El 338 Public Disclosure Authorized
GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALAWI
MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES PROJECT (ISP)
Public Disclosure Authorized Project ID Number: P057761
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Public Disclosure Authorized
FINAL DRAFT REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized
February, 2006 GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALAWI MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES PROJECT (ISP)
Project ID Number: P057761
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
FINAL DRAFT REPORT
Consultant: Water Waste and Environment P.O. Box 31271 Capital City Lilongwe 3. Malawi.
Mobile: (265) 8 831 595 e-mail: [email protected]
February, 2006 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Environmental and Social Management Framework has been prepared with the support and consultations of many people to whom the authors are very grateful.
The people consulted included workers and communities in the proposed project distrcts and development corridors of Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko; Zomba - Phalombe - Mulanje; Rumphi - Nyika - Chitipa; Mangochi - Cape Maclear; and Ntcheu - Tsangano - Mwanza.
District officials such as District Commissioners, members of District Executive Committees and Area Development Committees, Environmental District Officers, Chiefs and the general public provided valuable input to this study. In addition, a number of senior officers in the Environmental Affairs Department, Ministry of Economic Planning and Development and other stakeholder ministries of Pubic Works and Transport, Energy, and Information and Tourism provided considerable administrative and logistical support during the assignment. The author wishes to sincerely acknowledge their support.
i TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... II
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED INTHE FRAMEWORK ...... V
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... VI
CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND ON THE ISP AND THIS STUDY ...... I
1.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY ...... 3
1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 3 1.3.1 Roads ...... 3 1.3.2 Electrification ...... 4 1.3.3 Water supply and sanitation ...... 5 1.3.4 Telecom munication ...... 5
1.4 PROPOSED PROJECT ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ...... 5 1.4.1 Ministry of Economic Planning and Development .6 1.4.2 The multi-sectoral Steering Committee .6 1.4.3 The Technical Commitee .6 1.4.4 The Project Management Unit (PMU) .6 1.4.5 The National Roads Authority (NRA) .6 1.4.6 The Ministry of Water Development (MWD) .6 1.4.7 The Regional Water Boards (RWB's) .6 1.4.8 Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment .6 1.4.9 Electricity Supply Commission, (ESCOM) .7 1.4.10 Ministry of Information and Toursm .7 1.4.11 Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development .7 1.4.12 Private Sector Operators.7
1.5 PROJECT COST ESTIMATES .7
1.6 ISP DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES .8
1.7 JUSTIFICATION AND RATIONALE FOR THE ISP .8
1.8 OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMNT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) . 8
1.9 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK . 9
1.10 POTENTIAL USERS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK . 9
1.11 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY TO THE PREPARATION OF THE ESMF .10
1.12 INFORMATION GATHERING FOR THE ESMF .10 1.12.1 Field Investigations and Public Consultations .10 1.12.2 Questionnaire.12 1.12.3 Literature review.12
11 1.13 CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS IN THE PREPARATION OF THE FRAMEWORK ...... 12
1.14 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT ...... 13
CHAPTER TWO: BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SETTING . . 15 2.1 RUMPHI - NYIKA - CHITIPA CORRIDOR .15
2.2 NTCHEU - TSANGANO - MWANZA CORRIDOR .16
2.3 MANGOCHI - CAPE MCLEAR CORRIDOR .17
2.4 ZOMBA - PHALOMBE - MULANJE CORRIDOR .18
2.5 BANGULA -TENGANI-NSANJE- MAKOKO CORRIDOR .20
CHAPTER THREE: RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND THE WORLD BANK POLICIES ... 22
3.1 MALAWI LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO ISP IMPLEMANTATION ...... 22
3.2 RELEVANT WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ...... 25
3.3 GAPS BETWEEN WORLD BANK POLICIES AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION ...... 26
CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS . . 28
4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ...... 28
4.2 SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ...... 31
CHAPTER FIVE: THE SCREENING PROCESS FOR PROJECT SITES AND ACTIVITIES ... 36
5.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SCREENING PROCESS ...... 36
5.2 STEP 1: SCREENING OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND SITES ...... 36
5.3 STEP 2: ASSIGNING THE APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIES ...... 37
5.4 STEP 3: CARRYING OUT ENVIRONMENTAL WORK ...... 37 5.4.1 Environmental and Social Checklist: ...... 38 5.4.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ...... 38
5.5 STEP 4: REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF THE SCREENING ACTIVITIES ...... 38 5.5.1 Review ...... 38 5.5.2 Recommendation for Approval/Disapproval ... 39 5.5.3 Approval/Disapproval ...... 39 5.5.4 Endorsement ...... 39
5.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ...... 39
CHAPTER SIX: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLANS . . 41
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 41
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTRACTOR ...... 41
iii 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 45 6.2.1 Rehabilitation of Existing Infrastructure and Construction of New Infrastructure and other Project Activities.. 45
6.3 MONITORING INDICATORS ...... 45
CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ESMF . . 47
7.1 DEFINITION OF ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 47
7.2 SOURCE OF FUNDING FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ...... 48
CHAPTER EIGHT: CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ...... 49
8.1 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE ESMF ...... 49 8.1.1 The National Roads Authority .. 49 8.1.2 The Ministry of Water Development .. . .. 49 8.1.3 The Regional Water Boards .... 49 8.1.4 Electrcity Supply Commission (ESCOM) ...... 50 8.1.5 Ministry of Information and Toufism ... 50 8.1.6 Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development ...... 50
8.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED TRAINING ACTIVITIES ...... 52
8.3 PROPOSED APPROACH IN EXECUTING THE TRAINING ACTIVITIES ...... 52
8.4 PROJECT EQUIPMENT FOR STAKEHOLDERS DURING PROJECT PERIOD ...... 53
CHAPTER NINE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 54
APPENDICES ...... 56
APPENDIX 1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM ...... 57
APPENDIX 2 FLOW CHART FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING PROCESS ...... 63
APPENDIX 3: PROCEDURES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION OF INFRASTUCTURE SERVICES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 64
APPENDIX 4: THE GENERAL EIA PROCESS INMALAWI (ADAPTED FROM THE EIA GUIDELINES 1997, EAD) 65
APPENDIX 5 GENERIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA FOR THE ISP .66
APPENDIX 6: SUMMARY OF THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARD POLICIES .67
APPENDIX 7: ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR CONTRACTORS .71
APPENDIX 8: CORRIDOR MAPS .73
APPENDIX: 9: LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARATION THE ESMF .78
APPENDIX 10: REFERENCES.83
IV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED INTHE FRAMEWORK
DC District Commissioner DEA Director of Environmental Affairs DEAP District Environmental Action Plan DEMM Decentralised Environmental Management Manual EAD Environmental Affairs Department EDO Environmental District Officer EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMA Environment Management Act EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Extension Planning Area ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework GDP Gross Domestic Product GoM Government of Malawi HIV Human Immuno Defiency Sydrome Virus LGA Local Government Act MMNE Ministry Of Mines, Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs MPRSP Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper NCE National Council on the Environment NEAP National Environmental Action Plan NEP National Environmental Policy NGO Non-Government Organization NLP National Land Policy NPDP National Physical Development Plan NRA National Roads Authority NWRPS National Water Resources Policy and Strategies OP Operational Policy PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SOER State of the Environment Report TA Traditional Authority TCE Technical Committee on the Environment TCPA Town and Country Planning Act
v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is prepared for the Infrastructure Services Project (ISP), which the Government of Republic of Malawi intends to implement in selected 5 district corridors in Malawi. These corridors are: the Rumphi-Nyika-Chitipa; Ntcheu-Tsangano- Mwanza; Mangochi-Cape Maclear; Zomba-Phalombe-Mulanje; and the Bangula-Tengani- Nsanje- Makoko corridors. The purpose of this ESMF is to provide a strategic guide for the integration of environmental and social considerations in the planning and implementation of the ISP activities.
Currently, the Malawi Government is seeking financial support of the World Bank for ISP. The total estimated cost for the proposed project is US$ 50,000,000.00.
1.0 THE PROPOSED PROJECT AND SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES The proposed Infrastructure Services Project has a number of sub-components aimed at providing infrastructure and services as a package to include transport, electricity, telecommunications and water supply and sanitation. It is anticipated that the integrated infrastructure services approach, targeting the five priority corridors, will contribute to the creation of an appropriate and conducive environment for enhanced productivity of the target communities.
2.0 RATIONALE FOR THE PROJECT Malawi is currently faced with severe problems of inadequate infrastructure services, due to fiscal difficulties, aging infrastructure and institutional constraints. These problems are affecting both the urban and rural communities and are a barrier to access to basic needs and inputs of production such as water supply, sanitation, electricity, telecommunication and roads.
The underlying premise for the project is that coordinated infrastructure service provision and the strategic location of infrastructure service investments will contribute more effectively to the growth of the national productivity. The availability of; and access to various infrastructure services will facilitate efficient production of goods and services, leading to the decrease of unit costs of production, affordability of goods and services and improved livelihoods.
3.0 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OBJECTVES AND TARGETS The development objectives of the Infrastructure Services Project are to stimulate broad-based economic growth and public services delivery; and to improve access to and reliability of infrastructure services, in an effort to exploit the productive potential of farm and non-farm rural enterprises in the selected 5 district corridors.
The anticipated project outcome is that the communities, farms, other non farm enterprises and public institutions in the targeted areas will have improved access to stable, reliable and adequate power supply, clean drinking water and efficient transport to markets.
4.0 JUSTIFICATION FOR PREPARATION OF THE ESM FOR THE PROJECT. According to Section 24 (1) of the Malawi Government's Environment Management Act, Number 23 of 1996 and the Government's Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA Guidelines of December, 1997, the Infrastructure Services Project would fall under the list of projects for which environmental impact assessment is mandatory, prior to implementation. The basis is that the proposed project constitutes several components of activities, which would generate considerable changes and significant effects to
Vi the environment. Hence, environmental components such as land, water, forests and biological diversity might be adversely affected.
Since the extent and nature of the project activities are not known at this time, this framework is designed to guide in the establishment, of some appropriate level of environmental management measures for implementation, in all the stages of the project activities, from the planning stage to the implementation including decommissioning.
The proposed Infrastructure Services Project has been categorized as a B, according to the World Bank's Operational Policy (OP4.01; Environmental Assessment). Therefore, the appropriate environmental work will have to be carried out. Since the locations of the infrastructure investments and their potential negative localized impacts could not be determined prior to appraisal, this project requires the preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) to ensure appropriate mitigation of potential negative environmental and social impacts.
5.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS FROM THE PROJECT ACTIVITIES Although the project activities will vary in size, location, scope and the approach in implementation, most of these activities will involve civil engineering and construction works. Hence the generic and typical environmental impacts for the ISP would include: * Loss of forest resources; * Increase in soil erosion; * Loss of fragile ecosystem; * Soil and water contamination; * Dust emissions; * Siltation of water courses and; * Changes in migration patterns of animals.
The generic and typical social impacts of the project activities would include: * loss of land for human settlement; * Loss of garden for the local communities; * Loss of grazing land and rivers for local people; * Loss of crops and other property for the local communities; * Influx of people to project areas; * Incidences of communicable diseases and health hazards to workers; * spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV and AIDS within the area; * Conflicts over land use and ownership; * Disruption of footpaths and roads for people and; * Disruption of living patterns of local villagers.
6.0 KEY STRATEGIES OF THE ESMF. This environment and social management framework has been prepared as a guide for the initial screening of the proposed ISP sites and for negative environmental and social impacts, which would require attention prior to project implementation. The framework outlines a number of strategies in undertaking the exercise. These include the following: * An outline of a comprehensive checklist for the potential environmental impacts and their sources; * An outline of a comprehensive checklist for the potential social impacts and their sources; * Systematic procedures for participatory screening process for project sites and project activities for environmental and social considerations;
vii * A step by step procedure for forecasting the main potential environmental and social impacts of the planned project activities; * A typical environmental management plan for addressing negative externalities in the course of project implementation and operations within environs; * A step by step monitoring and evaluation system for implementation of mitigation measures and; * An outline of recommended capacity building measures for environmental planning and monitoring of the project activities.
7.0 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REPORT The report recommends that in order for the implementation of the ESMF to be successful, there is need to ensure that other projects being implemented in the same areas as the ISP have their own comprehensive environmental and social management plans. It is also recommended that the Environmental Affairs Department and other relevant line ministries should ensure that human activities that lead to deforestation and other environmental problems are properly managed and monitored.
The report also recommends that for successful implementation of this ESMF, involvement and participation of local communities is paramount.
Specifically the report recommends: * Use this framework prior to any project activity of the ISP. * Environmental and Social awareness and education for the key stakeholders and affected communities; * Training the local community structures to implement the ESMF and the screening process; * Regularly updating this ESMF to respond to changing local conditions; * Building capacities of the District Assemblies for developing appropriate information management systems to support the environmental and social management process; * Providing the necessary resources and equipment for the District Assemblies to be able to produce the necessary documentation and forms for the implementation of the ESMF; * Empowering the Environmental District Officer to adequately administer the ESMF
8.0 POTENTIAL USERS OF THE ESMF As a reference material, the framework will be useful to several stakeholders who will be involved in planning, implementation and monitoring of the proposed project. Some of the key users of this framework are as follows: * Funding agencies/donors for the proposed Infrastructure Services Project; * District Executive Committee members in the targeted districts; * Participating sectors in the implementation of the ISP; * Politicians and local traditional leaders. * Senior central government officials responsible for policymaking and project planning. * Central government officials responsible for environmental planning and management. * NGO's involved in natural resource management in the selected districts; * Planners and engineers for preparation of plans and designs of the project activities. * Engineers and contractors to be involved in implementation of the project activities. * The following sections of the ESMF should be included in the Project Implementation Manual: PSections 5.1 to 5.6 of Chapter 5, The Screening Process; 'Sections 6.1 to 6.3 of Chapter 6, Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans; >Section 7.1 of Chapter 7, Implementation Arrangements and; >Sections 8.1 to 8.6 of Chapter 8, Capacity Building and Training Requirements for the ESMF
viii CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND ON THE ISPAND THIS STUDY 1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Government of the Republic of Malawi, with the assistance from the World Bank, is implementing the Infrastructure Services Project. This project will focus on prioritized service delivery in the water and sanitation, electricity, roads and telecommunications sectors. Interventions will be in five selected district corridors and will be coordinated across the mentioned sectors, with the view to significantly enhancing production and productivity, notably in the agriculture, tourism and mining sectors,
The desired approach is to provide infrastructure and services as a package to include transport, electricity, telecommunications and water supply and sanitation. It is anticipated that this approach will contribute to the creation of an appropriate and conducive environment for enhanced productivity of the target communities.
To identify priority areas for infrastructure investments, the Government of Malawi undertook an initial assessment study in potential growth areas of the country. Based on the results of the initial assessment study, the following five priority areas (also referred to as the five corridors) were identified for feasibility studies:
* Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko * Zomba-Phalombe-Mulanje * Rumphi-Nyika-Chitipa * Mangochi-Cape Maclear * Ntcheu-Tsangano-Mwanza
The feasibility studies will determine the economic, financial and technical viability of priority infrastructure investments in these potential growth corridors. Map 1.1 on page 2 shows the targeted five potential development corridors and Maps 2 to 6 in Appendix 7 show the five road corridors in the selected districts.
1 N GN-_Eo 1 MAP 1.1: MAP OF MALAWI SHOWING A Chitipa THE FIVE ISP CORRIDORS A t--t~~~Karonf Ruhalires * CorndorTowns =- ..cc .i* Towns dFX-+,,, | $JlCorridorArea Rl /-.Main Corndor Road Main Rivers f * IWUZU | ~--Main Roads , -- , _.: ~~~~Secondary R oads V J , l / /' ^---S~~~~ntemnational boundary
K4sungu* t
C - e-, Lilongwv '- - r->, Ca a gclear
\s@ - -- '--'' 8bQ qchi
Tsangano q 1 |l
( Blantyreii halombe
> \- 9, Mu~~~~~~~lanje
Ba ngLla Tenga V IIsai1je Makoko
2 1.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY
The proponent of the Infrastructure Services Project (ISP) is the Government of Republic of Malawi while the Ministry of Economic Planning and Development is the implementing Agency on behalf of the Government. The contact details of the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development are as follows: > Name of Implementer : Ministry of Economic Planning and Development > Postal address : P.O. Box 30136, Capital City, Lilongwe 3, Malawi > Telephone : 265-01- 788 888 > Facsimile : 265-01- 788 247 > E-mail : epDdmalawi.net; epd(amepdqov.orQ
1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The precise types and locations of the infrastructure services project activities are not yet known at this time. However, according to the Initial Assessment Study Draft Report of May 2005 and subsequent Aide Memoirs, the Infrastructure Services Project will focus on four main prioritized service delivery areas of, water supply and sanitation, electricity, roads and telecommunications. The improvement of service delivery will be carried out in the Rumphi - Nyika - Chitipa; Ntcheu - Tsangano - Mwanza; Mangochi - Cape Maclear; Zomba - Phalombe - Mulanje; and Bangula-Tengani- Nsanje-Makoko districts and town centres. Growth centers along the road corridors (such as the Zomba, Phalombe and Mulanje corridor) connecting the town centres will be targeted to boost the economic activity. The proposed project development activities are broadly described and categorized into the following sub-components under each priority service area, as follows:
1.3.1 Roads The project activities will include construction of priority feeder roads and periodic road maintenance at the district level. Investment decisions will be based on an annual road sector programme, to be timely submitted on a regular basis, by the Local Authorities and to be consolidated into the National Roads Authority's (NRA) national plan. NRA will be responsible for maintaining major roads and will pay for maintenance from the fuel levy.
Since rural feeder roads and footpaths are being financed under MASAF and other district resources, the project is not expected to finance these works unless they are considered to achieve economic benefits in the areas; and unless there is no other source of financing is available. If rural feeder roads and footpaths are to be financed under the project, the District Assembly must demonstrate a track record of providing sufficient resources for ongoing maintenance.
According to the information available at this time, the proposed project sub-component 1, for Local Roads under the jurisdiction of the National Roads Authority, will include periodic and backlog maintenance activities, repairs to bridges, drainage structures and any other works necessary to improve access. Other related activities on this sub-component will include consulting services for detailed design and preparation of bidding documents, consulting services for supervision of construction works, consulting services for the preparation of ElAs and RAPs, where applicable; and feasibility studies for other roads in the project areas.
Under sub-component 2 for District Level Roads, activities will include maintenance, spot improvements and repairs of drainage structures, bridges and footbridges. Related activities on this sub-component will include engineering services for contract packaging, support for establishment of community based contractors, and consultancy services for the use of labour based construction methods.
