Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute Construction Committee - Summer Meeting Wednesday August 26, 2020 - 10:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Donny Duke, Chair Draft Agenda
1. Welcome a. Roll call. Welcome new and reappointed members (pg 2) b. Review of Anti-trust compliance policy (pg 7) c. Committee and Task Group ground rules (pg 8) d. Committee Member Self-Assessment (pg 10) 2. Minutes and Strategic Plan a. Review and approve the Annual 2020 meeting minutes (pg 11) b. Review 2019-2022 Strategic Plan and Construction Committee tactics (pg 17) c. Potential Budget Revisions (pg 19) 3. New Business a. Review of Tech Spec 25 - Construction Guidelines for Segmental Concrete Paving Slabs and Planks in Non- Vehicular Residential Applications (pg 20) b. Review of Tech Spec 20 - Construction of Bituminous-Sand Set Interlocking Concrete Pavement (pg 32) 4. Task Group Reports a. To review the research from the University of Toronto and consider changes needed to Tech Spec 23 - Maintenance Guide for Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements. Jay Krech, Chair (pg 40) b. To develop recommendations on the distribution of the RCS Exposure data including the use and distribution of the RCS Exposure Estimator. Carl Peterson, Chair (pg 52) c. Develop a draft version of an ICP maintenance Tech Spec that considers residential and commercial applications. Andrew Vear, Chair (pg 60) d. To develop recommendations for the application and limits of using geofoam base for interlocking concrete pavement systems utilizing concrete pavers and slabs (including edge restraint, drainage, joint sand, etc.). Matt Otero, Chair (pg 61) e. To develop a Construction Tolerance Guide for PICP. David Mudd, Chair (pg 63) f. To assist staff in the creation of a video to supplement the existing PICP Specialist course. David Mudd, Chair (pg 68) g. To investigate a further increase to the maximum particle size for the bituminous setting bed. Ryan Taylor, Chair (pg 69) h. To develop traffic calming details using interlocking concrete pavement. Andrew Vear, Chair (pg 70) i. Review use of open-graded aggregate for use as bedding and base materials under interlocking concrete pavements. Frank Bourque, Chair (pg 71) j. Define requirements for edge restraints used with ICP including troweled concrete edge restraints. Gary Stowe, Chair (pg 72) 5. Committee Liaison (pg 73) 6. Construction Reports a. ICPI Contractor 2020 Industry Survey/Report (pg 74) b. Safety Manual Template and Weekly Safety Meetings Outlines (pg 76) c. Update on OSHA Silica exposure regulations (pg 77) 7. Prioritization of Budget Items and Task Groups 8. Adjournment Committee documents will be accessible onsite at: https://icpi.org/summer-meeting
Construction Committee - 1 Item 1a .1
ICPI Construction Committee 2020-2021 Roster as of 6/11/2020
Donny Duke, Chair Steve Biernacki - New Director of Design Owner Engledow Estates Urban Earth Landscaping 1100 E 116th St P.O. Box 90475 Carmel, IN 46032-3418 USA Albuquerque, NM 87199-0475 USA Phone: (317) 514-6982 Phone: (505) 235-3670 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 02/28/2021 Term Ends: 04/30/2023
Andrew Vear, Vice Chair Richard Bodie Managing Director VP Commercial Sales PaverBright NV LLC Keystone Hardscapes 1975 Dickerson Rd. 3215 State Highway 360 Reno, NV 89503-4936 USA Grapevine, TX 76051-4338 USA Phone: (775) 360-0581 Phone: (817) 481-5802 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Term Term Ends: 04/30/2021 Ends: 04/30/2021
Fred Adams, Jr. Frank Bourque President President Fred Adams Paving Co., Inc. Greenmark Landscaping & Development, Inc. 118 International Dr Ste 101 1668 Frenette St. Morrisville, NC 27560-6608 USA Ottawa, ON K4A 4L2 CAN Phone: (919) 468-9101 Phone: (506) 381-0733 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2023 Term Ends: 04/30/2022
Nathan Angel Paul Cureton - New Commercial & Residential Hardscape Sales Manager National Engineer Superlite Block, an Oldcastle Company Oldcastle Architectural, Inc. 4223 W Highland Ave 17426 Fox Bend Ln. Phoenix, AZ 85019-3310 USA Lockport, IL 60441-4653 USA Phone: (602) 818-3937 Phone: (224) 762-1942 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2021 Term Ends: 04/30/2023
Bruce Basehore Frank Gandora South Western U.S. Regional Sales Manager President Techniseal, Inc. Creative Hardscape Company 2109 E Briarwood Ter 2435 S Cody Ct Phoenix, AZ 85048-8113 USA Lakewood, CO 80227-3106 USA Phone: (480) 532-5168 Phone: (720) 350-7530 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2022 Term Ends: 04/30/2021
Construction Committee - 2 Nate Gish - New Matt Moore Sales Representative Landscape Sales Manager County Materials Corporation Oberfields LLC 3019 W. Prospect Ave. PO Box 362 528 London Rd Appleton, WI 54914-8728 USA Delaware, OH 43015-0362 USA Phone: (262) 244-9838 Phone: (740) 369-7644 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2023 Term Ends: 04/30/2021
Chad Johnson David Mudd Principal Sales Engineer Structures, Inc. Midwest Block & Brick 591 Citation Dr 12901 Saint Charles Rock Rd Shakopee, MN 55379-1888 USA Bridgeton, MO 63044-2419 USA Phone: (952) 937-6257 Phone: (314) 985-0321 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2022 Term Ends: 04/30/2022
Steve Jones Nicholas Nicolia - New President Operations Manager PAVE TECH Hardscape Outfitters Nicolock Paving Stones PO Box 576 640 Muncy St Prior Lake, MN 55372-0576 USA Lindenhurst, NY 11757-4318 USA Phone: (952) 226-6400 Phone: (631) 867-5002 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2022 Term Ends: 04/30/2023
Jay Krech Matt Otero Director of Technical Support & Training COO SEK Surebond Designs by Stonescapes 3925 Stern Ave. 15707 E 109th Ave Saint Charles, IL 60174-5441 USA Commerce City, CO 80022-9810 USA Phone: (630) 940-8713 Phone: (720) 273-4526 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2021 Term Ends: 04/30/2022
Andrew Kufen - New Carl Peterson Lead Trainer Contractor/Education Support Specialist R.I. Lampus Company Nicolock Paving Stones 816 R I Lampus Ave., PO Box 167 640 Muncy St Springdale, PA 15144-0167 USA Lindenhurst, NY 11757-4318 USA Phone: (724) 994-7243 Phone: (908) 813-1725 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2023 Term Ends: 04/30/2022
Kim Miller - New Gary Stowe - Reappointed President President European Pavers Southwest, Inc. Stowe Contracting P.O. Box 21087 P.O. Box 743 Phoenix, AZ 85036-1087 USA Mavina, CA 93933 USA Phone: (602) 253-5242 Phone: (831) 884-0732 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2023 Term Ends: 04/30/2023
Construction Committee - 3 George Strzala - New Director of Manufacturing Nicolock Paving Stones 99 Stoddard Ave. North Haven, CT 06473 USA Phone: (763) 276-6154 Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2023
Charles Taylor - Reappointed Commercial Hardscape Advisor Oldcastle Architectural, Inc. 6216 Locust Hill Rd Dayton, OH 45459-1506 USA Phone: (770) 715-8901 Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2023
Ryan Taylor Owner Decorative Paving, Inc. 39 Glendale Milford Rd Loveland, OH 45140-8848 USA Phone: (800) 972-8370 Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 04/30/2021
Marshall Brown, PhD, Ex Officio President ACM Chemistries, Inc. PO Box 920430 Norcross, GA 30010-0430 USA Phone: (770) 417-3490 Email: [email protected] Term Ends: 02/28/2021
Robert Bowers, P.Eng., Staff Liaison Director of Engineering Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute P.O. Box 1150 Uxbridge, ON L9P 1N4 CAN Phone: (905) 862-0408 Email: [email protected]
Construction Committee - 4 Item 1a.2
ICPI Committee, Subcommittee and Advisory Committee Charges and Descriptions Canadian Government Relations Subcommittee The Canadian Government Relations subcommittee is responsible for identifying Canadian legislative and regulatory issues affecting the industry. Activities include, but are not limited to, promote and defend industry interests concerning Canadian government policy and legislative proposals that might impact the ICPI mission, establishing ICPI as the voice for segmental concrete pavements among Canadian legislative bodies and regulatory agencies, and promote the use of segmental concrete pavements in Canadian government agencies’ procurement policies, design guidelines and specifications.
Construction Committee The Construction Committee is responsible to improve installation practices, contracting, safety, insurance and contractor business operations. Activities include, but are not limited to, liaise with the Technical Committee in the review of constructability references within standards, guide specifications and technical publications covering the construction of segmental concrete pavements, development of construction and maintenance related Tech Specs, development of documents and specifications relating specifically to constructability and liaison with other associations regarding construction matters.
Dues and Bylaws Committee Review and oversight of the dues schedule, ICPI Bylaws, and ICPI Statement of Policy (operating policies). This Committee continuously reviews the Association's Bylaws and policies and procedures to ensure that they are designed to assist in operations and the attainment of ICPI goals. Any Association member may recommend a change in Bylaws, or policies and procedures for the consideration by the committee. Education Committee The ICPI Education Committee is responsible for the development, implementation, and evaluation of all ICPI educational programs that serve contractors, industry sales personnel, design professionals, and academia. The committee is responsible for ensuring that ICPI’s education programs support the association’s strategic plan, goals, and objectives. Emerging Leaders Subcommittee The ICPI Emerging Leaders Subcommittee is responsible for increasing young/new professionals’ involvement within ICPI. The primary function of the subcommittee is to create programming that will develop leadership skills, industry knowledge and ICPI knowledge amongst this membership segment. Government Relations Committee The Government Relations committee is responsible for developing an advocacy program to target legislative and regulatory issues. Activities include, but are not limited to, working with outside counsel to advocate, promote and defend industry interests concerning government policy and legislative proposals that might impact the ICPI mission, establishing ICPI as the voice for segmental concrete pavements among legislative bodies and regulatory agencies, and promoting the use of segmental concrete pavements in government agencies’ procurement policies, design guidelines and specifications. The committee will also make recommendations on where to spend Political Action Committee funds.
Construction Committee - 5 Marketing Committee Development of strategies and promotional programs for pavers and awareness of ICPI and its resources to users. Market promotion will be consistent with ICPI's strategic plan and the directives of the Board of Directors. The marketing committee is responsible for reviewing marketing plans, establishing key performance indicators (KPIs) and promoting awareness ICPI programs, publications, web sites and social media activities. Meetings, Membership and Trade Show Committee The Meetings, Membership and Trade Show Committee is responsible for membership development, engagement and assessment of member satisfaction. The scope of this responsibility will include the evaluation, development and communication of ICPI products, services and programs for the ongoing benefit of membership and in support of ICPI’s strategic goals. The Committee is also responsible for the evaluations and recommendations related to Trade Shows, annual and summer meeting city selections, meeting sponsorships, golf tournaments, plant tours, networking opportunities, receptions and events. Technical Committee The Technical Committee develops product and manufacturing guidelines, including best practices and QC/QA. The committee provides documents and presentations on guidelines and standards for pavement design, performance and management including life cycle cost analyses, and product category rules for environmental life cycle analyses and environmental product declarations. The committee develops technical training subject matter for industry production and sales personnel, the Commercial Technical Promotion Team and design professionals. It liaises with the Construction Committee on construction and maintenance guidelines, and related Tech Specs, guide specs and detail drawings. The Technical Committee develops and implements research and demonstration projects, and/or provides input to the ICPI Foundation Program Committee on same, as well recommending research needs and funding priorities. Committee activities include, but are not limited to, writing and editing Tech Spec bulletins, guide specifications, detail drawings, design manuals on pavement design, maintenance and management. The Committee also initiates and improves software programs, as well as develops and maintains ASTM, CSA, ASCE, AASHTO, FHWA and supports other U.S. and Canadian national/provincial/state/municipal groups and user Workforce Development Advisory Committee The Workforce Development Advisory Committee charge is to empower the industry to attract, train and retain a highly qualified workforce to meet market demand. This will be done by creating programs and resources to attract new recruits, enhance and continue to develop education tracks for all users, develop strategic alliances with national organizations and promote industry career paths. The initial focus will be on the installation workforce. The committee serves as the liaison between the Workforce Development Team and the Board of Directors.
Construction Committee - 6 Item 1b Antitrust guidelines for ICPI Meetings The antitrust laws are the rules under which our competitive economic system operates. Their primary purpose is to preserve and promote free competition. It is our policy strictly to comply in all respects with the antitrust laws. Association meetings or workshops by their very nature bring competitors together. Accordingly, it is absolutely necessary to avoid discussions of legally sensitive topics and especially important to avoid recommendations with respect to these sensitive subjects. Agreements to fix prices, allocate markets or customers, engage in product boycotts and to refuse to deal with third parties are automatically or per se illegal under the antitrust laws. It doesn't matter what the reason for the agreement. Accordingly, at any association meeting discussions of prices, including elements of prices such as allowances and credit terms, quality ratings of suppliers, and discussions which may cause a competitor to cease purchasing from a particular supplier, or selling to a particular customer, must be avoided. Also, there should be no discussion that might be interpreted as a dividing up of territories or customers. An antitrust violation does not require proof of a formal agreement. A discussion of a sensitive topic, such as prices, followed by parallel action by those involved in or present at the discussion is enough to show a price fixing conspiracy. As a result, those attending an association-sponsored meeting must remember the importance of avoiding not only unlawful activities, but even the appearance of unlawful activity. As a practical matter, violations of these rules can have serious consequences for a company and its employees. The Sherman Antitrust Act is both a civil and criminal statute. Violations are felonies punishable by penalties of up to $10 million for corporations and by imprisonment of up to three years or penalties of up to $350,000, or both, for individuals. The Justice Department, state attorney general, and any person or company injured by a violation of the antitrust laws may bring civil actions for three times the amount of the damages, plus attorneys' fees and injunctive relief. Under the Canadian Competition Act, the penalties can be even more severe, with a maximum fine of $25 million and a maximum prison term of 14 years. Antitrust investigations and litigation are lengthy, complex, disruptive and expensive. Therefore, all companies and their employees must not only comply with the antitrust laws in fact, but must conduct themselves in a manner that avoids even the slightest suspicion that the law is being violated. Associations, because they bring competitors together, are natural targets, along with members alleged to have participated with or through the association. The following is a list of topics that must never be the subject of any type of agreement among competitors, whether explicit or implicit, formal or informal. Such topics should NEVER be discussed at association meetings. This list is not exhaustive of prohibited topics or subjects. Please consult legal counsel in the event of any confusion or question over whether a topic is permissible or appropriate for discussion among association members: a. Prices to be charged to clients, customers or by suppliers; b. Specific methods by which prices are determined, with directions as to "how to do it" or even less; c. Division or allocation of markets or customers; d. Coordination of bids or requests for bids; e. Terms and conditions of sales, including credit or discount terms; f. Terms for distribution of products; g. Targets for production of products or the level of production; h. Specific profit levels; i. Exchange of price information as to specific customers; j. A boycott of or a refusal to deal with a customer or supplier; k. Compilation of “approved” lists of customers or suppliers; l. "Profit" levels...i.e., "here's what our members need to do to make money."; m. Whether a company's pricing practices are “unethical,” “improper,” etc.; n. Coordination of "bids" or "requests for bids" or requests for proposals ("RFPs"); o. Standards or codes to eliminate competition. When in doubt about discussing any topic, consult with your own legal counsel, or with association staff or its legal counsel, to be sure you are on safe antitrust ground. When unsure, play it safe and avoid the topic.
Construction Committee - 7 Item 1c Virtual Committee and Task Group Ground Rules As committee chair, kindly review the following with the committee at the start of your meeting. Please read or paraphrase aloud. 1. Committee Appointments Your participation on this committee is important! Since there are only two meetings per year, members are expected to attend both. This virtual meeting is considered an official committee meeting. If you have two unexcused absences in a row—missing two consecutive meetings—you will lose your seat on the committee. Also, please review the roster for accuracy and note when your term ends. 2. Meeting Agenda and Background Materials We recommend that you print the agenda (the first page of the documents) to use as a guide for finding items and pages in the committee materials downloaded from https://icpi.org/summer-meeting. All committee members should have downloaded and reviewed the agenda and background materials before the meeting. 3. Ambient Noise All committee members will be muted when the meeting begins. Please keep you microphone muted when you are not speaking. Please turn off or silence your cell phones and audio notifications on your computer in respect of the other committee members. If there is background noise coming from your connection, you will be muted. You should be able to unmute yourself later, if you are called upon to speak. 4. Virtual Meeting Etiquette a. When logging into the Summer Meeting app, please enter your full name for voting and participation purposes. b. Committee members (Panelists) must use the Socio app on a computer (Windows or Mac) when accessing the meeting to see presented materials and for voting. If you join the meeting only by phone you will be unable to vote or raise your hand to be recognized. c. At the beginning of the meeting click the “Participants” button on the Zoom controls. This will open the Participants list. This gives committee members access to the “Raise Hand” button. d. During discussions, if you would like to speak, press the “Raise Hand” button to be recognized. Staff will indicate who can speak and who’s next. e. When called upon to speak, press the “Unmute” button and speak. Press the Mute button when finished speaking. Alternately, if you are muted, make sure the Zoom window is the active window, then you can press and hold the space bar to temporarily unmute your microphone while you speak. f. If you have read this far, you can earn 200 Bonus participation points by entering GROUNDRULES in the Member Challenge section of the Socio App. g. As a committee member, please share your video feed so everyone can see you. If you are experiencing poor audio quality, you can try to improve it by turning off the video. h. If you are having audio quality issues and choose to access the audio portion of the meeting, please turn off your computer speaker and microphone. i. Gallery (Attendees) can use a phone or desktop app to access the meeting. They won’t have the ability to directly speak to the Chair or other committee members. Instead they will use the “Q&A” function to communicate with the committee. 5. Additional agenda items and handouts To start each meeting, we ask committee members for additions to the agenda. If you have additional documents for the committee to review, please provide them to staff at least 24 hours before the meeting so they can be distributed. 6. Committee Ground Rules a. ICPI conducts committee meetings in general accordance with Roberts Rules of Order. The core notion of these rules is discussing and acting on one subject at a time. b. Meetings are structured to allow for open discussion of the issues and all members are welcome to bring issues before the committee. c. Meetings are conducted according to the ICPI Bylaws and Statement of Policy. Please comply with the Anti-Trust Statement. d. The Chair recognizes committee members first and then members in the gallery. Members in the galley who would like to share their comments with the committee, must communicate them using the Q&A function. Staff will share these comments with the rest of the committee as time permits. Construction Committee - 8 e. Chairs of other ICPI committees should share their comments if items being discussed are related to their committee’s activities. f. All comments must be constructive in nature. If a member does not approve of the program or service under discussion, they should only provide constructive comments to improve the program or service or provide an alternative solution that may achieve the committee’s objective. g. Committee motions will be displayed to be sure they are accurately stated. Speak slowly when making motions to assist staff recording them in the minutes. h. Silence means you approve of the committee’s discussion and direction. i. If you are unfamiliar with Robert’s Rules of Order check out this short video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSAN-_OKKNk 7. Voting Voting for motions will use the “Raise Hand” button at the bottom of the participant list. When a motion is called to a vote, a. Staff will ask, “For the motion”. If you are in favor of a motion, click the “Raise Hand” button now. Staff will wait 10 seconds, record the count and then lower all hands. b. Staff will ask, “Against the motion”. If you are not favor of a motion, click the “Raise Hand” button now. Staff will wait 10 seconds, record the count and then lower all hands. c. Staff will ask, “Abstain from the motion”. If you want to abstain from the motion, click the “Raise Hand” button now. Staff will wait 10 seconds, record the count and then lower all hands. d. Staff will read the recorded vote after voting is concluded. 8. Committee Member Assessment Please assess your preparation and participation at the end of the meeting. Please review and complete the assessment form found in the packet. Thank you for serving on this committee! 9. Task Group Ground Rules i) Composition (1) Committee Chairs appoint the Task Group Chair and members; (2) Consists of a maximum of five (5) members, one being Chair; (3) Task Group Chair must be a member of the respective committee from which the task is initiated; (4) Task Group membership can include committee members and other voting and non-voting members. ii) Duties (1) Task Groups provide all respective committee members with written reports prior to the Summer Meeting and/or the Annual Meeting. iii) Meeting Attendance The Chair of a Task Group can also invite other individuals to the meetings they chair for additional input.
