Willenhall: 2014
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Willenhall: 2014 Plan 2014 Management and Appraisal Willenhall Conservation Area Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan | 1 Willenhall Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan Adoption Statement Walsall’s Planning Committee delegations (2007) – function number 37 states that Planning Committee is the Council body in place for the “Approval of Conservation Area Appraisals” rather than Cabinet. Title of the document: Willenhall Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan. Subject: This document provides an evidence base behind “saved” policy ENV29, ENV39 and WH3 of the Walsall Unitary Development Plan regarding the preservation and enhancement of the Willenhall conservation Area. Consultation: Was undertaken XXXXXXXXXX. Address: Further information can be obtained, in written or electronic form, from: Regeneration Directorate Walsall Council Civic Centre, Darwall Street, Walsall, WS1 1TP Telephone: 01922 655537 E-mail: [email protected] The relevant documents can be inspected on the Council’s website at XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX or during normal opening hours at the First Stop Shop in Walsall Civic Centre and at public libraries in the Borough of Walsall. Useful contacts are provided at the end of the document. Adoption: The SPD was adopted by Walsall Council at its Planning Committee meeting on the XXXXXXXXXX. Modifications made: The following modification are listed: XXXX The consultation process is set out in Appendix 6 (Consultation Statement). Walsall Council | Willenhall Conservation Area and Management Plan 2 CONTENTS Part I: Introduction 6 1.0 Background 8 1.1 What is a conservation area? 8 1.2 What does conservation area status mean? 8 1.3 Purpose of the appraisal and management plan 9 1.4 Current status of the Willenhall plan 13 2.0 Legislation and planning policy framework 15 2.1 The T&CP (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 15 2.2 National planning policy Framework 15 2.3 The Development Plan 15 3.0 Summary of Special interest 17 3.1 A traditional Black Country market town 17 3.2 Streets and pedestrian routes 18 3.3 Retention of original character 19 3.4 Definition of special character of the conservation area 19 Part II: Appraisal 21 4.0 Location and setting 22 4.1 Location 22 4.2 Setting 23 4.3 Demographics 25 4.4 Force for change 25 5.0 Historic development 29 5.1 Early origins: 8th-mid 18th century 29 5.2 The early industrial town: Mid 18th century – 1800 30 5.3 Industrialisation: 1800-1900 33 5.4 Edwardian to interwar: 1900-1940 36 5.5 Post war: 1945-To date 37 5.6 The archaeological significance and potential of the area 38 6.0 Spatial analysis 40 6.1 Identification of character areas 40 6.2 Character Area 1 – Market Place & Cross Street 42 6.3 Character Area 2 – Stafford Street (west) and Wolverhampton Street 50 6.4 Character Area 3 – Stafford Street (east) 55 6.5 Character Area 4 – Little London School 57 6.6 Character Area 5 – Upper Lichfield Street and Cheapside 59 Walsall Council | Willenhall Conservation Area and Management Plan 3 6.7 Character Area 6 – New Road 64 7.0 Character analysis 67 7.1 Building styles and types 67 7.2 Positive aspects of the conservation area 74 Key buildings 74 Materials 75 Building details 83 Public realm, open spaces and public art 84 7.3 Negative aspects of the conservation area 87 Dereliction 87 Vacant buildings 87 Vacant sites 88 Changing patters in retail 88 New demographics 88 Maintenance of buildings 88 Heritage crime 89 Development, alterations and adoptions 90 New buildings 92 Highways management 92 Part III: Management Plan 93 8.0 Management recommendations 94 8.1 Resources needed in the area 94 8.2 Decision making procedures 94 8.3 Enforcement strategy 95 8.4 Opportunities 96 8.5 Design 98 8.6 Maintenance and repair 101 8.7 Mechanisms for monitoring change 101 8.8 Community involvement 102 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Relevant Planning Policies in the Development Plan 103 Appendix 2: Listed Building 104 Appendix 3: Locally listed buildings 105 Appendix 4: Townscape Heritage Initiative programme 107 Appendix 5: Contact details 108 Appendix 6: Consultation Statement 109 Walsall Council | Willenhall Conservation Area and Management Plan 4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Conservation Area Boundary (Walsall Council: 2014) 14 Figure 2: Period of origins (Black Country Archaeology: 2007) 24 Figure 3: Modern land use (broad types) (Black Country Archaeology: 2007) 24 Figure 4: The Unitary Development Plan Inset Map (Walsall Council: 2014) 27 Figure 5: English Heritage Repairs Grant work (Walsall Council: 2014) 28 Figure 6: Map of Willenhall 1775 (Walsall Local History Centre: 2007) 30 Figure 7: Map of Willenhall C1800 (Walsall Local History Centre: 2007) 33 Figure 8: Map of Willenhall 1884 (Walsall Local History Centre: 2007) 35 Figure 9: Map of Willenhall 1914 (Walsall Local History Centre: 2007) 36 Figure 10: Map of Willenhall 1937 (Walsall Local History Centre: 2007) 37 