3 1.3.2 Electrification In the power services sector, the project proposes to strengthen medium-voltage lines to the project areas; to intensify customer connections to the grid; and to expand use of solar PV systems for public institutions. The project is intended to finance rural electrification through the Government's Rural Electrification Fund and through ESCOM or its successor companies where applicable.
The government expects to concession out the distribution operations of ESCOM during the lifetime of the project. In the ESCOM concession, the government may include an obligation to undertake the rural electrification programme that would be partly financed by the government, through the rural electrification fund. The ISP may contribute to financing this programme. This project component would complement JICA's financing of the government's rural electrification programme. Hence the project would not finance woks on any sites for which the government has already obtained financing commitment from JICA.
The government has identified the cost of electricity connection as the major obstacle for consumers to connect to electricity supply. The project proposes to address this aspect by contributing about 90% of the connection costs. However, the government is expected to develop nationwide and long term strategies to increase the success rate of the rural electrification programme.
Under the electrification services sector the proposed sub-component 1 for grid extension, rehabilitation and reticulation expansion will include: * Strengthening of transmission lines and primary sub-stations to reduce the current high network losses; and to ensure adequate electricity supply to the selected project corridors. * Construction of distribution lines, sub-stations, and transformers in the selected sites This sub-component will also include engineering services for the design and supervision, feasibility studies for additional loss reduction programmes; provisions for consulting services for the preparation of ElAs and RAPs, where applicable; and technical advisory services for separating ESCOM's corporate accounts into rural electrification business accounts and commercial business accounts.
Subcomponent 2 for Capital Contribution to the Rural Electrification Fund will entail the disbursement of a portion of the IDA grant to the rural electrification fund, to support additional electrification in the project corridors through the use of innovative approaches. The funds would be made available to co- operatives, ESCOM or its successor companies; and private enterprises that may wish provide electrification services to communities. These electrification services would include distribution and supply, metering, revenue collection and management of systems in the areas of grid-based as well as renewable energy. The fund would also support the establishment of local energy and water supply service companies. Application of funds for this service would require the existence of strong financial management procedures and regulations to manage the fund.
Sub-component 3 for the promotion of renewable energy options (IDA and GEF financed) will comprise funding for renewable energy systems; mainly solar PV systems and solar water heating systems for schools, clinics, community centres; and individual consumers for the areas remotely located from the electricity grid. Guidelines on energy supply to these facilities and institutions would have to be developed and the technical specifications and procurement packages for solar PV systems and solar water heating systems would have to be in place. The development of a sound management system for the funds would also be a prerequisite for the execution of this component.
Sub-component 4 will comprise of advisory services and training for: * Financial and regulatory management, * Design of low cost/affordable distribution standards and innovative management arrangements,
4 * Capacity building for local technicians in the design, installation and maintenance of renewable energy and grid based systems, * Co-operatives and NGO's; and the private investors in operation, maintenance, and management of electricity supply systems, * Support to the Malawi Energy Regulatory Agency (MERA) and; * Other activities to be developed at a later stage.
1.3.3 Water supply and sanitation The project will finance, within the service areas of the Regional Water Boards, extension of water distribution mains and sanitation services into project areas and; if required increased water production. Outside the service areas of the Regional Water Boards, the project will finance the establishment of Community Water Boards, Local Private Operators, and the construction of small water supply schemes to serve the project areas.
The specific project activities in the water supply and sanitation services area will include the installation of piped water supply and sanitation facilities serving market centres, villages, schools and clinics. Other project related activities will include technical assistance to train water associations and operators; to assist the communities to plan, design and supervise construction of water and sanitation facilities and; provisions for consulting services for the preparation of ElAs and RAPs, where applicable; the orientation and training of Regional Water Board Staff and government consultants to better assist the communities to plan and manage their facilities.
1.3.4 Telecommunication The project proposes to improve access to information and telecommunications services in the project areas. The options include the provision of rural telephone connections to communities, using public phones and privately operated kiosks as well as connections to interested households and businesses. Access to Internet and ICT services by establishing small-scale, multi-purpose community telecommunication centres in high growth project areas are also proposed.
The aim is to ensure that service provision in rural and under-served areas is commercially viable over the long term. Where private investment is considered unlikely to serve all areas, the project proposes to support targeted interventions that could potentially be financed through the Universal Access Fund. The fund will be targeted at supporting private operators interested to accelerate access to voice telephony and internet services, to establish rural multi-purpose tele-centres at selected institutions such as schools, hospitals, postal offices, farmers associations and micro- entrepreneurs.
The type of service could differ from one project site to another depending on specific telecommunication needs and taking into account the integrated approach to service provision under the ISP. It is anticipated that the results of the feasibility study will help clarify further, the technical aspects of this service sector. Depending on the cost benefit analysis, one of the best ways to fill in the gaps and increase access to telecommunication services might, for instance, be provision of cellular telephony. The details of this will become clear after detailed assessments. The project will support the retailing of telephone services through small kiosks and bureaus. Improving access to the internet could be provided through several ways and these will become clear after the feasibility study. The telecommunications project activities would be implemented through MACRA.
1.4 PROPOSED PROJECT ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
The Infrastructure Services Project will be implemented in a coordinated manner, under the direction of the Ministry of Economic Planning and Development. A multi- sector Steering Committee, including Principal Secretaries from all the participating sectors will oversee implementation, while a Technical Committee will provide guidance on sectoral matters. The Project Management Unit will handle day-to-day project
5 management, including financial management. Each sectoral Ministry will designate staff to be responsible for implementation of its component. The following institutions will be involved inproject implementation:
1.4.1 Ministry of Economic Planning and Development The Ministry of Economic Planning and Development will be responsible for overall co-ordination. Itwill convene and lead the multi-sector Steering Committee, responsible for oversight and will establish and oversee the Project Management Unit.
1.4.2 The multi-sectoral Steering CommiKtee This Committee will be responsible for oversight of the appraisal of the proposed sub-projects. The Committee will be composed of Principal Secretaries from each sector.
1.4.3 The Technical Committee The Technical Committee will be responsible for advising the Project Management Unit on sectoral development plans and standards
1.4.4 The Project Management Unit (PMU) The project Management Unit will be responsible for day-today project management including overall financial management; monitoring and evaluation. It will be responsible for all procurement and contract management of cross-sectoral activities including coordination of the activities of the various implementing agencies
1.4.5 The National Roads Authority (NRA) The National Roads Authority will be responsible for implementing the roads component; including the procurement and contract management for specific goods, works and services for sector. Environmental and social management work will be done in coordination with the Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment; and the Ministry of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys; to ensure that all land and environment related concerns are incorporated.
1.4.6 The Ministry of Water Development (MWD) This Ministry will be responsible for providing oversight for the water supply and sanitation component of the Infrastructure Services Project. The Ministry is not directly involved in environmental and social management problems associated with specific infrastructure development projects. These are left to the Regional Water Boards and the respective district administration. However, the Ministry is responsible for provision of the required enabling environment, including policies and strategies to ensure sustainable environmental and social management of water projects.
1.4.7 The Regional Water Boards (RWB's) The Regional Water Boards will be responsible for implementing water and sanitation sub-projects, including procurement and contract management for sector-specific goods, works and services; and operating new piped water supply systems; or providing professional support services to local operators. The Boards' management runs the day to day operations, and the directors represent stakeholders' interest. The Boards have the obligation for sustainable water resources use and management to promote water conservation and water catchment protection.
1.4.8 Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment In the Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment, two departments will be involved. The Department of Energy will be responsible for providing oversight for the energy component of the ISP, while the Department of Environmental Affairs will be responsible for all the environmental management activities of the ISP through auditing, monitoring, and evaluation of the environmental management plans, to ensure that adverse environmental impacts can be eliminated or mitigated. The Department will also review (through the Technical committee on the Environment), all the Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Audit reports to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Environment Management Act. 6 1.4.9 Electricity Supply Commission, (ESCOM) The Electricity Supply Commission will be responsible for procurement and contract management of the electricity project sub-components. It will operate the newly constructed distribution systems and related infrastructure. ESCOM will also be responsible for preparation of environmental management plans for the project activities of electricity component of the ISP, including those related to the management of PCBs from transformer oils. ESCOM will perform these environmental management activities through their Environmental Officer, recruited specifically for ESCOM's environmental management function.
1.4.10 Ministry of Information and Tourism This Ministry will be responsible for the procurement of design; and contracting for the telecommunications component. The Tourism Department will be responsible for promoting tourism development within the selected corridors, The Department will ensure environmental protection of attractive sites of tourst potential and it will also spearhead ecotourism development to ensure sustainable utilization of natural resources.
1.4.11 Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development This Ministry will be responsible (through the District Administration) for ensuring co-ordination of ISP activities at the district level and for procurement and contract management of the rural feeder roads and other district level infrastructure for the sub-projects. The District Administration will be involved in identifying priority areas for development within the districts. They will be reviewing and endorsing recommendations for infrastructure development in their districts and for maintaining rural roads. The District Administration will ensure that adverse environmental and social impacts are managed and /or mitigated through the active participation in the ISP implementation. The District Environmental Officers and District Environmental Sub-committees including other district personnel will spearhead environmental screening and environmental management functions of the ISP as appropriate.
1.4.12 Private Sector Operators The project may, on a pilot basis, introduce new institutional arrangements for involving private sector operators in power and water distribution and in the operation of tele-centres. These could be multi- sector utilities operators responsible for provision of all the three services. The private sector operators will perform the necessary environmental management obligations as required by the Environmental Management Act. These obligations will include preparation of EAI and other environmental reports such as environmental audits and environmental management plans as required by the legislation.
1.5 PROJECT COST ESTIMATES
According to the preliminary estimates, the five priority project components will be allocated funding as follows:
* The Water and Sanitation component, to be implemented under the Ministry of Water Development will be allocated an estimated amount of US$7.8 million * The energy component will be allocated US$6.6 million and will be implemented through the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs, Department of Energy. * The telecommunications component, to be implemented through the Ministry of Information and Tourism, is estimated to cost US$2.1 million; and * The transport! roads component, to be implemented through the National Roads Authority in conjunction with the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MRTTP Unit) is estimated to cost US$25.8 million. Other project related costs for capacity building, project preparation and unallocated funds pending results of the pre-feasibility study, are estimated at US$7.7 million.
7 1.6 ISP DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES
The development objectives of the project are to: a) Stimulate broad-based economic growth and public service delivery in selected districts; b) Improve access to and reliability of infrastructure services to exploit the productive potential of farm and non-farm rural enterprises.
The anticipated project outcome is that the community, farms, other non farm enterprises and public institutions in the targeted areas will have improved access to stable, reliable and adequate communication, power supply, clean drinking water and efficient transport to markets.
1.7 JUSTIFICATION AND RATIONALE FOR THE ISP
Currently in Malawi, infrastructure in many towns is grossly inadequate, characterized by low availability of reliable and affordable investment to support productivity and economic growth. Inadequate infrastructure services, due to fiscal difficulties, aging infrastructure and institutional constraints is affecting both the urban and rural communities and is a barrier to access to basic needs and inputs of production such as water supply, sanitation, electricity, telecommunication and roads.
The underlying premise for the project is that coordinated infrastructure service provision and the strategic location of infrastructure service investments will contribute more effectively to the growth of the national productivity. The availability of and access to various infrastructure services will facilitate efficient production of goods and services, leading to the decrease of unit costs of production and the improvement of livelihoods.
1.8 OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMNT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)
The objective of this ESMF is to ensure that the implementation of the Infrastructure Services Project, which includes the GEF financed component for solar PV and water heating systems, will be carried out in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner.
The ESMF will provide the project implementers with an environmental and social screening process that will enable them to identify, assess and mitigate potential environmental and social impacts of the priority infrastructure investments.
The screening results would indicate whether additional environmental and/or social work will be required or not. Thus, the ESMF is designed to ensure that the appropriate level of environmental management, which could range from the application of simple mitigation measures (assessed through the environmental checklists); to the preparation of a comprehensive EIA Report (according Malawi's EIA Guidelines), is applied. For the case of the ISP, no comprehensive EIA might be required since the ISP has been categorized as B, indicating that category A activities will not apply and that no additional environmental work might be require.
The ESMF will outline the: a) Steps of the screening process from identification to approval of an infrastructure investment b) Environmental and social mitigation measures that can be applied and adopted c) Draft terms of reference for an EIA if required and; d) Summary of the Bank's safeguards policies to ensure the laKter are observed during project implementation.
8 The screening process has been developed because the locations and types of priority investments to be funded under the Infrastructure Services Project are not yet known at this time; and therefore potential impacts cannot be precisely identified. It is expected that most priority infrastructure investments will have limited negative environmental and social impacts. However, potential localized impacts that would require proper mitigation and possibly the preparation of a comprehensive EIA might occur. This ESMF has therefore been prepared to provide project implementers with the screening process that will enable them to identify, assess and mitigate potential negative environmental and social impacts; and to ensure proper mitigation and possibly the preparation of a comprehensive EIA and/or RAP where appropriate. Hence the following sections of the ESMF should be included in the Project Implementation Manual: * Sections 5.1 to 5.6 of Chapter 5,The Screening Process; * Sections 6.1 to 6.3 of Chapter 6, Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans; * Section 7.1 of Chapter 7,Implementation Arrangements and; * Sections 8.1 to 8.6 of Chapter 8,Capacity Building and Training Requirements for the ESMF 1.9 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
Where project activities and locations are well known the Environment Management Act (EMA) prescribes details of how an EIA can be conducted. In the case of the ISP, the precise type and location of proposed project activities are not known at this time. Therefore the potential social and environmental impacts of these project activities cannot be identified in the context of a traditional EIA. This ESMF provides mechanisms for ensuring that potential environmental and social impacts of the ISP are identified, assessed and mitigated as appropriate, through an environmental and social screening process. Inthis way the results of the screening process can complement the national EIA process.
The Malawi Environment Management Act (1996) and the Malawi EIA guidelines (1997) prescribe the conduct for Environmental Impact Assessment for development projects. However, these instruments do not have guidelines for the screening process for the identification, assessment and mitigation of potential localized impacts, where the project details and specific project sites are not yet known. This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) therefore, complements the Malawi EIA procedures for meeting the environmental and social management requirements, as outlined in Appendix C of the EIA guidelines. The ESMF also complements the World Bank Operational Procedures for environmental management of projects where specific details are not yet known.
1.10 POTENTIAL USERS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK This framework has been prepared as a reference manual for use by key stakeholders to be involved in the planning, implementation, management and operation of the proposed ISP. As a reference material, the framework would be useful to the following ISP key stakeholders: (a) Funding and donors agencies. (b) District Executive Committee members in the selected districts. (c) Politicians and local traditional leaders. (d) Senior government officials responsible for policy making and development planning (e) Government extension workers in the selected districts. (f) Non-governmental organizations involved in natural resource management. (g) Planners and engineers for the project activities.
9 1.11 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY TO THE PREPARATION OF THE ESMF
The focus of the assignment is to provide a screening process for the potential environmental and social impacts for the planned future project activities, and to recommend a generic management plan for addressing the potential negative impacts. In order to achieve these targets, the basic tenet of the strategy involved high degree of consultations with the various stakeholders. The rationale of these extensive consultations was to take on board the views from a cross section of people, at the local, district, and central government level. The strategies of executing this assignment followed the six steps listed below: (a) Review of existing general biophysical and social conditions of the proposed project areas; (b) Review of typical implementation approach and processes for the proposed project activities. (c) Identification and analysis of potential environmental and social impacts the implementation processes will likely trigger and generate within and around the project areas. (d) Development of the appropriate screening process for the proposed project sites and project activities. (e) Identification of appropriate mitigation measures for the likely potential environmental and social impacts and; (f) Compilation of a generic management and monitoring plan for addressing the impacts during implementation, operation and maintenance of the project activities.
1.12 INFORMATION GATHERING FOR THE ESMF
Information for the preparation of the ESMF has been collected through a number of research methods, which include review of related literature from published and unpublished documents, field investigations and consultation with key stakeholder.
1.12.1 Field Investigations and Public Consultations The consultant undertook field investigations/ surveys and public consultations in the priority project corridors between November 21 and December 12, 2005. Key stakeholders included persons who would be affected either positively or negatively by the project. The consultant conducted his site investigations and stakeholder consultations based on the stakeholder list prepared and discussed with the PMU and presented in the inception report. The consultant tried to ensure that at lest 30% of the stakeholders interviewed were women bearing in mind the importance of gender balance for their representation. The consultant also presented the preliminary findings of the study at the two stakeholder workshops held in Blantyre and Mzuzu. The field investigations and stakeholder consultations were carried as follows: * Ntcheu, Neno, Mwanza Corridor At Ntcheu the consultant had meetings with the MP Hon J. Ng'oma, held discussion with the staff of the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development, met with members of the Ntcheu DEC and held discussions with T/A Mpando on 21 November, 2005. On November 22, the consultant Traveled to Mzama and met with Kalonga Area VDC's and selected members of the community, Visited Rivirivi Community Irrigation Project and discussed with members of the community. On November 23, the consultant met with 13 Village Headmen of Katsekera; 6 Village Headmen and 2 Group Village Headmen of Tsangano (each village headman came with a secretary and a treasurer, at least one of them being a lady) and staff of Tsangano Rural Growth Centre. The consultant held discussions with the Business Community and Individuals; and met with officers from the Police, Post Office and Hospital. On November 24, the consultant traveled to Neno and met with Neno DEC; and held consultations with the MP, the VDC, and the AEC at Kambale. On November 25, a meeting was held with Mwanza DEC and with the AEC at Lisungwi. Selected members of the public were also consulted on the same day. On November 26, the consultant traveled to Liwonde and held discussions with ESCOM. 10 * Mangochi, Cape Maclear Corridor On 27 November, the consultant travelled to Mangochi and held some discussions with selected members of the public. On 28 November, the consultant held discussions with Mangochi DEC, selected members of the public including holiday resort owners. On the same day discussions were held with selected members of the public and selected officers at Cape Maclear National Park.
* Zomba, Phalombe, Mulanje Corridor On November 21, the consultant travelled to Zomba and made an assessment of the existing environment at and around Zomba Boma. On the same day, Discussions were held with the Ndege AEC. Public consultations with selected members of the public were held at Kachulu, T/A Mwambo. Public consultations were also held with people around Govala. On November 23, a meeting was held with Zomba DEC and public consultations were held with members of Jali AEC. Discussions were held with Migowi AEC and selected members of the public. On November 24 a meeting was held with Phalombe DEC and public consultations were held with selected members of the community at T/A Nkumba. The consultant travelled to Mulanje on 25 November and met with the Mulanje DEC. Public consultations were also held with selected members of the community around Chitakale Trading Centre where a meeting was also held with the market committee. On November 26, a meeting was held with the Likhubula AEC. Public consultations were also held around Likhubula and a meeting was held with T/A Mkanda.
