ALGAE and INVERTEBRATES of Deepwater Communities in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Developed by Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary Emma L

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ALGAE and INVERTEBRATES of Deepwater Communities in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Developed by Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary Emma L ALGAE AND INVERTEBRATES of Deepwater Communities in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Developed by Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary Emma L. Hickerson and G.P. Schmahl CLASS HOLOTHUROIDEA Collaborators: Mary Wicksten (Texas A&M University), Douglas C. Weaver and Kyle Byers (NOAA/FGBNMS), Lance Horn (National Undersea Research ORDER ASPIDOCHIROTIDA Center/University of North Carolina at Wilmington), Suzanne Fredericq (University of Louisiana, Lafayette), Stephen Cairns (Smithsonian Institute), Chris KINGDOM PLANTAE Pomory (University of West Florida), Charles Messing (NOVA Southeastern University), Gordon Hendler (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County), Family Holothuriidae Family Stichopodidae Isostichopus badionotus Wes Tunnell and Fabio Moretzsohn (Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi), John Forsythe (University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston) DIVISION CHLOROPHYTA (GREEN ALGAE) ORDER SCLERACTINIA February, 2007 Order Bryopsidales Order Cladophorales Order Siphonocladales Family Codiaceae Family Pocilloporidae Family Anadyomenaceae Family Valoniaceae PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA CLASS ASTEROIDEA ORDER FORCIPULATIDA ORDER VALVATIDA Family Goniasteridae Family Asteriidae Holothuria lentiginosa Isostichopus badionotus Codium repens Anadyomene lacerata Ventricaria ventricosa CLASS PHAEOPHYCEAE (BROWN ALGAE) Order Dictyotales Order Fucales Family Dictyotaceae Family Sargassaceae Madracis brueggemanni Coronaster briareus Sclerasterias contorta Tosia parva CU1 CU2 CLASS CRINOIDEA Family Ophidiasteridae ORDER COMATULIDA Family Antedonidae Madracis cf asperula? Padina profunda Sargassum hystrix Family Oculinidae CU3 DIVISION RHODOPHYTA (RED ALGAE) Linckia guildingii Narcissia trigonaria Hacelia superba ORDER Order Cryptonemiales ORDER SPINULOSIDA CHARITOMETRIDAE Family Cryptonemiaceae Family Schizymeniaceae Family Echinasteridae Yet to be idenitified sea stars Stylometra spinifera var. brevispina CR07 Madrepora carolina Oculina sp.? Family Caryophylliidae Henricia sexradiata ST01 ST13 ST08 CR11 Crinometra brevipinna Halymenia hancockii Titanophora incrustans CLASS OPHIUROIDEA ORDER ORDER OPHIURIDA Yet to be identified crinoids ORDER PHRYNOPHIURIDA COMASTERIDAE Order Gigartinales Order Caulerpales Family Gorgonocephalidae Family Kallymeniaceae Family Caulerpaceae Oxysmilia rotundifolia CR06 SO2 Comactinia meridionalis Comactinia meridionalis Davidaster discoideus Astrophyton muricatum Astrocyclus caecilia Caulerpa racemosa Family Gorgonocephalidae Kallymenia westii Family Ophiothricidae PHYLUM MOLLUSCA CLASS CEPHALOPODA CLASS GASTROPODA KINGDOM ANIMALIA ORDER OCTOPODA ORDER VETIGASTROPODA ORDER CAENOGASTROPODA Family Octopodidae Family Ovulidae PHYLUM CNIDARIA PHYLUM ANNELIDA Family Pleurotomariidae CLASS ANTHOZOA CLASS POLYCHAETA SO3 SUBCLASS HEXACORALLIA ORDER CANALIPALPATA Yet to be identified stony coral Order Zoanthidea Family Serpulidae ST07 Ophiothrix suensonii SUBCLASS CERIANTIPATHARIA CLASS ECHINOIDEA ORDER CERIANTHARIA ORDER CIDAROIDA ORDER DIADEMATOIDA Family Cidaridae Family Diadematidae Octopus - Scaeurgus unicirrus Entemnotrochus adansonianus Cyphoma gibbosum PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Slit shell Flamingo Tongue CLASS MALACOSTRACA Family Palaemonidae Family Axiidae Protopalythoa grandis ORDER DECAPODA Family Serpulidae Family Pandalidae Mushroom zoanthid Filograna huxleyi? Family Hippolytidae Order Actinaria Family Aliciidae Family Isophelliidae TA02 Stylocidaris affinis Astropyga magnifica TA01 ORDER TEMNOPLEUROIDA SUBCLASS OCTOCORALLIA Family Toxopneustidae ORDER PENNATULACEA Plesionika longicauda Lysmata grabhami Periclimenes pedersoni Calaxius sp. Family Inachidae Family Galatheidae Family Diogenidae All of these images were obtained with a camera on a Alicia mirabilis Telmatactis sp. remotely operated vehicle at Warty anemone depths between 50m and 150m Lytechinus sp. Lytechinus sp. Stenorynchus seticornis Munida sp. Dardanus fucosus? SPEN1 SPEN2 SPEN3 Arrow crab.
