Novel Method for Radiation Shielding Using Nano-Concrete Composite
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Design and Uses of Prestressed Concrete Columns by Raymond Itaya*
PROCEEDINGS PAPER Design and Uses of Prestressed Concrete Columns by Raymond Itaya* SYNOPSIS At the present time, criteria for the design of prestressed concrete columns are not included in the PCI Building Code Requirements nor the ACI Build- ing Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete. The PCI Prestressed Con- crete Column Committee has been studying the behavior of prestressed concrete columns for nearly two years. This paper attempts to summarize the knowledge to date and outline an approach to the design of prestressed concrete columns. INTRODUCTION cant when bending predominates9 Since columns are generally con- (Fig. 1) . Prestressing yields a homo- sidered as members under compres- geneous member with reliable buck- sion, it might first appear that there ling capacity which is important for is no justification for putting com- slender columns. For precast col- pression into the concrete by pre- umns subjected to transportation and stressing. Upon closer examination, erection stresses, prestressing sup- however, columns are very often sub- plies a higher resistance to cracking jected to tensile stresses when bend- during handling. It is therefore clear ing moments due to wind and earth- that prestressed concrete columns quake forces, eccentric loads, or will be found useful under many frame action are applied to columns. conditions. Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate Prestressing columns then can be the use of such columns where con- considered as an extension of ordi- ventional reinforced columns would nary reinforced concrete columns have been uneconomical, if not im- where reinforcing steel is used to possible. Several possible types of pre- resist tension. Prestressing introduces additional stressed concrete columns should be advantages to concrete columns. -
Prestressed Concrete Girders Achieve Record Lengths Tacoma, Washington
THE CONCRETE BRIDGE MAGAZINE FALL 2019 www.aspirebridge.org WSDOT inspects 223-ft-long, 247-kip lightweight concrete girder Prestressed Concrete Girders Achieve Record Lengths Tacoma, Washington BRIDGES OF THE FOOTHILLS PARKWAY Great Smoky Mountains National Park DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER VETERANS MEMORIAL BRIDGE Anderson, Indiana MARC BASNIGHT BRIDGE Dare County, North Carolina COURTLAND STREET BRIDGE Atlanta, Georgia Permit No. 567 No. Permit Lebanon Junction, KY Junction, Lebanon Postage Paid Postage Presorted Standard Presorted OVER NEW I-35W BRIDGE I-91 BRATTLEBORO BRIDGE MINNESOTA 40 VERMONT YEARS PENOBSCOT NARROWS BRIDGE & OBSERVATORY HONOLULU RAIL TRANSIT PROJECT MAINE HAWAII 4TH STREET BRIDGE COLORADO AIRTRAIN JFK 410 NEW YORK SARAH MILDRED LONG BRIDGE MAINE/NEW HAMPSHIRE AWARDS FOR OUR CUSTOMERS ACROSS THE UNITED STATES I-280 VETERANS’ GLASS CITY SKYWAY VICTORY BRIDGE OHIO NEW JERSEY DAUPHIN ISLAND BRIDGE ALABAMA FOUR BEARS BRIDGE Creating Bridges As Art® NORTH DAKOTA www.figgbridge.com | 1 800 358 3444 NEW WINONA BRIDGE MINNESOTA VETERANS MEMORIAL BRIDGE TEXAS US 191 COLORADO RIVER BRIDGE I-76 ALLEGHENY RIVER BRIDGE UTAH PENNSYLVANIA I-275 SUNSHINE SKYWAY BRIDGE BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY VIADUCT FLORIDA NORTH CAROLINA SENATOR WILLIAM V. ROTH, JR. BRIDGE NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY ARCHES SOUTH NORFOLK JORDAN BRIDGE DELAWARE TENNESSEE VIRGINIA CONTENTS Features “A Shot in the Arm” 6 Armeni Consulting Services helps many clients address 10 estimating and scheduling challenges as the array of delivery and construction methods grows. Bridges of the Foothills Parkway 10 Dwight D. Eisenhower Veterans Memorial Bridge 14 Marc Basnight Bridge 18 Courtland Street Bridge 24 Departments Photo: Eastern Federal Lands Highway Division of the Federal Highway Administration. -
Strength Properties of Meta Kaolin & Fly Ash Plane
