Dryocosmus Kuriphilus
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
CHESTNUT (CASTANEA Spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION for COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION
CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE By Ana Maria Metaxas Approved: James Hill Craddock Jennifer Boyd Professor of Biological Sciences Assistant Professor of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Director of Thesis) (Committee Member) Gregory Reighard Jeffery Elwell Professor of Horticulture Dean, College of Arts and Sciences (Committee Member) A. Jerald Ainsworth Dean of the Graduate School CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE by Ana Maria Metaxas A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science May 2013 ii ABSTRACT Chestnut cultivars were evaluated for their commercial applicability under the environmental conditions in Hamilton County, TN at 35°13ꞌ 45ꞌꞌ N 85° 00ꞌ 03.97ꞌꞌ W elevation 230 meters. In 2003 and 2004, 534 trees were planted, representing 64 different cultivars, varieties, and species. Twenty trees from each of 20 different cultivars were planted as five-tree plots in a randomized complete block design in four blocks of 100 trees each, amounting to 400 trees. The remaining 44 chestnut cultivars, varieties, and species served as a germplasm collection. These were planted in guard rows surrounding the four blocks in completely randomized, single-tree plots. In the analysis, we investigated our collection predominantly with the aim to: 1) discover the degree of acclimation of grower- recommended cultivars to southeastern Tennessee climatic conditions and 2) ascertain the cultivars’ ability to survive in the area with Cryphonectria parasitica and other chestnut diseases and pests present. -
Chestnut Gall Wasp ( Dryocosmus Kuriphilus )
New Disease Reports (2011) 23, 35. [doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2011.023.035] Chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) infestations: new opportunities for the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica? S. Prospero* and B. Forster Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland *E-mail: [email protected] Received: 08 Mar 2011. Published: 30 Jun 2011. Keywords: invasive organisms, interactions, Castanea sativa The invasive chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Cynipidae) is one eventually spreading into the adjacent twig, inducing the formation of of the most important insect pests on Castanea species worldwide (EPPO, cankers. More detailed information on the incidence of chestnut blight on 2005). In 2009, D. kuriphilus was found for the first time in southern twigs with galls would be helpful for better estimating the ecological Switzerland, most likely an invasion from nearby Italy (Forster et al., effects of the interaction between these two invasive organisms. 2009). In summer 2010, in a five hectare chestnut orchard near Stabio, a twig dieback was observed in the crown of trees heavily infested with last Acknowledgements season's D. kuriphilus galls (Fig. 1). This orchard showed one of the The authors would like to thank Esther Jung for conducting the laboratory heaviest gall infestations in Switzerland. In spring 2010, more than 40% of analyses and Daniel Rigling and Ursula Heiniger for critically reading the the buds were infested with galls. An inspection after leaf fall revealed that manuscript. young twigs (i.e. twigs formed in the current year or in the previous year) with galls were more likely to have symptoms of chestnut blight, caused References by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Diaporthales, Ascomycota). -
Calameuta Konow 1896 Trachelastatus Morice and Durrant 1915 Syn
105 NOMINA INSECTA NEARCTICA Calameuta Konow 1896 Trachelastatus Morice and Durrant 1915 Syn. Monoplopus Konow 1896 Syn. Neateuchopus Benson 1935 Syn. Haplocephus Benson 1935 Syn. Microcephus Benson 1935 Syn. Calameuta clavata Norton 1869 (Phylloecus) Trachelus tabidus Fabricius 1775 (Sirex) Sirex macilentus Fabricius 1793 Syn. Cephus Latreille 1802 Cephus mandibularis Lepeletier 1823 Syn. Astatus Jurine 1801 Unav. Cephus nigritus Lepeletier 1823 Syn. Perinistilus Ghigi 1904 Syn. Cephus vittatus Costa 1878 Syn. Peronistilomorphus Pic 1916 Syn. Calamenta [sic] johnsoni Ashmead 1900 Syn. Fossulocephus Pic 1917 Syn. Pseudocephus Dovnar-Zapolskii 1931 Syn. Cephus cinctus Norton 1872 (Cephus) CERAPHRONIDAE Cephus occidentalis Riley and Marlatt 1891 Syn. Cephus graenicheri Ashmead 1898 Syn. Cephus pygmaeus Linnaeus 1766 (Sirex) Tenthredo longicornis Geoffroy 1785 Syn. Aphanogmus Thomson 1858 Tenthredo polygona Gmelin 1790 Syn. Banchus spinipes Panzer 1801 Syn. Aphanogmus bicolor Ashmead 1893 (Aphanogmus) Astatus floralis Klug 1803 Syn. Aphanogmus claviger Kieffer 1907 Syn. Banchus viridator Fabricius 1804 Syn. Ceraphron reitteri Kieffer 1907 Syn. Cephus subcylindricus Gravenhorst 1807 Syn. Aphanogmus canadensis Whittaker 1930 (Aphanogmus) Cephus leskii Lepeletier 1823 Syn. Aphanogmus dorsalis Whittaker 1930 (Aphanogmus) Cephus atripes Stephens 1835 Syn. Aphanogmus floridanus Ashmead 1893 (Aphanogmus) Cephus flavisternus Costa 1882 Syn. Aphanogmus fulmeki Szelenyi 1940 (Aphanogmus) Cephus clypealis Costa 1894 Syn. Aphanogmus parvulus Roberti 1954 Syn. Cephus notatus Kokujev 1910 Syn. Aphanogmus fumipennis Thomson 1858 (Aphanogmus) Cephus tanaiticus Dovnar-Zapolskii 1926 Syn. Aphanogmus grenadensis Ashmead 1896 Syn. Aphanogmus formicarius Kieffer 1905 Syn. Hartigia Schiodte 1838 Ceraphron formicarum Kieffer 1907 Syn. Cerobractus Costa 1860 Syn. Aphanogmus clavatus Kieffer 1907 Syn. Macrocephus Schlechtendal 1878 Syn. Cerphron armatus Kieffer 1907 Syn. Cephosoma Gradl 1881 Syn. -