Recommended publications
  • New Geographic Distribution Records for Northeastern Atlantic Species from Peniche and Berlengas Archipelago
    SHORT COMMUNICATION New geographic distribution records for Northeastern Atlantic species from Peniche and Berlengas Archipelago NUNO VASCO RODRIGUES Rodrigues, N.V. 2012. New geographic distribution records for Northeastern Atlantic species. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences 29: 63-66. Nuno V. Rodrigues (email: [email protected]), GIRM – Marine Resources Research Group, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Campus 4, Santuário Nª Sª dos Remédios, PT-2520-641 Peniche, Portugal. INTRODUCTION CNIDARIA: ACTINIARIA During SCUBA dives and intertidal surveys car- Alicia mirabilis Johnson, 1861 ried out in 2006 and 2007 at Peniche and the Ber- This species occurs in the Eastern Atlantic, from lengas Archipelago (Portugal), undertaken as part the Canary Islands (Ocaña 1994), Azores (Wirtz of a research project with the objective of et al. 2003) and Madeira (Wirtz 1995) to the Por- publishing an underwater marine guide, a photo- tuguese continental coast as far north as Cascais graphic register of several species not yet (Wirtz & Debelius 2004). It was very recently recorded for the area was produced. recorded in Senegal (Wirtz 2011). A. mirabilis is Subsequent identification and bibliographic also common in the western Mediterranean research confirmed that these records were made (Ocaña et al. 2000) and has been recorded in the beyond the previously known geographic distri- Adriatic Sea (Kruzic et al. 2002) and Aegean Sea bution boundaries for each of the species men- (Katsanevakis & Thessalou-Legaki 2007). In the tioned here. Western Atlantic, it is known from Florida and the Bahamas to Brazil (Humann 1992; Zamponi et al. 1998). MATERIAL & METHODS This species was observed in Peniche (39º21.64'N 9º25.28'W) while diving at about 17 Most of the records were made by underwater meters depth over rocky substrate (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of a Case of Staphylococcus Aureus Infection of Skin After Scuba Diving
    Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2196 Coral Dermatitis or Infectious Dermatitis: Report of a Case of Staphylococcus Aureus Infection of Skin After Scuba Diving Venkataramana Kandi 1 1. Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences Corresponding author: Venkataramana Kandi, [email protected] Abstract Skin lesion which develops after deep sea diving is termed as coral dermatitis. The corals are known to produce a toxic substance which when comes in to contact with human skin may elicit hypersensitive reactions. Most previous reports highlight the allergic reactions caused by deep sea diving. This is a rare case of staphylococcal skin infection in a second-year medical student caused by Staphylococcus aureus; he reported a history of deep sea diving before being presented to the hospital with skin rashes. This case highlights the importance of considering infectious aetiology in cases of coral dermatitis. Categories: Dermatology, Infectious Disease Keywords: skin lesion, coral dermatitis, staphylococcus aureus, dermatitis, staphylococcal skin infection Introduction Coral dermatitis is a skin condition caused by corals. These are a group of invertebrate and immobile living organisms that belong to the kingdom Animalia, phylum Cnidaria, and class Anthozoa, order Actniaria. They include the sea anemones, sea pens, jelly fish, and the hydra [1]. Corals grow as colonies containing polyps (sac-like structures) measuring few centimetres in length. They secrete calcium carbonate and over a period, develop hard skeleton-like structures under the oceans. Corals live by capturing small fishes, see weeds, microscopic zooplanktons and derive energy from the unicellular dinoflagellates (algae) which live/grow on them. The polyps of the corals contain tentacles/organelles named as nematocysts which produces a toxic substance.