Construction Committee - 9
Item 1d Committee Member Self-Assessment Form We ask that all members of the committee conduct a self-assessment of your preparation and participation on the committee. Please check your response from the options below.
Preparation Yes No Not Sure 1. Do I understand and support the vision and mission of ICPI? 2. Have I reviewed the ICPI 2016-19 Strategic Plan? 3. Am I aware of the strategic plan tactics for our committee? 4. Did I review the agenda and background materials prior to attending the meeting?
Participation Yes No Not Sure 1. Did I actively participate in the committee meeting? 2. Did I volunteer to serve on a task group? 3. Are there other ways I can support the work of the committee? 4. Do I have any suggestions that could improve the committee programs or services?
Thank you for your service to help our industry be the best!
Construction Committee - 10 Item 2a Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute Construction Committee - Annual Meeting Tuesday February 18, 2020 - Salt Lake City, Utah Donny Duke, Chair Draft Minutes
Members Present Donny Duke, Chair Engledow Estates Fred Adams, Jr. Fred Adams Paving Co., Inc. Nathan Angel Superlite Block, an Oldcastle Company Bruce Basehore Techniseal Richard Bodie Keystone Hardscapes Frank Gandora Creative Hardscape Company Chad Johnson Structures, Inc. Jay Krech SEK Surebond David Mudd Midwest Block & Brick Matt Otero Designs by Stonescapes Carl Peterson Nicolock Paving Stones Jennifer Schaff County Materials Corporation Gary Stowe Stowe Contracting Ryan Taylor Decorative Paving, Inc.
Members Absent Andrew Vear, Vice Chair PaverBright NV LLC Frank Bourque Greenmark Landscaping & Development, Inc. Steve Jones PAVE TECH Hardscape Outfitters Paul Lukert GEM StoneScapes, LLC Matt Moore Oberfields LLC Charles Taylor Oldcastle Architectural, Inc.
Staff Robert Bowers, P.Eng., Staff Liaison Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute David Smith Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute Bryan Horr, P.E. Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute
1. Welcome a. Roll call. Review committee members with expiring committee terms and approved absences The Chair called the meeting to order at 2:00 p.m. The roll call was performed, and a quorum was established. Members whose terms are expiring after this meeting were recognized for their service and encouraged to reapply for a seat on the committee. b. Review of Anti-trust compliance policy The Chair reminded everyone to abide by the Anti-Trust policy included in the meeting materials. c. Committee and Task Group ground rules The Chair reminded everyone of the committee ground rules and noted that we strive to follow Robert’s Rules of Order. d. Committee Member Self-Assessment The Chair noted the personal self-assessment form include in their committee documents and ask everyone to evaluate their participation in the committee meeting.
2. Minutes and Strategic Plan a. Review and approval of the Annual 2019 meeting minutes MOTION: Fred Adams moved and Jay Krech seconded to approve the minutes of the August 28, 2019 Construction Committee meeting. Construction Committee - 11 VOTE: 13 FOR 0 AGAINST 0 ABSTAINED THE MOTION CARRIED b. Review 2019-2022 Strategic Plan Construction Committee tactics Staff reviewed the new strategic plan and noted the items the Construction Committee was the lead committee on and the items they were supporting. It was discussed how the construction committee would measure success on the tactics. The need to change the metrics for the measuring success from a feasibility standpoint to an assigned value that can be measured. Currently the Construction Committee is looking at several new installation practices as part of the lead role on 2a.5. 1. Open-graded bases and bedding under interlocking concrete pavement with sand filled joints 2. Use of geofoam as a dense graded base substitute. 3. Increasing the gradation range for bituminous bedding sand material. 4. Defining a performance criterion for edge restraints when used in different applications. 5. Reviewing Construction tolerances guide to determine when maintenance is required. 6. Developing a Tech Spec for the Maintenance of Interlocking Concrete Pavement
MOTION: Gary Stowe moved and Matt Otero seconded to modify the 2019-22 Strategic Plan tactics targets for 2a.5 Research installation and maintenance efficiency methods and include in ICPI materials. Targets would be three for FY 20, two for FY 21, two for FY 22. VOTE: 13 FOR 0 AGAINST 0 ABSTAINED THE MOTION CARRIED Post-meeting note: The ICPI Board of Directors approved the motion at their Annual Meeting on February 20, 2020. c. Member Needs Assessment Staff reviewed the member needs assessment of the technical materials available from ICPI. The Safety Manual Template and the Safety Meeting outlines ranked lower than the committee liked. This lead to the request that more promotional effort be made related to these programs.
3. New Business a. Review of Tech Spec 2: Construction of Interlocking Concrete Pavements Staff reviewed the proposed changes to the Tech Spec. Pictures were changed from a 10 ton roller to a walk behind compactor, provided gradation for joint and bedding sand, added a comment about silica, changed the word from sweeping to place or spreading of sand, language on lippage was added and reference to the construction tolerance guide, ASTM and CSA was added and updated. The committee asked that on Page 26 the test for moisture using the hand squeeze method was cross referenced to the CPI Manual.
MOTION: Frank Gandora moved and David Mudd seconded approval of changes to Tech Spec 2 on Construction of Interlocking Concrete Pavements with the addition of a reference on compaction. VOTE: 13 FOR 0 AGAINST 0 ABSTAINED THE MOTION CARRIED Post-meeting note: The ICPI Board of Directors approved the motion at their Annual Meeting on February 20, 2020. b. Review of Tech Spec 19: Design, Construction and Maintenance of Interlocking Concrete Pavement Crosswalks Staff presented the proposed changes to Tech Spec 19. It was mentioned there were not a lot of changes. A couple drawings updated. Figure 8 will include an aluminum edge restraint as tested in the research. Figure 9 will include a callout for the neoprene adhesive and the references have been simplified.
MOTION: Bruce Bayshore moved and Carl Peterson seconded approval of updating drawing cross sections in Tech Spec 19 on Design, Construction and Maintenance of Interlocking Concrete Pavement Crosswalks. VOTE: 13 FOR 0 AGAINST 0 ABSTAINED THE MOTION CARRIED Post-meeting note: The ICPI Board of Directors approved the motion at their Annual Meeting on February 20, 2020. c. Review of Tech Spec 23: Maintenance Guide for Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements Staff presented the proposed changes to Tech Spec 23. The FHWA link was updated and common language was added when it comes to winter sand as requested by the Technical committee. Changed image of the street sweeper
Construction Committee - 12 to show what was tested in the recent research from University of Toronto. The picture of a Cyclone unit was replaced, because they are not responsive to our industry requests, and replaced them with a picture of Badger hydro-vac equipment and Typhoon equipment. It was also requested by the Committee to remove the word Remedial from the title on page 11. It was also requested by committee to add references to this tech spec. Staff requested that a task group be formed to review the entire document, possibly rewriting portions of it, in light of the research from the University of Toronto.
MOTION: Richard Bodie moved and Matt Otero seconded approval of editorial changes to Tech Spec 23 - Maintenance Guide for Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements. VOTE: 13 FOR 0 AGAINST 0 ABSTAINED THE MOTION CARRIED Post-meeting note: The ICPI Board of Directors approved the motion at their Annual Meeting on February 20, 2020.
TASK GROUP – To review the research from the University of Toronto and consider changes needed to Tech Spec 23 - Maintenance Guide for Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements. Volunteers: Fred Adams, Matt Otero, Ryan Taylor, Kevin Early d. Segmental Pavement Construction RCS Estimator Staff discussed completion of the Respirable Crystalline Silica research in which Fred Adams and his crews built two 30’ x 30’ pads in order to monitor workers exposure to RCS during different tasks required for the installation of interlocking concrete pavements. Staff has received final updates and reviewed it with the committee. Discussed how staff then took that information to create a Excel based tool to estimate a workers exposure to RCS.
The committee had a long discussion on the benefits and dangers of allowing others to utilize this powerful tool. Many members mentioned multiple disclaimers all over the calculator to protect ICPI from litigation. It was mentioned that it was not a good idea to label specific tools such as IQ saw. Another negative that was brought up was that the results of each of these tests would differ not only by tools but by the region that the work was being conducted in.
One concept suggested turning it into a Tech Spec. Give the majority of contractors an example, not the tool where they enter in the numbers themselves.
The committee also noted the testing indicated one of the activities described in OSHA’s Table 1 exceeded the actionable limit. Tasks included in Table 1 indicate that wet cutting of concrete pavers is below the actionable limit, while the testing indicates it is over the permissible exposure limit. It was asked if anyone in the committee knew how OSHA came up with their data. The committee had no response.
A comment from the gallery asked if this data could be shared with producers. The committee also encouraged staff to discuss this with legal counsel.
TASK GROUP – To develop recommendations on the distribution of the RCS Exposure data including the use and distribution of the RCS Exposure Estimator. Volunteers: Carl Peterson, Chad Johnson, Ryan Taylor, Nino Nicolia e. Attracting voting contractor members and encouraging participation Staff informed the committee that a task group to look at this issue has been formed under the Meetings, Membership and Tradeshows Committee. This task group has not been able to meet, but there has been a discussion to combine this task group with the task group having a similar charge but related to dealers. Committee member said this didn’t make sense since the drivers for each group will be completely different. f. Developing concrete paver installation into a trade Staff noted that the Education Committee will be requesting fund to conduct a Job Task Analysis for installation of concrete pavers. If funding Is approved, the Education Committee will be contacting contractor members to participate in a focus group shortly after the meeting. Committee members noted this effort is essential. G. Technical Committee Activities Staff reviewed the memo from the Technical Committee on activates related to Construction Committee. This
Construction Committee - 13 included an update on the task group working to develop ASTM test methods & acceptance criteria for stabilized jointing sand, field validation of FEM modeling of planks and slabs and updates to Tech Spec 4 Structural Design of Interlocking Concrete Pavements, Tech Spec 7 - Repair of Utility Cuts Using Interlocking Concrete Pavers, Tech Spec 8 Concrete Grid Pavements, Tech Spec 13 Slip and Skid Resistance of Interlocking Concrete Pavements, and Tech Spec 16 Achieving LEED Credits with Segmental Concrete Pavement.
4. Task Group Reports a. To investigate alternatives to the recommended bituminous bedding material. Ryan Taylor, Chair Ryan Taylor reported on the task groups activities. Staff discussed how the task group discussed increasing the maximum particle size to 3/8” and putting that into a 3/4” layer is too thin, so language was added to the Tech Spec 20 to allow for thicker bedding layers when 3/8” aggregate is used. The committee discussed going larger than 3/8” maybe 3/4” because finding a bituminous bedding mix with a maximum particle size of 3/8” aggregate is limited in certain areas and asphalt plants don’t always have 3/8” mix available. It was decided that since the task group already came together to increase the aggregate size to 3/8” and trying to increase it to 3/4” would open up a “can of worms”.
MOTION: Fred Adams moved and Richard Bodie seconded approval of change on bedding materials to Tech Spec 20 on Construction of Bituminous-Sand Set Interlocking Concrete Pavement. VOTE: 14 FOR 0 AGAINST 0 ABSTAINED THE MOTION CARRIED Post-meeting note: The ICPI Board of Directors approved the motion at their Annual Meeting on February 20, 2020.
TASK GROUP – To investigate a further increase to the maximum particle size for the bituminous setting bed. Volunteers: Chad Johnson, Ryan Taylor, Fred Adams
The Chair thank the task group members for their effort and disbanded the task group. b. To review the Construction Tolerances Guide with specific attention to tolerances for joint sand depth, base over-dig distance and minimum cut size for pavers. Frank Gandora, Chair. Frank Gandora reviewed the task group recommendations. This included updates for the depth tolerances of the bedding sand, base extension and measurement and further editorial notes. Robert Bowers displayed a graph demonstrating the distance outside the edge restrain the base should be laid vs the depth of base material. A comment from the gallery recommended updating the reference to ASCE 58-10 to ASCE 58-16. The committee also requested these changes be included in all ICPI documents.
MOTION: Frank Gandora moved and Carl Peterson seconded approval of changes to the ICPI Construction Tolerances Guide including joint sand depth tolerance, minimum base thicknesses requirements, and to include this document in the Concrete Paver Installer Course and Boot Camp student manuals. VOTE: 13 FOR 0 AGAINST 0 ABSTAINED THE MOTION CARRIED Post-meeting note: The ICPI Board of Directors approved the motion at their Annual Meeting on February 20, 2020.
The task group also recommended that a Construction Tolerance Guide be developed for PICP.
TASK GROUP – To develop a Construction Tolerance Guide for PICP. Volunteers: Matt Otero, Fred Adams, David Mudd, Gary Stowe
The Chair thank the task group members for their effort and disbanded the task group. c. Define requirements for edge restraints used with ICP including troweled concrete edge restraints. Gary Stowe, Chair Gary Stowe reported for the task group. He told the committee that the task group was looking for a pass-fail test, but it was difficult to even figure out where to start with all the variables, infinite varieties and future possibilities. The task group eventually agreed to conduct a simplified lateral load test in which 11 different edge restraints would be tested. Each system will be evaluated for load-deflection and correlated to existing guidance provided in Tech
Construction Committee - 14 Spec 3..The committee discussed requesting $25,000 from the Board as a place holder until responses to the RFP are received.
MOTION: Richard Bodie moved and Carl Peterson seconded requesting $25,000 to conduct structural testing of various edge restraint assemblies to better characterize appropriate applications in ICPI Tech Spec 3 on Edge Restraints for Interlocking Concrete Pavements. VOTE: 13 FOR 0 AGAINST 0 ABSTAINED THE MOTION CARRIED Post-meeting note: The ICPI Board of Directors approved the motion at their Annual Meeting on February 20, 2020. d. To develop recommendations for the application and limits of using geofoam base for interlocking concrete pavement systems utilizing concrete pavers and slabs (including edge restraint, drainage, joint sand, etc.). Matt Otero, Chair Matt Otero reported the task group members have conducted some installations to gain experience with the materials. There have been email discussions between the members on their experience but they all agreed more time is needed. Discussion about whether geofoam manufactures have provided sufficient data was raised by the committee and staff. e. Develop a draft version of an ICP maintenance Tech Spec that considers residential and commercial applications. Robert Bowers Staff is continuing to work on this project. f. To develop traffic calming details using interlocking concrete pavement. Robert Bowers Staff is continuing to work on this project. g. To assist staff in the creation of a video to supplement the existing PICP Specialist course. David Mudd reported the script has been completed and the voice over recorded. The production company has forwarded the first segment which was played prior to the meeting. As additional segments are completed, they will be posted on YouTube and made available to the task group to review. h. Review use of open-graded aggregate as bedding and base materials under interlocking concrete pavements. Robert Bowers Staff reviewed the RFP for this project. He told the committee that everyone has their own recipe on how to layer the open-graded aggregate system they have proposed multiple cross sections. The committee mentioned that everyone is discussing freeze-thaw issues on dense-graded aggregate base with a sand setting bed, so we need to conduct this project in an area that has a freeze-thaw climate.
The Chair mentioned that the Executive Committee had asked during their meeting, why are we going to spend money on something we know will fail? The response is that 1) we want to try to make sure we are answering the call to properly vet out all installation. Several contractors are report success. and 2) the Construction Committee is charged to investigate more efficient installation methods.
The committee had a long discussion about this but decided to reduce the number of testing cross-sections down to the three most logical or which have the best chance to survive.
MOTION: Gary Stowe moved and Richard Bodie seconded for ICPI to state that recommendations in Tech Specs regarding construction on dense-graded bases are accurate and backed up by research and experience. ICPI will investigate pros and cons of construction using open-graded bases under interlocking concrete pavements, and concerns to be researched and tested. VOTE: 12 FOR 0 AGAINST 2 ABSTAINED THE MOTION CARRIED Post-meeting note: The ICPI Board of Directors approved the motion at their Annual Meeting on February 20, 2020.
The committee continued discussion on what ICPI’s current stance should be on the subject. After a long discussion
MOTION: Gary Stowe moved and Richard Bodie seconded for ICPI to continue recommending the best practices specified in the Tech Specs regarding construction on dense-graded bases are accurate and backed up by research and experience. ICPI will investigate pros and cons of construction using open-graded bases under interlocking concrete pavements, with concerns to be researched and tested.
Construction Committee - 15 VOTE: 12 FOR 0 AGAINST 2 ABSTAINED THE MOTION CARRIED Post-meeting note: The ICPI Board of Directors approved the motion at their Annual Meeting on February 20, 2020.
5. Construction Reports a. ICPI Contractor 2020 Industry Survey/Report Staff reported on the ICPI Contractor 2020 Contractor Business Survey was completed at the end of January with 1919 companies responding. When the report is finalized it will be available for purchase online and a digital version will be emailed to each responding contractor. b. Safety Manual Template Staff reported on the Safety Manual Template is being used by 180 member companies. The committee noted these number may represent a small percentage of the entire contractor membership, but as the leader in this industry we need to still provide this service. This program is included in the ICPI budget and will continue. The Construction Committee requested that Marketing help promote the program. c. Weekly Safety Meetings Outlines Staff reviewed the current status of the program. With the reorganization of the website, additional measures will be put into place to see how many members are using the resours. d. Contractor Webinar Series Staff provided brief review of the webinars provided this year. It was mentioned there was a misunderstanding of the target audience for the contractor webinar series. Instead of business related topics, next year the program will be promoted as the installer webinar series and target to certified installer looking to earn continuing education hours to maintain their Certified Concrete Paver installer status. e. Update on OSHA Silica exposure regulations Staff noted that a letter went out to OSHA after Christmas asking them to clarify if sweeping as a construction activity is permitted unlike sweeping during a housekeeping activity. Currently the regulation, under the housekeeping section, says dry sweeping is a prohibited activity. f. Workforce Development Program. Fred Adams, Chair Fred Adams encourage members of the Construction Committee to attend the Education meeting to learn more about the Workforce Development Advisory Committee’s latest activities including training and promotion.
Fred Adams also shared with the committee a letter he received about Crime Prevention Through Environment Design (CPTED) and encouraged staff to investigate the program further and report back to the committee..
6. Prioritization of Budget Items There were two requests for funding from the Construction Committee: MOTION: Carl Peterson moved and Richard Bodie seconded the following ranking of Construction Committee funding priorities: 1. $25,000 for open-graded base research 2. $25,000 for edge restraint testing VOTE: 12 FOR 1 AGAINST 0 ABSTAINED THE MOTION CARRIED
7. Adjournment The meeting was adjourned at 5:06 p.m.
Respectfully Submitted, Donny Duke, CCPI-RS ICPI Construction Committee Chair
Construction Committee - 16 Item 2b.1 ICPI 2019-2022 Strategic Plan
VISION
ICPI is the authority for segmental concrete pavement systems, which are universally recognized as the best value for pavement. MISSION To deliver education and technical guidance leading to awareness, acceptance and use of segmental concrete pavement systems in the United States and Canada. GOALS #1 INDUSTRY GROWTH #2 INDUSTRY #3 ICPI STRENGTH #4 WORKFORCE EXPERTISE DEVELOPMENT Increase understanding, Grow ICPI membership awareness and adoption of Deliver education and industry through increased awareness Empower the industry to segmental concrete pavement best practices as the recognized of benefits, participation attract, train and retain a highly as the preferred pavement authority on segmental concrete in programs and perceived qualified workforce to meet system. pavement systems. membership value. market demand.