Chestnut Growers Urged to Implement Quarantine for Chestnut Gall Wasp
Vol. 18 No. 4 Published by Chestnut Growers of America, Inc. Fall 2017 Chestnut Growers Urged to Implement Quarantine for Chestnut Gall Wasp By Michelle Warmund, Ph.D., University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry; Tom Green, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Western Illinois University; Tom Wahl, Red Fern Farms; Kathy Dice, Red Fern Farms; and Jim Dallmeyer, Thistle Creek Orchard he chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosumus 40 days and the larvae remain dormant Indeed, this pest was first introduced to Tkuriphilus Yasumatsu, is a tiny, gnat- until the following spring, when galls are the US on scion wood. Dispersal by flight sized, non-stinging insect that causes formed. With bud break, larvae induce is eclipsed by human transport. A serious galls in chestnut trees. These galls retard gall formation on developing plant tissues. source of propagation comes from home plant growth and flowering and can kill Larvae feed on the inner gall tissue for 20 owners who plant chestnuts in their yards branches. Severe infestations can kill trees. to 30 days before pupating. Adult wasps and hunters who plant them in woods to After the adult insects emerge, the dried, emerge from the galls in late May and attract deer. While commercial orchards blackened galls become woody and can early June. Beyond the gall clusters of dead may be fairly far apart, these alternate persist on older limbs for several years. leaves form. Called flags, these are easily growers provide additional “stepping Older, slower growing trees are more visible, making location of galls quickly stones” for the spread of the CGW. vulnerable. -
The Beat Sheet
Subscribe Past Issues Translate RSS View this email in your browser The Beat Sheet Newsletter of the Frost Entomological Museum Fall 2020 Note: Our public museum is still closed due to COVID-19 safety precautions and Penn State regulations. We will let you know when we receive more information. Thank you for your patience! New Species Discovery? Oak gall wasps (Cynipoidea) have been the dominant research interest of Frost personnel over the past few months. Through regular monitoring of local oak populations, we've found some truly striking galls and made surprising observations along the way. Most exciting, perhaps, is that there seem to be 3 gall inquilines that have been reared from Philonix nigra and Callirhytis favosa galls that do not key to any known species nor do they match any known species descriptions. Perhaps they are new to science! We still need to verify this result with a comprehensive look at their morphology and by sequencing their DNA, but the project already is yielding exciting discoveries. Above: Gall created by Philonix nigra (left) and Callirhytis favosa (right) that unknown inquilines were reared from. Guide to the Gall Wasps of the Eastern US — Coming soon! Museum Director Andy Deans has taken sabbatical this fall to devote time and energy into developing a resource that will serve as a guide to oak galls wasps of the Eastern US. The current sources, mainly books by Ephraim Felt (1940) and Weld (1959), need a lot of updating and a better, more field guide-like layout. He’s compiling species’s natural history data, including seasonal phenology, host use, gall characteristics, and differences in biology and behavior of the alternating generations where they occur. -
A New Species of Andricus Hartig Oak Gall Wasp from Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)
NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 10 (1): 122-127 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2014 Article No.: 131209 http://biozoojournals.ro/nwjz/index.html A new species of Andricus Hartig oak gall wasp from Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) Serdar DINC1, Serap MUTUN1 and George MELIKA2,* 1. Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Science & Arts, Department of Biology, 14280, Bolu, Turkey. E-mail’s: [email protected] (for Serap Mutun), [email protected] (for Serdar Dinc) 2. Laboratory of Plant Pest Diagnosis, National Food Chain Safety Office, Directorate of Plant Protection, Soil Conservation and Agri-environment, Budaörsi str. 141-145, Budapest 1118, Hungary *Corresponding author, G. Melika; E-mail: [email protected] Received: 29. September 2012 / Accepted: 15. February 2013 / Available online: 26. December 2013 / Printed: June 2014 Abstract. A new species of oak gall wasp, Andricus shuhuti (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) is described from Turkey. This species is known only from asexual females and induces galls on the twigs and young shoots of Quercus vulcanica and Q. infectoria. Data on the diagnosis, distribution and biology of the new species are given. Key words: Cynipini, Andricus, taxonomy, Turkey, distribution, new species. Introduction Materials and Methods Only a few records on Cynipidae from Turkey Galls were collected in Turkey in July–September 2011– 2012 from shoots of Q. vulcanica and Q. infectoria. Galls were listed in the reference work by Dalla-Torre were reared under laboratory conditions and emerging and Kieffer (1910). Later studies subsequently wasps were preserved in 95% ethanol. added new species to the cynipid fauna of Turkey: The terminology used to describe gall wasp mor- Karaca (1956) listed 21, Baş (1973) - 34, Kıyak et al. -
Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility)
Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 39321 June 2008 PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility) Prepared by: ANZDEC Limited Australia For Shaanxi Province Development and Reform Commission This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. FINAL REPORT SHAANXI QINLING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PREPARED FOR Shaanxi Provincial Government And the Asian Development Bank ANZDEC LIMITED September 2007 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as at 1 June 2007) Currency Unit – Chinese Yuan {CNY}1.00 = US $0.1308 $1.00 = CNY 7.64 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BAP – Biodiversity Action Plan (of the PRC Government) CAS – Chinese Academy of Sciences CASS – Chinese Academy of Social Sciences CBD – Convention on Biological Diversity CBRC – China Bank Regulatory Commission CDA - Conservation Demonstration Area CNY – Chinese Yuan CO – company CPF – country programming framework CTF – Conservation Trust Fund EA – Executing Agency EFCAs – Ecosystem Function Conservation Areas EIRR – economic internal rate of return EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau EU – European Union FIRR – financial internal rate of return FDI – Foreign Direct Investment FYP – Five-Year Plan FS – Feasibility -
Torymus Sinensis Against the Chestnut Gall Wasp Dryocosmus Kuriphilus in the Canton Ticino, Switzerland
| January 2011 Evaluating the use of Torymus sinensis against the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus in the Canton Ticino, Switzerland Authors Aebi Alexandre, Agroscope ART Schoenenberger Nicola, Tulum SA and Bigler Franz, Agroscope ART Torymus sinensis against the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus | January 2011 1 Zürich/Caslano, January 2011 Authors’ affiliation: Alexandre Aebi and Franz Bigler Nicola Schoenenberger Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon TULUM SA Research Station ART Via Rompada 40 Biosafety 6987 Caslano Reckenholzstrasse 191 Switzerland 8046 Zürich Tel: +41 91 606 6373 Switzerland Fax: +41 44 606 6376 Tel: +41 44 377 7669 [email protected] Fax: +41 44 377 7201 [email protected] This work was financed by the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) This work was done in collaboration with B. Bellosi and E. Schaltegger (TULUM SA) Cover figure: Empty chestnut gall in Stabio, February 2010 (Picture:TULUM SA) All maps used in figures and appendices (except Fig. 6): ©swisstopo, license number: DV053809.1 Map in figure 6: © Istituto Geografico, De Agostini 1982–1988 ISBN 978-3-905733-20-4 © 2010 ART 2 Torymus sinensis against the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus | January 2011 Table of contents Table of contents Abstract 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Mission and methods 7 3. Presence and degree of infestation of Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Switzerland 9 4. Invasion corridors of Dryocosmus kuriphilus towards Switzerland 11 5. Potential economic and ecological damage caused by Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Switzerland 14 6. Release of the parasitoid Torymus sinensis in the Piedmont Region, Italy 17 7. Potential benefits and damage due to the release of Torymus sinensis 18 8. -
Invasion by the Chestnut Gall Wasp in Italy Causes Significant Yield Loss In
Agricultural and Forest Entomology (2014), 16,75–79 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12036 Invasion by the chestnut gall wasp in Italy causes significant yield loss in Castanea sativa nut production ∗ ∗ ∗ Andrea Battisti , Isadora Benvegnu` †, Fernanda Colombari and Robert A. Haack‡ ∗Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy, †Veneto Agricoltura, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy, and ‡USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1407 South Harrison Road, East Lansing, MI, 48823, U.S.A. Abstract 1 The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) is an invasive species in chestnut forests and orchards in many parts of the world. 2 Nuts produced by the European chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) are important in human food and culture, and as a component in food webs in forest ecosystems. 3 Severe infestations are reported to reduce nut yield, although precise data are lacking because of large natural year-to-year variability in yield. 4 The recent colonization of chestnut orchards in north-eastern Italy, where nut yield has been continuously and precisely recorded for several years, offered an opportunity to calculate the impact of gall wasp infestation level on yield. 5 The nut yield of C. sativa chestnut trees was negatively related to the gall wasp infestation level, with losses as high as 80% being reported when the number of current-year galls was above six galls per 50-cm twig. 6 Yield losses can be explained by direct and indirect factors related to gall formation, and a fuller understanding of the mechanisms involved could identify possible mitigation measures. -