    [Show full text]
  • Character Evolution in Light of Phylogenetic Analysis and Taxonomic Revision of the Zooxanthellate Sea Anemone Families Thalassianthidae and Aliciidae
    CHARACTER EVOLUTION IN LIGHT OF PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE ZOOXANTHELLATE SEA ANEMONE FAMILIES THALASSIANTHIDAE AND ALICIIDAE BY Copyright 2013 ANDREA L. CROWTHER Submitted to the graduate degree program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Daphne G. Fautin ________________________________ Paulyn Cartwright ________________________________ Marymegan Daly ________________________________ Kirsten Jensen ________________________________ William Dentler Date Defended: 25 January 2013 The Dissertation Committee for ANDREA L. CROWTHER certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: CHARACTER EVOLUTION IN LIGHT OF PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE ZOOXANTHELLATE SEA ANEMONE FAMILIES THALASSIANTHIDAE AND ALICIIDAE _________________________ Chairperson Daphne G. Fautin Date approved: 15 April 2013 ii ABSTRACT Aliciidae and Thalassianthidae look similar because they possess both morphological features of branched outgrowths and spherical defensive structures, and their identification can be confused because of their similarity. These sea anemones are involved in a symbiosis with zooxanthellae (intracellular photosynthetic algae), which is implicated in the evolution of these morphological structures to increase surface area available for zooxanthellae and to provide protection against predation. Both
    [Show full text]
  • Sobre Anêmonas-Do-Mar (Actiniaria) Bo Brasil
    Bol. Zool. e Biol. Mar., N.S., n.° 30, pp. 457-468, São Paulo, 1973 SOBRE ANÊMONAS-DO-MAR (ACTINIARIA) BO BRASIL DIVA DINIZ CORRÊA Departamento de Zoologia do Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo — Caixa Postal, 20.520 —■ São Paulo — Brasil. RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta uma descrição sumária de 5 espécies de anê- monas-do-mar ainda não conhecidas para a costa brasileira. São elas: Lebrunia danae (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860), de Pernambuco, Lebrunia coralligens (Wilson, 1890), da Bahia, Condylactis gigantea (Weinland, 1860), da Bahia, Homostichanthus ãuerdeni Carlgren, 1900, de Espírito Santo e Alicia mirabilis Johnson, 1861, de Pernambuco. ON SEA ANEMONES (ACTINIARIA) FROM BRAZIL ABSTRACT In a first paper, Corrêa (1964) described 10 species of sea ane­ mones from Brazil, mainly from the coast of São Paulo. Only one of them, Calliactis tricolor (Lesueur, 1817), is mentioned to occur in Ceará State, Northeastern coast of Brazil. Later on, one more spe­ cies, Actinoporus elegans Duchassaing, 1850, also from São Paulo coast, was described (Corrêa, in press). Of the eleven species included in both papers, six are mostly known from Caribbean waters. Four of the five species described here, Lebrunia danae (Duchas­ saing & Michelotti, 1860), Lebrunia coralligens (Wilson, 1890), Condy­ lactis gigantea (Weinland, I860), and Homostichanthus ãuerdeni Carlgren, 1900, are known for Caribbean waters also, now collected in Pernambuco (one species), Bahia (two species) and Espírito Santo (one species). The fifth species, Alicia mirabilis Johnson, 1861, already known from Madeira Island, was found in Pernambuco. INTRODUÇÃO Na sua revisão sistemática das três Ordens de anêmonas-do-mar, Ptichodactiaria, Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria, Carlgren (1949) men­ ciona apenas 4 espécies da última Ordem conhecidas para o Brasil.