* Rumphi - Nyika - Nthalire- Wenya- Chitipa Corridor On December 6, the consultant had a meeting with the DC at Rumphi and had discussions with various members of the DEC. An assessment of existing biophysical environment at and around Rumphi Boma was conducted. Consultations were also held with selected members of the public around Rumphi Boma. Discussions were held with Themba la mathemba Chikulamayembe at Nkhamanga where a meeting was also held with the Nkhamanga Community Water Supply Committee on December 7. On the same day, discussions with the AEC at Bolero Rural Growth Centre were held. An assessment of the existing environment along the Road from Rumphi to Thazima Gate (Nyika National Park) was done and public consultations were held with selected VDCs along the Rumphi-Nyika Road. Consultations were also held with tourist operators and members of the Nyika Trans Frontier Conservation Committee at Chilinda in the Nyika National Park. On December 9, a meeting was held with the DC and the DEC for Chitipa. An assessment of the existing environment around Chitipa Boma was done and public consultations were held with selected public individuals and staff of Kafora Sunflower Oil Factory. On December 10, the consultant traveled to Nthalire via Chisenga and Wenya conducting consultations with selected VDCs along the Chitipa-Nthalire-Nyika-Rumphi Road. The consultant met with members of Wenya and Nthalire AECs. The consultant also met with staff of the NGO Compass and Bee-Keeping clubs around Therere, Gamba and Kaperekezye.
* Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko On December 5, the consultant met with the DC at Nsanje and conducted an assessment of existing environment at and around Nsanje Boma. The consultant had a meeting with the DEC and held public consultation with individuals and organizations around the Boma. On December 6, a meeting with Malemia AEC was held and public consultations were held at Makoko AEC with selected members of the community. An assessment of the existing environment around the area was conducted and consultations were held with Chimombo AEC and selected VDCs. On December 7, public consultations were held at Tengani and an assessment of the existing environment around the area was carried out. On the same day, consultations were held with Tengani AEC and selected VDCs. On December 8 the consultant conduct public consultations at
11 Bangula and made an assessment of the existing environment around the area. Meetings were also held with Mbenje AEC and selected VDCs.
A series of stakeholder consultations were conducted throughout the study period and throughout the drafting process of the framework. Some of the consultations were round table discussions and/or focus group discussions with key stakeholders such as senior officials in the Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development, Environmental Affairs Department, ESCOM, Central Region Water Board, Fisheries Department, Ministry of Trade and Private Sector Development, Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Lands, Housing and Surveys, Decentralization Secretariat, National Roads Authority, Ministry of Information and Tourism, District Executive Committees, (DEC) Area Executive Committees (AEC) and other community groups. The consultation process provided a unique opportunity to interact and to get the views of key stakeholders and interested and affected parties. A list of all people who were consulted has been provided in Appendix 7.
1.12.2 Questionnaire Questionnaires were discussed with various stakeholders especially members of the District Executive Committees, members of the Area Executive Committees and other relevant Government Officials. These questionnaires were discussed during the field surveys of the selected districts and project areas between November 14 and December 12, 2005. The aim was to obtain stakeholder opinion on the key potential environmental and social impacts of the project activities within the areas and also to get additional views on appropriate mitigation measures for the negative impacts. 1.12.3 Literature review Some information presented in this framework was obtained through literature review. Examples of this information include baseline data on rainfall, flora and fauna, socio-economic data, altitude and hydrology regimes of the area, rainfall figures of the area and the maps used in the report. All the documents used are duly acknowledged in Appendix 8. 1.13 CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS INTHE PREPARATION OF THE FRAMEWORK
The information presented in this report is by and large consistent with the data and information gathered through the various sources and approaches outlined above. However, just as in all studies of this nature, the exercise experienced a number of constraints and as a result, there could be some gaps of information in the report as the consultants could not exhaust the collection of primary data. * The first constraint was that some institutions and people (who are ideally key stakeholders to the project) understood differently, the purpose of the environmental and social management framework due to limitations of their formal education and lack of advance awareness of the exercise. In some cases, the stakeholders had different views and expectations of the project. In view of this the consultants devoted some considerable time to awareness discussions (including question and answer sessions) prior to settling down to main issues for consultations. * Secondly, the consultant experienced significant difficulties in receiving the responses to the questionnaires distributed to stakeholders, particularly those from government institutions, possibly because of the relatively short time for the exercise and due to the stake holder's busy schedules. * Thirdly, the consultants could not interview and discuss with all stakeholders such as project planners, extension workers and districts executive members due to time limitations of the exercise. As such, while the findings/issues advanced in this report reflect the general views and feelings of some selected people, they may not cover the specific issues from some unique situations or some individuals affected by the project.
12 Last, but not least, some information in the report was processed from secondary sources of data and such data includes maps, land resources information, atmospheric resources data, water resources data, biological resources data, socio-economic data on poverty situation in Malawi and data on the infrastructure services. 1.14 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
This framework is organized insix chapters: Chapter One provides the background information to the proposed ISProject and introduces the four priority development sectors of power supply, water and sanitation, telecommunications and roads. The chapter gives a comprehensive description of the proposed project activities in the selected five development corridors of Rumphi - Nyika - Chitipa; Ntcheu - Tsangano - Mwanza; Mangochi - Cape Maclear; Zomba - Phalombe - Mulanje; and Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko. The ISP development objectives, the justification, rationale and the proposed project implementation arrangements as well as the potential users of the ESMF are given. Finally the chapter gives the approach and methodology used in preparing the ESMF.
Chapter two provides an overview of baseline information of the proposed development corridors. This includes brief descriptions of the topography, water resources, hydrology and the vegetation of the corridors. Also given inthis chapter is the socio-economic setting and the state of environment for each corridor.
Chapter three provides the relevant Malawi environmental policies and legislation applicable to the ISP. The chapter also gives the relevant World Bank operating safeguards and policies and finally compares the two to highlight any gaps that exist and to make the appropriate recommendations for addressing the gap.
Chapter Four describes the environmental and social impacts that are likely to be generated from the development phases (the planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance and the decommissioning phases). These environmental and social impacts are those that are perceived by the various key stakeholders that were consulted. The environmental and social impacts are linked to the environmental components that they are likely to impact upon and the sources of the impacts are also described. These include the civil works for the construction of the various project components and the various human activities that create strains on the natural resources and social services. The environmental and social impacts are the basis for the development of the environmental management and monitoring plans given in Chapter 6 Chapter Five gives a step-by-step presentation of the screening process for sites for future ISP activities. The screening process for main environmental and social impacts of the ISP are presented in distinct steps of: desks appraisal of the project activities and field assessments, the assigning of appropriate environmental categories, carrying out of the environmental work and the review and approval of the screening results and recommendations. .The chapter introduces procedures including checklists showing how identified future project activities, whose locations are unknown, will address environmental and social issues. The chapter also gives an insight of the public consultation and disclosure process. Chapter Six gives the environmental management and monitoring plan which is composed of the identified environmental and social impacts, the proposed mitigation measures and the responsible institutions for implementing the EMP. The chapter also describes the monitoring plan which contains the proposed institutions to carry out the monitoring activities, monitoring indicators, monitoring frequency and the costs for carrying out the monitoring activities. A comprehensive list of monitoring indicators is provided inthis chapter. Chapter Seven summarizes the implementation arrangements for the ESMF, by way of assigning tasks to the various stakeholders. The chapter details the activities that have to be carried out by the
13 Area Executive Committee; the District Administrative Staff at the district level and the various committees at the national level. Chapter Eight gives the capacity building and training requirements for the implementation of the ESMF. The proposed areas of training include: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, Environmental Policies, the screening process, identification of impacts and preparation of reports. The chapter also includes recommendation for training and awareness of social impacts including those arising from communicable diseases and lack of appropriate hygiene and sanitation. Chapter Nine gives the recommendations of the study, among them being that effective implementation of the ISP environmental and social management framework has to be looked at in the context of other existing environmental problems and those problems that may arise from other future project activities not related to ISP. The chapter also recommends that successful implementation of the ESMF will depend, to a large extent, on the involvement of the local communities. Finally the chapter gives specific recommendations, some of which are creation of awareness, use of the local community structures to implement the ESMF and the need to assist and support the Local Assemblies with adequate resources and equipment necessary for implementing the ESMF.
14 CHAPTER TWO: BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SETTING
2.1 RUMPHI - NYIKA- CHITIPA CORRIDOR
Topography: The Rumphi-Nyika-Chitipa corridor is generally flat (from Rumphi to Luvili - Nkhamanga Plains) and then it undulates up to Hewe Turnoff. From the turnoff passing through Nyika Plateau (Nyika National Park), the topography becomes hilly-mountainous up to Kaperekezi Gate. From Kaperekezi Gate through Nthalire, Wenya up to Chisenga and part of Chendo (Nthalire and Chisenga), the topography is generally hilly to undulating. From Chendo to Chitipa, the terrain is generally flat. Overall, 80-95% of the Corridor is dominated by hilly topography. Mineral Resources: The Rumphi-Nyika-Corridor is one of the richest places in terms of mineral resources. From North Rukulu River basin (Nyika National Park) to Msisi Forest Reserve lies a probable reserve of about 155 million tones of coal of which 650,000 tones are proven reserves in the Msisi Forest Reserve. Other mineral resources include 11,000 tones contained uranium deposits along the areas bounding North Rukulu River up to Karonga. Inaddition to the two mineral types, the corridor is rich ingemstones, which are spread throughout the Corridor. Hydrology: Major rivers supplying water to Rumphi, Bolero, the grater Nyika National Park and Nthalire originate from Nyika National Park. These rivers include Rumphi, Runyina, Luvili and Choyoti Rivers. Due to the good watershed management (as no one is allowed to cultivate or carry out any activity within the Park) these and other rivers are perennial and are generally supplying clean water. The main source of water supply to Wenya is Sekwa River, while the main source of water for Chitipa Boma and the surrounding villages isground water through boreholes.
Flora: The Corridor is endowed with rich biotic communities that include Brachystegia woodland covering almost 95% of the Corridor, Montane grassland, and evergreen forests., only found on the Nyika plateau. The Nyika National Park covers a representative sample of vegetation types found in the Corridor. Examples of some of the indigenous tree species include Acacia nilotica, A. polyacantha, A. nilotica, Faidherbia albida, A. Brachystegia, stipulata, B. manga, B.speciformis, Uapaca kirkiana, Protea, Parinari curatellifolia, Pericopsis angolensis, Pterocarpus angolensis, Pericopis angolensis, Alfzelia quanzensis, Adina microcephalia Khaya nyasica, various species of orchids, Juniperus procera, etc.
Fauna: The fauna species are mostly restricted to Nyika National Park and Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve due to high levels of hunting outside protected areas. Example of wildlife found in Nyika and Vwaza Wildlife Reserve include, Elephants, Roan antelope, Sable, Zebra, Lions, Buffalo, Reedbuck, Leopard, Eland, various species of birds and snakes, etc.
Socio-economic Profile: According to the Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping (VAM), 1996; (based on components of poverty, food deficiency and malnutrition), Chitipa is rated as the most vulnerable district in Malawi. According to the population by age distribution in Chitipa 15% of the total population of 126,799 are under 10 years; and 3.2% are aged between 65 years and above. Generally in all age groups females outnumber males. This signifies the importance of involving women in all development activities. The population density is one of the lowest in Malawi and in 1998 it was 30 persons per square kilometer with a population growth rate of 2.3%. Rumphi district has a total population of 128,360 and has similar social characteristics as Chitipa.
The main economic activities of the Corridor include agriculture and commerce. However, the challenges of farming are the scarcity of agricultural inputs. This is partly due to the poor road network, which contributes to the isolation of the districts from the sources of agricultural inputs. The majority of
15 the people run out of food in the months of November to February. During this time, the people resort to selling livestock, firewood and traditional beer. Commerce is mainly restricted to Rumphi Boma, Chitipa Boma and to some extent, Bolero Rural growth Centre, Nthalire Trading Centre and Chisenga. The main agricultural crops include tobacco (barley and flue cured) maize and groundnuts. Livestock production is quite prominent particularly at Nthalire and Meru near Chitipa Boma. Currently bee- keeping is being practiced in Nyika National Park by local communities surrounding the park and has high potential for growth. The Corridor is rich in mineral resources such as coal, uranium (found in Nthalire) and gemstone common along the Corridor. Large-scale mining has not yet started due to poor accessibility and infrastructure in the Corridor. Nyika National Park with its rolling hills, montane grasslands, evergreen forests and beautiful view points such as Domwe view Point and Lake Kaulime is a major national tourist attraction.
State of the environment: There is considerable deforestation along the corridor especially outside the borders of the Nyika National park where many people do not have alternative sources of energy to wood. On the other hand, the Nyika National Park, being a protected area, provides beautiful scenery spots like the Domwe and other view, points through the rolling grasslands and hills, Chisanga Falls, and Nganda Hill. There are evergreen forests such as Juniper Forest and numerous wildlife species that include the Zebra, Eland, Roan Antelope, Leopard, and Elephants. The Nthalire area, is rich in mineral resources such as coal, uranium, gemstones, etc which have not yet been exploited.
2.2 NTCHEU - TSANGANO - MWANZA CORRIDOR
Topography & Geology: The topography along the corridor has upland or mountainous landscape that includes the Kirk Range, along the Malawi-Mozambique border, covering the three districts of Ntcheu, Neno and Mwanza. The corridor has alluvial soils with the potential for agricultural development. Lithosols types of soils with moderate structure and acidity and sandy soils or stony ferruginous soils are prominent. Hydrology: The corridor is endowed with a variety of natural water resources, which include Lisungwi, Mwetang'ombe, (currently utilized for small scale hydropower generation at Matandani), Mkulumadzi, Mpamadzi, Bilira, Lisungwi, Mfundazi, Rivilivi, Kapeni, Likudzi and Mwanza Rivers that are perennial. The Kirk Range and its respective natural and exotic forests such as Thambani, Tsamba, and Tedzani form the catchment area for many of these rivers. Although boreholes are the main source of water within the corridor, the rivers are used to meet many of the domestic water requirements including livestock watering. Vegetation: The main tree species found in the forest reserves are Brachystegia species and Pericopsis angolensis among others.
Socio-economic Profile: According to the 1998 National Population and Housing Census, Ntcheu District has a population of 370,988 with an average population density of 108 persons per square kilometer. 53% percent of the population is female and 45% of the population is under 15 years of age. This signifies a high dependence burden on the population. Mwanza District has a total population of 136, 912 with an annual growth rate of 1.1 percent. The population density for Mwanza District is at 60 persons per square kilometer. 52 percent of the population is female and 45 percent is under the age of 15 years.
The corridor has a number of economic activities, which include agriculture, commerce and industry, forest products and mining. Agriculture is the main economic activity that includes the production of Irish potatoes, fruits such as apples, pears, guavas and tangerines. Beans, cotton, wheat, maize, tobacco, vegetables and livestock are also prominent products. Commerce and industry activities in the corridor include, small scale trading in charcoal, Irish potatoes, wheat and vegetables. Transportation business also contributes to the economy of the corridor. Forestry products include timber (especially from Dzodzi Mvayi forest) managed by the Department of Forestry. The corridor has 16 a wide range of mineral deposits, which include vermiculite, terrazzo, granite, gold, phosphate, limestone, uranium, salt, basal metals and gemstones, which are currently being exploited, commercially by Katsekera's Mineral Exploitation Mine (MINEX).
State of the Environment: Deforestation still stands out as the prominent impact on the environment due to lack of alternative energy sources such as solar energy for the communities. This is evidenced by a lot of charcoal sales along the corridor. Most of the trees have been cut down by people cultivating on areas that once had a lot of trees. Soil erosion along the corridor is significant due to the bare land exposed by deforestation. Gullies, especially along the rivers such as Lisungwi, are a prominent feature. Sanitation is poor since there are no formal waste management and disposal systems and no sewerage system in the corridor. Many of the rivers dry up during the dry season because there are not enough trees and little vegetation along these rivers. Siltation of the river beds is increasing rapidly.
2.3 MANGOCHI - CAPE MCLEAR CORRIDOR
Topography and Geology: The Mangochi - Cape Maclear corridor lies in the rift valley plain and is flat from Mangochi Boma to Monkey-Bay. The land becomes undulating to hilly from Monkey to Cape Maclear, with an altitude is below 600 metres above sea level. The geology of the Corridor comprises basement complex paragneisses and chamockitic and quartzo-feldspathic granulites.
Soils: The most predominant soils in the Corridor are the lithosols. These soils are generally shallow and stony occurring mainly in the rift valley scarp.
Hydrology: The major hydrological feature along the corridor is Lake Malawi, which supplies water to most of the sites along the corridor. The lake is an important and prominent tourist attraction site with holiday resorts and lodges along the shores.
Flora: The Corridor is characterised by savanna woodland. Common species include Acacia nilotica, Acacia nigrescens, Adansonia digitata, Savadora persica (common in termite mounds), Dalbergia melonoxion (Phingo), etc. The hills around Lake Malawi National Park comprise Brachystegia woodland
Fauna: The southern part of Lake Malawi, which is rich in fish species, forms the major feature of the Mangochi-Cape Maclear Corridor. The following fish species are commonly found in Lake Malawi: Alticorpus geoffreyi, Alticorpus macrocleithrum, Anguilla bengalensis labiata, Hemigramimopetesius barmardi, Lodotropheus sprengerae, Labeo cylindricus, Labeobarbus litamba, Labeobarbus caeruleus. Of particular importance to Malawi are Cichlidae communities such as the Labetropheuf commonly known as 'Mbuna" which are exported as omamental fish and which are also a tourist attraction for the Cape Maclear area.
Main Economic Activity: Mangochi District has a total population of 610,239 with 151316 households and a population density of 97.3 persons per square kilometer. 52% of the population is female. Over 90% of the population in the district is farmers, growing crops and rearing livestock. The main domestic animals kept by the farmers are cattle, goats, sheep, poultry, ducks, doves, pigs and rabbits. Food crops include maize, rice, sweet potatoes, cassava, groundnuts, beans, pigeon peas, cowpeas, Soya beans, fruits and vegetables. Main cash crops are tobacco, groundnuts and cotton, whose economic potential is steadily declining due to low producer prices. Fishing is one of the major sources of income and livelihood in the corridor.