OBJECTIVES
n Increase understanding n Increase confidence and/ n Develop membership n Create program and resources among organizations that or use by promoting lower recruitment & retention to attract new recruits into the design, teach and use maintenance and life cycle programs industry
pavement systems costs n Enhance the communication n Enhance and continue to n Establish credibility to n Increase awareness of ICPI of value provided by ICPI develop education tracks for
demonstrate performance and its resources among n Evaluate the effectiveness all users and value of ownership educational institutions and efficiency of ICPI n Develop strategic alliances n Gain adoption within n Promote the value of industry programs to maximize with national organizations
transportation agencies and certification member engagement and n Promote industry career paths municipalities perceived value
n Increase non-dues revenue sources
INITIATIVES
n Regional Collaboration: Create regional events that provide relevant and accessible programs to members. n Installation Efficiency: Develop a program that enables producers and contractors to work more efficiently. n Membership Value: Support Producer members through personalized member service. n Educational Institution Outreach Program: Promote segmental concrete pavement systems to the next generation. DESIRED OUTCOMES
n Increased awareness of ICPI, its education programs and technical resources n Greater recognition that segmental concrete pavement systems are a sustainable and highly credible pavement n Greater adoption of segmental concrete pavement systems among municipalities and the design community n An effective and financially viable ICPI n An expanded, highly qualified workforce with defined career paths VALUES Quality, Excellence, Technical Leadership, Integrity, Sustainability
Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute 14801 Murdock Street, Suite 230, Chantilly,Construction VA 20151 Committee • P.O. Box - 17 1150, Uxbridge ON L9P 1R2, CANADA Tel: (703) 657-6900 • Fax: (703) 657-6901 • E-mail: [email protected] • Web: www.icpi.org 0219 Item 2b.2 ICPI 2019-22 Strategic Plan
Baseline Goals, Objectives and Tactics Comm. Metric Actual FY20 Target FY20 Target FY21 Target FY22 FY19 1. Industry Growth: Increase understanding, awareness, and adoption of segmental concrete pavement as the preferred pavement system. Objective 1a: Increase understanding among organizations that design, teach and use pavement systems. Objective 1b: Establish credibility to demonstrate performance and value of ownership. Objective 1c: Gain adoption within transportation agencies and municipalities. 2. Industry Expertise: Deliver education and industry best practices as the recognized authority on segmental concrete pavement systems. Objective 2a: Increase confidence and/or use by promoting lower maintenance and life cycle costs. 2a.5 Research installation & maintenance efficiency methods and include in CC/FDN Feasibility Feasibility ICPI materials Objective 2b: Increase awareness of ICPI and its resources among educational institutions. Objective 2c: Promote the value of industry certification. 2c.2 Incorporate certification and designations in ICPI technical literature TC/CC 6 Tech Specs - 9 Tech Specs - # of documents All Guide All Guide Specs Specs 2c.3 Develop marketing materials (videos, digital handouts, and socials media MC/CC Propose New posts) for contractors and dealers that promotes certification to end users # companies using 100 Metric - 150 200 250 materials Summer 2020
3. ICPI Strength: Grow ICPI membership through increased awareness of benefits, participation in programs, and perceived membership value. Objective 3a: Develop membership recruitment and retention programs. Objective 3b: Enhance the communication of value provided by ICPI. Objective 3c: Evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of ICPI programs to maximize member engagement and perceived value. Objective 3d: Increase non-dues revenue. 4. Workforce Development: Empower the industry to attract, train, and retain a highly qualified workforce to meet market demand. Objective 4a: Create programs and resources to attract new recruits into the industry. Objective 4b: Enhance and continue to develop education tracks for all users. 4b.1 Develop and launch Residential Professional (CCPI-RP) course on LMS. ED/CC # of participants 0 Launched Launched 25 50 4b.2 Develop and launch Commercial Professional (CCPI-CP) course on LMS. ED/CC # of participants 0 Launched Launched 10 20
Objective 4c: Develop strategic alliances with national organizations. Objective 4d: Promote industry career paths. Updated 8.4.20
Construction Committee - 18 Item 2c
MEMO
To: ICPI Construction Committee Members
From: Robert Bowers, P. Eng., ICPI Construction Committee Staff Liaison
Date: August 6, 2020
Subject: Potential Budget Revisions
I am sure you have already heard the ICPI Board of Directors has voted to postpone Hardscape North America until October 2021. Last week GIE+EXPO also voted to postpone their show until 2021. This coupled with the cancellation of a large number of contractor courses has significantly reduced anticipated revenue for the July 2020 to June 2021 fiscal year (FY21). We estimate the reduction in revenue to be approximately $1.8 million. Although ICPI does have reserves to help bridge lean years, the magnitude of this shortfall will require the Board to scrutinize all programs and services while continuing to provide value to our members.
The ICPI Board of Directors will be reviewing all approved expenses for FY21 and reconsidering each of them at their meeting on August 26th.
This includes funding for three Construction Committee projects that had previously been approved by the ICPI Board. Although these projects support ICPI’s mission and strategic plan for the continued growth and improvement of the segmental pavement industry, it may not be prudent to move forward with the expense at this time.
Below is a list of the projects that may be affected.
1. Open-graded Base with Standard Sand Jointed Pavers Research $41,000 2. Edge Restraint Research $25,000
If funding is withdrawn, task groups should continue to work internally on their tasks. This has been discussed with the task group chairs, and they agree with this direction. You will receive an update on the ICPI Board’s decision following their meeting on August 26th.
Construction Committee - 19 Item 3a
Tech Spec 25
Construction Guidelines for Segmental Concrete Paving Slabs and Planks in Pedestrian Applications
This Tech Spec provides installation guidelines for prod- strength of 725 (5 MPa) with no individual unit less than ucts defined in ASTM C1782 Standard Specification for 650 psi (4.5 MPa). Units must meet dimensional tolerances Utility Segmental Concrete Paving Slabs and CSA A231.1 for length, width, thickness and warpage, as well as a Precast Concrete Paving Slabs. While there are no ASTM and freeze-thaw durability requirements. CSA product standards yet for for concrete planks (also Planks—While there are no product standards for called linear units), this techical bulletin covers minimum planks, they are generally defined as follows: recommended product characteristics, as well as best • Face area less than or equal to 288 in.2 (0.185 m2) practices for at-grade construction. As further research • Length divided by thickness equal to or greater into the structural design for paving slab and plank pave- than 4 ment systems is completed the recommendations in this • Length divided by width equal to or greater than 4 Tech Spec will be updated. Roof applications for paving • Minimum thickness = 2.375 in. (60 mm) slabs are covered in ICPI Tech Spec 14–Segmental Concrete • Minimum length = 11.75 in. (298 mm) Paving Units for Roof Decks. • Maximum length = 48 in. (1220 mm) Product Characteristics • Minimum width = 3 in. (75 mm) Paving slabs—ASTM C1782 defines slabs as having an • Maximum width = 6 in. (153 mm) exposed face area greater than 101 in.2 (0.065 m2) and Dimensional tolerances are provided in Table 1 under a length divided by thickness (aspect ratio) greater than the Construction Guidelines section. four. The minimum thickness is 1.2 in. (30 mm), and Flexural strength for planks can be determined using maximum length and width dimensions are 48 in. (1220 bending test apparatus like that in ASTM C1782 or CSA mm). Units require a minimum flexural strength of 725 A231.1. At the time of delivery to the job site, the recom- psi (5 MPa) with no individual unit less than 650 psi mended minimum average flexural strength is 725 psi (4.5 MPa). Units must meet dimensional tolerances for (5 MPa) with no individual unit below 650 psi (4.5 MPa). length, width, thickness and warpage, as well as a freeze- Freeze-thaw durability can be tested using methods refer- thaw durability requirements. Tighter tolerances for many enced in ASTM C1782 or CSA A231.1. sand-set and bitumen-set applications are noted in Table 1 in the section on Construction Guidelines. Loading Limits Of Interlocking In Canada, CSA A231.1 Precast Concrete Paving Slabs Concrete Pavements Compared defines the dimensional envelope with a face area greater To Paving Slabs and Planks than 139.5 in.2 (0.09 m2) and a length divided by thickness Paving slabs and planks are designed to be subject to of greater than four. The minimum thickness is 1.2 in. (30 much lower vehicular traffic than interlocking concrete mm), and the maximum length and width dimensions are pavers (or simply concrete pavers). Structural design 39.3 in. (1000 mm). Units must have a minimum flexural guidance being developed by ICPI notes a maximum
© 2017 ICPI Tech Spec No. 25 • Interlocking Concrete PavementConstruction Institute Committee • All rights - 20 reserved. Revised August 2018 lifetime exposure of 75,000 18,000 lb (80 kN) equivalent ified in ASTM D698 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory single axle loads (ESALs). In contrast, ICPI Tech Spec 4– Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort Structural Design of Interlocking Concrete Pavements and (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)). Separation geotextile is ASCE 58-16 Structural Design of Interlocking Concrete recommended to be placed on the compacted soil sub- Pavement for Municipal Streets and Roadways provides base grade and sides of the excavation. A 12 in. (300 mm) strip and subbase thickness design tables for lifetime ESALs up of geotextile can be used under the bedding sand and to 10 million. The ICPI and ASCE structural design methods turned up at the edge restraint to prevent bedding sand are not applicable to paving slabs and planks. loss. The separation fabric should be selected per AASHTO Paving slabs and planks can be produced using dry M-288 Geotextile Specification for Highway Applications. cast, wet cast, hydraulically pressed manufacturing pro- Aggregate bases—These should conform to provin- cesses. For applications on aggregate bases, the units gen- cial, state, or local road agency specifications for bases erally will be installed according to subgrade, base, bed- used under asphalt. If there are no agency specifica- ding sand materials and construction methods described tions, use ASTM D2940 Standard Specification for Graded in ICPI Tech Spec 2–Construction of Interlocking Concrete Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for Highways or Pavements. Applications on compacted aggregate bases Airports for aggregate materials. Installed base surface and bedding sand are for pedestrian or light automobile tolerances should be ± 1/4 in. (6 mm) over a 10 ft (3 m) traffic with limited trucks. For additional vehicular traf- straightedge. This tolerance is tighter than the ± 3/8 in. (10 fic loads, slabs and planks should generally be installed mm) over a 10 ft (3 m) straightedge for interlocking con- on bedding sand over a concrete or asphalt base. For crete pavements. The reason for the tighter base surface additional durability under vehicular traffic, paving slabs tolerance for slabs is to provide a more uniform support can be construced on a concrete base using the methods and help prevent vertical movement due to lack of inter- in ICPI Tech Spec 20–Construction of Bituminous-Sand Set lock among the paving units. Bases should slope a mini- Interlocking Concrete Pavement. mum of 1.5% for drainage. The installed density should be at least 98% of standard Proctor density per ASTM Construction Guidelines for D698. Figure 1 illustrates a typical cross section using an Paving Slabs and Planks aggregate base. Subgrade compaction and geotextiles—Per recommen- Asphalt bases—These should conform to provincial, dations in Tech Spec 2, the soil subgrade should be com- state or local road agency specfications. Asphalt bases can pacted to at least 98% of standard Proctor density as spec-
CONCRETE CURB
PAVING SLABS
1" (25 MM) BEDDING SAND
GEOTEXTILE 1 ft. (300 MM) WIDE- TURN UP ANT ENDS
COMPACTED SOIL SUBGRADE
COMPACTED AGGREGATE BASE- Figure 1. Typical paving slab assembly using an aggregate base
Construction Committee - 21 ICPI Tech Spec 25 Page 2 PAVING SLABS W/ SAND FILLED JOINTS
GEOTEXTILE 16" (40 CM) SQUARE, CENTERED OVER DRAIN HOLES
1" (25 MM) BEDDING SAND
ASPHALT PAVEMENT BASE - 4" (100 MM) THICK MIN.
COMPACTED AGGREGATE SUBBASE
COMPACTED SOIL SUBGRADE
DRAIN HOLE(S) 2" (50 MM) DIA. LOCATE AT LOWEST POINTS & FILL W/ 3/8" OPEN GRADED AGGREGATE.
Figure 2. A typical cross section with an asphalt base and sand-set paving slabs
PAVING SLABS W/ SAND FILLED JOINTS
NEOPRENE ADHESIVE ON 3/4" (20 MM) THICK BITUMINOUS SAND BED ON ASPHALTIC TACK COAT
ASPHALT PAVEMENT BASE - 4" (100 MM) THICK MIN.
COMPACTED AGGREGATE SUBBASE
COMPACTED SOIL SUBGRADE
DRAIN HOLE(S) 2" (50 MM) DIA. LOCATE AT LOWEST POINTS & FILL W/ 3/8" OPEN GRADED AGGREGATE.
Figure 3. A typical cross section with an asphalt base and bitumen-set paving slabs accommodate sand and bitumen-sand bedding materials. Figures 2 and 3 illustrate sand-set and bitumen-set As noted for aggregate bases, the installed surface toler- paving slab applications on an asphalt base. ance should be ± 1/4 in. (6 mm) over a 10 ft (3 m) straight- Concrete bases—These should be made with mini- edge. Bases should slope a minimum of 1.5% for drainage. mum 3,000 psi (20 MPa) concrete per ASTM C39 Standard
Construction Committee - 22 ICPI Tech Spec 25 Page 3 PAVING SLABS W/ SAND FILLED JOINTS
GEOTEXTILE 16" (40 CM) SQUARE, CENTERED OVER DRAIN HOLES
1" (25 MM) BEDDING SAND
CONCRETE OR CEMENT-TREATED BASE - 4" (100 MM) THICK MIN.
COMPACTED AGGREGATE SUBBASE
COMPACTED SOIL SUBGRADE
DRAIN HOLE(S) 2" (50 MM) DIA. LOCATE AT LOWEST POINTS & FILL W/ 3/8" OPEN GRADED AGGREGATE.
Figure 4. Typical cross section of sand-set paving slabs on a concrete base
Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. The minimum concrete base thickness should be 4 in. (100 mm). Using at least #3 rebar placed at 24 in. centers will help prevent the concrete base from displacing when it cracks. Weep holes are recommended at the lowest elevations. These should be 2 in. (50 mm) in diameter, filled with washed angular 3/8 in. (9 mm) gravel, and covered with geotextile to prevent loss of bedding sand. The surface tol- erances of the concrete base should be ±¼ in. (6 mm) over a 10 ft (3 m) straightedge. Figure 4 shows a typical cross section. Bedding sand materials and pre-compaction – Bedding sand should be 1 in. (25 mm) compacted thickness. This material should be washed concrete sand conforming to the gradations in ASTM C33 or CSA A23.2A. The percent Figure 5. Precompacting the bedding sand passing the 0.075 or 0.080 mm sieves in these specifica- tions should be no greater than 1%. Screenings or stone dust should not be used because they do not drain water. Cement-stabilized sand should not be used due to lack of drainage and potential variability of cement content and resulting stiffness in the mix. A very smooth, even bedding sand surface is required to seat paving slabs. For paving slab applicatons, some con- tractors prefer to pre-compact screeded bedding sand with a plate compactor as shown in Figure 5. If pre-compaction is done, care must be taken to leave no indentations in the bedding sand surface from the plate compactor. See Figure 5. These can be removed by screeding the surface to create FIgure 6. Installing planks on uncompacted bedding sand.
Construction Committee - 23 ICPI Tech Spec 25 Page 4 PAVING SLABS W/ SAND FILLED JOINTS
NEOPRENE ADHESIVE ON 3/4" (20 MM) THICK BITUMINOUS SAND BED ON ASPHALTIC TACK COAT
CONCRETE BASE 4" (100 MM) THICK MIN.
COMPACTED AGGREGATE SUBBASE
COMPACTED SOIL SUBGRADE
DRAIN HOLE(S) 2" (50 MM) DIA. LOCATE AT LOWEST POINTS & FILL W/ 3/8" OPEN GRADED AGGREGATE.
Figure 7. Typical cross section of bitumen-set paving slabs on a concrete base a thin layer (6 – 10 mm) of uncompacted sand (also known beams, cut stone or metal angle edge restraints are as fluffing). required. Pedestrian applications do not require a tack The entire bedding layer should not be used to compen- coat of emulsified asphalt on base materials, but it is sate for variations in the base surface beyond the specified required for vehicular applications. A ¾ in. (15mm) layer of tolerances. Paving slabs do not interlock and therefore do heated sand-asphalt mix is then applied and compacted not spread loads to their neighbors via joint sand. Given this while cooling. This setting bed material may be speci- condition, there is no requirement to force bedding sand fied from provincial, state or local road agencies as the into the bottom of the joints when compacting the units sand-asphalt surface mix (topping layer) is typical to most on uncompacted bedding sand, as is done with interlock- asphalt roads. Figure 6 illustrates a typical cross section. ing concrete pavers. For planks 18 in. (450mm) and longer While the setting bed asphalt layer is cooling, a roller or or 4 in. (100 mm) and narrower pre-compaction of the plate compactor is used to consolidate and flatten the bedding sand is recommended to minimize breakage. surface. The paving units may then be placed in the speci- Shorter or wider planks can be installed on uncompacted fied pattern. For additional strength, a neoprene-asphalt bedding sand. See Figure 6. Bitumen-set applications—These require a concrete base or asphalt base with a surface tolerance of ± ¼ in. (6 mm) over a 10 ft (3 m) straightedge. ICPI’s Tech Spec 20–Construction of Bituminous-Sand Set Interlocking Concrete Pavement provides a detailed description of the materials and construction procedures for both. Pedestrian applica- tions can have bases constructed from either concrete or asphalt, whereas vehicular applications should only use concrete bases. Slabs and planks may be installed with this method, and the paving units must conform to a height toler- ance of +/- 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) which will require additional Figure 8. Sidewalk application illustrating the neoprene processing by the manufacturer. Concrete curbs, grade adhesive on an asphalt bedding layer under paving slabs
Construction Committee - 24 ICPI Tech Spec 25 Page 5 PAVING SLABS, MIN. 2" (50 MM) THICK
FLUSH 1/2" (13 MM) LATEX MORTAR JOINT, TYPICAL
3/4" (20 MM) LATEX MORTAR SETTING BED
FULL DEPTH 1/2" (13 MM) EXPANSION JOINT
CONCRETE SLAB W/ REINFORCEMENT MIN. 4" (100 MM) THICK
CRUSHED STONE SUBBASE MIN. 4" (100 MM) THICKNESS
COMPACTED SUBGRADE
Figure 9. Typical mortar set slab application mastic can be troweled or squeegeed onto the con- Mortar bedding materials—Mortar is not commonly solidated asphalt setting bed surface per manufacturer’s used with paving slabs and planks due to its increased instructions. This material generally takes an hour or two expense compared to other assemblies, potential mar- to “break”. Then the paving slabs or planks can be placed. ring units with it during placement, and overall lack of See Figure 7. This adhered process will not allow for pav- construction speed. If specified, Type M mortar should ing units to be removed without damaging the setting conform to ASTM C270 Standard Specification for Mortar bed and requiring additional repair. for Unit Masonry. The appendix to this specification cau- Washed concrete sand is swept into joints and a roller tions on the use of mortar in pavement applications. compactor is applied to pavement surface to consolidate Also, mortar conforming to ANSI A118.4–Latex Portland the jointing sand in place. The edge restraints will prevent Cement Mortar, A118.7–Polymer Modified Cement Grouts horizontal creep or movement effectively locking the pav- or A118.8–Modified Epoxy Emulsion Mortar/Grout. Mortar ing units in place. A liquid joint sealant may be applied bedding can be used in pedestrian applications in non- to help with joint sand loss or a stabilized joint sand also freezing climates and in freezing climates if fortified with may be used. a latex or epoxy additive as mortar can be susceptible to
Figure 10. Single hand scissor clamp for lifting small and Figure 11. Double hand clamp for lifting larger thin paving slabs paving slabs
Construction Committee - 25 ICPI Tech Spec 25 Page 6 Figure 12. Self-contained vacuum lifter with boom Figure 13. Large vacuum head lifts an oversize paving slab damage and deterioration from deicers. Figure 9 shows a a caulk-type tube or from a mortar bag. The mortared typical cross section. joints are tooled flat so they do not hold water. Mortar Mortar-set paving slabs or planks are not recommend- accidently dabbed on a slab or plank surface should be ed in vehicular applications in any climate. The exception removed immediately. to using mortar in vehicular applications is for positoning Installation equipment to lift and place paving very thick (> 5 in. or >125 mm) and large (<4 ft or 1.2 units—Paving slabs are heavy and the larger units require m) paving slabs onto a concrete base. These size units at least two persons to install them. Serious injury from provide significant spreading of loads, thereby reducing repetitive movements from manual installation of pav- stress on the weaker mortar layer. ing slabs can be avoided by using specialized lifting and Mortar beds can be thin-set with a trowel to approxi- placing equipment. Every effort should be made to use mately 1/2 in. (13 mm) if the concrete base beneath is such equipment to avoid fatigue and injury. Most projects correctly constructed with close surface tolerances and will have a pavement area with cut units and these may proper elevations. If not, then thick-set (~11/2 in. or 40 require manual installation. Therefore, worker energy mm) mortar is placed, the bottom of the paving units should be reserved for accomplishing these manual tasks, dampened with water prior to setting on these setting and by using slab installation equipment across as much bed thicknesses, and then the units placed on the mortar. pavement area as possible. A rubber mallet is used to align each unit with adjacent Installation equipment for paving slabs ranges from ones. The joints are filled with mortar squeezed from in manual scissor clamps, that allow one or two workers to
Figure 14. Two-person vacuum lift for paving slabs Figure 15. Two-person vacuum lift for larger paving slabs.