    [Show full text]
  • Observations of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera Physalus
    A CATALOGUE OF ACTINIARIA AND CORALLIMORPHARIA FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS AND FROM MADEIRA. OSCAR OCAÑA & J.C. DEN HARTOG OCAÑA, O. & J.C. DEN HARTOG 2002. A catalogue of actiniaria and corallimorpharia from the Canary Islands and from Madeira. Arquipélago. Life and Marine Sciences 19A: 33-54. The present catalogue is the first list of Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia from the Canary Islands and from Madeira (Central Macaronesia), including 41 species. The endemic actinofauna supports the idea of Central Macaronesian Archipelagos as a biogeographical unit, different from the other Macaronesian Archipelagos. 21 new records for the area are cited, some of them extending considerably the ranges for the species. Oscar Ocaña (e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]), Instituto de Estudios Ceutíes (IEC/CECEL-CSIC), Paseo del Revellín nº 30; Apdo nº 953- 51080 Ceuta, North Africa, Spain; J.C. den Hartog, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, The Netherlands. Deceased. INTRODUCTION the Benthos Project in order to make a catalogue of marine invertebrates and also to study the main The first zoologist to study the actinofauna of communities and marine ecosystems of the Madeira was JAMES YATE JOHNSON (1861). Some Canary Islands. Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia years later, material from Macaronesian bottoms from Central Macaronesia (OCAÑA 1994) was the was collected during some of the most important last project to study the sea anemones from the oceanographic expeditions. First was material Macaronesian archipelagos. collected on the voyages of the HIRONDELLE I Remarkably, a number of Actiniaria species & II and the PRINCESSE-ALICE I & II (1888- have been found on branches of Dendrophyllia 1913) that was studied by GRAVIER (1918, 1922).
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.New Records of Sea Anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa
    Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía ISSN: 0717-3326 [email protected] Universidad de Valparaíso Chile Acuña, Fabián H.; Garese, Agustín; Excoffon, Adriana C.; Cortés, Jorge New records of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Costa Rica Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, vol. 48, núm. 1, abril, 2013, pp. 177-184 Universidad de Valparaíso Viña del Mar, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=47926382018 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía Vol. 48, Nº1: 177-184, abril 2013 Article New records of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Costa Rica Nuevos registros de anémonas de mar (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) de Costa Rica Fabián H. Acuña1,2, Agustín Garese1,2, Adriana C. Excoffon1,3 and Jorge Cortés4,5 1Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina. [email protected] 2Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) 3Deceased on 22-IV-2010 4Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Ciudad de la Investigación, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica 5Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica Resumen.- A pesar de ser componentes importantes en los sistemas marino-costeros, las anémonas de mar han sido poco estudiadas en las costas de Costa Rica.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Marine Invertebrates from the Coast of Senegal
    SHORT COMMUNICATION New records of marine invertebrates from the coast of Senegal PETER WIRTZ Wirtz, P. 2011. New records of marine invertebrates from the coast of Senegal. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences 28:7-9. Peter Wirtz (email: [email protected]), Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, PT - 8005-139 Faro, Portugal. INTRODUCTION Paralcyonium sp. A small octocoral colony, with branches retracta- During dives at the coast of Senegal, in the vicini- ble into the base of the colony, was encountered ty of NGor Island, several marine invertebrate at 29 m depth (Fig. 1a). Genetic analysis by Ca- species were observed that apparently have not therine McFadden placed it into the genus Paral- yet been recorded from this area. cyonium, very similar to P. spinulosum (Delle Chiaje, 1822). The genus Paralcyonium has not yet been recorded outside European waters. MATERIAL AND METHODS PLATHELMINTES All observations were made while SCUBA diving Pseudobiceros n. sp. in the area of NGor Island, Senegal, at the west- This is a common flatworm in the area of NGor in ern tip of the Cape Verde peninsula (14 degrees a depth range of at least 15–30 m. Animals from 45 minutes N, 17 degrees 30 minutes W), in Oc- Madeira Island were called Pseudoceros n. sp. in tober 2009. Animals were photographed in the Wirtz (1995, page 69) and Wirtz & Debelius field and in some cases collected. Specimens of (2003, page 84) but Newman and Cannon (2003, Chauvetia tenuisculpta were deposited at the page 84) identified it as genus Pseudobiceros.