State of the environment: There is heavy deforestation due to agricultural expansion and cultivation on marginal lands including steep slopes. Most trees have been cut down for curing tobacco, fuel wood
17 and brick curing as well as for building. Ground cover under the escarpment woodlands is very sparse. The woodlands are mostly in degraded state, with ground cover being almost non-existent, particularly in the dry season. Bush fires are prevalent in the corridor. Due to these barren grounds, the effects of soil erosion are very conspicuous. In Namwera, the area that was covered by savanna woodland of combretum, Acacia and Bauhinia has been entirely cleared for tobacco cultivation. This is the area where there is clear evidence of women walking long distances to fetch firewood. Siltation is severe due to cottage development and cultivation along the lakeshore and riverbanks. This is aggravated by inappropriate agricultural practices which have resulted in the degradation of aquatic habitat, burying of fish breeding grounds and shallowing of water levels. Disposal of human excreta in the lake has caused widespread Schistomiasis (bilharzia). This is negatively impacting on the tourism industry and is a health hazard to the indigenous population.
2.4 ZOMBA - PHALOMBE - MULANJE CORRIDOR
Topography and Geology: The topography along the corridor varies between undulating to flat. The diverse topographical characteristics cause climatic diversity. Metamorphic rocks of sedimentary and igneous origins underline the Corridor. There are different types of minerals and these include limestone currently being mined commercially in Zomba, phosphate deposits in Thundulu, Mulanje and bauxite deposits on Mulanje Mountain. Other minerals include heavy mineral sands, which could be used for glass manufacturing; and gemstones such as amethyst, and tourmaline.
Soils: The soils are mostly cacium-morphic, which are grey to dark brown in colour and are formed from alluvium. Around Lake Chilwa, hydro-morphic soils dominate.
Hydrology: The corridor is endowed with many rivers that include Phalombe River, in Phalombe; Likhubula River in Mulanje; and Thondwe and Likangala Rivers in Zomba. In addition to several rivers of importance, the Corridor has Lake Chilwa into which some of these rivers drain.
Flora: The most common vegetation type is that of Brachystegia (miombo) woodland. However, in terms of diversity, the corridor has high species diversity particularly on the Mulanje Mountain, Zomba Mountain, and Michesi Hill; and around the Lake Chilwa Wetlands. Examples of some of the plant species of importance, found in the Corridor are Widdringtonia appresoides (Mulanje Cedar), Khaya nyasica (Mbawa), Terminalia sericea (Napini), Pterocapus angolensis, Pericopsis angolensis, Lonchocarpus capassa, Parina curatellifolia, Dalbergia melanoxylon (Phingo), Albizia quanzensis, Barkea africana, etc. In addition to the various tree species, the corridor has forest reserves such as Zomba, Mtchesi and Mulanje Forest Reserves.
Fauna: The corridor has a number of mammal species, remnants of the various species that used to inhabit the mountain forests in Mount Mulanje, Zomba Plateau and Michesi Hills. The most common sightings include Klipspringer and hyrax/daise, the yellow sported daise blue monkeys, etc. About 94 bird species are found on Mount Mulanje most of which are considered endemic. The Thyolo Alethe, which is rare in Malawi, is only found between Mulanje Mountain and Namizimu Forest Reserve.
Fish species found in rivers and Lake Chilwa include Tilapia rendrarill (Chilinguni), Oreachromis shiranus chilwae (Makumba), Haplochromiscalliptera species (Makwale), Claris gariepinus (Mlamba), Pareutropius longifilis (Njenjeta-Nchejeta), Gnathonemus catastom (Mphuta), Barbus trimaculatus (Matemba, etc.
Socio - economic Profile: Zomba District has a total population of 540,428 according to the 1998 Population and Housing Census. The population density is 209 persons per square kilometre. 51% of the population is female and 42 percent of the population is under the age of 15 years old. Phalombe district has a population of 231,448 with a population density of 166 persons per square kilometre. 53.1 percent of the population is female and 45 percent is under the age of 15. Mulanje District has a 18 population of 428,322 with a population density of 204 persons per square kilometre. 48 percent of the population is under 15 years of age.
The corridor has a lot of economic activities, and potential for more of such type of activities. The existing economic activities are listed below:
* Agriculture: There are a lot of Agricultural activities along the corridor, with the main crops being maize, rice, cassava, sweet potatoes, beans, groundnuts, sunflower, cotton, vegetables, tobacco, tea, coffee and pigeon peas. Fruits include bananas, mangoes, avocado pears and watermelons. Livestock production includes rearing of cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, poultry, ducks and rabbits.
* Tourism: The prominent tourism attraction sites along the corridor include Lake Chilwa, natural green vegetation on Michesi Mountain, North Mulanje Mountain forest reserve, and Fort Lister national monument, Mulanje Mountain, Likhubula falls, and Motels and Lodges.
* Mining: There are mining activities, exploiting heavy mineral sands at Mpyupyu, small-scale quarry at Lake Chilwa Island, minerals such as marble and phosphates at Tundulu. Bauxite availability on Mulanje Mountain.
* Fishing: This is also one of the main economic activities along this corridor especially around Lake Chilwa and Mpoto lagoon. A lot of Matemba fish is found a long the corridor from Lake Chilwa.
* Forestry: There is a lot of activity in the forestry industry along the corridor especially on Mulanje north, Michesi, and Sombani forests. The activities include logging, and timber harvesting for construction timber and for production of furniture as well as for export to neighboring countries.
* Markets and industry: Most of the People are engaged in marketing and industry, which include both small scale and large scale businesses such as retailing, fish vending, wholesale shops, bakeries, carpentry and traditional beer brewing.
State of the environment: The corridor, on the South of Zomba, has a 19,018 hectare conserved forest, known as ther Zomba-Malosa Forest Reserve Area. 15418 hectares of this forest reserve are covered with indigenous trees and 3,000 are planted with pine trees. The Zomba-Malosa Reserve maintains the ecological balance in the Zomba area by checking soil erosion, aiding recharge of ground water to maintain the water flow in the rivers and maintaining the biodiversity. Of late however, the reserve, especially on the Malosa side has experienced incidences of wanton cutting down of trees for firewood, timber and charcoal due to increase in population and lack of awareness of forest conservation needs and practices. According to the 1996 survey conducted by the National Statistics Office, 84 percent of the households in the district relied on wood as their main source of fuel for cooking. The present loss of tree cover indicates that the state of deforestation has worsened. Initiatives to combat deforestation include the establishment of 3,600 hectares of forest plantation by the government, 607, hectares by the District Assembly and 1142 hectares of fuel wood plantation by the local communities.
On the Phalombe-Mulanje side, the corridor is covered with trees and vegetation. The main catchment areas are the Mulanje and Michesi, These catchment areas have the rivers Likangala, Thondwe, Sunuzi, and Phalombe. Deforestation in parts of the catchment has caused gullies especially along the rivers. As a result, the Phalombe area experiences recurrent floods which destroy settlements as well as crops for the communities. The areas surrounding Lake Chilwa have poor sanitation and as a result,
19 most of the waste is washed down into the lake. The communities do not have reliable toilets since the soils are generally sandy, posing difficulties to construct pit latrines. Lack of appropriate toilet facilities results in cholera and bilharzia cases. 2.5 BANGULA -TENGANI-NSANJE- MAKOKO CORRIDOR
Topography: The corridor generally has hills and an extensive number of flood plains that lies along the Shire valley, with fertile alluvial soils of high potential for agricultural development. A rift valley scarp characterizes the western part. The average height is 457m above sea level, rising to over 914m at Malavi hills. Most of this range is deeply dissected and is left for watershed management. The lower Shire valley is classified as the rift valley floor. It is tilted down slightly from the west to the east. The average height is 61m above sea level around Nsanje area. Marshes occur along the Shire River. Ndinde is the major marsh area in the corridor, covering an area of 16 square kilometers. The elephant Marshes are located above Chiromo Bridge. The fringes of the marshy areas are suitable for growing rice and Dimba cultivation. Soils: The most predominant soils are the lithosols. These are shallow and stony, occurring mainly in the rift valley scarp. Pockets of ferrallitic soils found within this zone are suitable for intensive cultivation of maize, tobacco, and groundnuts. Alluvial calcimorphic soils and gray brown earths occur around Elephant and Ndindi Marshes as well as along Shire River. These are intensively cultivated during the dry season.
Mineral Resources: Other than the mining of blue sulphur and corundum in T. A Makoko, there are no known viable mineral resources in the district. It is speculated that there are some copper deposits in some areas of the corridor. Hydrology: The corridor is blessed with the Shire River as the major source of water for small-scale irrigation, fishing and other domestic purposes. The Malavi hills and a number of surrounding hills form the catchment area for many of the rivers including the Shire. The average annual rainfall is 813mm. There is a steady increase of rainfall following the topographic gradient from Shire to the Western Hills where the average is 1317mm. The main source of water are groundwater extracted through use of boreholes.
Flora: The vegetation along the Corridor is mainly savanna grassland. Common tree species include Acacia species, Sterculia appendiculata S. quicoloba, and Combretum imbebe . One canopy of woodland of hills and scarps is a particular feature of the rift valley escarpments where thin and stony soils occur. Brachystegia woodland dominates the hills. Woodland savanna of mixed tree species occurring within the corridor include Acacia nilotica, A. nigrscenes, Combretum and acacia. Perennially wet grasslands are found in the wettest area of Elephant and Ndindi marshes. The major components of this sub-class are Typha australis,Vossia cuspidate,Pennisetum purpurea among others. Socio-economic Profile: Nsanje District has a total population of 194,929 people with 43,491 households and a population density of 100.4 persons per square meter. 52% of the population is female. The main economic activities of the Corridor include agriculture and commerce in fish, sweet potatoes, maize, groundnuts, millet, nuts and cotton. Transport and tourism are other economic activities that are prominent in the corridor. These economic activities have potential to stimulate economic growth and development at both local and national level, if production can be supported by increased investment in both human and infrastructure development.
State of the environment: Soil erosion is vividly evidenced by open gullies in the upland areas where people are opening up gardens. Over reliance on fuel wood for fish processing is aggravating the problem of deforestation and preventing the restoration of the natural vegetative cover, thereby destroying natural habitat for wildlife. Over-fishing is another major environmental problem, especially in Makoko area where there is a remarkable decrease in fish catch. The Shire River is usually flooded
20 during rainy season and all settlements close to the river are continuously at risk. There is water level monitoring, which also serves as an early warning system. However, the performance of this system needs to be improved. The construction of the proposed Nsanje Port may increase the rate of soil erosion within the port area, if sound environmental management measures are not put in place. Increasing loss of fertile soil poses a threat to the development of agriculture as the fertile soil is eroded down to the river, Surface and ground water pollution is of environmental concern due to lack of toilets and the use of inappropriately designed pit latrines. The area is very flat, requiring elaborate and efficient surface drainage systems.
21 CHAPTER THREE: RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND THE WORLD BANK POLICIES
3.1 MALAWI LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO ISP IMPLEMANTATION
A number of legislations, policies and instruments are available to support environmental management and the environmental impact assessment process in Malawi. The Environmental Management Policy and the Environment Management Act are the key instruments that cover environmental management in all the sectors of development. The Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines prescribe the process, procedures and practices for conducting an EIA and preparing the EIA reports. In addition to these instruments, there are sector specific policies and legislations that prescribe the conduct for managing the environment. Summarized below are some of the policies and legislation that are directly relevant to the implementation of the ISP.
The National Environmental Action Plan
The Government of Malawi signed the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development in 1992 and committed herself to putting in place tools and mechanisms that ensure sustainable utilization of her resources. One of the outcomes of the Rio Conference was the Agenda 21, an action plan for sustainable development in the 21St Century. The Agenda 21 required that the Government prepares a National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP). The NEAP, developed in 1994, provides the framework for integrating environmental protection and management in all country development programmes, with the view to achieving sustainable socio-economic development.
National Environmental Policy 2004
Based on the findings of the NEAP, a National Environmental Policy (NEP) was developed in 1996, and revised in 2004. The NEP highlights the areas of priority including efficient utilization and management of natural resources. It accommodates the private sector, CBOs, NGOs and the community to participate in the initiation and mobilization of resources, to achieve sustainable environmental management. It also provides for the involvement of local communities in environmental planning. The policy empowers the communities to protect, conserve and sustainably utilize the nation's natural resources. It advocates enhancement of public awareness and promotion of public participation. It also prescribes cooperation with other governments and relevant international / regional organizations in the management and protection of the environment. The NEP objectives set a foundation for addressing a broad range of environmental problems facing Malawi. The overall policy goal of the NEP is promotion of sustainable social and economic development through the sound management of the environment in Malawi.
Environment Management Act 1996
The Environment Management Act developed in 1996, outlines the EIA process to be followed in Malawi and requires that all project developers in both the public and private sectors comply with the process. The act sets out the powers, functions and duties of the Director of Environmental Affairs (DEA) and Environmental Affairs Department (EAD) in implementing the EIA process. The Act does not provide for an environmental and social screening process for those projects whose location and extent are not yet known at the inception and planning stage. However the EIA Guidelines prescribe the types and sizes ofprojects, which should be subject to EIA.
In the Infrastructure Services Project, some of the project activities may fall under the list of prescribed projects. Hence, EIA studies have to be conducted, before implementation of the project activities. Since the project locations and the extent of project activities are not exactly known at this time, an environmental and social management framework is required for environmental and social screening.
22 Malawi Economic Growth Strategy
The Malawi Economic Growth Strategy (MEGS) is focused on stimulating growth by promoting private sector investment, growth and trade in some high potential sectors such as mining, agro-processing and manufacturing. The MEGS identifies limitations (to economic growth) such as weak transport, infrastructure, high transport costs, and unreliable and expensive utilities. In light of this, the Infrastructure Services Project was formulated to stimulate broad-based economic growth and public service delivery in selected districts; and to improve access to reliable infrastructure service as well as to exploit the productive potential of farm and non-farm enterprises.
Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy
The overall goal of the Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy (MPRS) is to achieve sustainable poverty reduction through empowerment of the poor. The MPRS regards the poor as active participants in economic development rather than helpless victims of poverty. The MPRS seeks to re-orient trade and industries to ensure increased contributionsof the industries to Growth Domestic Product (GDP). This is one of the objectives of the ISP.
Decentralization Policy
The Decentralization Policy, developed in 1998 devolves administration and political authority to district level, in order to promote popular participation. The Decentralization Policy assigns certain responsibilities to District Assemblies. One of the key responsibilitiesis to assist the govemment in the management and preservation of the environment and natural resources. In light of this devolution, the District Assemblies will play a very important role in the implementation of the environmental management process and plans for the ISP.
Malawi National Land Policy, 2002
The Malawi National Land Policy is the principal policy that guides land management and administration in Malawi. The policy introduces major reforms intended for land planning, use, management and tenure. It provides clear definition of land ownership categories (Section 4), and addresses issues of compensation payment for land (Section 4.6).
The policy has provisions for environmental management, urban management of solid and liquid wastes, protection of sensitive areas, agricultural resource conservation and land use, community forests and woodland management. Of particular importance to the ISP are the requirements in Section 9.8.1 (b) of the policy, that environmental impact assessment studies shall be mandatory before any major land development project is carried out; and in Section 9.8.1 (c) that development activities in fragile ecosystems such as wetlands, game reserves, forest reserves and critical habitants will only be permitted after the appropriate authority has conducted an environmental impact assessment study.
National Parks and Wildlife Act (2000)
The Act primarily deals with the protection and sustainable management of wildlife. Of relevance to ISP is Part IV relating to Wildlife Impact Assessment (WIA). This permits any person to request the minister, through the Wildlife Research and Management Board, to have a WIA prepared, where they have sufficient reason to believe that any proposed or existing govemment process or activity may have an adverse impact on any wildlife species or the community. Considering that some components of the Infrastructure Services Project may be conducted in national parks or wildlife reserves, it is important that these provisions are taken into account and that appropriate action is taken accordingly. For instance, a Wildlife Impact Assessment (WIA) would be required, should major
23 construction activities be carried out in the Nyika National Park, to assess the impacts on natural habitats, cultural property, forests and people who might lose access to the parks resources.
National Parks and Wildlife Policy (2000)
The goal of the National Parks and Wildlife Policy is to ensure proper conservation and management of wildlife resources in order to provide for sustainable utilization and equitable access to the resources; and the sharing of benefits arising from the use of the resources for both present and future generations. One of the objectives of achieving this goal is to ensure adequate protection of ecosystems and their biological diversity through promotion and adoption of appropriate land management practices that adhere to the principle of sustainable development. In the implementation of the ISP, precautions have to be made and measures have to be put in place to ensure conservation of wildlife resources.
Water Resources Act (1969)
The Water Resources Act (1969) deals with control, conservation, apportionment and use of water resources of Malawi. Of relevance to the project is Section 16 of the Act which states that it is an offence for any person to interfere with, alter the flow of, or pollute, or foul any public water. This means that the proposed ISP must take this into account when developing new water supply facilities or improving the existing ones. ISP must also ensure that waste water from water supply points does not pollute the environment.
Water Works Act The Water Works Act No. 17 of 1995 is the basis for the establishment of the Regional Water Boards. The Act sets out the powers of the Regional Water Boards in their specific water supply areas. The powers include the power to levy and enforce payment of water rates in accordance with the Act, in the Board's Water Supply Areas. The Act also empowers the Boards to have control and administration of all waterworks and all water in such works; and to manage the supply and distribution of such water in accordance with the Act. Since the Regional Water Boards are participating in the ISP as key stakeholders, their participation will facilitate proper cooperation and coordination to ensure that the interests of both the Water Boards and the ISP are met.
Electricity Act
The Electricity Act prescribes the conduct of ESCOM with respect to the installation, operation and maintenance of electrical infrastructure services. For the ISP, the following should be noted: * ESCOM has the right to enter any land it may need to survey in the course of its duties, subject to giving landowners/occupiers 14 days notice. The same period of notification is required if plants are to be removed. * ESCOM is required by law to give landowners/occupiers a months notice prior to construction work * ESCOM has to obtain the permission of the occupants of any building under which it wishes to lay an electricity cable. * ESCOM '... shall make good to the reasonable satisfaction of local or other authority, or the owner as the case may be of all public/private roads, streets and paths opened or broken by the Commission, in the course of its operations. The Commission shall also pay fair and reasonable compensation or rent or both for all losses or damage caused in the execution of any of its powers in the Act * ESCOM is liable for any damages that may result from work carried out on its behalf
24 * ESCOM is required to notify the relevant Minister .... of any accident of such a kind to have caused or to have been likely to have caused loss of life or serious personal injury... in connection with ... transmission lines or other equipment....'. In the implementation of the ISP, the above obligations by and on behalf of ESCOM (as the case may be) have to be met.