Construction Committee - 26 ICPI Tech Spec 25 Page 7 Double hand clamps require two people to operate. These are suitable for paving slabs up to 24 x 24 in. (600 x 600 mm) weighing up to 150 lbs (68 kg). These have brackets on each end that grab the paving unit and use its weight to tighten the grip on it. Gripping may be assisted by rubber pads fixed to the brackets. The unit must be grabbed from the center to avoid twisting injury when lifted by the clamp. Fingers must be kept away from pivot points. Vacuum equipment includes a self- contained vacuum lifter with a boom arm that rotates or swings in most any direc- Figure 16. Using vacuum equipment to install paving slabs in a residential tion. These machines increase installation application efficiency and are especially suited for pav- ing large areas. See Figure 12. lift and place paving slabs, to vacuum lifters. For very large units, lifting devices exist that can lift Scissor clamps—These vary in size depending on and place slabs weighing as much 11,000 lbs (5,000 kg). the length and width of the unit to be moved. Single Figure 13 illustrates such a device which uses more than hand and double hand clamps are illustrated in Figures one vacuum head attached to the paving slab. 10 and 11. Single hand clamps are suitiable for units up Smaller devices use battery or electric powered slab to 24 in. (600 mm) long and maximum 130 lbs (58 kg). lifters, or they can be attached to an existing machine Source: Interpave UK
Figures 17 and 18. Vertically stacked paving slabs on a shipping pallet can be lifted, turned to a horizontal position and placed with a vacuum device.
Construction Committee - 27 ICPI Tech Spec 25 Page 8 Table 1. Recommended dimensional tolerances paving slabs and planks in sand-set (22 kN) plate compactor with a roller and bitumen-set applications attachment. See Figure 19. At least Concave or Convex two passes should be made, with Length and Width, Thickness, Warpage in One the second pass perpendicular from in. [mm] in. [mm] Dimension, in.[mm] the first. Any cracked units should Units up to and including Up to and including be removed and replaced, and then 24 in. [610 mm]: 17.75 in. [450 mm]: compacted in place. –0.04 [1.0] and +0.08 [2.0] ±0.12 [3.0] ±0.08 [2.0] Jointing sand—Jointing sand should conform to the gradations Units over 24 in. [610 mm] Over 17.75 in. [450 mm] in C144 Standard Specification for –0.06 [1.5] and +0.12 [3.0] ±0.12 [3.0] ±0.12 [3.0] Aggregate for Masonry Mortar or CSA A179 Mortar and Grout for Unit that provides power for creating the vacuum. Figures 14 Masonry. This sand is placed into the through 16 illustrate these devices. The device shown in joints and the pavement surface cleaned prior to com- Figure 14 has a lifting capacity of 330 lbs (150 kg) and pacting again to prevent surface scratches. At least two Figure 15 has a capacity of 440 lbs (200 kg). Figure 16 illus- passes should be made with a roller attachment on the trates using a slab lifter for smaller slabs. plate compactor. The second pass is perpendicular from The piece of equipment that directly attaches via the first. Compaction can follow directly behind spreading vacuum force to the paving slab is called a lifting head. sand into the joints. These come with various thicknesses of foam sealant and Joint sand stabilizers can be used to achieve early configurations that enable lifting of textured slab or those stabilization and reduce water ingress. Manufacturers with detectable warnings. Equipment manufacturers can instructions should be strictly followed. ICPI Tech Spec 5– recommend lifting heads for various paving slab surfaces. Cleaning, Sealing and Joint Sand Stabilization of Interlocking The sealants wear out, compromise suction, and must be Concrete Pavement provides additional guidance. replaced. In addition, most vacuum machines have air Sealers—Sealers can be applied to paving slabs and filters that must be replaced regularly to maintain a high planks to protect them from stains and enhance their vacuum force. color. Tech Spec 5 provides general guidance on sealer Mechanical turning of vertically stacked paving slabs - types with advantages and disadvantages of each. If When shipped to a job site, most paving slabs are stacked efflorescence appears on the surface, cleaners specifically vertically on their edges. There are attachments that can formulated for concrete paving units can be applied to grab vertically stacked slabs on a pallet and rotate them to a horizontal position, ready for installation. See Figures 17 and 18. Placing and compacting paving slabs—As with any segmental pavement, string lines should be pulled for mortared applications or chalk lines snapped onto bedding material set perpendicular to a baseline. These provide lines to guide placement. Joints are typically 1/8 to 3/16 in. (3 to 5 mm) wide unless specifically recommended by the manufacturer or designer. Manufacturers may need to grind or “gauge” slabs or planks to achieve the dimensional tolerances shown in Table 1. These result in efficient installation and tight, aligned joints specified in most applications. Once in place, the slabs or plank surface is cleaned if Figure 19. Compacting paving slabs with a roller needed. The units are compacted with minimum 5,000 lbf attachment on a plate compactor
Construction Committee - 28 ICPI Tech Spec 25 Page 9 Traffic Direction Source: Interpave UK Source: Interpave UK Source: Interpave UK Traffic Direction
Figure 20. Stack bond Figure 21. Transverse Running Bond Figure 22. Longitudinal Running Bond
Cut area Source: Interpave UK Source: Interpave UK
Figure 23. Running bond edges filled with Figure 24. Cut areas less than 25% of concrete paver sailor or soldier courses the slab area generally do not require additional cuts on the paving slab to reduce the risk of cracking.
Cut slab into small pieces Cut area Source: Interpave UK Source: Interpave UK
Figure 25. Cut areas 25% or greater of the slab Figure 26. Using concrete pavers to fill around a utility cover area often require additional cuts to reduce the risk of cracking. remove it prior to applying sealers. However, it is best to Constructions Details wait through a wet or winter season prior to applying a Stack Bond and Running Bond— For square slabs and sealer. This allows time for the effloresence to work its way rectangular slabs, units are placed in stack or running out of the concrete. Tech Spec 5 provides additional infor- bond. Stack bond is shown in Figure 20. Running bond mation on managing effloresence. can be placed longitudinal, i.e., the longer dimension in
Construction Committee - 29 ICPI Tech Spec 25 Page 10 the traffic direction, or transverse, i.e., the shorter dimen- sion in the direction of traffic. These are shown in Figures 21 and 20. If subject to vehicular traffic, a running bond pattern is recommended using square units as they will be less prone to damage. Figure 23 illustrates filling cut areas with saw cut pav- ing slabs or smaller concrete pavers. The area that receives the concrete pavers as a sailor course or soldier course should be of such dimensions to accept either without cutting. Cutting Details—When a section of a paving slab Figure 27. Example of a utility cover that does not fit neatly must be cut and the cut area is less than 25% of the total into the paving pattern. slab area, there is no need to include additional cuts to reduce the risk of a cracked unit. Figure 24 illustrates this. If more than 25% of a paving slab must be cut and removed, consideration must be given to installing addi- tional cuts to reduce the risk of cracking under loads. Figuure 24 illustrates this treatment. Detailing Around Utilities—Provided that they are squared with the paving pattern, placing paving slabs around square or rectangular access covers is fairly straightforward. When slabs are cut to fit a running bond pattern, the cut areas can be filled with a cut slab or with smaller concrete pavers as shown in Figure 26. In most cases, the utility cover and the paving pattern will not align with the paving slab module or with the paving pattern. Figures 27 and 28 illustrate how covers are detailed in these situations. Round utility covers should be Figure 28. Another example of cutting pavers to accommodate a utilitly cover set at an acute angle to the paving slab pattern encased in a square concrete collar sized to fit the paving slab module if possible. Another, more elegant option is filling in the outside radius of the cover with smaller stone units as shown on Figure 29. The stones are mortared into the concrete collar around the cover. Curb Ramp Details—Curb ramps and driveway entranc- es can be detailed one of two ways shown in Figures 30 and 31. Figure 30 shows a sidewalk that does not dip into the driveway apron and Figure 31 shows one that does. Edge Restraints—These should follow guidance pro- vided in Table 2 of Tech Spec 3–Edge Restraints for Interlocking Concrete Pavements. This Tech Spec provides a summary of the types and recommended applications. Maintenance—Extra paving slabs or planks should Figure 29. Filling the outside of a utility cover with mortar-set be ordered for future maintenance should a paving unit stone paving units become unduly stained or crack and require replace- ment. An advantage of segmental paving is that it can be removed and reinstated after base or underground utility repairs. Tech Spec 6–Reinstatement of Interlocking Concrete Pavements provides specific steps on removing and rein- stating paving units.
Construction Committee - 30 ICPI Tech Spec 25 Page 11 Slabs cut across grade change Slabs ramped Slabs ramped Gutter crossing Gutter crossing Source: CMAA Source: CMAA
Figure 30. Driveway entrance with a ramped apron Figure 31. Driveway entrance with a depressed sidewalk surface.
Use of ICPI Certified Installers—ICPI offers train- designed for permeable applications. These units have ing and experience certification of segmental concerete wider joints (typically filled with No. 8 or 89 stone) than pavement installers. This training includes taking a two- non-permeable applications in order to receive storm- day course, passing the exam and providing evidence water runoff. Note: Compaction of slabs and planks for of at least 10,000 sf (1,000 m2) of installation experience. permeable applications should be done with roller attach- Continuing education requirements must be met as well, ment on the plate compactor as previously described. eight hours over two years. A step further for contractors is receiving the References Commercial Specialist Designation. This includes taking Concrete Masonry Association of Australia (CMAA), PA05 Concrete Flag Pavements – Design and Construction Guide, Australia, 2014 a course, passing the exam and providing evidence of a (www.cmaa.com.au) minimum of 50,000 sf (5,000 m2) of paving units installed Interpave UK, Concrete Flag Paving: Guide to the Properties, in commercial applications. This area may include paving Design, Handling, Construction, Reinstatement and Maintenance slabs and planks. Specifiers are encouraged to include of Concrete Flag Pavements, Edition 4, United Kingdom, 2010 this ICPI designation in commercial project specifications (www.paving.org.uk) and also specify that the contractor submit proof of slab or plank installation experience as appropriate to the project. Slab and plank requirements for permeable appli- cations—Paving slabs can be used in permeable applica- tions. Slabs 16 x 16 in. (400 x 400 mm) and larger should be limited to pedestrian uses only and their minimum thickness should be 3.125 in. (80 mm). Using 16 x 16 14801 Murdock Street Tel: 703.657.6900 in. or larger units in vehicular applications risks tipping Suite 230 Fax: 703.657.6901 and cracking. Slabs smaller than 16 x 16 in. when used Chantilly, VA 20151 E-mail: [email protected] www.icpi.org in vehicular applications should be at least 3.125 in. (80 In Canada: mm) thick. P.O. Box 1150 Planks for permeable applications longer than 12 in. Uxbridge, ON L9P 1N4 (300mm) are recommended for pedestrian only uses and Canada their minimum thickness should be 3.125 in (80 mm). The content of ICPI Tech Spec technical bulletins is intended for use only as a guide- Detailed construction guidelines for permeable sub- line. It is not intended for use or reliance upon as an industry standard, certification or as a specification. ICPI makes no promises, representations or warranties of any bases, base, bedding/jointing aggregates and edge kind, expressed or implied, as to the content of the Tech Spec Technical Bulletins restraints can be found in ICPI Tech 18–Construction of and disclaims any liability for damages resulting from the use of Tech Spec Techni- cal Bulletins. Professional assistance should be sought with respect to the design, Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement Systems. These specifications and construction of each project. construction guidelines apply to slabs and planks BOD Approved: August 2017
Construction Committee - 31 ICPI Tech Spec 25 Page 12 Item 3b
Tech Spec 20
Construction of Bituminous-Sand Set Interlocking Concrete Pavement Although sand-set applications represent the majority The setting bed rests on a thin layer of emulsified asphalt of interlocking concrete pavements with a flexible base, spread over a concrete base. The emulsified asphalt pro- there are times when a project benefits from a bitumen- vides additional adhesion of the bitumen-sand bedding sand setting bed or a rigid concrete base. Bitumen-sand to the concrete. Figure 1 shows a typical crosswalk sec- set applications on a rigid concrete base have a proven tion. track record of superior performance under heavy vehicu- The concrete base is designed to support anticipated lar traffic, especially in urban settings. Such applications traffic. Unlike interlocking concrete pavers on a flexible include crosswalks and intersections subject to concen- aggregate base, those on concrete bases are typically trated truck traffic. This type of rigid pavement construc- given little or no credit for their structural contribution tion has replaced mortar or sand-cement bedding mate- to the pavement cross section. The concrete base dis- rials in many pedestrian applications and in all vehicular tributes wheel loads to a subbase and the soil subgrade. ones. Mortar set pavers have not performed well under For bituminous-sand set applications, concrete bases are vehicular traffic and are not recommended. In addition, recommended in vehicular and pedestrian areas. Asphalt mortar-set pavers should not be used in pedestrian appli- bases should only be used in pedestrian areas. cations exposed to freeze-thaw and deicing salts. Mortar The tack coat enhances the bond of the setting bed to tends to deteriorate in such environments. the underlying base. For residential and pedestrian applica- Bitumen-sand set applications emerged some thirty tions with no vehicular traffic, the tack coat may be omitted. years ago from the defunct Hastings Brick Company in Typical highway tack coat materials can be used, including New York. This setting technique was used as a means to diluted asphalt emulsions. The type of tack coat will be differentiate the Hastings clay brick paving system to win based upon the environmental conditions and the proce- project specifications. Over the years, bitumen-sand set dure used by the installer. Emulsified asphalt should comply paving specifications moved into concrete paver project with ASTM D977, such as Type SS-1 or SS-1h. specifications and have seen many derivations in archi- In most cases, the tack coat material will be supplied tectural specifications. This Tech Spec provides current and in pails or drums. They should be stored in accordance proven installation techniques. with the manufacturer’s directions and be thoroughly Typical Cross Section—Bitumen-sand set applica- mixed before application.
tions for vehicular traffic consist of 31/8 in. (80 mm) thick The bituminous setting bed is a mixture of asphalt pavers set on a nominal 3/4 in. (20 mm) thick bitumen- cement and coarse sand (or fine aggregate). In most cases sand setting bed for particles up to 1/4 in. (6 mm). If the the maximum particle size should be less than 1/4 in. (6 maximum particle size is 3/8 in. (9 mm) then the bitumen- mm). The mix detailed here may not be available from all sand setting bed should be increased to to 11/8 in. (28 hot mix asphalt plants and a suitable alternate will have to mm) or 3 times the largest particle size. be selected. In these areas, it may be necessary to select a Neoprene-modified asphalt adhesive is applied to the sand-aggregate mixture with a maximum particle size of surface of the thin setting bed and bonds the pavers to it. 3/8 in. (9 mm).
© 2014 ICPI Tech Spec No. 20 • Interlocking Concrete PavementConstruction Institute Committee • All rights - 32 reserved. Revised February 2020. EXISTING ASPHALT PAVEMENT SAW-CUT JOINT SEAL JOINT CONCRETE CURB MIN. 12" (300 MM) WIDE x 12" (300 MM) DEEP CONCRETE PAVER 3 1/8" (80 MM) MIN. THICKNESS TACK COAT OF EMULSIFIED OR CUT-BACK ASPHALT ON CONCRETE BASE 3/4" (20MM) BITUMEN-SAND SETTING BED CONCRETE BASE
WIRE WELDED FABRIC OR STEEL RE-BAR AS REQUIRED
VARIES HAND TIGHT, SAND-FILLED JOINTS
REBAR AS COMPACTED SOIL SUBGRADE REQUIRED COMPACTED, OPEN GRADED AGGREGATE SUBBASE AS REQUIRED STABILIZE BASE WITHIN 3 FT. (1.0 M) OF CONCRETE CURBS
2" (50MM) DIA. DRAIN HOLES LOCATE AT LOWEST ELEVATIONS FILL WITH ANGULAR DRAINAGE AGGREGATE
NOTES: 1. BASE THICKNESS AND REINFORCING VARIES WITH TRAFFIC, CLIMATE, AND SUBGRADE CONDITIONS. 2. CONCRETE BASE MINIMUM 2% SLOPE FROM CENTERLINE TO CURB. 3. DO NOT PROVIDE WEEP HOLES TO SUBGRADE WHEN WATER TABLE IS LESS THAN 2 FT. (0.6 M) FROM TOP OF SOIL SUBGRADE. PROVIDE DRAIN HOLES TO CATCH BASINS.
Figure 1. Typical cross section of a bitumen-sand set paver street
Hot-mix plants typically use one or two different The sand should meet the gradation requirements of grades of asphalt cement to suit local highway construc- ASTM C33 or CSA A23.1-FA1 and consist of clean, hard, tion requirements. When available, AC 20 or AR-8000 vis- durable particles free from adherent coatings of clay, cosity graded asphalt cements complying with ASTM D3381 organic matter and salts. In some areas it may be difficult can be used. These materials have a long record of success, to find an asphalt producer that provides a product that but are gradually being replaced with performance grade, meets the recommended sand gradation. In these areas it PG 58-22, binders complying with ASTM D6373 that provide may be necessary to use a mix design that has particles up similar characterisitcs. to 3/8 in. (9 mm) as identified in ASTM D1073. This coarser Although this grade of asphalt cement is used material will have a more textured surface. The aggregate throughout the United States and Canada, other grades should have a verifiable history of being resistant to strip- are available to meet local design temperatures and traf- ping. Manufactured sands typically have a higher stability fic characteristics. Areas with colder climates may use than natural sands. grade PG 58-28 asphalt cement, and those with hotter The bituminous setting bed material should be mixed climates may use grade PG 70-16 asphalt cement. at a hot-mix asphalt plant. The dried aggregates and Fine aggregate materials available at hot mix plants asphalt cement are heated to the appropriate temperatures are typically natural or manufactured sands. Fine aggre- and are mixed thoroughly. This will produce a uniform gates should comply with ASTM D1073. When identifying mixture with all of the aggregate particles evenly coated an acceptable source for the bituminous-sand bedding with asphalt cement. The supplier should determine the material, refer to local department of transportation exact proportions to achieve the best mix to suit the specifications for the materials they use as the surface materials, the site and the installation conditions. Typical layer on asphalt roads. mix proportions are approximately 6 to 8 percent asphalt cement by weight.