Type of the Paper (Article
Review Biotic Factors Affecting Ecosystem Services in Urban and Peri-Urban Forests in Italy: The Role of Introduced and Impending Pathogens and Pests Salvatore Moricca *, Matteo Bracalini, Francesco Croci, Sara Corsinovi, Riziero Tiberi, Alessandro Ragazzi and Tiziana Panzavolta Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Plant Pathology and Entomology Division, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (F.C.); [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (R.T.); [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (T.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-055-275-5864 Received: 29 November 2017; Accepted: 19 January 2018; Published: 26 January 2018 Abstract: The present-day phytosanitary disasters caused by biological invasions are afflicting urban and peri-urban forest stands worldwide, as well as the varied services they normally provide. In Europe, we are witnessing an alarming situation due to an increasing introduction of infectious diseases and pests. The authors present an up-to-date list of alien microbial pathogens and insect pests affecting urban greening that have been accidentally imported in Italy or that are likely to be introduced. Information about the biology, epidemiology, ethology, and control of these invasive organisms is provided. For each species, the current geographical distribution, including newly- colonized areas, is also given, as well as the chronological progression of its occurrence. Particular detail is used for describing symptoms—the key diagnostic elements for appropriate and timely phytosanitary management. This paper will benefit urban forest management, which is a crucial factor in maintaining the social and ecological viability of urban green spaces, as well as ecosystem services. -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G. Phd, Mphil, Dclinpsychol) at the University of Edinburgh
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Interaction of European Chalcidoid Parasitoids with the Invasive Chestnut Gall Wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Julja Ernst Submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh College of Science and Engineering School of Biological Science 2017 ii Declaration The work contained within this thesis has been composed by myself and is my own work unless otherwise stated. Aspects of this work were made possible by collaboration and data sharing with individuals and institutions presented here. Italy Data for D. kuriphilus and its parasitoid associates were made available by: The department of exploitation and protection of agricultural and forestry resources (DIVAPRA) in Turin (Italy). Prof. Alberto Alma, Dr. Ambra Quacchia and Dr. Chiara Ferrancini provided data from the North and Centre of Italy and suggested field sites for gall collections. -
Endemic Parasitoids of Dryocosmus Kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cinipidae) in Central Italy
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Unitus DSpace Endemic Parasitoids of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cinipidae) in Central Italy S. Speranza, M. Stacchiotti and B. Paparattia Plant Protection Department University of Tuscia Via S. Camillo de Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo Italy Keywords: chestnut gall wasp, biological control, natural enemies Abstract The presence of chestnut gall wasp was reported for the first time in Northern Italy in 2002 and has subsequently spread rapidly in Central and Southern Italy. Knowing the harmfulness of this wasp for chestnut growing, we considered essential to inquire the cohort of parasitoids of this new insect for the Italian fauna. This research reports on preliminary results obtained in 2007 on the D. kuriphilus parasitoids in Central Italy. In particular, eight parasitoids species have been found: two Euritomidae [Sycophila biguttata (Swederus) Eurytoma brunniventris (Ratzeburg)], one Pteromalidae [Mosopolobus sericeus (Forster)], three Torymidae [Torymus flavipes (Walker), T. erucarum (Schrank), Megastigmus dorsalis (Fabricius)], one Eupelmidae [Eupelmus urozonus (Dalaman)] and one Ormyridae [Ormyrus pomaceus (Geoffroy)]. We report for the first time the presence of the Torymus erucarum as parasitoid of D. kuriphilus. INTRODUCTION The chestnut gall wasp has been reported for the first time in northern Italy in 2002 (Brussino et al., 2002), it has spread rapidly in Central (Paparatti et al., 2005) and Southern Italy. Dryocosmus kuriphilus has thus become the key insect pest for the chestnut orchards in Italy and Europe. The chemical control is very hard to achieve due to the complexity of the biology of such insect.