Forestry Act (1997)
The Forestry Act (1997) deals with the management of indigenous forests on customary and private land; forest reserves and protected forest areas; woodlots and plantation forests; and it also deals with crosscuKting issues including law enforcement and fire management.
The Act underlines the need for EIA studies for projects in the forest reserves or forest- protected areas. The Forestry Act gives the Forestry Management Board the responsibility to approve EIA reports for proposed projects within forest reserves and protected forest areas.
Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (1997)
The Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (FCMA) enacted in 1997, identifies issues which may have a bearing on the proposed project such as: degradation of spawning grounds by siltation and changing flow regimes; retention of the unique biodiversity of Lake Malawi and identification of pollution and monitoring sources. The proposed ISP should take these issues into account to ensure that it does not adversely affect fish resources.
3.2 RELEVANT WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES
The proposed Infrastructure Services Project will trigger three of the World Bank's safeguard policies, namely, OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, OP 4.12 Involuntary ReseKtlement and OP 7.50 International Waterways. The OP 4.01 is the most relevant and applicable safeguard policy for this study. Both policies are summarized and compared with national legislation in the sub-sections below: Environmental Assessment (Operational Policy 4.01)
The objective of OP 4.01 is to ensure that Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound and sustainable, and that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions and mitigation of their likely environmental impacts. This policy is triggered if a project is likely to have potential adverse environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence. The construction and rehabilitation of infrastructure under the ISP, is likely to have environmental impacts, which require mitigation. Therefore, in line with this Operational Policy, this environment and social management framework for screening of the ISP activities has to be prepared.
Involuntary Resettlement (Operational Policy 4.12)
The objective of OP 4.12 is to avoid or minimize involuntary reseKtlement where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs. Furthermore, it intends to assist displaced persons in improving their former living standards; it encourages community participation in planning and implementing resettlement and in providing assistance to affected people, regardless of the legality of title of land. This policy is triggered not only if physical relocation occurs, but also by any loss of land resulting in: relocation or loss of shelter; loss of assets or access to assets; loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected people must move to another location. For the ISP, a separate ReseKtlement Policy Framework to provide guidelines on land acquisition and reseKtlement has been prepared.
25 Projects on International Waterways (Operational Policy 7.50)
The objective of OP 7.50 is to ensure that projects that impact on international waterways do not affect the relations between the Bank and its borrowers and between states (whether they are members of the Bank or not). The Bank recognizes that the cooperation and goodwill of riparians is essential for the use and protection of the waterways. Therefore it attaches great importance to riparians' making appropriate agreements or arrangements for the entire waterway or any part thereof. In cases where differences remain unresolved between the state proposing the project (beneficiary state) and the other riparians prior to financing the project, the Bank normally urges the beneficiary state, to offer to negotiate in good faith with the other reparians, to reach appropriate agreements or arrangements. This policy is triggered if a project affects relations of riparians negatively by the increased use of water resources or by significantly polluting the water. For the ISP, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has initiated the notification of the riparians.
A summary of the World Bank's safeguard policies that are relevant to ISP is provided in Appendix 6.
3.3 GAPS BETWEEN WORLD BANK POLICIES AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION
* Environmental Assessment Both the Malawi environmental legislation and the World Bank OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment have provisions for preparation of environmental impact assessment for projects that are likely to cause adverse environmental impacts; and preparation of a Resettlement Policy Framework for projects that may result in relocation of people, loss of livelihood, or loss of assets. For the case of Malawi legislation, there is no provision for environmental screening of projects whose activities and locations are not known. On the other hand, the Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the extent and type of environmental assessment. The Bank further classifies proposed projects into one of four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project, and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. The World Bank Policy calls for compensation at replacement value and states that land owners with title, land owners/users without title (but recognized through traditional means) and those with no land title, including squatters, are eligible for compensation. This ESMF is aimed at providing the process and procedures for bridging the gap that exists between the Malawi environmental legislation and the World Bank's Policies for the projects whose activities and locations are not known. However, it is recommended that the relevant sections of the Malawi environmental legislation be revised to incorporate the screening process for project activities whose location and activities are not known. * Involuntary Resettlement While the World Bank policy on involuntary resettlement requires the preparation of a Resettlement Policy Framework for projects that may result in relocation of people, the Malawi National Land Policy is not very clear on the procedures to be followed for cases requirng resettlement and compensation. As a result, resettlement and compensation issues have to be determined for each project, individually. This has the derogatory effect of always putting the displacement persons at a disadvantage. The preparation of the Resettlement Policy Framework facilitates the brdging of the gap and ensures that the project' affected persons are adequately catered for and that their livelihoods are restored or improved in comparison with the original conditions. It is therefore recommended that the Ministry responsible for land matters should develop appropriate policies to be followed when people have to be resettled and compensated.
International Watervvays
The Malawi Water Resources Policy recognizes Malawi's obligations to the neighbouring riparian states and the international community in planning, development and management of shared water resources. While this is so, the Malawi legislation is not very explicit on how cases of increased use and pollution of shared water resources 26 should be handled. The Bank's Policy recognizes the importance of cooperation and goodwill between reparian states and attaches great importance to riparians' making appropriate agreements and arrangements with respect to the protection of shared waterways. The Banks Policy goes further to require confirmation that the riparians have entered into agreements or arrangements; or that they have established the institutional framework for the international waterways concerned. The Bank further requires details of notification including period of reply and the procedures in case there is an objection by one of the riparians to the project affecting international waterways.
27 CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The typical project activities to be implemented under each of the priorty sectors in the selected 5 project corridors are broadly categorized into the: * Planning and design; Construction and rehabilitation; * Operation and maintenance and; * Decommissioning and closure phases.
This has been done in order to identify some of the main potential and significant environmental and social components that would be impacted by the project activities of the nature proposed for the ISP.
Each of the project phases listed above have environmental and social consequences on the different environmental components such as soil, water, air and the society. Table 4.1 below relates the project activities of the four project phases to the environmental components.
As can be seen from the table, most of the impacts will be felt during the construction and rehabilitation phases of the project while fewer impacts will be felt during the operation and maintenance phase; and the least number of impacts will be experienced during the planning and design phase of project implementation.
28 Table 4.1: An Outline of Typical Project Activities and Examples of Potential Impacts of Infrastructure Services Project (Roads, Water Supply and Sanitation, Telecommunication and Elecricity)
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
U) to o0 CD 0 U * o - 0 - - -a. - o 0co 0 = 0 .0 49 0D t 0) tA 0 co .0 owU E 2 Z1 E .- co U) 0 0 Cr co co~. 0 - U oE0 U-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~0 co
PLA0N-N0 0. - 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DESIGNA
Mobilization- U) 0~~ 0 CD0 = = of stakeholders======0 0 =20 ' ==co_ X _ 0 _ 0 - ou2X 0.yin CL~~~~~~~~~ U) 0j th - s X-- .U U) Pr0 _0ect0 di _ 0_ X PROJECT ACTIVITE 0 U'0 ' 'C 0 4-cc.g.. Z -i m L U.. ..J z WU)t 0 = 40 PLANNING AND DESIGN Mobilization of stakeholders X Site Identification X XX X X X X X Surveying of the project site X x -x - X X XX X X Project design X X CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION Mobilization of resources X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX Land Clearing Activities X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Diversion of rvers X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X Acquire construction materials X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X Construct power lines X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Constructroads X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Construct telecom lines X X X X X X X X X X X X Installwaterpipes X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Construct boreholes/intakes X X X X X X X X _ X X X X X X X X X X Rehabilitate infrastructure X X X X X X XXX XX X X X X X X X X Demobilize resources X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X OPERATION & MTCE Water abstraction X X - X X X X = X X X XX X X X Water supply X X X X X Provision of employment _ X X X X X X Scheme Management X X X X X X XX X X X
29 -~
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0 ~ tCDCl'CD CD~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~C - CD~~~~~~~~~~(
-o D x x Sol 0~x x- n xa - -
0 -- M-W-n C 2 X~ _ _< _ <> _X_ Geology
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O~~~~~> ___xx Topography
CD 0 O x>x x Surface water resources Z0
x>< _~ x <>x xx<<> _x SurFace water quality
-o~~~~~~~~~~~ol(D ______x __ _ _Groundwater resources
CDR _ __x_ Groundwater quality
CDI n) I I I ~~~~~~~~~Archeology/Paleontology
CD - - - - - < > >
CD _< _ _xx>< >< x x _x Terrestrial Fauna
CD) B __ _X>< I Aquatic fauna
CD Airquality
Noise and vibration and sites O ______Cultural heritage
_< x _I x< xI x ~>
x x x x ~~~~~Current land use
x x<< x< x x x Future land use options
x< x Localeconomy
1>>< >< Nationall economy
x xx x x x ~~Existing infrastructure and
x x Healthand safety values x >__ x< x The Infrastructure services and related project activities will generate environmental and social impacts during implementation, operation as well as during decommissioning. This is because: * The civil works for new structures will involve construction on virgin land thereby affecting the forests, animals and other natural resources; * The rehabilitation works will require demolition of existing infrastructure and will generate rubble and waste that will need to be disposed of properly; * Both the new civil works and the rehabilitation works may require new land for road by-passes and for construction of temporary structures; * Civil works for new structures as well as rehabilitation works will affect the communities both physically (air and water pollution, nuisance and contamination etc.); and socio-economically (land use, income generation, mobility and community association) * The water supply services will require additional water abstraction, resulting in changes in ground and surface water regimes, both inside and outside the project impact areas; * Additional use of water resources will result in the increase in waste water generation; * Water supply activities and other civil works may cause water stagnation and sanitation problems; * The increase in numbers of people within the project location / areas will result in depletion of natural resources, pollution of public waters and degradation of soils. Consequently, several environmental components will be affected in one way on another by such activities; * The increase in interaction of different types of people will result in social and health problems caused by various diseases transmiKted among these people and arising from high pressure on social and health services such as educational and medical services and; * The unsafe disposal of spent PV bafteries will contribute to soil and water contamination. During the field investigations and public consultations the stakeholders identified key potential impacts that are likely to be generated by the project activities. These impacts, predicted for each of the corridors, are perceived to result from the anticipated project activities. Table 4.2 below contains the potential impacts to be generated by the ISP, as perceived by the key stakeholders during the public consultations. As it may be noted from the Table, concern for loss of farm land was expressed in the Rumphi-Nyika- Chitipa corridor where it was learnt during the Mzuzu workshop that there were some people in the corridor, who had not received compensation that was promised to them since 1975, from a road construction project. In the other corridors, particularly the Ntcheu-Mwanza-Tsangano and the Bangula- Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko, the people felt that the public consultations were delaying the implementation of the project which they were very anxious about and which they expected to start immediately. Issues of loss of property and compensation to them were therefore secondary in nature. The impacts perceived by the stakeholders, together with the consultant's professional experience and judgment, have been used to develop the generic environmental management plan given in Table 6.1 In addition to identifying the environmental and social impacts, the stakeholders expressed their views in general, about the project as indicated below: * The Infrastructure Services Project will play a very important role in the process of uplifting the people's livelihoods. The project is a very welcome idea and it is well overdue. Prolonged studies by the government were delaying implementation of the project. 31 * The selection of the development corridors could have been done in a more equitable way to spread development more evenly across the country. Stakeholders noted that the Southern Region of Malawi will benefit much more than the three regions, followed by the Northern and Central Regions respectively. * In general, those consulted were of the view that positive social and environmental impacts of the ISP will be many and that these will greatly outweigh the negative social and environmental impacts. * Some of the institutions consulted indicated the need to incorporate full cost recovery mechanisms into the project operation stage and to fully involve the private sector in the infrastructure services operation. * Public awareness campaigns should be carried out for beneficiary communities to sensitise them on general environmental and social management practices. * As much as possible the project should encourage the use of environmentally friendly technologies and the govemment should provide incentive measures to promote the use of these technologies * Effective monitoring of environmental and social management plans has to be put in place * Deliberate efforts should be made to encourage maximum participation of women in all stages of project planning and design; and implementation * The project should strive to use existing local community structures in the management and administration of the ESMF, in order to promote ownership and sustainability of the environmental management plans. 32 Table 4.2 Impacts as perceived by stakeholders and communities in the Projects Impact Areas CORRIDOR POSITIVE IMPACTS SECTOR NEGATIVE IMPACTS SECTOR Rumphi-Nyika-Chitipa Reduced transport costs R Potential loss of vegetation R Reduction of traveling time R Loss of farm land R Easy access to Market information T Increased soil erosion R Opening up of small agro processing factories R,T, E,W Increased accidents R, E More people to benefit from improved services T, E,W Population influx leading to dilution of culture R,T, E,W Reduction of waterborne diseases W Increased spread of STIs R,T, E,W Establishment of rural growth centres and towns R,T, E, W Opening up of mines R Improved tourism R,T, E, W Reduced deforestation due to availability of electricity (if E affordable) as an altemative energy source Improved learning facilities due to availability of electricity E Creation of employment opportunities R,T, E,W Ntcheu-Tsangano- Reduced wear and tear of vehicles R Soil erosion R Mwanza Facilitation of opening up of small industries and metal E Increased promiscuity leading to increased R,T, E, W fabrication enterprises incidences of HIV/AIDS Reduced deforestation due to availability of affordable E electricity as an altemative energy source Establishment of milling factories for wheat E Communication on national issues being discussed through T phone-in radio programmes Ability to communicate to call for ambulances R,T, E,W Comfortable traveling for patients due to improved roads R Fast and smart cooking using electricity E Facilitate capture of termites (ngumbi) E Opening up of mines for gemstones at Katsekera, gold, R,E uranium, lead and granite at Lisungwi Facilitate communication with potential customers T Elevation of social status, incomparison with their neighbors E in Mozambique, due to availability of electricity 33 CORRIDOR POSITIVE IMPACTS SECTOR NEGATIVE IMPACTS SECTOR Reduction of waterborne diseases W Use of flush toilets W Facilitate entertainment E Improved access to water W Mangochi-Cape Increased tourism E Maclear Facilitate fish processing E Reduced deforestation due to availability of electricity as an E 1 ~~~~~~~~~altemativeenergy source Increased operation of maize mills E Facilitate establishment of small scale industries e.g. Cotton E ginnery Facilitate pumping of water from the lake for irrigation (SFIP) E,W Increased access to intemet for tourists T Improved telecommunication T Improved water supply W Reduced soil erosion and subsequent siltation due to E availability of electricity as an altemative energy source Bangula-Tengani- Reduced deforestation and resultant soil erosion due to E Nsanje-Makoko availability of electricity as an altemative energy source Promote transport business R Reduction of traveling time to and fro Blantyre R Promote production and marketing of agricultural produce R, T, E, W such as sweet potatoes, maize, rice and fish Increased opening up of telephone bureaus T Easy communication with potential customers T Attract pensioners, who have acquired electrical equipment, E to go and settle in the area Increased and reliable power supply E Improved water bome sanitation resulting in reduced water W bome diseases Improved transportation of perishable produce thereby R reducing spoilage 34 CORRIDOR POSITIVE IMPACTS SECTOR NEGATIVE IMPACTS SECTOR Boost mining of coal at Bangula, gemstone at Lulwe and R,E copper at Makoko Improved ambulance mobility between remote areas and R hospitals Zomba-Phalombe- Boost existing markets and opening of new markets for rice, R Increased robbery due to fast transport R Mulanje sunflower Promotion of tourism to Mulanje Mountain R, T, E,W Increased promiscuity due to a lot of economic R,T, E,W activities Facilitate sell of fresh fish due to fast transportation R Reduced land holdings due to land being used for R roads Increased entertainment R Opening of borrow pits R Promotion of educational facilities R Increased deforestation R Reduction of water use conflicts W Loss of biodiversity R Availability of security lights E Increased accidents due to increased traffic R Increased bus operators due to better roads R Increased incidents of HIV/AIDS R, T, E, W Strengthened relationships due to improved communication T Theft of forest and forest products due to R improved accessibility Improved security due to better communication facilities R,T Destruction of existing infrastructure due to road R construction Improved health status due to improved water supply W Noise R Employment R,T, E, W Disturbance of families due to possible R displacement Improved women participation in business (due to possibility R of day trips convenient for married women) resulting from better roads R - Road construction and operation project activities T - Telecommunications construction and operation activities E- Electrical facilities construction and operation activities W - Water supply construction and operation activities 35 CHAPTER FIVE: THE SCREENING PROCESS FOR PROJECT SITES AND ACTIVITIES 5.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SCREENING PROCESS Specific details and locations of the project activities, for the Infrastructure Services Project are not known at this time. Therefore, the environmental and social screening process (the screening process) is necessary for the review and approval of the engineering plans, for the development of new and the rehabilitation of existing facilities of infrastructure. The objectives of the screening process are to: a) Determine which construction and rehabilitation activities are likely to have potential negative environmental and social impacts; b) Determine the level of environmental work required i.e. whether an EIA is required or not; c) Determine appropriate mitigation measures for addressing adverse impacts; d) Incorporate mitigation measures into the development plans; e) Indicate the need for a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), which would be prepared in line with the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), prepared for the ISP. f) Facilitate the review and approval of the construction and rehabilitation proposals; and g) Provide guidelines for monitoring environmental parameters during the construction, rehabilitation, operation and maintenance of the infrastructure service facilities and related project activities. The extent of environmental work that might be required, prior to the commencement of construction and rehabilitation of the ISP facilities, will depend on the outcome of the screening process described below in sections 5.2 to 5.5 (steps 1-4). A flow chart illustrating the screening process is provided inAppendix 2. 5.2 STEP 1: SCREENING OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND SITES Malawi's Guidelines for EIA, 1997 provide for categorization of projects into either List A or List B depending on the size, nature and perceived environmental consequences of a project. Where it is clear that project activities fall under List A of the Malawi EIA Guidelines, an EIA shall be carried out. However, where it is not clear that the project activities fall under List A or List B of the Malawi EIA Guidelines, the following procedure shall apply. Prior to going to the field, a desk appraisal of the construction and rehabilitation plans, including infrastructure designs, will be carried out by the District Environmental Sub-Committee at the district level. Subsequently, the Area Executive Committee, with assistance from the District Environmental Sub- Committee (DESC), which includes the Environmental District Officer, will carry out the initial screening in the field, through the use of the Environmental and Social Screening Form (Appendix 1). This form should be completed by personnel qualified in the implementation of the screening process. The screening form, when correctly completed, will facilitate the identification of potential environmental and social impacts, the determination of their significance, the assignment of the appropriate environmental category, the determination of appropriate environmental mitigation measures, and the need to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and or Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) where required. 