong Elyse Kambisios Sara Bignell Deanna Eldridge Sarp Kaya Carol Bird Mardi Ellis Eve Kelly Jacinta Blazevska Lachlan Facchini Jennifer Kerrigan Ruby Brooks Amy Ferriday Bokyung Kim Simone Brown Louise Gates Pippa Kuhnel Willow Bryant Simone Georg Paula Laws Brent Bufton Kate Gersekowski Sophie Lindquist David Bulbeck Frances Gibson Conan Liu Rachel Burnett Alexandra Golab Leanne Luong Karen Byng Steph Gordon Luci Macdonald Charles Chak Lizzie Gorrell Lucinda Macdonald Therese Chapman Chloe Groves Kalijah Madsen-Guarini Alex Chiddy Jenna Haddin Peter Marlton 4 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Chloe Martin Harene Ranjithakumaran Jeanette Tyas Grace Miller Kamini Reddy Rebecca Van Praag Lucas Mills Anna Reynolds Enya Venn Kevin Monahan Anna Ritson Thao Vu Tessa Morgan April Roberts-Witteveen Daisy Wang Ann Morgan Chris Rompotis Anne-Marie Waters Rosalind Morland Emily Ross Micaella Watson Graeme Morris Rhiannon Sallway Jenny Webb Chileshe Mulenga Ross Saunders Karen Webber Rachel Muntz Rachel Sherwin Kristian Weissel Pearl Ng Shubhada Shukla Michelle Welch Kien Nguyen Claire Sparke Jeanine Wilson Bronte O'Donnell Isabella Stephens David Wong Cynthia Parayiwa Heather Swanston Henry Wong Andrea Parisi Josh Sweeney Sally Woodhouse James Pearce Libby Teki Bronwyn Wyatt Katie Penfold Prem Thapa Chenkun Zhao Tuan Phan Jason Thomson Bronwen Phillips Louise Tierney Andrew Phillips Lany Trinh Naila Rahman Richard Tuttle External reviewers Thanks to the following experts for reviewing Australia’s health 2020: snapshots: Honorary Professor Helen Berry—Macquarie University Dr John Cooper—The University of Melbourne Distinguished Professor Billie Giles-Corti—Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Professor James Harrison—Flinders University Claire Hewat—Allied Health Professions Australia Professor Deborah Loxton—University of Newcastle 5 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Associate Professor Geoff Morgan—University of Sydney Nicolle Predl—Australian Health Service Alliance Deb Reid—D A Reid and Company Associate Professor Grant Sara—NSW Ministry of Health Natalie Townsend—University of Newcastle Thanks also to the following organisations and Australian Government departments and agencies: Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care Australian Digital Health Agency Department of Defence Department of the Envrionment and Energy Department of Health Department of Social Services Department of Veterans’ Affairs Everymind Infrastructure Australia National Indigenous Australians Agency National Injury Surveillance Unit, Flinders University Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety Safe Work Australia 6 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Contents Health status Bone and joint health Burden of disease Cancer Causes of death Chronic conditions and multimorbidity Chronic kidney disease Chronic respiratory conditions Coronary heart disease Dementia Diabetes Health impacts of family, domestic and sexual violence Health of people experiencing homelessness How healthy are Australians? Infectious and communicable diseases Injury International comparisons of health data Mental health Physical health of people with mental illness Stroke Suicide and intentional self-harm What is health? Determinants of health Alcohol risk and harm Biomedical risk factors Built environment and health Diet Health literacy Illicit drug use 7 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Insufficient physical activity Natural environment and health Overweight and obesity Social determinants of health Stress and trauma Tobacco smoking Health system Alcohol and other drug treatment services Allied health and dental services Cancer screening and treatment Clinical quality registries Digital health Health and medical research Health expenditure Health promotion Health system overview Health workforce Hospital care Immunisation and vaccination Medicines in the health system Mental health services Palliative care services Patient experience of health care Primary health care Private health insurance Safety and quality of health care Specialist, pathology and other diagnostic services Workers’ compensation Health of population groups Health across socioeconomic groups Health of children 8 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Health of mothers and babies Health of older people Health of people with disability Health of prisoners Health of veterans Health of young people Rural and remote health Indigenous health Culturally safe health care for Indigenous Australians Health risk factors among Indigenous Australians Indigenous Australians’ use of health services Indigenous health and wellbeing Indigenous hearing health Indigenous life expectancy and deaths Profile of Indigenous Australians Social determinants and Indigenous health Glossary 9 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Health status Health is not just the presence of absence of disease or injury— more holistically, it is a state of wellbeing. These snapshots consider how healthy we are as a nation and look at some specific causes of ill health in Australia. 10 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Bone and joint health Find the most recent version of this information at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/bone-and-joint-health Conditions that affect the bones, muscles and joints are known as musculoskeletal conditions. These conditions include long-term (chronic) conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, back pain and problems, gout, and osteoporosis or osteopenia (low bone density) (see Glossary). How common are chronic musculoskeletal conditions? Chronic musculoskeletal conditions affect almost 3 in 10 (29%) Australians. Self-reported data from the Australian Bureau of Satistics 2017–18 National Health Survey (NHS) provide estimates of the number of Australians affected by musculoskeletal conditions. These data indicate that, of the nearly 7.0 million people with chronic musculoskeletal conditions, 4.0 million (16% of all Australians) had back pain and problems (the most common musculoskeletal condition), 3.6 million (15%) had arthritis and 924,000 (3.8%) had osteoporosis (ABS 2018a). These rates have remained relatively consistent since 2007–08 (Figure 1). 11 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Females and older people are at greater risk Females and older people were more likely to have chronic musculoskeletal conditions. The 2017–18 NHS shows that: Females were 1.2 times as likely to have a musculoskeletal condition and more than 4 times as likely to have osteoporosis compared with males. The prevalence of arthritis was similar in males and females aged 0–44, but overall females were 1.5 times as likely to have arthritis compared with males. The prevalence of back pain and problems was similar in males and females across all age groups. More than 2 in 3 (68%) people aged 75 and over had a musculoskeletal condition (Figure 2). 12 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Comorbidity People with musculoskeletal conditions often have other long-term conditions. This is called ‘comorbidity’, which describes any additional disease that is experienced by a person with a disease of interest (the index disease). Prevalence of comorbidity In the 2017–18 NHS, for people aged 15 and over with: Osteoporosis, 85% had at least one other chronic condition 13 Australia's health snapshots 2020 Arthritis, 74% had at least one other chronic condition Back pain and problems, 64% had at least one other chronic condition The number of comorbidities varies by age and sex. For example, the proportion of people with back pain and problems who had at least one other chronic condition increased with age, from 47% (aged 15–44) to 85% (aged 65 and over). Among those with back pain and problems, the proportion
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