Construction Committee - 33 ICPI Tech Spec 20 Page 2 The pavers are bonded to the bituminous setting bed of water that weeps through the bedding material is mini- using an neoprene modified asphalt adhesive. Typical mal, drain holes help assure its removal. If water remains proprietary materials contain 75 percent solids in a min- on the bedding layer, the water can freeze and loosen eral spirit solvent. The solids consist of 2 percent neoprene, the pavers from expansion. Care should be taken during 10 percent asbestos free fibers and 88 percent asphalt. The construction to prevent clogging of the drain holes with adhesive is typically supplied in pails or drums. The material bitumen-sand setting bed material. should be stored in accordance with the manufacturer’s rec- ommendations and be thoroughly mixed before application. Construction Sequence The concrete pavers selected for vehicular applications Figures 2 through 12 demonstrate the bitumen-sand set should comply with the requirements of ASTM C936 or CSA interlocking concrete pavement installation sequence for A231.2 with the additional requirement that the thickness a crosswalk. Once the concrete base is in place and cured tolerances be +/- 1/16 in. (1.6 mm). Some manufacturers may for at least 24 hours, a tack coat of emulsified asphalt is need to gauge or grind the units to achieve this tolerance. applied on the concrete base (Figure 2). For maximum The joint sand should meet the gradation requirement adhesion it is important to create a thin layer of uniform of ASTM C33 or ASTM C144 or CSA A23.1-FA1 or CSA A179. thickness. To achieve this it is best to dilute the asphalt Pavers in bitumen-sand set applications will settle only emulsion with water at a ratio of 1:1. Estimated applica- slightly when compacted as the thin bitumen-sand bedding tion rates are listed in Table 1. material is already compacted while hot. Pavers are set a few millimeters above the curb edge before compaction so Table 1. Emulsified aspha5-6lt tack coat application rate that they sit just above or level with the curb after compac- Concrete Base tion. Pavers should be set higher if some settlement of the [ gal per 100 ft² ] [liters per 10 m² ] concrete base is expected, relative to the curb, due to traffic, Undiluted 0.9 to 1.3 3.6 to 5.3 soil settlement or both. As with all overlays on concrete, attention should be Diluted (1:1) 1.2 to 1.5 4.8 to 6.1 given to draining water from the setting bed through the base. Figure 1 shows a 2 in. (50 mm) diameter drain Asphalt Base hole pre-formed in the concrete base with plastic pipe [ gal per 100 ft² ] [liters per 10 m² ] and filled with open-graded, free-draining angular gravel. Undiluted 0.6 to 1.0 2.5 to 4.1 Holes are typically placed every 10 ft (3 m) along the Diluted (1:1) 1.0 to 1.3 4.1 to 5.3 perimeter and at the lowest elevations. While the amount
Figure 2. Emulsified asphalt tack coat is applied to a Figure 3. Confirming the tack coat has cured and is no concrete base prior to applying the bitumen-sand mix. longer wet to the touch.
Construction Committee - 34 ICPI Tech Spec 20 Page 3 Figure 4. The hot bitumen-sand bedding material is Figure 5. While the bitumen-sand is still hot, it is screeded to dumped from a truck onto the concrete base. an uncompacted thickness of about 3/4 in. (20 mm).
Figure 6. A hand tamper is used to compact in areas that Figure 7. The compacted bedding elevation at the edge is cannot be reached with the roller compactor. checked with a paver.
Figure 8. After the bitumen-sand mix cools, a 2% neoprene- Figure 9. Perpendicular chalk lines are snapped and the pavers asphalt adhesive is applied. The material can be trowel- placed on the adhesive after the neoprene-asphalt adhesive applied as shown here. Adhesives with a lower viscosity can be dries (cloudy black surface). spread with a squeegee.
Construction Committee - 35 ICPI Tech Spec 20 Page 4 The bars are removed immediately after screeding and the narrow void spaces left from the removed bars are filled with additional, hot bitumen-sand mix and troweled smooth. The compacted bitumen-sand bedding layer can compensate for only very small surface variations in the concrete base and cannot be used to make up for a rough surface finish on the concrete. The bitumen-sand mix is placed, screeded and compacted in one small area at a time (typically a 100 to 300 sq. ft. or 10 to 30 m2) in order to screed and compact the mix while hot. Areas that can not be compacted with the roller compactor should be compacted with a hand tamper (Figure 6). Before spreading the asphalt adhesive it is advisable to confirm the bedding elevation using a paver (Figure 7). If it cools prior to compaction, it is impossible to compact and will require reheating prior to compaction. A thin layer of neoprene-asphalt adhesive is then Figure 10. Cut pavers are added along the edges. applied with a squeegee to the top of the bedding layer, and allowed to cure (typically 1 to 2 hours). Adhesives with a high viscosity are applied with a straight edged towel Best application results are typically achieved using a as shown in Figure 8. Adhesives with a low viscosity can synthetic paint roller with a short nap. Once applied the be applied with a squeegee. The adhesive takes a hazy tack coat should not be disturbed and should be allowed appearance when ready to mark baselines and place the to cure before covering with the setting bed material. As concrete pavers (Figure 9). Only enough adhesive should the asphalt emulsion cures it should turn from a brown to be applied that will be covered with pavers in a day’s black color (Figure 3). This may take a few hours depend- work. Figure 10 shows the paver installation. Once the ing on weather conditions. When using SS-1 and SS-1h pavers are placed on the adhesive, they are very difficult asphalt emulsions the temperature should be between 70 to remove. If removed, they can pull up the adhesive and and 160° F (20 to 70° C) to allow for proper curing. Asphalt bitumen-sand bedding under the paver. Once all the pav- tack coats are recommended for vehicular applications. They are typically not required in pedestrian applications. The hot bitumen-sand bedding layer is placed, screeded to about 3/4 in. (20 mm) thick and compacted while remaining above 250° F (120° C) (Figures 4 and 5). This layer typically compacts about 1/8 in. (3 mm). The depth of this layer must be consistent. If the area does not have a curb to support a screed, screed bars are placed directly on the concrete base to guide the screed. Figure 11. Sweeping in joint sand Figure 12. Once the pavers are in place, the joints are filled with dry joint sand and the surface is compacted.
Construction Committee - 36 ICPI Tech Spec 20 Page 5 Figure 13. Crosswalk in use under heavy traffic. Figure 14. A water-filled roller compactor for compacting the bitumen-sand bedding. ers are in place including cut units, sand is swept into the Cost and Performance—Bitumen-sand set pavers are joints and pavers are compacted until the joints are full significantly more expensive (typically 30-50% higher) (Figures 11 and 12). For more efficient work, sand sweep- than sand-set pavers due to additional material and ing and compaction can be simultaneous. Unlike sand-set labor costs. However, the additional costs incurred with pavers, there is no need to compact the pavers without bitumen-sand set concrete pavers for vehicular traffic are sand in the joints first. When completed, the pavement often balanced with the long-term performance charac- can accept traffic loading immediately (Figure 13). teristics when compared to sand-set installations under Should the surface of the pavers be stained with the same wheel loads. As noted in Tech Spec 19 (ICPI 2013), adhesive during installation, it is very difficult to remove interlocking concrete pavement crosswalks with bitumi- and fresh replacement pavers are required. In-service nous-sand setting beds on concrete bases were estimated reinstatement of installed bitumen-sand set pavers is to have a life span of 7.5 million ESALs. practically impossible because the bitumen-sand material Pedestrian Areas—Bitumen-sand set applications are adheres to the bottom of the pavers when removed. It is sometimes used in public pedestrian areas with concrete less expensive to discard the pavers rather than remove paving slabs. Paving slabs used in sidewalks and plazas the asphalt from the units and attempt to reinstate them. are often larger than 12 in., typically having one or both Specialty Tools—Some specialty tools are required to dimensions at 16, 18 or 24 in. (400, 450 or 600 mm) and are successfully install bitumen-sand set pavers. For example, generally 1.5 to 2 in. (38 to 50 mm) thick. Often the paving Figure 14 shows a roller modified with a long handle units are “gauged” or ground on the bottom by the manu- welded or bolted to the frame. The drum of the roller facturer to ensure consistent thicknesses among all the should be smooth with no rust, preferably with sharp units. These types of paving slabs require a very smooth edges (not rounded). Other specialty tools are shown in and even concrete base. A tack coat is typically not Figures 15, 16 and 17. used prior to placing, screeding and compacting the hot
Construction Committee - 37 ICPI Tech Spec 20 Page 6 Figure 15. Walking on the hot bitumen-sand bedding with Figure 16. Occasionally, uneven bedding surface occurs and regular construction grade, steel-toed boots is discouraged. it is necessary to re-heat the bitumen-sand bedding with a For limited walking on this layer, workers should wear propane heater tool. boot sole covers shown here that resist damage and better distribute weight to prevent dentations.
Figure 17. On larger projects, 3/4 in. (19 mm) thick steel screed Figure 18. Paving slabs adhered to a bitumen-sand bedding in bars are placed on the concrete base to ensure a uniform a Washington, DC, sidewalk. bitumen-sand bedding thickness.
Construction Committee - 38 ICPI Tech Spec 20 Page 7 bitumen-sand mix. A neoprene adhesive can be applied installed and allowed to cure, it will be very unlikely to the bituminous-sand bedding, after it has cooled, to that a paver can be removed without pulling up some create a securely bonded system. However, the adhesive of the bitumen-sand bedding material. Repair will typi- can be omitted to help simplify future repair procedures. cally require the removal and disposal of the pavers and Figure 18 illustrates paving slabs placed on the adhesive bitumen-sand bedding and replacement with new mate- over the bitumen-sand bedding. After placement of the rial. Use of a propane torch as shown in Figure 16 along slabs directly on the bituminous-sand or on the adhesive, with a scraper may be required to soften and effectively the joints are typically filled with concrete sand or sta- remove the bitumen-sand from the concrete base. It is bilized joint sand. The slabs are compacted with a roller unlikely that the bitumen-sand hot mix will be available compactor or small plate compactor with rollers attached in a small batch so it may be necessary to use a fine grada- to help spread the compaction force and prevent crack- tion cold-patch material. Cold-patch can only be used in ing of the paving slabs. repairs and is not an acceptable substitution for hot-mix This method is superior to using a sand-cement in the initial installation. Follow manufacturer’s installa- mixture for the bedding over a concrete base as the tion instructions. Allow the cold-patch material to fully sand-cement can be subject to deterioration from water, cure before applying the neoprene asphalt adhesive. deicing salts and freeze-thaw cycles. Like its counterpart for vehicular applications, a bitumen-sand bedding with References neoprene adhesive is more expensive, but it provides a Refer to the latest published ASTM and CSA standards very low-maintenance solution to rigid segmental con- and ICPI Tech Specs. crete pavements, even in severe climates. ASTM–American Society for Testing and Materials International, Conshocken, PA. www.astm.org Maintenance of Bituminous-set Installations CSA–Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale, ON. The neoprene-asphalt adhesive bonds to the concrete www.csagroup.org pavers and bitumen-sand extremely well. This will make ICPI–Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute, Chantilly, VA. it almost impossible to remove from the concrete paver www.ICPI.org after it is applied, even if done so accidentally. Once
14801 Murdock Street Tel: 703.657.6900 Suite 230 Fax: 703.657.6901 Chantilly, VA 20151 E-mail: [email protected] www.ICPI.org In Canada: P.O. Box 1150 Uxbridge, ON L9P 1N4 Canada
The content of ICPI Tech Spec technical bulletins is intended for use only as a guide- line. It is not intended for use or reliance upon as an industry standard, certification or as a specification. ICPI makes no promises, representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, as to the content of the Tech Spec Technical Bulletins and disclaims any liability for damages resulting from the use of Tech Spec Techni- cal Bulletins. Professional assistance should be sought with respect to the design, specifications and construction of each project. BOD Approved: February 2020
Construction Committee - 39 ICPI Tech Spec 20 Page 8 Item 4a
Tech Spec 23
Maintenance Guide for Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements
Introduction Permeable interlocking concrete pavements (PICP) are a with larger particles eventually captures smaller particles proven method for reducing stormwater runoff and pol- and this decreases the infiltration rate over time. While still lutants while supporting pedestrian and vehicular traffic. infiltrating water, many smaller particles are trapped within Many laboratory and in-situ research projects over the the surface and interior joints. Smaller particles are trapped past two decades by universities, government stormwa- and eventually decrease infiltration which results in surface ter agencies, and industry have demonstrated significant ponding. runoff and pollutant reductions with cost-saving benefits. Every PICP site varies in sediment deposition onto The U.S. Federal Highway Administration www.fhwa.dot. its surface, particle size distribution, and the resulting gov/pavement/concrete/pubs/hif19021.pdf has pub- cleaning frequency. For example, beach sand (a coarse lished information supporting PICP use in walkways, pla- particle size distribution) on the surface will not clog as zas, driveways, parking lots, alleys and streets. quickly and require less effort removing than fine clay Like all stormwater control measures, PICP requires sediment. Besides the particle size distribution, the rate maintenance as it traps sediment on its surface not of surface infiltration decline also depends on the traffic, unlike an air conditioning filter. Larger particles are ini- size, and slope of a contributing impervious area, adjacent tially trapped while allowing water to pass. Some enter the vegetation and eroding soil, paver joint widths and jointing jointing stone and are trapped there. The jointing stone stone sizes. ICPI offers a PICP site selection tool on www.
Figure 1. PICP is seeing increased use in municipal streets to reduce stormwater runoff, local flooding, storm pipe upsizing, and combined sewer overflows. These streets are in Atlanta, GA.
© 2017 ICPI Tech Spec No. 23 • Interlocking Concrete PavementConstruction Institute Committee • All rights - 40 reserved. Revised February 2020. traffic and sediment. This may require using temporary construction roads. If PICP receives run-on from upslope pervious or impervious areas, inspect these areas for erosion and sedi- ment, yard waste, materials storage, etc. Sweep or vacuum the contributing drainage area clean and free of any dirt, leaves and mulch as they are a major source of PICP clog- ging. Lawn and planting beds should be sloped away from PICP areas. Maintain filled joints with stones. The jointing stones Figure 2. Sand-filled joints and bedding common to capture sediment at the surface so it can easily be removed. interlocking concrete pavement in PICP. are not used If sediment is allowed to settle and consolidate, then clean- ing becomes more difficult since the sediment is inside icpi.org/software to help identify favorable sites and avoid the joint rather than on the surface. Settlement of jointing one that may incur additional maintenance. stones in the first few months is normal to PICP as open- While routine maintenance assures long-term infiltra- graded aggregates for jointing and bedding choke into the tion, surface infiltration can be restored from neglected larger base aggregates beneath and stabilize. This settle- maintenance. A significant advantage of PICP is its ability to ment often requires the joints to be refilled with aggregates remove settled or wheel-packed sediment in the joints. This three to six months after their initial installation. If possible, Tech Spec provides guidance on routine and restorative this should be included in the initial construction contract maintenance practices that support surface infiltration. This specifications. Aggregate-filled joints facilitate sediment bulletin also provides guidance on maintaining the surface removal at the surface and provide interlock for pavement as an acceptable pedestrian and vehicular surface. structural stability. Practices Supporting Surface Infiltration Keeping the joints filled during the PICP service life is PICP design and construction that complies with ICPI essential to trapping sediment and facilitating its remov- guidelines are fundamental to long-term surface infiltra- al at the surface and ensuring long term performance. tion. Guidelines are found in ASCE 68-18 standard on Permeable segmental paving systems that do not use joint- PICP, the ICPI manual, Permeable Interlocking Concrete ing aggregates may incur higher maintenance time and Pavements and in ICPI Tech Spec 18–Construction of costs to extract accumulated sediment from deep within Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements available on the joints and bedding, or eventually move through the www.icpi.org. Some essential characteristics described base/subbase aggregates onto the subgrade and reduce below support continued infiltration. its infiltration. Filled paver joints means filled to the bottom of the PICP doesn’t use sand. Unlike interlocking concrete pave- paver chamfers with jointing stone. If the pavers have very ments, sand jointing or bedding materials to support pav- ing units and dense-graded aggregate bases are not used in PICP. Sand joints and bedding allow very little water to enter and often eventually clog for traffic borne detritus and sediment. Construction E & S control is essential. Erosion and sedi- ment control during construction is covered in the previ- ously mentioned documents, and is customized to each project via the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan or SWPPP. An inspection checklist is provided at the end of this bulletin that includes sediment control. If the PICP is built first and construction traffic must use it, then it will very likely require vacuum cleaning upon construction completion. The ideal situation is PICP constructed late in Figure 3. Whether eroded onto or dumped on PICP, erosion the project such that it will not receive much construction and sediment control are essential during construction.
Construction Committee - 41 ICPI Tech Spec 23 Page 2 Figure 4. Keeping PICP joints filled with permeable aggregate facilitates removal of accumulated sediment. small or no chamfers, then they should be filled within ¼ Surface Infiltration Inspection & Testing in. (6 mm) of the paver surface. Should the top of jointing Visual Inspection—Effective ways to assess PICP surface stone settle below ¼ in. (6 mm), vacuum equipment can be infiltration is by conducting visual inspections or tests on less effective in removing sediment and cleaning becomes the surface before, during and immediately after rainfall. potentially more expensive. Inspect Before a Rainfall—Sediment crusted in the joints Manage mulch, topsoil and winter sand. Finally, stockpil- when dry is the most opportune time to remove it. During ing mulch or topsoil on tarps or on other surfaces during dry periods, the sediment layer in each joint can sometimes site maintenance activities rather than directly on the PICP dry out and curl upward. This layer can be easily loosened surface helps maintain infiltration. Figure 5 illustrates an by vacuum equipment. example of correct management of landscaping material Additionally, deciduous leaves and pine needles even- on PICP, as well as the need to exposed soil slopes. tually get crushed by traffic, degrade, and work their way Sand used in the winter for traction is not recommend- into the joints, thereby reducing infiltration. See Figures ed. Figure 6 illustrates the consequence to PICP joints when 7 and 8. The site should be inspected for sediments from subjected to winter sand for traction. If used, sand should adjacent eroding areas and those areas stabilized imme- be removed with vacuuming in the spring to prevent a diately. substantial decrease in surface infiltration. Using jointing Weeds growing from within joints indicate accumu- aggregate is recommended as a better alternative to using lated sediment in the joints and neglected maintenance. sand for winter traction. In addition, the aggregate can pro- See Figure 9. Weeds will not germinate unless there is accu- vide some refilling of the joints.
Figure 5. Mulch placed on tarps prevents more expensive Figure 6. Sand from winter maintenance must be removed cleaning of PICP. the following spring.
Construction Committee - 42 ICPI Tech Spec 23 Page 3 Figures 7 and 8. Pine needles and leaves eventually will degrade and get compacted into the joints from traffic. They should be removed by sweeping or vacuuming before that happens. mulated sediment. Weeds should be removed by hand. A minor amount of ponding is likely to occur particularly Herbicide may kill weeds, but dead vegetation and roots at transitions from impervious pavement surfaces to PICP. will remain. They typically reduce infiltration and should This often occurs first as sediment is transported by runoff eventually be removed. and vehicles. See Figures 10 and 11. Should ponding areas occupy more than 20% of the entire PICP surface, then Inspect During and Just After a Rainstorm— The extent surface cleaning should be conducted. While a rainstorm’s of puddles and bird baths observed during and espe- exact conclusion is difficult to predict, standing water on cially after rainstorm indicate a need for surface cleaning. PICP for more than 15 minutes during or after a rainstorm Table 1. ASTM C1781 test results: relationship between time likely indicates a location approaching clogging. required to infiltrate and calculated surface infiltration rate Test Surface Infiltration—A quick and subjective test for Approximate surface the amount of surface infiltration is pouring water on PICP. Time to infiltration rate If the water spreads rather than infiltrates, the extent of infiltrate water inches/hr (mm/hr) spreading suggests an area that may be clogging. Should more than approximately 20% of the surface area see pond- 8 lbs. (3.6 kg) 40 lbs. (18 kg) Minutes Seconds ing during or immediately after a rainstorm, a more objec- water water tive measure of surface infiltration of these areas can be 0.5 30 235 (5,913) 1,175 (29,564) accomplished using ASTM C1781 Standard Test Method for 1 60 117 (2,956) 587 (14,782) Surface Infiltration Rate of Permeable Unit Pavement Systems. 2 120 59 (1,478) 294 (7,391) Figure 12 illustrates the test set up using a 12 in. (300 mm) 4 240 29 (739) 147 (3,696) diameter ring set on plumber’s putty. (The ring can be metal or plastic.) Figure 13 illustrates the test apparatus in 6 360 20 (493) 98 (2,464) 8 480 15 (370) 73 (1,848) 15 900 8 (197) 39 (985) 30 1800 4 (99) 20 (493) 60 3600 2 (49) 10 (246)
Note: I = (K • M)/(D2 • t), where I = Surface infiltration rate, in./hr (mm/hr) K = 126,870 for US customary units (4,583,666,000 for metric) M = water mass, lbs (kg) D = ring diameter (12 in. or 305 mm) t = time for water to infiltrate in seconds Acceptable performance > 100 in./hr (2,500 mm/h) Plan to clean soon Figure 9. Weeds indicate sediment accumulation and lack of Clean immediately < 20 in./hr (500 mm/hr) surface cleaning to remove it.