36 To ensure that the screening form is completed correctly for the various project locations and activities, training will be provided to members of the Area Executive Committee (AEC) and the District Executive Committee including its DESC as required. 5.3 STEP 2: ASSIGNING THE APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIES The environmental and social screening form (Appendix 1), when completed, will provide information on the assignment of the appropriate environmental category to a particular activity for construction of new facilities or rehabilitation of existing structures. The DESC will be responsible for categorizing a construction or rehabilitation activity as either "B" or "C" (the ISP has been categorized as "B"; hence category "A" activities will not apply). Category "B" projects are those where few of the impacts are irreversible and therefore may need some limited EIA study; and Category "C"may not normally require an EIA. The assignment of the appropriate environmental category will be based on the provisions of the World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01), on Environmental Assessment. Consistent with this operational policy, most construction and rehabilitation activities under the Infrastructure Services Project (ISP) are likely to be categorized as "B". Some rehabilitation activities such as cleaning of road drainage systems or painting of water storage structures might be categorized as "C" if the environmental and social screening results indicate that such activities will have no significant environmental and social impacts. Thus, if the screening form has ONLY "No" entries, the proposed activity will not require further environmental work, and the DESC will recommend approval of this proposal to DEC and implementation can proceed immediately. The environmental category "A" (significant, irreversible impacts) will not apply to the construction and rehabilitation activities to be funded for the proposed Infrastructure Services Project. However, members of the AEC as well as the DESC will have to pay particular attention to proposals involving the construction of new facilities and the provision of infrastructure services such as new roads, new power lines and related infrastructure, new telecommunication transmission lines and the associated infrastructure, new water supply and sanitation infrastructure and new borrow pits as sources of construction materials. In the event that Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) will have to be prepared for the ISP activities, these would be reviewed and approved by the Commissioner for Lands, consistent with the Resettlement Policy Framework as well as the World Bank, prior to initiating compensation and commencement of project activities. Members of the DESC will receive appropriate environmental training so that they can perform this function effectively. The Environmental District Officer is the secretariat to the DESC and will therefore take a leading role in capacity building issues of the DESC. 5.4 STEP 3: CARRYING OUT ENVIRONMENTAL WORK After reviewing the information provided in the environmental and social screening form (Annex 1), and having determined the appropriate environmental category, the DESC will determine whether (a) the application of simple mitigation measures outlined in the Environmental and Social Checklist will suffice; or whether (b) a comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) will need to be carried out, using the 37 national EIA guidelines referred to in Appendix 4. 5.4.1 Environmental and Social Checklist: The Environmental and Social Checklist in Appendix 1 will be completed by qualified members of the AEC and the DESC. Some of the activities categorized as B (which may not require EIA) might benefit from the application of mitigation measures outlined in the checklist. In situations where the screening process identifies the need for land acquisition, a RAP shall be prepared consistent with OP 4.12. If there are already existing standard designs, the DESC, in consultation with the Project Planning Team will assess them for impacts on the chosen land site and the community; and modify the designs to include appropriate mitigation measures. For example, if the environmental screening process identifies loss of fertile agricultural fields as the main impact from the construction of a water storage reservoir, the mitigation measure would be for the DESC and members of the planning team to choose a site further away from the fertile gardens so that the livelihood systems are maintained. 5.4.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) The EIA process will identify and assess the potential environmental impacts of the proposed construction activities, evaluate alternatives, as well as design and implement appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring measures. These measures will be captured in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) which will be prepared as part of the EIA process for each sub-project. A typical Environmental Management Plan for the ISP works is included in Table 6.1 below. Preparation of the EIA, the EMP and the RAP will be carried out in consultation with the relevant stakeholders, including potentially affected persons. The DESC in close consultation with the Environmental Affairs Department and on behalf of the District Assembly and the Project Management Unit will arrange for the (i) preparation of EIA terms of reference; (ii) recruitment of a service provider to carry out the EIA; (iii) public consultations; and (iv) review and approval of the EIA through the national EIA approval process. The PMU, in close consultation with the DESC will prepare the RAPs, following the same process as that for the EIA. The Ministry of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys will bear overall responsibility for approving the RAPs 5.5 STEP 4: REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF THE SCREENING ACTIVITIES 5.5.1 Review Under the guidance of the DESC, the relevant sector committees at the district level will review (i) the results and recommendations presented in the environmental and social screening forms; and (ii) the proposed mitigation measures presented in the environmental and social checklists. Where an EIA has been carried out for List A or B projects, EAD will review the reports to ensure that all environmental and social impacts have been identified and that effective mitigation measures have been proposed. 38 5.5.2 Recommendation for Approval/Disapproval Based on the results of the above review process, and discussions with the relevant stakeholders and potentially affected persons, the DESC, in case of projects that don't require EIA, will make recommendations to the District Executive Committee for approval/disapproval of the review results and proposed mitigation measures and EAD, incase of projects that require EIA, will recommend EIA reports to the National Council for the Environment (NCE) for approval. 5.5.3 Approval/Disapproval Approval based on the results of the checklist will be done by the District Executive Committee whereas approval of the results of the EIA will be done by NCE. 5.5.4 Endorsement Subsequently, the District Executive Committee will forward its recommendations to the District Assembly for endorsement while NCE will forward its recommendations to the Minister responsible for Environmental affairs for endorsement. The corresponding RAPs would be reviewed and approved by the Ministry of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys. 5.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE According to Malawi's Guidelines for EIA (1997), public consultations are an integral component of the EIA requirements, and the guidelines identify the following principal elements: a. Developers are required to conduct public consultation during the preparation of Project Briefs and ElAs. b. The Director of Environmental Affairs may, on the advice of the Technical Committee on Environment (TCE), conduct his or her own public consultation to verify the works of a developer. c. Formal EIA documents are made available for public review and comments. Documents to which the public has access include Project Briefs, EIA terms of reference, draft and final EIA reports, and decisions of the Director of Environmental Affairs regarding project approval. The Director, on the advice of the TCE, will develop practices and procedures for making these documents available to the public. It is very unusual that an EIA will need to contain proprietary or market- sensitive information (i.e. technological and financial) which a developer would prefer to remain confidential. Unless public knowledge of such information is crucial to project review, and as provided under Section 25(5) of the EMA, the Director will comply with requests that such information does not appear inan EIA. d. Certificates approving projects will be published by the developer and displayed for public inspection. Public consultations are critical in preparing an effective proposal for the construction and rehabilitation of the project activities. The first step is to hold public consultations with the local communities and all other interested/affected parties, during the screening process and in the course of preparing the EIA. These consultations should identify key issues and determine how the concerns of all parties will be addressed in response to the terms of reference for the EIA which might be carried out for construction and rehabilitation 39 proposals. Annex G of the Guidelines for EIA (1997) provides details concerning the public consultation methods in Malawi. Such methods include press conferences, information notices, brochures/fliers, interviews, questionnaires and polls, open houses, community meetings, advisory committees, and public hearings. The guidelines for public consultation include, among others, a requirement that major elements of the consultation program should be timed to coincide with significant planning and decision-making activities in the project cycle. In terms of Malawi's EIA process, public consultation should be undertaken during (i) the preparation of the EIA terms of reference; (ii)the carrying out of an EIA; (iii) government review of an EIA report; and (iv)the preparation of environmental terms and conditions of approval. Further details are provided inAppendix G of the Malawi's Guidelines for EIA. Inthe context of the Infrastructure Services Project, the Government of Malawi will ensure that the relevant stakeholders, including potentially affected persons, will be consulted with regard to the potential impacts of the proposed construction and rehabilitation of infrastructure facilities and related project activities. Consultation methods suitable in Infrastructure Services Project would include workshops, community meetings, public hearings or information notices which would be organized by the Office of the District Commissioner. Copies of the ESMF for the Infrastructure Services Project would be made available to the public through these channels of communication. To meet the consultation and disclosure requirements of the Bank, the Malawi Government will issue a disclosure letter to inform the World Bank of (i) the Government's approval of the ESMF and the RPF; (ii) the actual disclosure of these documents to all relevant stakeholders and potentially affected persons in Malawi, and (iii) the Government's authorization to the Bank to disclose these documents in its Info shop in Washington D.C. The steps towards disclosure of the safeguard documents have to be completed prior to appraisal of the Infrastructure Services Project as required by the Bank's Disclosure Policy BP 17.50. 40 4 CHAPTER SIX: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLANS 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to ensure that the identified environmental and social impacts are mitigated, controlled or eliminated through planned activities to be implemented throughout the project life. The environmental management plan also provides opportunities for the enhancement of positive impacts. The EMP gives details of the mitigation measures to be undertaken for the impacts; and the responsible institutions to implement the mitigation measures. It is to be appreciated however, that the implementation of the management plan may be slightly modified to suit changes or emergencies that may occur on site at the time of project implementation. The plan therefore should be considered as the main framework that must be followed to ensure that the key potential negative impacts are kept minimal or under control. Inthis regard, flexibility should be allowed to optimize the implementation of the EMP for the best results in environmental management. For the ESMF, the environmental management plan consists of generic or typical environmental impacts that are derived from the site investigations, public consultations and professional judgment. This is because the specific and detailed impacts cannot be predicted without details for the project design and construction activities as well as the specific project locations. The ESMF will however, provide guidance in the development of more detailed EMP's, once the project design and construction details are known. An appropriate environmental management and monitoring plan will depend on the scope of identified major impacts to be addressed in the implementation of the project. Presented in Table 6.1 below is a generic or typical environmental management and monitoring plan, which would easily fit in the implementation of the ISP. 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTRACTOR The ISP will have a lot of construction activities in the identified sectors, particularly the roads sector. The contractor therefore, should make every effort to ensure that the mitigation measures outlined in the Environmental Management Plans, the Resettlement Action Plans and the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans are fully implemented as appropriate. The contractor shall ensure that the acquisition, transportation and storage of construction materials; and the disposal of construction wastes are done in an environmentally friendly manner. Where necessary, the contractor shall seek the advice and assistance of the relevant authority and specialists for handling and disposal of hazardous wastes. Appendix 7 provides environmental guidelines for the contractors to be engaged for the ISP activities. 41 TABLE 6.1: TYPICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN 1.0 IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION ATIVITIES l ITEM POTENTIAL PROPOSED CONTROL I MITIGATION RESPONSIBLE MONITORING MONITORING NO. ENVIRONMENTALI MEASURES AND TIMING INSTITUTION INSTITUTIONIINDICATORS FREQUENCY AND SOCIAL IMPACT COST 1 1 Nuisance Regulate traffic speed and movement Apply Contractor /Consultant MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT Monthly dunng the entire daily water sprays to suppress dust. AND PUBLIC WORKS perod of construction EAD K40,0001mth l______Number of complaints on dust l 1.2 Soil Erosion -Limit number of vehicles and area of ConsultantContractor EAD Monthly durng the entire construction. AGRICULTURE perod of construction - Compact loose material Quantities of soil lost K40,000Imth -Provide storm water drainage Formation of gullies 1.3 Water pollution from loose -Limit number of vehicles and area of Contractor /Consultant WATER DEPT. Monthly during the entire soil construction. EAD period of construction - Compaction of loose material -Diversion of storm water flows from Water quality (turbidity) K40,000Imth construction sites 1.4 Water pollution from oil -Proper and regular maintenance of vehicles Contractor /Consultant WATER DEPT. Monthly during the entire -Construction of oil interceptor for workshop EAD period of construction discharges Costs covered under -Construction of bund walls around fuel/oil Water quality (Oil content) 1.3 storage tanks 1.5 Contamination from -Construct proper waste disposal facilities Contractor District Assembly Monthly during the entire hazardous waste, -Ensure proper operation and maintenance of period of construction construction waste and waste disposal facilities Water quality (pollution Costs covered under solid waste parameters such as, BOD, COD, 1.3 Coliform etc) 1.6 Siltation and flooding of -Limit number of vehicles and area of Contractor /Consultant WATER DEPT. Monthly during the dry water bodies construction. EAD season and / or every - Compaction of loose material two weeks during the -Diversion of storm water flows from Water quality (Total and rainy season construction sites suspended solids) Proper design and construction of drainage Costs covered under channels 1.3 42 1.7 Loss of biodiversity -Minimize number of trees cut Contractor /Consultant FORESTRY Monthly during the entire (animals, trees, vegetation, -Limit construction area PARKS & WILDLIFE period of construction and greenery beauty). -Re-vegetation Number of trees cut K40,000/mth .I______Area of land cleared 1.8 Increase in accidents -Regulate traffic speed Contractor/Consultant EAD, ROAD TRAFFIC DEPT Monthly during the entire -Restrict pedestal movement on sites POLICE perod of construction -Install road signs -Number of accidents -Create prior awareness of danger of -Number of complaints against K50,000/mth construction activities potential accidents 1.9 Loss of farm land, other -Follow proper land acquisition procedures Contractor/Consultant AGRICULTURE, EAD ,LANDS Once durng design assets, or impact on -Provide altemative land -Area of land lost to project Every three months livelihood -Prepare RAP based on RPF activities durng construction -Provide compensation -Type and quantity of assets lost K50,000/mth 1.10 Population influx leading to -Recruit locals as much as possible Contractor/consultant EDUCATION & CULTURE, EAD Every month durng dilution of culture, increase -Carry out sensitization campaigns on impacts HEALTH AND POPULATION construction in theft and reduction of of theft, and dilution of culture etc LOCAL LEADERS farm land -Provide alternative land for farming Number of immigrants K50,000Imth 1.11 Increase in spread of STI's -Consult with local community and health Contractor NAC Once every month during workers to strengthen health awareness EAD construction -Provide HIV/AIDS and health awareness MIN. OFLABOUR education to all workers on the site HEALTH K50,000/mth Develop and implement an approprate OS & Number of cases of infected H policy persons 2.0 IMPACTS FROM OPERATION ATIVITIES 2.1 Vector diseases -Install aprons, drains and soak ways Consultant HEALTH,EAD Every month during the -Use lined drainage canals or pipes to avoid Contractor Number of new cases of infected entire operation water logging Water users persons -Conduct hygiene education Increase in population of vectors K40,000Imth 2.2 Pollution from Asbestos, -Avoid transformer oil spills through frequent Consultant MBS Every month during PCB and unsafe disposal and proper maintenance. Contractor EAD operation of spent PV batteres -Use approved materals for construction ESCOM I_____ MK40,000/mth 2.2 Deaths from electrocution -Civic education on the dangers of electricity Contractor EAD, ESCOM Every month during the Consultant Number of reported near miss entire operation cases. Number of reported deaths K40,000/mth 43 2.3 Increase in accidents -Regulate traffic speed Contractor/Consultant EAD, ROAD TRAFFIC DEPT, Monthly dunng the entire -Restnct pedestal movement on sites POLICE period of construction -Install road signs -Number of accidents -Create prior awareness of danger of -Number of complaints against K50,0001mth constwuction activities potential accidents 2.4 Increased cases of thefts -Civic Education Community Leaders ESCOM, TELECOMS Every three months and vandalism on electrcal -Provide security measures Number of reported faults related durng the entire period and telecommunication -Provide altemative IGA such as private to theft of operation infrastructure commercial telephone bureaus etc Number of service disruptions due to theft K40,0001qtr 2.5 Nuisance -Regulate traffic flow Traffic Dept ROAD TRAFFIC DEPT., EAD Every three months -Spray dusty roads with water Local Assemblies Number of complaints K40,000igtr 2.6 Diseases, increased crime Public awareness campaigns and civic Local leaders SOCIAL WELFARE Every three months levels, interference with education Community health HEALTH AND POPULATION local community structures, EAD K40,0001qtr loss of social values 2.7 Loss or disruption of -Upgrade local facilities e.g. school, clinics, as -Contractor ROADS DEPT Every three months important communal part of the ISP social responsibility -ISP participating ISP participating sectors pathways, public services programmes, sectors K40,0001qtr and utilities -Together with the relevant authorities Provide safe crossing points and new pathways I 3.0 IMPACTS FROM DECOMMISSIONING ATIVITIES 3.1 Nuisance -Regulate traffic speed and movement. Apply Contractor/Consultant ROAD TRAFFIC DEPT Monthly during the entire daily water sprays to suppress dust. EAD period of construction Number of complaints on dust K40,0001mth Disruption of surface water -Maintain clean storm water diversions around Contractor Consultant, EAD Monthly during the first flow large pits and excavations rainy season after -Backfill all voids where possible and reinstate decommissioning water courses around the sites Decreased employment -Pay terminal benefits where appropriate Contractor / ISP/Local MEP&D Ongoing levels leading to vandalism -Provide awareness and counseling for Leaders of project facilities retrenchment consequences -Hold meetings with local communities to discuss decommissioning and closure issues 44 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Environmental monitoring needs to be carried out during the construction and rehabilitation of the infrastructure service facilities, as well as during their operation and maintenance. Table 6.1 above gives the proposed monitoring institutions, monitoring indicators, monitoring frequency and the estimated costs for implementing the environmental monitoring plan for the ISP. In some cases, it may be appropriate to draw up an environmental monitoring plan separately from the environmental management plan. Where this arrangement is more convenient than the combined management and monitoring plan, the key elements of the monitoring table will be the same as those proposed in Table 6.1 above. The following monitoring arrangements for the ISP are proposed. 6.2.1 Rehabilitation of Existing Infrastructure and Construction of New Infrastructure and other Project Activities It is envisaged that the proposed ISP will construct and rehabilitate several facilities in the proposed project sites. Therefore, environmental monitoring will take place at the community level in the respective areas. During the rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure, members of the Village Development Committees and District Executive Committees will be responsible for the monitoring of: a) Construction techniques and inclusion of environmental design features as required in the architectural plans; b) Provisions for traffic safety, reduction of noise and dust levels; c) Construction of on-site waste management, proper storage of construction materials, sanitation, solid waste disposal, waste water disposal and; d) Implementation of plans for the restoration of the construction sites, once the construction/rehabilitation works have been completed. Area Executive Committees shall support the village level committees at all stages of the work including monitoring. To ensure operation and maintenance of the infrastructure facilities in an environmentally friendly manner, the Area Executive Committee within the proposed sites will appoint a monitoring committee. The Office of the Controller of Lands, in the Ministry of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys will be responsible for monitoring implementation of the RAPs and ARAPs. 