    [Show full text]
  • New Geographic Distribution Records for Northeastern Atlantic Species from Peniche and Berlengas Archipelago
    SHORT COMMUNICATION New geographic distribution records for Northeastern Atlantic species from Peniche and Berlengas Archipelago NUNO VASCO RODRIGUES Rodrigues, N.V. (in press). New geographic distribution records for Northeastern Atlantic species from Peniche and Berlengas Archipelago. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences 29. Nuno V. Rodrigues (email: [email protected]), GIRM – Marine Resources Research Group, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Campus 4, Santuário Nª Sª dos Remédios, PT-2520-641 Peniche, Portugal. INTRODUCTION CNIDARIA: ACTINIARIA During SCUBA dives and intertidal surveys car- Alicia mirabilis Johnson, 1861 ried out in 2006 and 2007 at Peniche and the Ber- This species occurs in the Eastern Atlantic, from lengas Archipelago (Portugal), undertaken as part the Canary Islands (Ocaña 1994), Azores (Wirtz of a research project with the objective of pub- et al. 2003) and Madeira (Wirtz 1995) to the Por- lishing an underwater marine guide, a photo- tuguese continental coast as far north as Cascais graphic register of several species not yet re- (Wirtz & Debelius 2004). It was very recently corded for the area was produced. recorded in Senegal (Wirtz 2011). A. mirabilis is Subsequent identification and bibliographic also common in the western Mediterranean research confirmed that these records were made (Ocaña et al. 2000) and has been recorded in the beyond the previously known geographic distri- Adriatic Sea (Kruzic et al. 2002) and Aegean Sea bution boundaries for each of the species men- (Katsanevakis & Thessalou-Legaki 2007). In the tioned here. Western Atlantic, it is known from Florida and the Bahamas to Brazil (Humann 1992; Zamponi et al. 1998). MATERIAL & METHODS This species was observed in Peniche (39º21.64'N 9º25.28'W) while diving at about Most of the records were made by underwater 17m depth over rocky substrate (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Distribution of Sea Anemones in India with Special Reference to Andaman and Nicobar Islands
    RAGHUNATHAN et al.: Diversity and distribution of sea anemones......Andaman and Nicobar Islands ISSN 0375-1511269 Rec. zool. Surv. India : 114(Part-2) : 269-294, 2014 DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEA ANEMONES IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS C. RAGHUNATHAN1 R. RAGHURAMAN1 SMITANJALI CHOUDHURY1 K. VENKATARAMAN2 1Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India 2Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700053, India INTRODUCTION external fertilization followed by the development Sea anemones are brightly coloured, classifi ed of planktonic planula larva and settled down as under the phylum Cnidaria, inhabit coastal waters single polyp, and asexually by budding, binary throughout the world, but are particularly abundant fi ssion and pedal laceration. in tropical oceans. They are distributed in intertidal Though the sea anemone encompasses order to deep oceans and live attached with rocks, sea Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia and Ptychodactiaria, fl oor, shells and some forms burrow in the mud however due to wide distribution, and sheer or sand. They are radial symmetric with columnar numbers, especially in the intertidal region, body have a single body opening, mouth which the actiniarian sea anemones are received more is surrounded by tentacles. However, body shape attention for their potential uses in drugs and of the sea anemones is often related to the habitat pharmaceuticals as well as sentinel organisms in which they live. Sea anemones are solitary for ecological monitoring of estuarine and marine polyps and are considerably larger and heavier environment (Ross, 1967) and also played a role than the polyps of hydrozoans (Barnes, 1982).
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Anemones
    SEA ANEMONES SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION FAST FACTS FUN FACTS ECOLOGY & CONSERVATION BIBLIOGRAPHY MENU - A SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION COMMON NAME: sea anemones KINGDOM: Animalia PHYLUM: Cnidaria CLASS: Anthozoa ORDER: Actiniaria FAMILY: 41 families GENUS SPECIES: About 800 species RETURN TO TOP FAST FACTS DESCRIPTION: Sea anemones are a soft-bodied marine invertebrate. The body has a pedal disc that attaches to a substrate, a columnar body, and an oral surface surrounded by tentacles. Submerged animals usually have their tentacles extended; anemones exposed at low tide are often contracted and camouflaged with tiny shells and rocks for protection. Sea anemones are often brightly colored and may be white, green, blue, orange, or red. SIZE: 1.3 cm to 1.5 m (0.5 in.–5 ft.) LOCOMOTION: Sea anemones are sedentary as adults. Though they mainly remain attached to a substrate, they do have the ability to move and relocate. DIET: Fishes, crustaceans, bivalves, and plankton. Some tropical species have a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthallae, a type of algae. While the anemone provides the zooxanthallae with protection and a safe home, the zooxanthallae produce food through photosynthesis for the anemone to consume. FEEDING: A mass of tentacles surrounds the mouth of the sea anemone. The tentacles are in multiples of six. These tentacles contain numerous nematocysts that the anemone uses to paralyze its prey. The anemone grasps the paralyzed prey with its tentacles and carries the prey to its mouth. REPRODUCTION: Some anemones will reproduce asexually by pedal laceration or by dividing into two equal parts. Sea anemones may be hermaphroditic or dioecious (individuals are either male or female).