Construction Committee - 43 ICPI Tech Spec 23 Page 4 Figure 10. Erosion of adjacent asphalt and sediment Figure 11. Ponding on PICP typically first occurs at the junction deposition on PICP. with impermeable pavement.
Figure 12. Steps in setting up test equipment for measuring surface infiltration using ASTM C1781.
place with water poured into it. a 3/8 in. (10 mm) head is maintained during the pour while ASTM C1781 test method begins with “pre-wetting” being timed with a stopwatch. The surface infiltration rate an area inside the ring to ensure the surface and materials is calculated using formulas in the test method. beneath are wet. This is done by slowing pouring 8 lbs (3.6 If infiltration measurements on ponded areas consistently kg) of water while not allowing the head of water on the result in rates below 20 in./hour (508 mm/hr), they require paver surface to exceed 3/8 in. (10 mm) depth. If the time immediate surface cleaning. PICP surfaces sloped over 2% to infiltrate 8 lbs of water is less than 30 seconds (using a with less than 40 in./hr infiltrate rate require immediate stopwatch typically on a cell phone), the subsequent test is surface cleaning. An infiltration rate of 20 in./hr equates to 30 done using 40 lbs (18 kg) of water. If more than 30 seconds, minutes’ infiltration time and 40 in./hr results in 15 minutes. then 8 lbs of water is used in the subsequent tests. Again, Table 1 further illustrates the relationship between time
Construction Committee - 44 ICPI Tech Spec 23 Page 5 aggregates remain in place while removing loose debris such as leaves from the surface. See Figure 15. Rotary Brush with Plastic Bristles—These are often used to spread jointing stone during construction. Same equip- ment can be used to clean surface to top of joints. Bristles can flip debris out of joints (depends on bristle reach into the joints). A small amount of aggregate may need to be replaced in the joints after using. See Figure 16. Wet/Dry Shop Vacuum or Walk-behind Vacuum—Use equipment with a minimum 4 (peak) HP motor with mini- mum 130 cubic feet (3.7 m3) per minute suction. These machines can remove some jointing aggregates so they may require replenishment. See Figures 17 and 18. Power Washer—This equipment should be capable of 1,400 to 1,800 psi (9.6 to 12.4 MPa) pressure. Apply the spray at a 30° angle approximately 18 to 24 in. (45 to 60 cm) from the surface and adjust as needed. This equipment will evacu- ate jointing aggregate and replenishment will be required. Power washing alone generally is not an optimal cleaning approach because there is almost no opportunity on most Figure 13. ASTM C1781: pouring the wanter into a 12 in. (300 sites to remove the water-suspended sediment before the mm) inside diameter ring set on plumber’s putty. water is absorbed back into the pavement. See Figure 19. for 40 lbs (18 kg) of water to infiltrate and the calculated Cleaning Large PICP Areas infiltration rate. ICPI offers a downloadable calculator for These are typically over 2,000 sf or 200 m2 such as large converting time of infiltration to infiltration rates when using plazas, long sidewalks and driveways, parking lots, alleys C1781. See www.icpi.org/software. and streets. Equipment options follow: Surface Infiltration Maintenance Types Street Sweepers—These typically have rotating plastic Routine and Restorative Maintenance—There are two bristle brushes positioned near the curb side and center approaches or service types for maintaining PICP surface pickup into a hopper at the rear. Do not use water as it infiltration: routine and restorative. Routine maintenance is slows removal of loose dirt into the machine. This machine done regularly to maintain infiltration. It removes most loose does provide a small vacuum force to manage dust, but the sediment and debris from the surface before being trapped cleaning action is provided by the mechanical sweeping, so and stuck in the jointing aggregates thereby causing clog- it is moderately effective among large machines for remov- ging. Routine maintenance may require reinstatement of a ing sediment in the joints. Bristles from the the main broom small amount of jointing stones or none at all. can reach into joints parallel to the direction of the broom rotation, but have little effect on the joints not aligned with Routine Maintenance Equipment Options for the broom rotation. See Figure 20. Maintaining Various Sized PICP Applications Regenerative Air Sweepers—Includes a box positioned Cleaning Small Pedestrian Areas and Driveways under the truck and on the pavement through which air is Theas are typically under 2,000 sf or 200 m2 and include blown and recirculated (hence the term regenerative air). patios, plazas, sidewalks, and driveways. Equipment The pavement must have no convex (or reverse) crown options follow: in order to create an adequate seal for suction in the box. Hand-held Bristle Broom— Sweep as needed to clear the Air pressure flowing through it picks up loose debris and surface clear of loose debris. See Figure 14. sediment. Rotating brushes can be used to direct dirt and debris toward the box. See Figure 21. Leaf Blower (electric or gas powered)—A minimum air speed of 120 mph (190 kph) is recommended. Jointing
Construction Committee - 45 ICPI Tech Spec 23 Page 6 Figure 14. Bristle broom for removing loose debris Figure 15. Blowing debris to curbs or gutters for removal and disposal.
Figure 16. Rotary brushes increase cleaning efficiencies.
Restorative Infiltration Maintenance for Large operator during a few test runs to find the setting that with- Clogged Surfaces draws the needed depth of sediment and jointing aggre- Restorative maintenance is conducted when sediment gate. After withdrawal, jointing aggregates will require has lodged in the jointing stones from traffic and weather. replenishment. The suction orifice is typically about a yard The condition indicates that the PICP surfaces have not (meter) wide and positioned on the curb side of the truck. been regularly cleaned. Restorative maintenance requires Extremely clogged surfaces will require two or more passes. some or complete removal of the jointing aggregates to Figure 22 shows this machine. It is often used by municipali- increase infiltration. The depth of jointing stone removed ties to clean out storm drain catch basins and may require a depends on the penetration depth of the sediment into separate vacuum attachment to clean pavements. the joints. This can be determined on a sample of a few High-power Washing and Vacuum Equipment—Figure 23 clogged joints (typically where ponding occurred) by pry- shows the equipment for restorative cleaning where water ing out stones and sediment with a flat head screwdriver is applied to help loosen sediment and stones in the joints. until little or no accumulated sediment appears. Figure 23 shows a vacuum that withdraws sediment and True Vacuum Sweepers—These can withdraw jointing stones immediately after applying water. The water and material and even the concrete pavers. Therefore, the vac- debris are drawn into a vac truck. uum engine revolutions must be adjusted by the machine
Construction Committee - 46 ICPI Tech Spec 23 Page 7 Figure 17. Wet/dry shop Figure 18. Walk-behind vacuum Figure 19. Power washing requires a little practice to vacuum cleans loose cleans a small parking area. minimize jointing stone removal. sediment from a PICP residential driveway
High Pressure Air/Vacuum—High pressure air is blasted Pavements. This study evaluated maintenance equipment into the joints and has been shown to be very effective for restoration of infiltration rates of PICP systems when at dislodging sediment and debris. A second step is then joints become severely clogged. The research was con- required to vacuum up the debris that is dislodged. In ducted at the Toronto & Region Conservation Authority’s Figure 24, the machine in the foreground blows debris Kortright Centre in Vaughn, Ontario. The research scope completely out of the joints and the second machine takes of work included the construction of seven 10 ft. by 10 up the debris into a vac truck similar to that used to clean ft. PICP partial infiltration test pads. The cells were care- catch basins. See Figure 24. As with all restorative cleaning fully clogged to a surface infiltration rate of ≤ 10 in/hr. The methods, clean jointing stone is spread and the empty sediment infill used to clog the system was regional street joints are filled. After removing excess stones from the cleaning sediments with a known particle size distribution. surface, the pavers with filled joints are compacted with Five different technologies were investigated: full vacuum a minimum 5,000 lbf (22 kN) vibratory plate compactor sweeper, regenerative air sweeper, dry mechanical sweep- operating at 75-90 Hz. See Figure 25. This helps settle the er, water pressure washing, and a hybrid high pressure air/ stones into the joints. Any joints were stones have settled vac system specifically designed for permeable pavement. should be filled with more stones within a 1/4 inch (5 mm) The objective of the study was to evaluate the effective- of the paver surfaces. ness of each method at restoring surface infiltration rates. The impact of cohesive soil sediment was also evaluated Maintenance Equipment Performance as part of the study. All cleaning technologies significantly In 2020, the University of Toronto completed a two year improve surface infiltration rates. However, the high pres- research project, Maintenance Equipment Testing on sure air-vac hybrid had the best and least variable results, Accelerated Clogged Permeable Interlocking Concrete and was the only technique able to fully restore surface infiltration rates. Joint penetration depth was generally a good indicator of restoration effectiveness, except if sedi- ment gradation varies. A complete copy of the report can be found at https://tinyurl.com/y67zhydz. Also in 2020 the United States Geological Survey Madison, WI office published results of a four year investigation on cleaning PICP, Assessment of Restorative Maintenance Practices on the Infiltration Capacity of Permeable Pavement Assessment of Restorative Maintenance Practices on the Infiltration Capacity of Permeable Pavement. Since 2014, this research site has collected water quality, temperature, Figure 20. This type of mechanical sweeper removes sediment infiltration rates, and surface flow data with three types of from joints parallel to the direction of the broom rotation. permeable pavement sections (pervious asphalt, porous
Construction Committee - 47 ICPI Tech Spec 23 Page 8 Figure 21. A regenerative air machine does routine cleaning in a PICP parking lot.
Figure 22. A true vacuum machine cleaning neglected PICP. concrete, and permeable interlocking concrete pavement). Inspection Intervals and Procedures for Contributory drainage from an adjacent parking lot provid- Maintaining Surface Infiltration ed an opportunity for accelerate clogging and collect data Routine maintenance provides the best infiltration per- for 9:1 and 5:1 drainage ratios. The following six pavement formance by implementing the following procedures: cleaning methods were evaluated over a 4-year period: 1. Weekly—Prevent contamination from routine land- manual cleaning with a masonry trowel; Leaf blower and scape maintenance such as grass clippings from mow- broom; true vacuum; water-enhanced vacuum; high pres- ing, hedge trimming, mulching plant beds, etc. by: sure air system; and pressure washer with soil vacuum. An • Broom sweep debris from the paver surface, or evaluation of the efficiency of each method was based on • Blow debris from the paver surface with a powered comparing surface infiltration rates, pre and post clean- leaf blower onto other surfaces that will not re- ing. Surface variability was high due to surface flow pat- transmit it to the PICP surface. terns across the permeable surfaces. All cleaning methods • Mechanically sweep paver surface. improved surface infiltration rates. PICP showed the great- • Remove loose debris, leaves, needles, sediment, top- est recovery compared to pervious concrete or pervious soil, mulch, etc. after severe rain storms using the asphalt. These systems were more difficult to maintain due above procedures. to sedimentation penetrating into the solid matrix related • Collect and dispose of debris. to the twisting of interconnected pores created during 2. Semi-annually—Remove loose surface debris from placement. Different cleaning methods produce different the pavers and jointing stones (1) when trees have results however, in all instances, when the same method defoliated in the fall and (2) at the end of winter snow- was applied, PICP showed the greatest recovery in infiltra- fall. tion capacity. At this particular site the majority of clogging • Use a wet/dry vacuum for small areas and a regenera- occurred within the top 1 inch. A complete copy of the tive air machine for larger areas. report can be found at https://tinyurl.com/yy9nhou8.
Construction Committee - 48 ICPI Tech Spec 23 Page 9 Figure 23. This equipment provides combined washing and Figure 24. This equipment blows sediment and soiled vacuum of unmaintained PICP. aggregate from the joints and uses vacuum equipment to remove them.
from chipping by snow plows. For smaller areas, use a plastic snow shovel and fit snow blowers with plastic on the scoops and on the gliders. When possible deposit plowed snow onto grassy areas and not on the PICP when the plowed snow is dirty. Such dirt will remain and likely help clog the PICP surface after the snow melts. Deicers—When used sparingly, deicers should not damage PICP surfaces as the brine typically forms on the surface to lower the freezing temperature of water and eventually moves into the joints with melting ice or snow. Some deic- Figure 25. No matter the equipment used, after removing ers will accelerate surface wear on some styles of pavers sediment soiled aggregate, clean aggregate is placed in the with blasted or hammered surfaces. joints, the surfaced cleaned and compacted. A 2020 University of Toronto study on pavement deic- ing operations quantified some significant winter safety • Replenish jointing stone as needed to the bottom of benefits when using PICP. Besides confirming that the use the paver chamfers. of permeable pavers can eliminate the occurrence of snow • Check any observation wells and outlet pipes from melt refreezing and forming black ice, snow and ice can also underdrains to confirm drain down and water outflows. melt and dry quicker when deicers are used on PICP. More 3. As needed—Based on observation and during rain- importantly, the research confirmed that a much lower storms and subsequent surface infiltration tests, deicing salt application rate is required on PICP compared remove and replenish the jointing stones and sediment to impervious asphalt, while still maintaining a high level using restorative cleaning equipment and procedures. Note: Various factors will affect each project’s routine mainte- nance schedule and each must be reviewed individually. Winter Maintenance Snow Removal—Unlike other permeable pavement sur- faces, PICP demonstrates durability in the winter. PICP can be plowed with steel or hard rubber blades. Steel blades typically scratch all pavement surfaces. When using com- mercial snow removal companies, confirm in writing they provide protective edges on the snowplow equipment to avoid scratching the surface. Most pavers have chamfers Figure 26. This is an example of snow that should have been deposited on a grassy area. If such areas are not available, then on their surface edges which can help protect the edges vacuum clean the PICP in the early spring.
Construction Committee - 49 ICPI Tech Spec 23 Page 10 Table 2. Maintenance guidelines for all PICP distresses Distress Activity Frequency
Schedule appropriate routine cleaning method based on site conditions. Utilize restoration cleaning methods as needed 1 to 2 times annually; adjust frequency Clogging when surface infiltration rates decrease based on sediment loading below project threshold. Hot spot cleaning may be appropriate.
Clogged/Damaged Clean out or repair secondary drainage Annually, after major rain event Secondary Features features.
Repair all paver surface depressions, Depressions Annually, repair as needed exceeding 0.5 in. (13 mm)
Repair all paver surface rutting, Rutting Annually, repair as needed exceeding 0.6 in. (15 mm)
Repair all paver surface faulting, Faulting Annually, repair as needed exceeding 0.25 in. (6 mm)
Replace medium to high severity Damage Paver Units Annually, repair as needed cracked, spalled or chipped paver units.
Repair pavers offset by more than 0.25 Edge Restraint in. (6 mm) from adjacent units or curbs, Annually, repair as needed Damage inlets, etc.
Repair pavers exhibiting joint widths Excessive Joint Width Annually, repair as needed exceeding 0.5 in. (13 mm)
Joint Filler Loss Replenish aggregate in joints. As needed
Repair areas exhibiting horizontal creep Horizontal Creep Annually, repair as needed exceeding 0.4 in. (10 mm)
For settlements greater than 1 in. consult a pavement engineer versed Excessive Settlement As needed. in OGA design and construction to determine cause and correction.
Missing pavers shall be replaced. Additional Distresses A geotechnical investigation is Annually, repair as needed recommended for pavement heaves.
of slip and skid resistance. The study also demonstrated environmentally damaging lakes and rivers. that PICP systems can attenuate and buffer the release of Deicer types acceptable for use in on PICP surfaces salt back into the environment, an important finding since include sodium chloride, calcium chloride and potassium there is concern about snowmelt and stormwater runoff chloride. Do not use magnesium chloride as it will eventu-
Construction Committee - 50 ICPI Tech Spec 23 Page 11 ally destroy all concrete materials. Anti-icing agents that lbf (22 kN) plate compactor. Fill joints with aggregate, contain ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate should sweep away excess, and compact the pavers in two not be used since they can also erode concrete. Always read perpendicular directions again. Compact pavers so and follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for use they are level with surrounding pavers. and heed all warnings and cautions. 11. Sweep surface clean and remove any excess aggre- gate and debris. Maintenance for Other Distresses Over time and traffic, PICP can exhibit other distresses Other recommendations include keeping all removed besides surface ponding from clogged joints. These are materials clean and free of sediment and debris. Minimize outlined in Table 2 and remedies are provided. excess debris from construction activities and equipment entering the permeable surface. Store all materials away Utility Restoration Guidelines from the permeable surface, otherwise separate materials 1. Remove and store pavers for reuse. Secure undisturbed from the permeable surface with geotextile. Pavement pavers in opening with wood or metal frame. cuts located parallel and close to the wheel path should 2. Remove and dispose of all jointing and bedding aggre- be extended to include the wheel path. Cuts located with- gate as they typically cannot be re-used. in 3 ft (1 m) of a curb or construction joint should include 3. Remove the aggregate base and subbase material. the removal of the adjacent base and subbase to the edge Incidental mixing of base and subbase aggregates is of the curb or construction joint. acceptable, but make every effort to separate them. Store in on impermeable pavement or a geotextile References to prevent contamination. Do not reuse contaminated Drake, et al. (2020), “De-icing Operations for Permeable aggregate. Interlocking Concrete Pavements”, University of Toronto, 4. Re-compact subgrade material as required for stability Dept. of Civil and Mineral Engineering during utility repairs. Danz, et al. (2020), “Assessment of Restorative Maintenance 5. Repair or install utility as required. Practices on the Infiltration Capacity of Permeable 6. If below the bottom of the subbase, place and compact Pavement”, U.S. Geological Survey, Middleton, WI dense-graded road base in lifts not exceeding 6 in. (150 mm) and compact to 100 percent of standard Proctor maximum dry density. The top of the dense-graded aggregate should be at the same elevation as the bot- tom of the open-graded subbase aggregate. Alternately flowable fill could be used to reestablish the subgrade surface. 7. Reinstate and compact the subbase aggregate in mini- mum 6 in. (150 mm) lifts. Use a minimum 13,500 (65 kN) plate compactor with a compaction indicator. Add new subbase aggregate if needed. 8. Reinstate and compact the base aggregate as one 4 in. 14801 Murdock Street Tel: 703.657.6900 (100 mm) lift. Use a minimum 13,500 lbf (65 kN) plate Suite 230 Fax: 703.657.6901 Chantilly, VA 20151 E-mail: [email protected] compactor with a compaction indicator. A lightweight www.icpi.org deflectomer (LWD) can be used to ensure that deflec- In Canada: tions of the compacted base aggregate are below an P.O. Box 1150 average of 0.5 mm (assuming a minimum 12 in. (300 Uxbridge, ON L9P 1N4 mm)) compacted aggregate subbase. An LWD should be Canada used according to ASTM E2835. The content of ICPI Tech Spec technical bulletins is intended for use only as a guide- 9. Place and screed new bedding aggregate in a consistent line. It is not intended for use or reliance upon as an industry standard, certification or as a specification. ICPI makes no promises, representations or warranties of any thickness layer between 1.5 and 2 in. (38 and 50 mm). kind, expressed or implied, as to the content of the Tech Spec Technical Bulletins 10. Reinstate pavers with at surface at least 1 in. (25 mm) and disclaims any liability for damages resulting from the use of Tech Spec Techni- cal Bulletins. Professional assistance should be sought with respect to the design, higher than the final elevation. Compact the pavers in specifications and construction of each project. two perpendicular directions with a minimum 5,000 BOD Approved: February 2020
Construction Committee - 51 ICPI Tech Spec 23 Page 12 Item 4b.1
RCS Data Task Group
Charge: To develop recommendations on the distribution of the RCS Exposure data including the use and distribution of the RCS Exposure Estimator.