6.3 MONITORING INDICATORS In order to be able to assess the environmental and social effectiveness of the proposed construction and rehabilitation of the infrastructure facilities and their subsequent operation and maintenance, the following monitoring indicators are proposed: 45 Table 6.2: Some of the key monitoring indicators Component of the Project Some of the Proposed Indicators for Selected Activities Land acquisition and Resettlement . Hectarage of land acquired of people from the project site . Type and amount of assets lost . Number of persons expressing willingness to relocate . Number of persons compensated and relocated. . Number of land use conflicts in course of projects . Number of cultural heritage and sites affected Construction works/Rehabilitation . Hectarage of land/forest clearance works . Area of infrastructure constructed/rehabilitated. . Number of borrow pits created * Number of pit latrines for excreta disposal for workers . Number of complaints against character and behavior of construction workers . Number of complaints against quality of construction materials . Number of road by-passes provided * Number of complaints on inconveniences caused by the construction works (complaints against dust, access, noise, water contamination etc) . Number of complaints against drainage works . Number of complaints against power supply disruptions . Number of complaints against water supply disruptions . Number of complaints against telecommunication disruptions * Number of cultural heritage and sites affected . Number of people infected with STIls * Number of accidents . Number of cases contravening health and safety procedures . Number of people employed from surrounding community Number of disposal sites Operational and maintenance of . Number of complaints against poor workmanship and quality of projects construction materials for roads * Number of conflicts of rights to land and water . Water abstraction permits . Quality of water discharged from the schemes and dams. . Sanitation around water points . Number employment opportunities for locals . Number of pit latrines for excreta disposal for workers . Number people/committees who/which attended HIV/AIDS awareness, environmental management training . Number of cases contravening health and safety procedures Decommissioning . Number of sites that are restored to original or better state in terms of environmental degradation. . Value of land after decommissioning of project activities 46 CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ESMF 7.1 DEFINITION OF ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The successful implementation of the ESMF, the EMP and the monitoring plans will require input, expertise and resources from all the key stakeholders including the ISP participating institutions. It will also require the participation and involvement of the local communities and the local leaders. Therefore these key stakeholders would need to collaborate at all levels, starting from the local (area level), district level and national level. Some of the stakeholders will require basic training in environmental and social screening. The relevant areas of training have been proposed in Chapter 8. The present Chapter will outline some of the selected and recommended activities to be performed by each of the key stakeholders, in order to successfully implement the environmental management plan activities and the screening process. (a)Area and District (Local) level * The Area Executive Committees will be responsible for completing the environmental and social screening form (Annex 1) to be able to identify the potential environmental and social impacts of the construction and rehabilitation activities; and to propose their mitigation measures. The screening process will be under the supervision of the Environmental District Officer, who will be assisted by the Director of Planning. As required, they will receive environmental training to be able to carry out this task. . The District Environmental Sub-Committee (DESC) will be responsible for (i) determining the environmental category and the extent of the required environmental work, based on the screening results. The DESC will also be responsible for determining the need for EIA and for RAP, and proposing mitigation measures for identified impacts. * The District Environmental Officer and the District Executive Committee will review and check the recommendations in the screening forms, review the proposed mitigation measures, conduct public consultations and make appropriate recommendations to the District Assembly for approval. * Monitoring of the construction to ensure that environmental designs are taken into consideration will be done by the ISP and EAD. (c) National level: * In the event that project activities under ISP fall under List A of Malawi's Prescribed Projects as outlined in Appendix B of the environmental guidelines, the District Assembly will consult the Director of Environmental Affairs who will be responsible for reviewing the EIA through the Technical Committee on the Environment (TCE). • The Director of Environmental Affairs may arrange for public consultations as part of the EIA process, in order to sensitise the communities and to create awareness. The Technical Committee on the Environment may require to carry out their own site and works assessment before making 47 the appropriate recommendations to the National Council for Environment (NCE). * The NCE will evaluate the recommendations of the TCE and make appropriate recommendations to the Minister for approval and issuance of the certificate. 7.2 SOURCE OF FUNDING FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES * The resettlement and land acquisition programmes will have to be funded by the ISP through the normal procedures, for payment of compensation, in consultation with the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Physical Planning. This activity will have to follow the procedures and steps laid out in the Resettlement Policy Framework for the ISP, prepared as a separate document * The proposed environmental training activities for the project will be funded directly by the ISP in accordance with the capacity building proposal given in Chapter 8 below. Estimated budgetary requirements for the proposed training activities are as given in Table 8.1. * Cost estimates for the rest of the activities in the environmental management plan cannot be given now since some of the project sites and activities are not known and may be demand driven. The main consultants for the project will therefore, have to cost these activities, together with the other main project activities, to ensure that the recommendations made in the environmental management plan are implemented. 48 CHAPTER EIGHT: CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING 8.1 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE ESMF Successful implementation of the ESMF will require dynamic and multi-disciplinary professionals that have general knowledge in environment management and that have specific skills in the use of the ESMF and the screening process. Therefore, regular short and tailor-made training courses and seminars will be required to reinforce the capacity and skills of the key stakeholders and officers, to carry out the environmental management activities of the ESMF. In particular, the key stakeholders participating in the ISP will require capacity building as follows: 8.1.1 The National Roads Authority The National Roads Authority has an Environmental Officer who works hand in hand with the Environmental Affairs Department on environmental matters. The Environmental Officer facilitates the preparation of EIA reports for road projects. These EIA reports are submitted to the Environmental Affairs Department for review and approval. The Environmental Officer also acts as the internal environmental inspector for implementation of environmental management plans for the NRA road projects. At the local Zone Offices, the NRA staff depends on the support of the Environmental Officer, to carry out environmental inspections and environmental management work. For the ISP, the skills of the Environmental Officer and other staff to be involved in the implementation of the ESMF, both at the headquarters and at the district level, will need to be enhanced. At the district level, the NRA staff will require capacity building for the ESMF implementation, particularly the screening process. 8.1.2 The Ministry of Water Development The Ministry of Water Development has the Water Resources Development policy and strategies that recognize that water, like any other natural resource, should be developed and managed to satisfy the present social and economic needs, without sacrificing the aspiration of the future generations. This policy is useful as a general guide in the development of environmental management projects for water conservation and water catchment protection. The policy is also important for the development of strategies for prevention of water pollution. For the ISP, the relevant staff, of the Ministry will need training to enhance their skills and their awareness levels, to enable them to appreciate the environmental and social problems associated with infrastructure development. This training will equip staff of the Ministry with the skills to guide policy implementation for the ISP, with respect to conservation and protection of water resources from pollution. 8.1.3 The Regional Water Boards The Regional Water Boards have the obligation for sustainable water resources use and management to promote water conservation and water catchment protection. Due to increasing environmental degradation 49 and water pollution, it has become imperative for the Boards to ensure that water resources are used in a sustainable manner, to avoid costs of developing new water sources, in place of drying up sources such as rivers, streams and boreholes. Hence, the Water Boards have become more environmentally conscious and some of them have recruited Environmental Officers. For the ISP, these officers and those involved in the ISP project activities, need to be trained in the implementation of the ESMF, specifically the screening process, to ensure sustainability of existing and the proposed water supply projects. 8.1.4 Electricity Supply Commission (ESCOM) ESCOM has an Environmental Officer who is responsible for the environmental management activities of the organization. These activities, among others, include the management of silt problems at their main hydro electrical generation facility at Nkula Falls in Blantyre and the management of the proliferation of the water hyacinth in the Shire River, which provides the hydro electric power. Although the Environmental Officer is very active in environmental management matters, he will benefit from the training in the application of the ESMF and the screening process so as to effectively participate in the environmental management of the ISP. 8.1.5 Ministry of Information and Tourism This Ministry will be responsible for the procurement of design; and contracting for the telecommunications component. The Ministry will ensure that negative environmental and social impacts arising from the construction of telephone lines and supporting infrastructure are adequately mitigated, by providing the necessary institutional support to the implementing department. The Ministry will also ensure that the environmental concerns are timely addressed by closely liaising with the Environmental Affairs Department. Hence, the ministry will benefit from the proposed environmental training for the ISP. 8.1.6 Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development District staff of the Ministry of Local Government will be the key players in the ISP at the local level. They will be responsible for coordination of the project activities with the participating institutions, in liaison with the PMU. In the implementation of the ESMF and the screening process, the District Administration will play a leading role through the EDO and the Director of Planning as well as the District Environmental Sub- committee. Members of the District Administration therefore will require thorough training in the implementation of the ESMF and the environmental screening process. In addition to the need for capacity building for the sectors directly participating in the ISP, there is need for training other stakeholders such as members of the Village Development Committees and members of the Area Executive Committee including the Chiefs and local leaders. Training and seminars will be required for building capacity and awareness in social and environmental issues including water and environment management, effects of deforestation and HIV/AIDS. Table 8.1 below provides the proposed areas of training and the cost estimates for the identified capacity building activities. The basis of the estimates is on the following: * Prevailing costs of goods and services offered in typical urban area or rural area. * An average number of 15 people for District Development Committee * An average number of 10 people for an Area Executive Committee. * An average of 10 people from the participating sectors 50 . The length of training course will be approximately 5 days . The estimated costs include training costs and fees, hire of rooms, food for participants, per diems, and transport costs. Training subsistence allowances have been estimated at US$50.00 per participant per day while a lump sum of US$10, 000.00 has been included for each training session to cover the costs of the trainer including provision of training materials. It is proposed that initially one training session should be carried out per corridor. The initial training is to be facilitated by EAD or a private consultant. Subsequent training sessions can be facilitated by the members of the District Development Committee with the assistance of an official from the Environmental Affairs Department or a private consultant. Table 8.1: Capacity Building Requirements and Cost Estimates RE OMMENDED TYPE OF TRAINING TARGET GROUP I MEANS OF VERIFICATION COST ESTIMATES (T INING ACTIVITY) TRAINER Environmental and Social Impact -District Executive -15 members of District Assessment Committee members Development Committees are US$20,000.00 Relevant Environmental Policies and -District Environment Sub- trained. (one session during the laws in Malawi committees -10 Area Executive Committee entire project period) World Bank safeguard policies -Area Executive Committee members are trained. The Screening Process. members -10 persons from the Venue: One of the district Strategic action planning for -Workers in project impact participating sectors trained. head quarters for each Environmental Management areas. corridor Use of checklists Length: 5 days Preparation of terms of reference. TRAINER: EAD AND/OR Identification of Impacts PRIVATE CONSULTANT Identification of mitigation measures UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI EIA report preparation and processing OR OTHER TRAINING INSTITUTION HIV/AIDS and Project Implementation. -ISP workers in project -15 Members of the District TO link up with and use Impacts of HIV/AIDS on social wellbeing, impact areas Executive Committee are trained NAC resources livelihood and projects -10 Area Executive CommiHtee (One session for each Mitigation measures TRAINER: NAC, Members are trained. corridor at the beginning of Care of the affected PLANNED PROGRAMME -10 Persons from ISP the project activities) Gender and Development ALREADY UNDERWAY participating institutions Venue: District Offices Length: 5 days Hygiene and sanitation - ISP workers in project -15 Members of the District US20,000.00 At the Water and sanitation related diseases impact areas Executive Committee are trained beginning of the operation Infrastructure needed on the scheme for - Water facility operators -10 Area Executive Committee phase of the project) sanitation enhancement Members are trained. Venue: The District offices Operation and maintenance of water TRAINER: PRIVATE -10 Persons from ISP Length: 5days point structures for good sanitation CONSULTANT AND/OR participating institutions Water Management WATER BOARDS Water supply Economic water utilization Water pricing Water rights and sharing 51 8.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED TRAINING ACTIVITIES Training in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment The training in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of projects is aimed at imparting the requisite knowledge and skill to the members of the District Executive Committee, the District Environmental Sub- committees and, ISP participating institutions and workers in project impact areas. This training is for the participants to appreciate the EIA process and to be able to carry out the necessary environmental and social tasks, particularly the environmental screening, management, monitoring and evaluation processes. These groups of people will need to fully understand the environmental and social implications of the project activities, so that they may be able to check or to complete the screening forms; or to provide the correct information for the EIA process to proceed as required. It is hoped that these groups of people will be able to replicate the training to other key stakeholders as necessary HIV/AIDS Awareness Training HIV/AIDS is one of the major factors that contribute to morbidity and frequent deaths among the rural community members and the Malawian productive labour force in general. The key stakeholders have to be given the necessary awareness to avoid contracting HIV/AIDS and to educate them on how they can assist those that are already affected by it. The participating institutions' personnel should know the impacts of HIV/AIDS on their social wellbeing, livelihood and on the success of the project. Water Management Training As a result of the severe environmental degradation in Malawi, water is now a scarce resource and hence there is need for prudent water management to optimize its availability and use. Inmany parts of Malawi and in the proposed project impact areas, it has been observed that the streams dry up during the dry weather thereby denying water availability to many users as well as the natural habitat and biodiversity. Training in water management will therefore equip the stakeholders and water facility operators with skills to ensure that water is effectively utilized and properly managed as a shared commodity. Hygiene and Sanitation Training In most of the existing water supply schemes that were visited, particularly at the communal water points, there was absence of appropriate sanitation facilities. Hence there were reports of prevalence of water and sanitation related diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery and skin diseases. Hygiene and sanitation training will educate the communities to maintain good health and to keep fit by avoiding water borne diseases, through basic sanitation principles and proper operation and maintenance of wastewater disposal channels and soak ways. 8.3 PROPOSED APPROACH IN EXECUTING THE TRAINING ACTIVITIES The training activities in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment can be conducted by the Environmental Affairs Department (EAD), private consultants or one of the University constituents under the supervision of EAD. This will have to be done at the beginning of the project, before the project activities start, so that the participants are ready in time to apply the knowledge during implementation of the project activities. Skills in the screening process will be very useful for assessing the environmental implications of the project activities before they start. The HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns would be conducted by NAC under their planned national activities. 52 The Ministry of Economic Planning and Development should collaborate with NAC on programmes that have already been drawn up. Hence there is no provision for costs in the Table 8.1 above. This training activity should also be conducted at the beginning of the project implementation. 8.4 PROJECT EQUIPMENT FOR STAKEHOLDERS DURING PROJECT PERIOD. The implementation of environmental mitigation measures for the project activities will require capital and office equipment such vehicles, computers, printers, photocopiers and telephones in order enhance movements and organization of meetings. It is recommended that at least one vehicle and the office equipment mentioned above should be made available to the district executive members in order to support implementation and monitoring of the recommended mitigation measures. Hence the main project budget should consider allocating these facilities to the districts in the project corridors. 53 CHAPTER NINE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This Environmental and Social Management Framework has been prepared in order to guide project implementers and other stakeholders to identify and mitigate environmental and social impacts of the ISP. It is recommended therefore that this framework should be used prior to any project activity of the ISP. In implementing this ESMF it should be noted that there will be different sources of social and environmental impacts, arising from existing and new project activities, apart from ISP project activities. Some of these project activities may be implemented outside the area of influence for the ISP. It is also to be appreciated that the project sites, proposed for the ISP, are dynamic and prone to environmental and social impacts that may be generated from activities of other future development projects. These impacts may affect the project locations for the ISP. It is expected therefore that the other existing and new project activities will have their own environmental and social management plans. In the same way it is hoped that the Environmental Affairs Department and other relevant line ministries will ensure that human activities that lead to deforestation and other environmental problems are properly managed and monitored. Successful implementation of this ESMF will depend to a large extent on the involvement and participation of local communities. It is therefore recommended that experts to be involved in the implementation of the project and the ESMF should, widely consult with the local communities. The implementers of this ESMF, in consultation with the local communities, should adopt and adapt (where appropriate) the screening process, checklists and the EMP to suit local conditions. Specifically it is recommended that: • Environmental and Social awareness and education for the key stakeholders and affected communities must be an integral part of the ESMF implementation; * District and local community structures should be adequately trained to implement the screening process, to develop and to implement appropriate Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plans; * This ESMF should be regularly updated to respond to changing local conditions and thereafter it should go through the national approval process and be sent to World Bank for review and approval; and it should incorporate lessons learnt from implementing various components of the project activities; . The District Assemblies should be assisted to develop appropriate information management systems to support the environmental and social management process; * The District Assemblies should be assisted with the necessary resources and equipment to be able to produce the screening documentation such as checklists and environmental and social management and monitoring forms; * The Environmental District Officer should be empowered to adequately administer the ESMF and should be given the necessary support and resources to ensure effective implementation. 54 This ESMF will provide ISP implementers with the screening process that will enable them to identify, assess and mitigate potential negative environmental and social impacts and to ensure proper mitigation and possibly the preparation of a comprehensive EIA and/or RAP where appropriate. Hence the following sections of the ESMF should be included in the Project Implementation Manual: . Sections 5.1 to 5.6 of Chapter 5,The Screening Process; . Sections 6.1 to 6.3 of Chapter 6, Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans; . Section 7.1 of Chapter 7, Implementation Arrangements and; . Sections 8.1 to 8.6 of Chapter 8, Capacity Building and Training Requirements for the ESMF 55 APPENDICES 56 APPENDIX 1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM Government of the Republic Of Malawi Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM FOR SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES PROJECTS INTRODUCTION This Environmental and Social Screening Form (ESSF1) has been designed to assist in the evaluation of planned construction and rehabilitation activities under the Infrastructure Services Project (ISP). The form will assist the project implementers and reviewers to identify environmental and social impacts and their mitigation measures, if any. It will also assist in the determination of requirements for further environmental work (such as EIA), and social work (such as RAP) if necessary. The form helps to determine the characteristics of the prevailing local bio-physical and social environment with the aim of assessing the potential impacts of the construction and rehabilitation activities on the environment by the ISP. The ESSF1 will also assist in identifying potential socio-economic impacts that will require mitigation measures and/or resettlement and compensation. Before using the Screening form, the evaluator should check whether the project falls under List A of Malawi's Guidelines for EIA; or whether it falls under Category B of the World Bank Operating Procedures, OP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment) and OP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement). If the project falls under List Category B, then an EIA or further environmental work e.g. Environmental Management Plan will have to be prepared and this screening form will not apply. GUIDELINES FOR SCREENING The evaluator should undertake the assignment after: 1. gaining adequate knowledge of baseline information of the area. 2. gaining knowledge of proposed project activities for the area. 3. having been briefed/trained in environmental and social screening. The form is to be completed by consensus of at least three people, knowledgeable of the screening process. 