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 09 | Dec-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF META KAOLIN & FLY ASH PLANE CEMENT CONCRETE Dr. Rajamanya V. S.1, Kulkarni N. K.2 1 Professor & HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, MBES College of Engineering, Ambajogai, Maharashtra,India 2 Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, MBES College of Engineering, Ambajogai, Maharashtra,India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The present report deals with the effects of the use of Natural Pozzolans like Meta kaolin as a possible mineral admixtures, by partial replacement of cement, partial replacement for cement. Amongst the various in terms of improved performance on compressive and methods used to improve the durability of concrete, and to flexural strengths.Experimental work was carried out achieve high performance concrete, the use of Meta kaolin to investigate the effect of Meta kaolin and Fly ash by is a relatively new approach. Meta kaolin, or heat-treated partial replacing cement and keeping same water clay, may be used as a Supplementary Cementations cement ratio to ordinary concrete & meta kaolin and fly Material in concrete to reduce cement consumption, to ash. In this program we are going to construct 48 cube increase strength. Meta kaolin reduces the porosity of samples of size 150mmx150mmx150mm for different concrete. Plain concrete possesses a very low tensile percentages of Meta kaolin and Fly ash with partial strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. replacement of cement will casted and tested. The Concrete is one of the most common materials used in the concrete mixes had 0%,5%,10%,15% of Fly ash and construction industry. -
Thermal Properties of Conventional and High-Strength Concrete
MATEC Web of Conferences 245, 06005 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824506005 EECE-2018 Thermal Properties of Conventional and High- strength Concrete Tatiana Musorina1,*, Alexsander Katcay1, Mikhail Petrichenko1 and Anna Selezneva1 1Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation Abstract. Important characteristics for the Nordic countries: a freeze-thaw resistance and an ability of a material to keep heat inside the building. This paper aims to define the thermophysical properties of a high-strength concrete, compare the discovered performance with the conventional concrete properties. With this object in mind two experiments in cold chamber "CHALLENGE 250" have been conducted and followed by analysis. In these experiments, the insulation of facades is beyond the framework of the investigation. Only the thermophysical properties of concrete are taken into account. The samples were affected by temperature fluctuations. Results from the experiments show that strength characteristics of a material are in indirect ratio to accumulation properties of a structure. This conclusion is directly related to porosity of material and additives. During 70 minutes, with outside temperature being below zero, the temperature inside the concrete dropped to an average. As the outside temperature increases significantly to more than zero, the temperature inside the concrete has become below average (continued to decline) in 70 minutes. The more strength of material, the better thermophysical properties. High- strength concrete is less susceptible to temperature fluctuations, therefore more heat-resistant. As mentioned in the paper below, the material has one disadvantage: this is a large cost per cubic meter. 1 Introduction The application of a high grade concrete allows to reduce the self-weight of structures and the concrete area, to create a higher, bigger and smarter constructive form of the elements. -
Problem Statement 1-4-1. Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Mix Design System Integration Stage 1: Volumetrics-Based Mix Design (Mix Proportioning)
Long-Term Plan for Concrete Pavement Research and Technology—The Concrete Pavement Road Map (Second Generation): Volume II, Tracks PUBLICATION NO. FHWA-HRT-11-070 JULY 2012 Research, Development, and Technology Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center 6300 Georgetown Pike McLean, VA 22101-2296 FOREWORD The concrete paving industry has experienced many changes in the last 15 years. In order for concrete pavement to achieve its full potential in the 21st century, the industry has identified trends that call for dramatic, even revolutionary, improvements. Aiming for a holistic approach, the improvements can best be implemented through a carefully developed and aggressively implemented strategic plan for research and technology transfer known as the Long-Term Plan for Concrete Pavement Research and Technology (CP Road Map). This is volume II of two volumes. It provides the background and summary information on the effort that led to the CP Road Map. Jorge E. Pagán-Ortiz Director, Office of Infrastructure Research and Development Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in this report because they are considered essential to the objective of the document. Quality Assurance Statement The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve the Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. -