Members: Carl Peterson, Chair, Nathan Angel, Chad Johnson, Ryan Taylor and Nino Nicolia
Conference call Tuesday June 2, 2020 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm
Members Present: Carl Peterson, Chair, Nathan Angel, Chad Johnson, Ryan Taylor, Robert Bowers Members Absent: Nino Nicolia
Discussion: • Report to Executive Committee
The task group plans to meet at the end of May by conference call to discuss how and to whom information related to the Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposure Estimator should be released to. Options include, 1) A simplified example of a typical exposure calculations with no referenceable data 2) A simplified example of a typical exposure calculations which includes referenceable data 3) The Excel based calculator with a simplified user interface 4) Other: ______The task group recognizes the data developed to date is based on a very limited amount information and will change from site to site and project. Disclaimers provided with the released information will be very important. It needs to be clearly presented that this tool is meant to identify risks and allow the risk to be managed. The final recommendations of the task group will be reviewed by legal counsel and returned to the Construction Committee for their review.
• Would like to distribute the Excel RCS Estimator but recognize the potential for liability • Could reduce liability by signing a disclaimer before receiving RCS estimator • Develop a 10 to 20 minute webinar on: framing the issue, potential fines, how to use the tool and its limitations • Limitations include: testing done in Raleigh NC, limited number of samples, limited materials, limited equipment • Estimator can provide guidance indicating if the work schedule is estimated to be well below limits near limits or above limits. Suggest using 3 o Actionable Limit (AL): 25 ug/m per 8 hr 3 o Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL): 50 ug/m per 8 hr o 0-20 Below AL o 20 to 30 Near AL o 30 to 40 Above AL, but below PEL o 40 to 55 Near PEL o 55 or greater Above PEL • Important for smaller contractors to be able to manage the risk RCS exposure represents.
Construction Committee - 52 • Include referral to get site specific testing on the form - occupational hygienists / testing kits.
Action Items: • Develop registration form with disclaimer and have legal counsel review. • Develop PPTX for video that the task group can review • Goal is to be able to release the calculator to contractors
Construction Committee - 53 Item 4b.2
ICPI Respirable Crystalline Silica Estimator Version 1.0 As a benefit of being an Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute (ICPI) contractor member, you can obtain a copy of the ICPI Respirable Crystalline Silica Estimator, hereinafter “RCS Estimator”, by completing and submitting this form to ICPI. The Excel based tool can be used by ICPI members to estimate the daily exposure of workers to Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) performing different tasks for specified periods. Using this tool will allow you to quickly evaluate different scenarios and estimate a worker’s possible exposure level to RCS. Administrative controls can then be developed to limit: 1) the tasks and 2) maximum time a worker can perform a task, so their exposure level meets management’s objectives and does not exceed the RCS exposure levels specified by the Occupational Healy and Safety Administration. The calculations are based on a set of reference test. Exposure levels are estimated for each task based on the reference exposure level for the task and the length of time that task is performed. Estimated total daily exposure is then calculated by adding up the estimated exposure from each task. The reference tests are based on a limited number of tests performed using specific tools and specific materials under a specific set of conditions. Tools, materials and conditions on your site may differ from the reference test, resulting in actual exposure levels that differ from the RCS Estimator results. Additionally, entering information into the RCS Estimator that does not accurately and/or completely represent tasks performed or their duration will yield results not representative of the actual exposure levels. In all cases, use of and reliance upon the results are at your own risk. The template will be updated periodically and made available to those contractor members who submit a new registration form. Maximize your benefits from ICPI. Obtain your copy today.
Company:
Address:
City: State/Province: Zip/Postal Code:
Phone: Fax:
E-mail:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BY COMPANY AND ICPI DISCLAIMER By signing below, you, the undersigned, acknowledge and agree to the following: 1. That you are authorized to sign on behalf of and bind the Company identified above; 2. The ICPI RCS Estimator is provided “AS IS” by Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute and the Company agrees that it shall fully comply with this Acknowledgement by Company and ICPI Disclaimer and attached Terms of Use. Use of and reliance upon the RCS Estimator is at all times at the Company’s sole risk. 3. That the Company warrants that it shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless ICPI, its officers, directors, employees, volunteers and authorized agents, and contractors from and against any and all third party claims, actions, causes of action, judgments, liabilities, damages or injuries to property or persons and expenses/costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and court costs, made or directed against ICPI and arising out of or resulting from the negligent acts, errors or omissions, intentional or willful misconduct, or failure of performance of the Company, its officers, directors, employees, or any subcontractor of the Company in the performance of services on any project or as a result of defects in materials used by the Company on any project, or arising out of or resulting from reliance upon information, documentation and representations made by the Company. ICPI
Construction Committee - 54 further disclaims any and all liability or responsibility to the Company or any third party for the Company’s use of and/or reliance upon the RCS Estimator or its results. 4. THAT ICPI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS, GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OF IMPLIED, AS TO THE SUITABILITY OF THE RCS ESTIMATOR AND ITS RESULTS AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY FOR ANY INJURIES TO PERSONS OR DAMAGES TO PROPERTY OR FOR MONETARY LOSSES, DAMAGES OR INJURIES OF ANY KIND OR NATURE SUSTAINED BY THE COMPANY OR A THIRD PARTY AND WHICH ARISE OUT OF OR RESULT FROM THE FAILURE OF PERFORMANCE OF SERVICES RENDERED BY THE COMPANY, OR FOR PRODUCTS USED BY THE COMPANY OR THE COMPANY’S OR ANY THIRD PARTY’S USE OF AND RELIANCE UPON THE RCS ESTIMATOR AND ITS RESULTS. 5. On behalf of the Company you further acknowledge your/its understanding and agreement that entering information into the RCS Estimator that does not accurately and/or completely represent task(s) performed or their duration will yield result(s) not representative of the actual exposure levels or inconsistent with the RCS Estimator.
Signature of Authorized Company Representative:
Printed Name: Date:
Email the scanned completed and signed form to [email protected] or fax to 703.657.6901. ICPI will send you an email which will include your template package.
Construction Committee - 55 Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute Terms of Use Policy
This policy applies to products provided by the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute, its officers, directors, employees, volunteers and authorized agents, and contractors (hereinafter ICPI) provided to you, your company, its officers, directors, employees, or any subcontractor of the company (hereinafter User). The product provided is subject to the Users compliance with the terms and conditions set forth below.
When a User takes delivery of any product provided by ICPI, the User accepts these conditions. Please read them carefully. In addition, when using any current or future ICPI product or service the User also will be subject to this policy. If these conditions are inconsistent with such guidelines and conditions, these guidelines and conditions will control.
COPYRIGHT Due to the nature of the products provided, they are Copyrighted and Intellectual Property of ICPI with many hours of research and years of time put into our finished products. All documents of copyrightable authorship, as well as the proprietary compilation of these documents, purchased or provided are the intellectual property and the exclusive copyright properties of ICPI once delivered, they shall not be shared with or used by anyone other than the User, or for any other purposes outside of their intended use. All content included, such as text, graphics, logos, button icons, images, audio clips, digital downloads, data compilations, and software, is the property of ICPI and protected by United States and international copyright laws.
TRADEMARKS The logos and service names are trademarks or registered trademarks of ICPI in the United States and/or other countries. The ICPI’s trademarks may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not the ICPI's, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits ICPI or without ICPI’s prior written permission. All other trademarks not owned by the IPCI or its affiliates are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by the ICPI or its affiliates.
LICENSE ICPI grants the User a limited, revocable, and nonexclusive license to access and make use of the product and not to modify or reverse engineer it, or any portion of it, except with prior and express written consent of the ICPI. This license does not include any resale or commercial use of the product; or any derivative use of the product. The product may not be reproduced, duplicated, altered, copied, sold, resold, distributed, exported or otherwise exploited for any commercial purpose without express written consent of ICPI. Any unauthorized use immediately terminates the permission or license granted by ICPI.
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY The User warrants that it shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless ICPI, its officers, directors, employees, volunteers and authorized agents, and contractors from and against any and all third party claims, actions, causes of action, judgments, liabilities, damages or injuries to property or persons and expenses/costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and court costs, made or directed against ICPI, its officers, directors, employees, volunteers, agents, and affiliated organizations and arising out of or resulting from the negligent acts, errors or omissions, intentional or willful misconduct, or failure of performance of the User, including the User’s company, its officers, directors, employees, or any subcontractor of the User in the performance of services on any project or as a result of defects in materials used by the User on any Construction Committee - 56 project, or arising out of or resulting from reliance upon information, documentation and representations made by the User. ICPI further disclaims any and all liability to the User or any third party for the User’s reliance upon or use of the product or its results.
THE PRODUCT IS MADE AVAILABLE BY ICPI “AS IS.” ICPI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OF IMPLIED, AS TO THE SUITABILITY OF THE PRODUCT AND ITS RESULTS AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY FOR ANY INJURIES TO PERSONS OR DAMAGES TO PROPERTY OR FOR MONETARY DAMAGES OR INJURIES OF ANY KIND OR NATURE SUSTAINED BY THE USER OR A THIRD PARTY AND WHICH ARISE OUT OF OR RESULT FROM THE FAILURE OF PERFORMANCE OF SERVICES RENDERED BY THE USER, OR FOR PRODUCTS USED BY THE USER OR RELIANCE UPON OR USE OF THE PRODUCT AND ITS RESULTS BY THE USER OR ANY THIRD PARTY.
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS When a User communicates with or sends e-mails to ICPI, they consent to receive communications from us electronically. ICPI will communicate with the User by e-mail or other methods. The User agrees that all agreements, notices, disclosures and other communications that ICPI provides to the User electronically, satisfy any legal requirement that such communications be in writing.
APPLICABLE LAW By using the product, the User agrees that the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, without regard to principles of conflict of laws, will govern this policy and any dispute of any sort that might arise between the User and ICPI, members or its affiliates.
DISPUTES Any dispute relating in any way to products shall be submitted to confidential arbitration in Fairfax County, Virginia, except that, to the extent the User has in any manner violated or threatened to violate ICPI’s intellectual property rights, ICPI may seek injunctive or other appropriate relief in any state or federal court of competent jurisdiction, and the User consents to exclusive jurisdiction and venue in such courts. Arbitration under this agreement shall be conducted under the rules then prevailing of the American Arbitration Association. The arbitrator's award may not include punitive damages (or any damages of a similar nature) and shall be binding and may be entered as a judgment in any court of competent jurisdiction. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, no arbitration under this Agreement shall be joined to an arbitration involving any other party subject to this Agreement, whether through class arbitration proceedings or otherwise.
MODIFICATION AND SEVERABILITY We reserve the right to make changes to our policies, and this Terms of Use Policy at any time. If any of these conditions shall be deemed invalid, void, or for any reason unenforceable, that condition shall be deemed severable and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining condition.
CONTACT US Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute 14801 Murdock Street, Suite 230 Chantilly VA 20151 (703) 657.6900
(Last modified: August 5, 2020)
Construction Committee - 57 Item 4b.3
Respirable Crystlaine Silica Estimator v0.1
Copyright 2020 Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute Sale, Distribution or Copying is Strictly Prohibited by ICPI
Instructions 1. Click on the RCS Estimator Tab. 2. Enter a title in cell B3. This could include workers name, role or iteration. 3. Enter the Shift Duration in minutes into cell B4. 4. Enter the time in minutes for each task that will be performed in column B and the row for the associated activity. If the task will not be performed, leave the cell blank or enter a 0. 5. If a respirator will be used during the task, enter the APF value in , column C and the row for the associated activity. 6. Ensure the Total Task Duration shown in cell B24 is equal to or less than the Shft Duration in cell B3. If this is not true, adjust the individual Task Durations or the Shift Duration.
Interpreting Results 1. Cell F24 shows the Total Respirable Crystaline Silica (RCS) exposure related to the Allowable Limit (AL). 2. Cell G24 shows the Total Respirable Crystaline Silica (RCS) exposure related to the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). 3. Cell J24 shows the Total Respirable Dust (RD) exposure related to the RD Limit . 4. In all cases these values should be equal to or less than 100%. 5. Tools, materials and conditions on your site may differ from the reference test, resulting in actual exposure levels that differ from the RCS Estimator results. It would be prudent to have the estimated exposure levels below 100% to account for these variations.
If you have questions about this tool please contact ICPI Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute Mail: 14801 Murdock Street, Suite 390, Chantilly VA 20151 Phone: 703.657.6900 Web: icpi.org Email: [email protected]
Construction Committee - 58 ICPI Respirable Crystaline Silica Estimator v0.1
Title Sample Project ‐ Crew member #1 ‐ Scenario A Shift Duration (min.) 480 (min.) RCS Alloawable Limits TWA (AL) 25 (ug/m3) RCS Premissable Exposure Limit TWA (PEL) 50 (ug/m3) Respirable Dust Limit TWA (RD) 5 (mg/m3)
Task Duration Respirator RCS TWA % RCS AL‐ %RCS PEL‐ RD‐TWA % RD ICPI Task Description (min) APF (ug/m3) TWA TWA (mg/m3) TWA Adding/Compacting Base 150 7.2 29% 14% 0.14 3% Screeding 60 1.5 6% 3% 0.02 0% Placing Pavers 135 3.1 12% 6% 0.03 1% Cutting Pavers‐ Table Saw Wet Cut 0.0 0% 0% 0.00 0% Cutting Pavers‐ Table Saw Dry Cut (with exhaust) IQ 360 0.0 0% 0% 0.00 0% Cutting Pavers‐ Table Saw Dry Cut (with exhaust) IQ 362 30 10 0.2 1% 0% 0.00 0% Cutting Pavers‐Quik‐Cut Water 0.0 0% 0% 0.00 0% Cutting Pavers‐Quik‐Cut Dry 0.0 0% 0% 0.00 0% Spreading Joint Sand 30 0.9 4% 2% 0.04 1% Compacting Pavers‐Compactor‐Metal Plate 0.0 0% 0% 0.00 0% Compacting Pavers‐Compactor‐Poly Pad 30 10 2.9 11% 6% 0.01 0% Compacting Pavers‐Compactor‐Roller 0.0 0% 0% 0.00 0% Clean Up‐Sweep and Scoop 30 2.8 11% 6% 0.03 1% Leaf Blower 15 2.5 10% 5% 0.01 0% Total Task Duration: 480.0 Total RCS 84% 42% Total RD 5% Exposure: Exposure:
Construction Committee - 59 Item 4c
ICP Maintenance Tech Spec
Task Group Charge: Develop a draft version of an ICP maintenance Tech Spec that considers residential and commercial applications.
Members: Andrew Vear, Chair, Frank Gandora, Chuck Taylor, Matt Moore and Jay Krech
ICPI Technical Staff has been discussing this and has developed the following plan to incorporate more ICP Maintenance information into the Tech Specs.
The current strategy is to incorporate the majority of the ICP maintenance information into Tech Spec 6 - Reinstatement of Interlocking Concrete Pavements and rename it Maintenance of Interlocking Concrete Pavement. This topic would be better as number 6 rather than number 26. The first 10 Tech Specs (except 8 on grids) deal mostly with ICP (and not specialty applications, PICP, or slabs) so it’s logical to keep basic ICP Tech Specs grouped together as much as possible.
Then Tech Spec 5 and 7 would receive some additional attention.
Tech Spec 5 – Cleaning Sealing and Joint Sand Stabilization would cover, • Cleaning and sealing new and maintenance of in-service paving • Managing efflorescence on in-service paving • Joint sand stabilization for new and in-service paving • Above subjects apply to residential and commercial applications. • Not much change needed.
Tech Spec 6 – Maintenance of Interlocking Concrete Pavement would apply to residential and commercial projects and cover, • Residential maladies (distresses) and remedies • Commercial/municipal pavement condition survey distresses (use attached ASTM E2840 as framework) • Pavement condition remedies (align repair methods with distresses) • Utility, base or subgrade repairs in residential and commercial projects • Reinstatement after (mostly current text with some residential guidance and examples added).
Tech Spec 7 - Repair of Utility Cuts in Plazas, Parking Lots and Streets Paved with Interlocking Concrete Pavements would be narrower in focus, aimed more the commercial and especially the municipal market. It can remain as is for now because it focuses on • utility cut repairs • costs by municipalities • More detail on the use of flowable fill which probably wouldn’t be used much in residential repair projects • add information from the PTS report funded by the Foundation. • Dave Hein’s work might have additional info. • TS 7 would be renamed to give it more of a commercial/municipal flavor.
Construction Committee - 60 Item 4d
Geofoam Base Task Group Notes
Task Group Charge To develop recommendations for the application and limits of using geofoam base for interlocking concrete pavement systems utilizing concrete pavers and slabs (including edge restraint, drainage, joint sand, etc.).
Members Matt Otero, Chair, Matt Moore, Carl Peterson and Jennifer Schaff
Suppliers Mike Huber, Alliance - Gatorbase Bruce Basehore, Techniseal – EZ Base
Conference call – Aug 4, 2020
Members present - Matt Otero, Chair, Matt Moore, Carl Peterson, Donny Duke, Robert Bowers
Discussion
• Still applications remain limited. • Several task group members are finding contractors in their area remain reluctant to use the technology. • Matt Moore - Gatorbase only • Matt Otero – EZ base only • Donny Duke – installed in two small projects – spent more in labor and materials that the anticipated cost savings. • Carl Peterson – installed in a townhouse application – has survived several freeze-thaw cycles. • Issues o Creating a level surface to install on o Lippage o Edge restrain anchorage o Reduced interlock from joint sand o Limited load carrying capacity • ICPI should provide basic installation instructions - limitations – “follow manufacturer’s recommendation” • Final recommendations will have to be somewhat brand specific • Residential pedestrian applications only • Needs to be dead level or units will rock and crack • Concerns about long term durability of edge restraint anchorage • ICPI will not endorse a specific product but will consider adding new practices and materials to its published best practices. • If technology is determined to be of benefit to the industry and distress remain at an acceptable level, the technology will be included in ICPI education programs and technical guides.
Action Items
Construction Committee - 61 • Have not received project specific reports as required by current policy • Each proponent will need to submit information on 10 projects • Each project will need to be constructed by a different contractor • Each project should represent a different geographical area • An ICPI Staff person or task group member must be able to visit during construction and each inspection for at least five of the sites. • Visits need to be scheduled for Construction, Year 1 Inspection, Year 2 Inspection and Year 3 Inspection. • Proponent needs to document construction practices and materials used for the project. • Each annual inspection needs to evaluate all recognized forms of interlocking concrete pavement distress. 1. Cracked or Broken Pavers 2. Depressions 3. Edge Restraint Movement 4. Heave / Faulting / Lippage 5. Horizontal Creep 6. Joint Sand Loss 7. Missing Pavers 8. Patches 9. Rutting 10. Variable / Excessive Joint Width • Reports for each project detailing construction and inspections need to be submitted to ICPI Construction Committee annually for evaluation. • Contact Bruce Basehore to get EZ Base sent to Matt Moore • Contact Mike Huber to get Gatorbase sent to Matt Otero.
Construction Committee - 62 Item 4e.1
PICP Construction Tolerance Guide Task Group
Task Group’s Charge: To develop a Construction Tolerance Guide for PICP.
Members: David Mudd, Chair, Fred Adams, Richard Bodie, Matt Otero and Gary Stowe
Staff developed a draft version of the PICP Construction Tolerance Guide using the existing ICP Construction Tolerance Guide as a template.
The document was circulated to task group members in May 2020 for their comments. These were incorporated into the draft and the final document circulated to the task group.
The task group request the Construction Committee recommend the attached “Recommended Construction Tolerances for Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements” be approved by the ICPI Board of Directors for publication.