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Deep-Sea Species of Burrowing Anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon Off the Southwestern Coast of Ireland
    AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 3945, 25 pp. February 12, 2020 Two new deep-sea species of burrowing anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from Whittard Canyon off the southwestern coast of Ireland LUCIANA C. GUSMÃO,1 CHERIE QU,2, 3 SADIE L. BURKE,2,4 AND ESTEFANÍA RODRÍGUEZ1 ABSTRACT Burrowing sea anemones have a simple morphology with an elongate body and a round aboral end that anchors the animal into mud, sand, or gravel, leaving only the tentacle crown exposed. Edwardsiids are easily differentiated from other burrowing sea anemones by their dis- tinctive mesentery arrangement of eight unpaired macrocnemes at midcolumn with microcnemes restricted to the distal column at the base of the tentacles. Though edwardsiids may be frequently collected in biodiversity surveys, oceanographic expeditions, and ecological monitoring projects, their identification is particularly hampered by their small size, the need for histology, the high number of undescribed species, and the few specialists able to identify them. Scolanthus belongs to the subfamily Edwardsiinae, which is characterized by nemathybomes; it is differentiated from other members of the subfamily by having nemathybomes with basitrichs and periderm in the proximal end, at least eight microcnemes, and 16 or more tentacles in adults. The 14 valid species of Scolanthus are distributed worldwide, but only four species have been recorded from waters deeper than 100 m (S. ingolfi, 1461 m; S. nidarosiensis, 125–150 m; S. intermedius, 223 m; S. tri- angulus, 71–271 m). Here we describe Scolanthus shrimp, sp. nov., and S. celticus, sp. nov., the first two sea anemones recorded from the deep-sea Whittard Canyon off the coast of Ireland.
    [Show full text]
  • Actiniaria and Ceriantharia of the Azores (Cnidaria Anthozoa)
    Helgol Mar Res (2003) 57:114–117 DOI 10.1007/s10152-003-0146-2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Peter Wirtz · Oscar Ocaa · Tina Molodtsova Actiniaria and Ceriantharia of the Azores (Cnidaria Anthozoa) Received: 23 September 2002 / Revised: 11 March 2003 / Accepted: 14 March 2003 / Published online: 15 May 2003 Springer-Verlag and AWI 2003 Abstract The common shallow water species of sea 2000). We here present a fauna list for the Actiniaria and anemones (Actiniaria) and tube anemones (Ceriantharia) Ceriantharia of the Azores, with some zoogeographical of the Azores are listed. Eight species of sea anemones are remarks. There are no publications dealing mainly with mentioned, the species Cereus pedunculatus and Sagartia the Actiniaria of the Azores, except Riemann-Zrneck affinis being new records for the archipelago. Both (1978) on deep-sea species. No Ceriantharia have been species of Ceriantharia, namely Arachnanthus nocturnus recorded previously from the Azores. and Pachycerianthus solitarius, are recorded from the Azores for the first time. Arachnanthus nocturnus is also recorded from the Cape Verde Islands and from Madeira Methods for the first time. Observations were gathered by the first author during scuba dives at Keywords Cape Verde Islands · Madeira · Sea a depth range of 0–60 m. Anemones were photographed in the field and collected for identification. They were anaesthetized in a anemones · Tube anemones · Zoogeography MgCl2 solution and preserved in formalin. Some of the specimens are now in the private collections of the second and third authors. Introduction Results During the last 10 years, the first author has made approximately 500 scuba dives in the Azores, off the Anthozoa Actiniaria (Sea anemones) islands of Faial (more than 400 dives), Pico (about 50 dives), S¼o Miguel (about 30 dives), Terceira (10 dives), Actinia equina mediterranea Schmidt, 1971 Flores (9 dives), Corvo (3 dives) and Santa Maria (3 dives).
    [Show full text]