1.1 What Is Concrete Masonry?
1.1 What is Concrete Masonry? Introduction Concrete masonry construction (or as it is more and Specifiers are using Architectural Masonry in commonly called, concrete blockwork) is based on more commercial and residential applications. thousands of years experience in building structures of stone, mud and clay bricks. Blockwork masonry Using the various textures of Fair Face, Honed and units are hollow and are filled with concrete and Splitface is adding a lot more variety to the features allow for the integration of reinforcing steel, a feature of the wall. essential for earthquake resistant design. Concrete blockwork provides a structural and architectural advantage in one material and is recognised worldwide as a major contributor to the construction and building industry. Types of Concrete Blockwork The workhorse of concrete masonry has traditionally been stretcher bond blockwork forming structural, fire and acoustic functions from residential to large commercial buildings as well as the special use in retaining walls. With the introduction of coloured masonry Architects Figure 1: Commercial Stretcher Bond Blockwork Figure 2: Coloured Honed Blockwork Figure 3: Coloured Honed Blockwork Figure 4: Coloured Fairface, Honed and Splitface Blockwork Figure 5: Splitface Blockwork New Zealand Concrete Masonry Association Inc. Figure 6: Honed Half High Blockwork Figure 7: Honed Natural Blockwork There are also masonry blocks that include polystyrene inserts which provide all the structural benefits of a normal masonry block with the added advantage of built-in insulation. Building with these blocks removes the need for additional insulation - providing the added design flexibility of a solid plastered finish both inside and out. The word “Concrete Masonry” also encompasses a wide variety of products such as, brick veneers, retaining walls, paving and kerbs. -
Analysis of Cracked Prestressed Concrete Sections: a Practical Approach
Analysis of Cracked Prestressed Concrete Sections: A Practical Approach This paper presents a practical approach for analyzing the elastic behavior of cracked prestressed concrete sections of any shape, using existing section property software. The use of the results for estimating deflection and crack control is presented. The method is applicable to .81!.... ' sections with any degree of prestress, from no prestress to full prestress. Examples are given, including the analysis of cracked composite ,f('' sections. The procedural steps for analyzing cracked prestressed Robert F. Mast, P.E. concrete sections are summarized. Senior Principal BERGER/ABAM Engineers Inc. Fed eral Way, Washington o fully understand the behavior The purpose of this paper is to pre of a prestressed concrete mem sent an analysis method using conven T ber cracked at service load, an tional section property software. The analysis of the cracked prestressed solution requires iteration, but the section should be made. This analysis bulk of the work is done by an exist is needed in order to find the change ing section property program. The it in steel stress after cracking (for use in eration may be done manually or a evaluating crack control at service small additional program may be writ load), and for finding the appropriate ten that will do the iteration, using an flexural stiffness for use in deflection existing section property program to calculations. do the computation inside an iteration The analysis of cracked prestressed loop. sections requires, at best, the solution The iterative procedure consists of 2 3 of a cubic equation.'· • .. The complex assuming a depth c of the neutral axis, ity of this solution, requiring the use computing section properties of the of charts, tables, or special software, net cracked section, checking stresses has impeded the use of prestressed at the assumed neutral axis location, concrete members with ten sile stresses and revising c as necessary to make beyond the code limits for nominal the concrete stress equal to zero at the tensile stress. -
Shrinkage and Creep in Prestressed Concrete