Additionally, this will also be one of the first documents published based on the latest ICPI Branding Guidelines
Construction Committee - 63 Item 4e.2
Recommended Construction Tolerances for Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements
Permeable interlocking concrete pavements comprise a system of unique components providing durable pedestrian and vehicular surfaces in all climates. This document provides achievable construction tolerances that contribute to structural and hydrologic performance that support stormwater management objectives. Note: This guide does not apply to standard interlocking concrete pavements
Construction Committee - 64 The following are basic guidelines for permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) installations. Review related ICPI Tech Specs for specific details. These tolerances and recommendations are applicable to most PICP products, but allowances may be required for tumbled, embossed or other unique products. Consult manufacturer’s recommendations.
Minimum offsets Attribute ICPI recommendation Wells and surface water 100 ft. (30 m) Foundations 10 ft. (3 m) unless protected by waterproofing and underdrains Water table and bedrock 24 in. (600 mm)
Paver and bedding layer Attribute Tolerance (see page 4 detail) Paver joint width Min. 1/4 in. (6 mm) to max. 1/2 in. (13 mm) Paver surface flatness ±3/8 in. (10 mm) over a 10 ft. (3 m) straight edge (non cumulative) Lippage at catch basins/drains Min. 1/8 in. (3 mm) to max. 1/4 in. (6 mm) for ADA compliance or max. 3/8 in. (10 mm) for non-ADA Lippage between individual pavers Max. 1/8 in. (3 mm) Top of bedding surface variation ± 3/8 in. (10 mm) over 10 ft. (3 m) Attribute ICPI recommendation Paver aspect ratio (length : thickness) Max. 3:1 for streets, parking and driveways Max. 4:1 for pedestrian Paver thickness Min. 3 1/8 in. (80 mm) for streets, parking & driveways Min. 2 3/8 in. (60 mm) for pedestrian Bond lines Max. ±1/2 in. (13 mm) over a 50 ft. (16 m) taut stringline Surface Slope Typically 0% to max. 5% Cut pavers1 Min. 1/3 of full-size unit for vehicular application Min. 2 in. (50 mm) long for all other applications Paver laying pattern2 Acceptable for application Joint fill depth Max. depth of 1/4 in. (6 mm) measured from the bottom of the chamfer, or the top surface of the paver if no chamfer, at the time of final inspection Joint aggregate gradation Washed ASTM No. 8, 89 or 9 stone or CSA Group II 10-5 or 5-2.5 Coarse Aggregate Bedding layer thickness 2 in. (50 mm) nominal Bedding aggregate gradation Washed ASTM No. 8 stone or CSA Group II 10-5 Coarse Aggregate Infiltration rate Minimum 100 in./hr (2,540 mm/hr) at the time of final inspection per ASTM C1781
1 The contractor should have the discretion on making cuts less than 1/3 paver size. Sometimes it is not possible to adjust the cuts to less than 1/3 paver size without adjusting laying pattern, and sometimes it is not possible to adjust laying pattern with certain shapes. 2 Paving layer pattern: ICPI recommends herringbone laying patterns for all vehicular applications.
www.icpi.org Construction Committee2 - 65 [email protected] Base and subbase layer Attribute Tolerance (see page 4 detail) Top of base surface variation ± 1/2 in. (13 mm) over 10 ft. (3 m) Top of subbase surface variation ± 2 in. (50 mm) over 10 ft. (3 m) Attribute ICPI recommendation Base layer thickness 4 in. (100 mm) used in vehicular applications except residential drives Base aggregate gradation Washed ASTM No. 57 stone or CSA Group II 28-14 Coarse Aggregate Base thickness variation3 + 3/4 in. to -1/2 in. (+20 mm to –13 mm) Compaction Max. 0.5 mm deflection measured with LWD per ASTM E2835 Base Extensions Base Thickness Base Extension 12 in. (300 mm) or less 6 in. (150 mm) Greater than 12 in. (300 mm) 1/2 base thickness Subbase layer thickness4 Minimum 6 in. (150 mm) Subbase aggregate gradation Washed ASTM No. 2, 3 or 4 stone or CSA Group II 80-40, 56-28, 40-20 coarse aggregate Geosynthetics Geotextile, geocells, geogrids or geomembrane as specified
Subgrade Attribute ICPI recommendation Subgrade compaction As specified Subgrade slope 0% to 2% without check dams. 2% to 5% may require check dams. Greater than 5% requires check dams.
Edge restraint/curb Attribute ICPI recommendation No movement Firmly secured in place to resist anticipated loads Proper restraint Acceptable for application (see “Guide References” on reverse)
Site Details Surrounding Area Stabilize soil and prevent washing onto PICP Signage As specified
Maintenance Attribute ICPI recommendation Routine Maintenance To prevent clogging. See ICPI Tech Spec 23 on PICP Maintenance Restorative Maintenance Restore clogged surfaces. See ICPI Tech Spec 23 on PICP Maintenance Other Surface Distresses See ICPI Tech Spec 23 on PICP Maintenance
3 Base thickness variation: An example of an acceptable variation is 7 1/2 in. to 8 3/4 in. (190 to 220 mm) for an 8 in. (200 mm) required total base thickness. The surface of the excavated soil subgrade should have the same slope and contouring as the final surface profile. 4 Subbase thickness: Structural and hydrologic analysis may require thicker subbases for weaker soils or greater storage volumes.
www.icpi.org Construction Committee3 - 66 [email protected] Tolerance Measurement Guidance
Base Extension
Edge Restraint
Base Thickness
Base/Subbase JOINT WIDTH 1/4 TO 1/2 IN. (6 TO 13 MM) Joint widths are measured with a ruler Base extension is measured from the outside of the edge restraint from inside edge of paver to inside edge to the edge of the base/subbase paver between adjacent pavers
CHAMFER (TYP.) LIPPAGE SURFACE FLATNESS MAX. 1/8 IN. (3MM) 10 FT (3 M) LONG TOLERANCE MAX. STRAIGHT EDGE ±3/8 IN. (10MM), NON CUMULATIVE
Lippage is measured from the top of a paver Paver surface flatness and top of base surface variation are measured with to the top of the adjacent paver a straight edge for simple slopes and with a transit for complex contours
Guide References Specification and design references Base, subbase, bedding and joint aggregate ASCE 68-18 Design, Construction and Maintenance of Permeable references Interlocking Concrete Pavement ASTM D448 Standard Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road ICPI Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements (5th Edition): and Bridge Construction Design, Specifications, Construction, Maintenance (Note: Gradations in AASHTO M-43 Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Pavement system references Bridge Construction are identical to ASTM D448.) ASTM C936 Standard Specification for Solid Interlocking Concrete ASTM E2835 Standard Test Method for Measuring Deflections using Paving Units a Portable Impulse Plate Load Test Device ASTM C1781 Standard Test Method for Surface Infiltration Rate of CSA 23.1/23.2 Concrete materials and methods of concrete Permeable Unit Pavement Systems construction / Test methods and standard practices for concrete CSA A231.2 Precast Concrete Pavers Edge restraint references ICPI Tech Spec 1—Glossary of Terms for Segmental Concrete ICPI Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements (5th Edition): Pavement Design, Specifications, Construction, Maintenance ICPI Tech Spec 18—Construction of Permeable Interlocking Concrete Geosynthetics references Pavement AASHTO M-288—Standard Specification for Geosynthetic ICPI Tech Spec 23—Maintenance Guide for Permeable Interlocking Specification for Highway Applications Concrete Pavements Tech Spec 22—Geosynthetics for Segmental Concrete Pavements
www.icpi.org Construction Committee4 - 67 [email protected] Item 4f
PICP Specialist Course Video Task Group
Task Group’s Charge: To assist staff in the creation of a video to supplement the existing PICP Specialist course.
Members: David Mudd, Chair, Nathan Angel, Francois Bourque
Steve Jones from Pave Tech had a credit left with a video production company in Toronto and asked if ICPI could make use of it. That credit was used to go back to the site and capture some post-research video of the site and develop a standardized intro and outro that will be used for all ICPI videos from this point on.
Final draft of the videos were created and the task group members and staff provided comments for the final round of edits at the end of June.
Below are links to each of the videos created.
Section 1 – Introduction (Length 9:22) PICP 1: : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T637NSUNBXU
Section 2 – Job Planning (Length 7:40 PICP 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IP9_9BLwzK8
Section 3 – Site Flow and Estimating (Length 6:26) PICP 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_0YEcG6V3g
Section 4 – Site and Soil Characteristics (Length 5:13) PICP 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXRr0ACiIs8
Section 5, 6 and 7 – Everything Under the Pavers (Length 6:00) PICP 5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0C5lTIZk-0
Sections 8 and 9 – Paver Installation and Maintenance (Length 8:24)) PICP 6: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YKdVAT5tBE
These videos have been incorporated into the PICP Specialist course and used in all future courses.
Construction Committee - 68 Item 4g
Bituminous-sand Setting Bed Maximum Particle Size Task Group
Charge: To investigate a further increase to the maximum particle size for the bituminous setting bed.
Members: Ryan Taylor, Chair, Fred Adams, Bruce Basehore, Chad Johnson and Steve Jones
The Chair and staff communicated and feel there is limited support for this initiative. The discussion during the committee looked at increasing the maximum aggregate particle size in the setting bed to 3/4 inch or possibly 1 inch. This would create issues related to the porosity of the bedding surface and the application neoprene adhesive, uneven support of the pavers above, and increased bedding thickness required for compaction.
The Chair opted to start this discussion by email. After a few emails, the task group members agreed to keep the maximum recommended 3/8” (9 mm) maximum particle size.
The task group recommended keeping the gradation specified in Tech Spec 20 because this represents industry current best practice.
Construction Committee - 69 Item 4h
Traffic Calming Details Task Group
Task Group Charge: To develop traffic calming details using interlocking concrete pavement.
Members: Andrew Vear, Chair, Fred Adams and Chad Johnson
Staff has discussed the project with the task group chair. Hand drawn sketches are currently being created. These will be reviewed by both the task group and ICPI Technical staff.
Funding to convert hand drawn sketches into CAD details and the compile into a PDF manual was approved in the FY20 budget. However, the project has not moved far enough forward to start incurring these expenses.
Staff recommends that the task group continue working on the details and bring the project back at the Annual Meeting to consider funding for the FY22 budget.
Construction Committee - 70 Item 4i
Open-graded Bases with Standard Pavers Task Group
Task Group Charge: Review use of open-graded aggregate as bedding and base materials for interlocking concrete pavements.
Members: Frank Bourque, Chair, Phil Bahler, Richard Bodie and Matt Otero
Staff has worked with the task group and prepared an RFP which has been forwarded to Englobe, Stantec and Texas State University. During the Construction Committee’s Annual Meeting, the request to construct the sections in an environment that experiences freezing conditions in the winter rules out doing the tests with Texas State University in San Marcos TX. Staff has had several conversations with the remaining two engineering firms. In discussing the purpose of the project, it has been agreed that the project would be separated into two stages. The first phase would be to do a literature search on the state of practice for choke criteria for the aggregates being considered. The second phase would be to design sections that would test the stability of these types of systems, construct them, monitor their performance and report the results including recommendations.
Staff has also had discussions with the owners of Great North Hardscape Solutions, located in Cambridge ON, about allowing ICPI to conduct these tests on their premises and they are enthusiastic. The facility is 25 km away from one consulting firm’s office and 18 km away from the other. Ross Yantai’s Pavestone Plus has also expressed interest in doing the construction at cost and the facility is less than 50 km away from their shop.
Approximately $16, 000 was originally allocated to this project in the FY20 budget when it was just going to be evaluations of existing sites. An additional $25,000 was allocated in the FY21 budget, providing a total of $41,000 for the project. Staff is currently waiting to receive proposals from both consulting firms.
As mentioned previously, funding for this project is being reconsidered by the ICPI Board of Directors. There is interest in the Open-graded Base with Standard Sand Jointed Pavers Research topic at the ICPI Foundation Program Committee. If the ICPI Board removes this project from the FY21 budget, staff plans to bring this project to the Foundation to consider funding it. The Foundation Program Committee and Board of Trustees will meet in September to make that decision.
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Edge Restraint Task Group
Task Group Charge: Define requirements for edge restraints used with ICP including troweled concrete edge restraints. Members: Gary Stowe, Chair, Frank Gandora, Chad Johnson and Carl Peterson
Staff has worked with the task group and prepared an RFP which has been forwarded to Englobe, Stantec and Texas State University. In order to help reduce costs, if possible, the same firms working on the open-graded bases project would be hired to construct and monitor both projects during the same time frame in the same location. Staff has discussed the purpose of the project and setup for this project in detail with both Stantec and Englobe. Englobe appears to be enthusiastic about doing the work and Stantec does not based our discussions.
As note for the open graded project, Great North Hardscape Solutions has offered their premises to do the testing and Ross Yantzi’s Pavestone Plus has also expressed interest in doing the construction at cost. A total of $25,000 was allocated in the FY21 for the project. Staff is currently waiting to receive a proposal from Englobe.
As mentioned previously, funding for this project is being reconsidered by the ICPI Board of Directors. Staff will meet with the task group to see what further work can be done if funding is removed from the FY21 budget.
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ICPI Committees Topics of Interest to Contractor Members
Education Committee Activities Treavor Fern, Chair
• Revision to PICP Specialist Course (Fred Adams, Gary Stowe, Jay Krech) • Virtual HNA - Online education program January 2021 (Frank Bourque) • Job and Task Analysis - Focus Group November – Final Report by Annual Meeting (Donny Duke, Gary Stowe)
Marketing Nino Nicolia, Chair
• Promote certification to contractors and owners (Donny Duke) • New website launched (Steve Hawkins)
Technical Committee Activities Joe Kerrigan, Chair
• Developing test methods for pedestal set paving slabs (Chad Johnson) • Create an ASTM Stabilized joint sand still working on their task (Derek Schneider) • Need comments on performance and pictures of PICP with snow melt systems (David Smith, Robert Bowers)
Workforce Development Program Fred Adams, Chair
• Need a Vice Chair • Hybrid Boot Camp – classroom online – invite to hands-on labs (Donny Duke) • Need short video of installation practices - use cell phone - no more than 2 minutes, talk over if they want or we can do it - proper PPE (Merry Beth Hall, Robert Bowers) • Engage contractors with local Academic Instructors – internships, guest speaker, hands on assistance, connections to dealers/manufacturers. (Merry Beth Hall, Robert Bowers)
Construction Committee - 73 Item 6a
For more information:
Steven Hawkins
703.657.6898
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE April 8, 2020
Sales Continue to Increase Among Concrete Paver Contractors in 2019, Despite Significant Workforce Shortage
Chantilly, Va. – Gross sales for concrete paver contractors in the United States and Canada increased by 7.6% during 2019, while the number of contractors reporting difficulty in recruiting and hiring quality employees increased to 84.7%, according to a new report released by the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute (ICPI).
The 2020 ICPI Contractor Industry Report identified business trends from 191 segmental concrete pavement contractors. Respondents included ICPI members and non-members. Industry Insights of Columbus, Ohio conducted the study in January 2020 for ICPI.
“Contractors in the segmental concrete pavement industry continued to experience considerable growth in sales in 2019,” said Marshall Brown, PhD, ICPI Board Chair. “As in other construction trades, we continue to see a large shortage of skilled installers. That is why ICPI has launched a workforce development program to attract more people into the industry and better train the people who are already involved. We have developed a beginner boot camp program, as well as an online learning center, The Hardscape Institute.” Dr. Brown added, “Safety is key to keep our employees safe during the current epidemic and hope for a speedy recovery for our industry
Other key findings include: • The residential market remains the largest market segment representing 69.8% of sales, while commercial/government projects comprised 30.2% of sales (an increase of 2.9% from the previous year). • 78.4% require crew members to review and participate in a formal, documented, safety program which has shown annual increases over the last 5 years. • A 5.7% average wage/salary increase occurred in 2019, while a similar 5.1% average rise is forecasted for 2020.
The study also includes data on technologies contractors use to monitor and reduce exposure of crew members to respirable silica, as well as on company promotion and certification trends. Besides reporting overall data, results provide insight into the industry regarding gross sales, ICPI membership level, and number of employees during the construction season. The 79-page report is available for purchase at http://www.icpi.org/shop.
A supplemental survey was conducted between April 1st and 3rd to get a snapshot showing how the hardscape construction industry has responded to the recommendations and regulations being implemented to slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The supplemental report shows the state of hardscape construction operations, with 58% of respondents still running the full number of crews or slightly reduced and only 18% were completely shut down. The supplemental report also shows 22% of the hardscape project contracts were cancelled during the last half of March 2020. The supplemental report is available online. https://www.surveymonkey.com/results/SM-D37HM73M7/
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About Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute ICPI is the trade association representing the growing industry of segmental concrete pavement systems in the United States and Canada. The association’s membership includes producers, contractors, suppliers, design professionals, and distributors. ICPI is the authority for concrete pavers, which are universally recognized as the best value for pavement systems. The association delivers education and technical guidance leading to awareness, acceptance and use of segmental concrete pavement systems in the United States and Canada. For more information, visit www.icpi.org.
Construction Committee - 75 Item 6b
ICPI Contractor Safety Resources
Safety Manual Template To date 192 companies are using the Safety Manual template supplied by ICPI. As the supplier updates their manual, it is provided to us and we then make it available to members. ICPI tracks which edition companies are using and encourage them to upgrade to the latest edition.
ICPI Safety Manual Template 2020-08-07 Unique 2016 2018 2019 Renewal Company Edition Edition Edition Totals 192 91 102 84 85
The agreement with the OSHA Compliance Group Safety Manual Template expired at the end of 2019, but they have agreed to continue the program on a year to year basis, at the same annual fee of $1,000 per year.
Safety Meeting Outlines New packages are released at the beginning of each quarter and include 13 topics selected by members of the Construction Committee. Each package is available in three versions: U.S. English, U.S. Spanish and Canadian English. Release of new packages are promoted in Paver Express and are available on the ICPI website in the Members Only section.
The list of topics for FY21 was recently sent to the Construction Committee Members asking them to highlight the top 52 topics they would like to see included. Based on the top picks the topics will be broken into 4 packages and posted on the website. Currently staff is working on the web page where contractors would go to download the packages.
The agreement with the supplier, Construction Safety Services, has been extended June 30, 2023 at an annual rate of $359.99, which is the same rate agreed to in 2017.
Construction Committee - 76 Item 6c
Respirable Crystalline Silica Update
In February, just prior to the Annual Meeting, OSHA announced its “National Emphasis Program for Respirable Crystalline Silica”. A copy of the full directive is available online. https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL_03-00-023.pdf
The NEP targets specific industries expected to have the highest numbers of workers exposed to silica, and focuses on enforcement of the new silica standards, one for general industry and maritime (29 CFR § 1910.1053) and one for construction (29 CFR § 1926.1153).
In June this was followed up by their “Inspection Procedures for the Respirable Crystalline Silica Standards”. Details were provided in the article that appeared in Paver Express copied below.
OSHA Release Instruction for Inspection Procedures for the Respirable Crystalline Silica Standards In late June OSHA releases the documents as a follow up to their National Emphasis Program for Respirable Crystalline Silica.
This new Instruction establishes OSHA’s field inspection and enforcement procedures designed to ensure uniformity when addressing respirable crystalline silica exposures in the workplace. These two expanded health standards, one for construction (29 CFR § 1926.1153) and the other for general industry/maritime (29 CFR § 1910.1053), were published in the Federal Register on March 25, 2016, and became effective June 23, 2016.
The two new standards adopted a new permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 50 micrograms of respirable crystalline silica per cubic meter of air (μg/m³) as an 8-hour time-weighted average.
Construction industry employers were scheduled to be in compliance with all the standard’s provisions, except for methods of sample analysis, by June 23, 2017. However, on April 6, 2017, OSHA extended the initial compliance date to September 23, 2017. The compliance date for the methods of sample analysis requirements remained unchanged at June 23, 2018.
The Instruction provides further clarification of terms and further guidance for CSHO (Compliance Safety and Health Officer) when auditing an employer including checklists and a questionnaire for workers. Additional illustrative examples are also provided.
The full 124-page document is available here. https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/enforcement/directives/CPL_02-02-080.pdf
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