Figure 11: Periods of Building Development (Walsall Council: 2014) 39 Figure 12: Character Areas (Walsall Council: 2014) 41 Figure 13: Character Area 1 – Market Place & Cross Street (Walsall Council: 2014) 42 Figure 14: Character Area 2 – Stafford Street (west) and Wolverhampton Street (Walsall Council: 2014) 50 Figure 15: Character Area 3 – Stafford Street (east) (Walsall Council: 2014) 55 Figure 16: Character Area 4 – Little London School (Walsall Council: 2014) 57 Figure 17: Character Area 5 – Upper Lichfield Street and Cheapside (Walsall Council: 2014) 59 Figure 18: Character Area 6 – New Road (Walsall Council: 2014) 64 Figure 19: Key buildings (Walsall Council: 2014) 74 Figure 20: Boundary changes (Walsall Council: 2014) 95 Walsall Council | Willenhall Conservation Area and Management Plan 5 Willenhall: 2014 PART I: INTRODUCTION Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan | LIST OF FIGURES 6 Willenhall: 2014 The town of Willenhall lies in the heart of Black Country between Wolverhampton (to the west), Walsall (to the east) and Dudley (to the south). It falls within the wider conurbation of Britain’s second city, Birmingham, from which it sits north west of at a distance of 9.5 miles. Located at the centre of an extensive network of local, regional and national roads (just 1.5m west of the M6 and 0.5miles north of the Black Country Way) Willenhall today is surrounded by a post industrial landscape. This context is itself restructuring into one of Britain’s most diverse and industrious communities and Willenhall now finds itself at the cross roads of growth, change and regeneration. Despite this transformation, at its heart is a town centre that dates back to the 8th century. The thriving market place, that the Georgian and Victorian traders would have know still exists as do many of the shops and public houses that surround it. Whilst initially the wider landscape of industry and housing that continues uninterrupted into the heart of Birmingham may appear to have swallowed up and irreversibly altered the setting of this small town, in fact this setting of aggressive and unfettered industrial growth was the very driving force that established the 19th century town we now identify with today. It is this mix of pre and post industrial growth that defines Willenhall and makes it an historic town that has been able to absorb the driving forces of industrial growth. It is the best preserved of Walsall’s towns that showcases the character of the Black Country and its people past and present – The storey of Willenhall is the storey of change, industry, progress and community. Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan | LIST OF FIGURES 7 Restricted ‘Permitted Development’ 1.0 Background Certain types of development, mainly concerned with alterations to buildings are restricted in conservation areas. Any form 1.1 What is a conservation area? of new cladding, for example, is not permitted without planning permission. Conservation Areas were introduced by the Civic Amenities Act 1967 and are defined as The normal allowance of what is called “areas of special architectural or historic ‘Permitted Development’, development that interest the character and appearance of is normally at the discretion of a land owner which it is desirable to preserve or and does not require planning permission, is enhance”. Conservation Area designation is curtailed in conservation area. This is in more dependent on the overall quality and order to prevent harmful change that could interest of an area, rather than individual damage the special historic character of the buildings, although it is common for such area. areas to contain a number of Listed Buildings. The full extent of ‘Permitted Development’ allowances are set out in the Governments A conservation area is concerned with on-line planning toolkit known as The townscapes and how they hold together as a planning portal and can be viewed at whole. They are mindful of the value of not http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/permission just buildings or groups of buildings, but /responsibilities/planningpermission/permitte open spaces, streets, public realm, street d but it is strongly recommended that furniture, trees and advertisements and how contact is made with the planning all of these elements relate to one another. department in order to ensure that any alterations are ‘Permitted Development’ prior Indeed the very dynamics of the community to implementation. that inhabit such an area is important. The uses and functions of a place are crucial and Further information concerning ‘permitted in particular, how they interact will define Development’ is set out under the how successful an area is. The bringing Management Plan in section 9 of this together of both historic and new document. development harmonises communities and allows them to be sustainable and resilient. In short, a conservation area can add value Planning approval to a community by recognising and maximise on the resource of heritage in The conservation area becomes a ‘material which we lives.