Shrinkage and Creep In Prestressed Concrete Announcing —The Building Science Series The "Building Science Series" disseminates technical information developed at the Bureau on building materials, components, systems, and whole structures. The series presents research results, test methods, and performance criteria related to the structural and environmental functions and the durability and safety char- acteristics of building elements and systems. These publications, similar in style and content to the NBS Building Materials and Structure Reports (1938-59), are directed toward the manufacturing, design, and construction segments of the building industry, standards organizations, offi- cials, responsible for building codes, and scientists and engineers concerned vdth the properties of building materials. The material for this series originates principally in the Building Research Divi- sion of the NBS Institute for Applied Technology. Published or in preparation are: BSSl. Building Research at the National Bureau of Standards. (In prepara- tion. ) BSS2. Interrelations Between Cement and Concrete Properties: Part 1, Ma- terials and Techniques, Water Requirements and Trace Elements. 35 cents BSS3. Doors as Barriers to Fire and Smoke. 15 cents BSS4. Weather Resistance of Porcelain Enamels : Effect of Exposure Site and Other Variables After Seven Years. 20 cents BSS5. Interrelations Between Cement and Concrete Properties : Part 2, Sulfate Expansion, Heat of Hydration, and Autoclave Expansion. 35 cents BSS6. Some Properties of the Calcium Aluminoferrite Hydrates. 20 cents BSS7. Organic Coatings. Properties, Selection, and Use. (In press.) BSS8. Interrelations Between Cement and Concrete Properties: Part 3. (In preparation.) BSS9. Thermal-Shock Resistance for Built-Up Membranes. 20 cents BSSIO. Field Burnout Tests of Apartment Dwelling Units. -
Deterioration of Prestressed Concrete Beams Due to Combined Effects of Carbonation and Chloride Attack
Deterioration of Prestressed Concrete Beams Due to Combined Effects of Carbonation and Chloride Attack Rita Irmawaty1, Daisuke YAMAMOTO2, Hidenori HAMADA2 and Yasutaka SAGAWA2 1Kyushu University, Japan and Hasanuddin University, Indonesia 2Kyushu University, Japan *West 2 Building, Room 1103, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan, 819-0395 e-mail:[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected] ABSTRACT Performance of prestressed concrete (PC) beams subjected to both carbonation and chloride ingress has not been clarified well so far. This paper presents the evaluation results and discussion on materials deterioration and corrosion state of prestressing wire/tendons of 35 year’s test PC beams. All beams were exposed to the actual marine tidal environments at the Sakata Port more than 20 years, then transferred and stored in a constant temperature over 15 years. The results indicated that all beams showed deterioration on the exterior and the whole surface of beams was carbonated. Even carbonation did not cause corrosion of reinforcement, however, it may have contributed to degradation of cover concrete. In addition, even though tendons were protected by sheath and mortar grouting, however, corrosion area on tendons reached 40%, and prestressing wires corrosion length was 50 to 73%, indicating severe corrosion conditions for PC beams with 30 mm cover depth. Keywords: corrosion, long-term performance, prestressed concrete INTRODUCTION Corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the important factors affecting long-term durability. Corrosion usually occurs due to either carbonation or chloride attacks, and it has been well researched for both reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures for long-term exposure tests. -
Physical Properties of Structural Lightweight Concrete
Chapter 6 Physical Properties of Structural Lightweight Concrete The information present in Chapter 6 and 7 is also covered in a more general way in: ACI 213R-03 “Guide for Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete” and ASTM 169 D “Lightweight Concrete and Aggregates” Both are excellent references. April 2007 Expanded Shale, Clay & Slate Institute (ESCSI) 2225 E. Murray Holladay Rd, Suite 102 Salt Lake City, Utah 84117 (801) 272-7070 Fax: (801) 272-3377 [email protected] www.escsi.org 6-1 CHAPTER 6 6.0 Definition of Terms 6.1 Compressive Strength 6.2 Density Density of the Constituents of Concrete Mixtures’ Equilibrium Density-Self Loads Specified Density Concrete 6.3 Absorption 6.4 Internal Curing Introduction 6.5 Contact Zone Implication of Contact Zone on Failure Mechanisms 6.6 Permeability 6.7 Pozzolanic Characteristics History Pozzolanic Terminology and Properties Influence on Properties of Concrete Pozzolanic Reaction in the Contact Zone 6.8 Heat Flow Characteristics Thermal Conductivity Lightweight Concrete High Strength Lightweight Concrete High Strength Specified Density Concrete Specific Heat Thermal Diffusivity 6.9 Fire Resistance General High Strength Lightweight Concrete High Strength Specified Density Concrete 6.10 Refractory Concrete 6.11 Abrasion Resistance Appendix 6A ―Standard Test Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete”, ASTM C 567-05. Appendix 6B “Jet Exhaust Damaged Concrete”, Hronaka and Malvar, Concrete International, October 1998. Appendix 6C Refractory Concrete Papers Appendix 6D ESCSI Publication #4362 ―Internal Curing Using Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate Lightweight Aggregate”. Appendix 6E Chapter 46 ―Lightweight Concrete and Aggregates”, Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, ASTM Special Technical Publication 169D. -
Shapes and Sizes Regular C.M.U
SUPERLITE ® BLOCK An Oldcastle® Company CONTENTS Introduction . 2 Fire Resistance . 3 Control Joints . 4 Control Joint Slot . 5 Sound Reduction . 6 Compressive Strength of Masonry . 7 Weight Classifications and Aggregates . 8 Integrally Colored C.M.U. 9 Abbreviations . 10 Shapes and Sizes Regular C.M.U. 11 Splitface Block . 25 Slump Block . 31 Founders Finish . 35 Vertical Scored Block . 40 Sonora Block . 45 Fluted Block . 48 Fence Block . 51 Decorative Block . 54 The Integra® Wall System . 55 Keystone® Retaining Wall System . 57 Belgard® Pavers . 59 Mortar Joints . 63 Corner Details . 65 Wall Patterns . 67 NCMA TEK’S Manuals & E-Details are available @ www.superliteblock.com 1 SUPERLITE ® BLOCK An Oldcastle® Company INTRODUCTION Superlite Block’s Shapes and Sizes Directory aims to assist you in the design process. The various types of concrete masonry units available featured, as well as the Integra® Wall System, Keystone® Retaining Walls, and Belgard® Pavers. In conjunction with the shapes and sizes, we have included technical information we hope will be of assistance. Some of the products featured in the Directory are available only on a special order basis. Superlite Block is proud to provide owners, architects, engineers and contractors with high quality masonry units for all your design needs. Please contact a Superlite Representative for the current availability of product at 602-352-3500 or 800-366-7877. 2 SUPERLITE ® BLOCK An Oldcastle® Company FIRE RESISTANCE Concrete block wall systems are unsurpassed in functioning Loose fill Insulation as a barrier to contain the spread of fire. These systems The fire resistive time period for concrete masonry units effectively resist transmission of intense heat through the meeting the equivalent thickness required for a two-hour- wall while also preventing the passage of flames and hot fire-resistive rating in Item 3 (below) and having a thickness gases. -
Stainless Steel Prestressing Strands and Bars for Use in Prestressed Concrete Girders and Slabs
Stainless Steel Prestressing Strands and Bars for Use in Prestressed Concrete Girders and Slabs Morgan State University The Pennsylvania State University University of Maryland University of Virginia Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University West Virginia University The Pennsylvania State University The Thomas D. Larson Pennsylvania Transportation Institute Transportation Research Building University Park, PA 16802-4710 Phone: 814-865-1891 Fax: 814-863-3707 www.mautc.psu.edu MD-13-SP--SPMSU-3-11 Martin O’Malley, Governor James T. Smith, Secretary Anthony G. Brown, Lt. Governor Melinda B. Peters, Administrator STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION Research Report STAINLESS STEEL PRESTRESSING STRANDS AND BARS FOR USE IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GIRDERS AND SLABS MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT NUMBER SP309B4G FINAL REPORT FEBRUARY 2015 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. MSU- 2013-02 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Stainless Steel Prestressing Strands and Bars for Use in February 2015 Prestressed Concrete Girders and Slabs 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Principal Investigator: Dr. Monique Head Researchers: Ebony Ashby-Bey, Kyle Edmonds, Steve Efe, Siafa Grose and Isaac Mason 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Morgan State University Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr., School of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering 11. Contract or Grant No. 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane Baltimore, Maryland 21251 DTRT12-G-UTC03 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered US Department of Transportation Final Research & Innovative Technology Admin UTC Program, RDT-30 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 1200 New Jersey Ave., SE Washington, DC 20590 15.