57 PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION Project Name Estimated Cost (MK) Project Site Funding Agency Project Objectives Proposed Main Project Activities: Name of Evaluator Date of Field Appraisal PART B: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES Provide information on the type and scale of the construction/rehabilitation activity (e.g. area, land required and approximate size of structures). Provide information on the construction activities including support/ancillary structures and activities required to build them, e.g. need to quarry or excavate borrow materials, water source, access roads etc. Describe how the construction/rehabilitation activities will be carried out. Include description of support/activities and resources required for the construction/rehabilitation. PART C: ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT SITE CATEGORY OF BASELINE INFORMATION BRIEF DESCRIPTION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION * Name of the Area (Distdct, T/A, Village) * Proposed location of the project (Include a site map of at least 1:10,000 scale) LAND RESOURCES * Topography and Geology of the area * Soils of the area * Main land uses and economic activities 58 CATEGORY OF BASELINE INFORMATION BRIEF DESCRIPTION WATER RESOURCES * Surface water resources (e.g. rivers, lakes, etc) quantity and quality * Ground water resources quantity and quality BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES * Flora (include threatened/endangered/endemic species) * Fauna (include threatened/endangered/endemic species) * Sensitive habitats including protected areas e.g. national parks and forest reserves CLIMATE * Temperature * Rainfall PART D: SCREENING CRITERIA FOR IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION AREAS OF IMPACT IMPACT EVALUATION POTEN IAL MITIG ION MEAS RES Isthe project site/activity within and/ or will Extent or coverage Significance it affect the following environmentally (on site, within 3km -5km or (Low, Medium, High) sensitive areas? beyond 5km) 1. No Yes On Within Beyond Low Medium High Site 3-5 km 5km 1.1 National parks and game reserve 1.2 Wet-lands 1.3 Productive traditional agricultural /grazing lands 1.5 Areas with rare or endangered flora or fauna 1.6 Areas with outstanding scenery/tourist site 1.7 Within steep slopes/mountains 1.8 Dry tropical forest s such as Brachsystegia species 1.9 Along lakes, along beaches, riverine 59 AREAS OF IMPACT IMPACT EVALUATION POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES Is the project site/activity within and/ or will Extent or coverage Significance it affect the following environmentally (on site, within 3km -5km or (Low, Medium, High) sensitive areas? beyond 5km) 1. No Yes On Within Beyond Low Medium High Site 3-5 km 5km 1.10 Near industrial activities 1.11 Near human settlements 1.12 Near cultural heritage sites 1.13 Within prime ground water recharge area - - 1.14 Within prime surface run off 2.0 SCREENING CRITERIA FOR IMPACTS DURING IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION Will the implementation and operatons of the project activities within the selected site generate the following extemalities /costs /impacts? No Yes On Within Beyond Low Medium High Site 3-5 km 5km 2.1 Deforestation 2.2 Soil erosion and siltation 2.3 Siltation of watercourses, dams 2.4 Environmental degradation arising from mining of construction materials 2.5 Damage of wildlife species and habitat 2.6 Increased exposure to agro-chemical pollutants 2.7 Hazardous wastes, Asbestos, PCB's, pollution from unspent PV batteries 2.8 Nuisance - smell or noise 2.9 Reduced water quality 2.10 Increase in costs of water treatment 2.11 Soil contamination 2.12 Loss of soil fertility 2.13 Salinization or alkalinisation of soils 2.14 Reduced flow and availability of water 2.15 Long term depletion of water resource 2.16 Incidence of flooding 2.17 Changes in migration ______patterns of animals 2.18 Introduce alien plants and animals 60 2.19 Increased incidence of plant and animal diseases 3.0 SCREENING CRITERIA FOR SOCIAL AND E_ECONOMIC IMPACTS Will the implementation and operation of the project activities within the selected site generate the following socio-economic costsfimpacts? Nio Yes On WVilhin Beyond Low Medium High Site 3-5 km 5km 3.1 Loss of land/land acquisition for human settlement, farming, grazing 3.2 Loss of assets, property- houses ,agricultural produce etc 3.3 Loss of livelihood 3.4 Require a RAP or ARAP = 3.5 Loss of cultural sites, graveyards, monuments1 3.6 Disruption of social fabric 3.7 Interference in marriages for local people by workers 3.8 Spread of STIs and HIV and AIDS, due to migrant workers 3.9 Increased incidence of communicable diseases 3.10 Health hazards to workers and communities 3.11 Changes in human settlement patterns 3.12 Conflicts over use of natural resources e.g. water, land, etc 3.13 Conflicts on land ownership 3.14 Disruption of important pathways, roads 3.15 Increased population influx 3.16 Loss of cultural identity 3.17 Loss of income generating capacity I NOTE: Sub-projects affecting cultural property negatively will either require specific institutional arrangements to be followed for funding or will not be funded depending on the location of the project 61 OVERALL EVALUATION OF THE SCREENING PROCESS ON THE SITE AND PROJECT ACTIVITY The result of the screening process would be either: (a)the proposed project would be permitted to proceed on the site or (b)the proposed project would need an EIA. The basis of these options is listed inthe table below: The Proposed Project Activity Can Be Exempted From EIA The Proposed Project Activity Needs Further Compliance and/or RAP Requirements On The Following. With EIA Requirements On The Following Observations. * Screening indicates that the site of the project will not be * Field appraisals indicate that the project site iswithin within environmentally-sensitive areas .e.g. protected areas environmentally -sensitive areas, protected areas. • No families will be displaced from the site * Cause adverse socio-economic impacts . Identified impacts are minor, marginal and of little a Significant number of people, families will be displaced from significance site * Mitigation measures for the identified impacts are well . Some of the predicted impacts will be long term, understood and practiced in the area complicated, extensive . The stakeholders have adequate practical experiences in . Appropriate mitigation measures for some predicted impacts natural resource conservation and management. are not well known inthe area Completion by Environmental District Officer Completion by Director of Environmental Affairs IsThis Project Likely To Need An YES/ NO Date Received from District EIA Assembly: List A/B Paragraph Numbers Dated Reviewed: Date Exempted Date of Submission of Project Brief Date Forwarded To DEA Head Date of Submission of EIA Office Reports Name & Signature of EDO Date of ApprovalRejection NOTES: * Once the Environmental and Social Screening Form is completed it is analysed by experts from the District Environmental Sub-Committee who will classify it into the appropdate category based on a predetermined critera and the information provided in the form. * All projects' proponents exempted from further impact assessment must be informed to proceed with other necessary procedures. * All projects recommended for further impact assessment will have to follow procedures outlined in section 24 and 25 of the Environmental Management Act, and the Malawi Government's Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment appendix C, page 32. 62 APPENDIX 2 FLOW CHART FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING PROCESS AEC DESK Screening oCPro*jecl DISTRICT ASSEMBLY activities and sites (To be based on checklist Apiprove projects and screeing form) Ap * Desk apprai5aI of the construction and ADC, EAD &DEC LANDS rehabilitation plans Cioiltoring: * Identification or -Construction techniques Enviroamental and /Inclusion of Env. Design features social inpaets _ etc. Deternisnation of | Make reconunendations LoD.% tcawegcrs C projec s and protects DESC %ith appmredEIA and RAPsl Assignment of appropriate environmentat category, based on Environmental and Social * Review the recomnuendarions in the wreenmng orm screening forms and World Bank OP 4.01 * Review the proposed mintgation measures from it reeniiig formis * Proposal ofmitigation measures . Conduci public heanng * Determination of the need for EIA * Determination of the need for RAPs D E C * Make tvconumndations fbr bmnted EIA and RAP; icaietors B i - LAD & CON! IsWiC1ro-RoLANDS EP &D LEGEND (Categord Bl1iatedE.A) ED DEC: District Executive Committee - D) * Preparation of ElAs AEC: AreaExecutiveCommittee *7 i idi apro ElAs(EAD) * Preparation of RAPs DESC: District Environmental Sub- Committee -s-, , - Seek Endorsement of the WB on EIAs EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment -: , -AskjblPae sA NDS) - approved by EAD RAP: Resettlement Action Plan | |ppnvR j5APS) * Seek Endorsement of the WB on RAPs RPF: Resettlement Policy Framework -BRefList AofMalawi l uide3iiis ndWcrdEank approved s by LANDS VDC: Village Development Committee _ OP 4 Oi; . - 4 ' 1 63 APPENDIX 3: PROCEDURES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION OF INFRASTUCTURE SERVICES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT. According to Malawi's Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (December 1997), there are two sequential types of formal EIA submissions which represent progress reports to meet the requirements of Malawi's EIA process. These are Project Briefs and EIA Reports. A Project Brief is a short report informing DEA that a prescribed activity is being considered. Its sole purpose is to provide sufficient information to allow DEA to determine the need for an EIA based on screening criteria outlined in Appendix of the guidelines. Thus, a Project Brief must contain the information needed by DEA to evaluate the report against the screening criteria. Section 24 of the EMA requires that a Project Brief should at least state: * The nature of the project; * The activities that shall be undertaken; * The possible products and by-products anticipated; * The number of people the project shall employ; * The area of land, air or water that may be affected; * Whether a RAP or ARAP will be required and; * Any other matters as may be prescribed. More generally, the Project Brief should also contain: * A basic description of the project purpose, size, location and preliminary design, including any alternatives which are being considered (i.e. site, technology, construction and operation procedures, handling of waste). * The stage of the project in the project cycle. * A location map of the project site or site altematives, and a site plan as it is currently known. Maps and plans should conform to the standards discussed in the section describing the requirements of an EIA report. * A discussion of which aspects of the project are likely to cause environmental and social concems, and of proposed environmental and social management measures. The General Requirements of an EIA Report include: (i) quality standards; (ii) terms of reference; (iii) identification of the EIA team; (iv)discussion of EIA methods; (v) public consultation; and (vi) information and mapping standards. Typical elements of an EIA report include: (i) an Executive Summary; (ii) an Introduction; (iii) a Project Description; (iv) a discussion of the Environmental Planning and Design; (v) Public consultation; (vi) description of the Environmental Setting; (vii) Assessment of Environmental Impacts; (viii) Environmental Management Plan; (ix) Resource Evaluation; (x) Summary and Recommendations; and (xi) Appendices. For details on the preparation of the above documents, please refer to Appendix C of the Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (December 1997). In this context, the ESMF not only complements Malawi's procedures for meeting EIA requirements as outlined in Appendix C of the above guidelines, but it also meets the safeguard policy requirements of the World Bank. 64 APPENDIX 4: THE GENERAL EIA PROCESS IN MALAWI (ADAPTED FROM THE EIA GUIDELINES 1997, EAD) PROPOSED PROJECT SCREENING Is the proposed project a prescribed activity? Is an EIA likel) to be mandatory or may be required? Refer to Lists A and B of EIA Guidelines (EAD, 1997) *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CMEC WI H 10 |YES| NO % PROJECT EXEMPT TH *:~o l INo EIA Required PROJECT PREPARE PROJECT BRIEF Review of Project Brief by the Director of Environmental Affairs Department EIA or RAP Required? __lWjm: U * Based on ToRs approved by EAD. 65 **The licensing authority should submit to the Director a copy of the license with attached project brief for record purposes. The Developer may appeal to the Environmental Appeals Tribunal if not satisfied by the decision. APPENDIX 5 GENERIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA FOR THE ISP 1. Provide a full description of the nature of the project with respect to the name of the proponent, the postal and physical address, the spatial location of the potential site for the project, the estimated cost of the project, and size of land for the project site, including water reticulation, waste disposal and access roads. 2. Provide a site-specific map of the area (Scale 1:50,000) showing the proposed project site and existing establishments inthe area and surrounding areas. Asite plan for the project should also be provided. 3. Examine the existing conditions of the proposed site identifying and analysing: * Geological and soil conditions of the area; * The scope of vegetative resources of the area; * Existing land uses within the area and within adjacent villages; * Ecologically important or sensitive habitats and resources e.g. water resources, biodiversity elements; and * Suitability of the site for the proposed development. 4. Describe the major activities to be undertaken for the construction and operation of infrastructure services. This should include the size and type of infrastructure, the type of equipment to be used, the method and duration of construction, nature and quantity of wastes to be generated, the facilities for appropriate disposal and management of waste, number of people to be employed and. 5. State the reasons for selecting the proposed site, the consequences of not undertaking the project at the proposed site and any alternative sites considered. 6. Predict the major short and long-term environmental impacts of the project. Examine both the positive and negative impacts as well as impacts on the biophysical, social, economic and cultural components of the environment. The potential impacts must include those related to: * project location (e.g. resettlement of people, loss of forest land, loss of agricultural land, impact on flora and fauna); * construction works (e.g. soil erosion, disposal of construction spoils, drainage and access roads) * project operation (e.g. solid waste disposal, sewage disposal) 7. Prescribe measures to eliminate, reduce or mitigate the negative effects identified and the measures to enhance the positive effects in 6. 8. Propose an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in tabular form by which all of the mitigation/enhancement measures prescribed will be carried out, specifying who will be responsible for implementing these measures and the schedule for implementation, cost of implementing the measures and the source of funding. An environmental monitoring plan should also be prepared including the indicators to be used for monitoring the impacts and responsible persons and institutions that will conduct the monitoring. 9. Undertake public consultations to ensure that all interested and affected parties are involved in the EIA process and incorporate their views into the EIA. Evidence of consultation should be provided inthe report. 10. Provide an account of all statutory and regulatory licenses and approvals obtained for the project to ensure that they are inline with sound environmental management practices and are incompliance with all relevant existing legislation. Reference should be made, but not limited to the Environment Management Act and other relevant and other relevant legislation. 66 APPENDIX 6: SUMMARY OF THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARD POLICIES. Relevant World Bank safeguard policies applicable to the proposed project are shaded. OPERATING . OBJECTIVE 'RELEVANCE TO ISP. POLICY : , - OP 4.01 The objective of this policy is to ensure that Bank-financed In order to integrate environmental Environmental projects are environmentally sound and sustainable, and considerations into a project, a range of Assessment that decision-making is improved through appropriate instruments are available as follows: analysis of actions and of their likely environmental impacts. Environmental Impact assessment (EIA), This policy is triggered if a project is likely to have potential environmental audit (EA), hazard or risk (adverse) environmental risks and impacts in its area of assessment and Environmental influence Management Plan (EMP). The Borrower is responsible for carrying out the environmental assessment. Under the ISP, the component$ for road construction; construction of water supply facilities, telephone lines and lelectricity lines are likely to generate negative environmental impacts. Hence the need for the screening process deyeloped in this ESMF to guide in the preparation EMPs OP 4.36 Forests This policy focuses on the management, conservation, and This policy is triggered by acti vities and sustainable development of forest ecosystems and their other Bank sponsored interventions, associated resources. It applies to projects that may/may which have the potential tb impact not have impacts on (a) health and quality of forests; (b) significantly upon forested areas[ affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests and projects Under ISP, sub-projects thi t might that aim to brng about changes in the management, contribute to degradation of cri cal forest protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations, areas will not be funded. whether they are publicly, privately or communally owned. The Bank does not support the significant conversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical natural habitats. OP 4.11 Cultural This policy aims at assisting in the preservation of cultural This policy is triggered by projeAls which, Property property (sites that have archaeological (prehistoric), prima facie, entail the risk of damaging paleontological, historical, religious, and unique natural cultural property. values - this includes remains left by previous human Under ISP, sub-projects th3t might inhabitants (such as shrnes, and battlegrounds) and unique negatively affect cultural property will not environmental features such as canyons and waterfalls), as be funded. well as in the protection and enhancement of cultural L______properties encountered inBank-financed projects. l 67 OPERATING -.OBJECT]VEi RELEVANCE TO ISP POLICY OP 4.12 The objective of this policy is to avoid or minimize This policy is triggered not only if physical Involuntary involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable relocation occurs, but also by any loss of Resefflement altemative project designs. Furthermore, it intends to assist land resulting in: relocation or loss of displaced persons inimproving their former living standards; shelter; loss of assets or access to assets; it encourages community participation in planning and loss of income sources or means of implementing resettlement; and to provide assistance to livelihood, whether or not the affected affected people, regardless of the legality of title of land. people must move to another location. Under ISP, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), which will guide in the preparation of Resettlement Action Plans, has been prepared in anticipation that the construction of roads, electricity, telephone and water supply transmission lines and structures might result in land acquisition, resettlement, loss of assets, or loss of livelihood systems. OP 4.37 Safety of This policy focuses on new and existing dams. In the case This policy is triggered if the project Dams of new dams, the policy aims at ensuring that experienced involves the construction of a large dam and competent professionals design and supervise (15 m or higher) or a high hazard dam; if a construction; the Borrower adopts and implements dam project is dependent on an existing dam, safety measures for the dam and associated works. Inthe or a dam under construction. For small case of existing dams, the policy ensures that any dam dams, generic dam safety measures upon which the performance of the project relies is designed by qualified engineers are identified, a dam safety assessment is carried out, and usually adequate. necessary additional dam safety measures and remedial Under ISP, there will be no sub-projects work are implemented. The policy also recommends the involving the construction/rehabilitation of preparation of a generc dam safety analysis for small dams. dams Operational Projects on Intemational Waterways may affect the relations The ISP has triggered this policy because Policy (OP)IBank between the World Bank and its borrowers, and between of the Shire River inthe Bangula-Tengani- Procedure (BP) riparian states. Therefore, the Bank attaches great Nsanje-Makoko Corridor and the Lake 7.50: Projects on importance to the riparians making appropriate agreements Malawi in the Rumphi-Nyika-Chitipa International or arrangements for the entire waterway, or parts thereof, Corridor, both of which are shared Waterways and stands ready to assist in this regard. waterways. The Shire River is a shared water body with Mozambique while Lake In the absence of such agreements or arrangements, the Malawi is a shared water body with Bank normally urges the beneficiary state to offer to Mozambique and Tanzania. This calls for negotiate in good faith with the other riparians to reach the preparation of a Memorandum of appropriate agreements or arrangements. The Policy lays Understanding to ensure cooperation and down detailed procedures for the notification requirement, goodwill of the ripadans on the use and including the role of the Bank in affecting the notification, protection of Lake Malawi, and the Shire period of reply and the procedures in case there is an River. objection by one of the riparians to the project. Under ISP, the riparian states have been notified as required by this policy. 68 OPERATING OBJECTIVE RELEVANCE TO ISPI POLICY OP 4.04: Natural This policy seeks to ensure that World Bank-supported Some of the proposed development Habitats infrastructure and other development projects take into corridors have legally protected sites that account the conservation of biodiversity, as well as the will need to be considered if the project numerous environmental services and products which activities take place within their proximity. natural habitats provide to human society. The policy strictly Such areas include the Lak~ Malawi limits the circumstances under which any Bank-supported National Park in the Mangochi-Cape project can damage natural habitats (land and water areas Maclear Corridor, the Nyika National Park where most of the native plant and animal species are still in the Rumphi- Nyika-Chitipa Corridor and present). other areas that might be! affected Specifically, the policy prohibits Bank support for projects depending on the project location. All the which would lead to the significant loss or degradation of project components under the ISP are any Critical Natural Habitats, whose definition includes likely to trigger this policy. I those natural habitats which are either: Under ISP, sub-projects thbt might * legally protected, negatively affect natural and /or critical * officially proposed for protection, or habitats will not be funded. * unprotected but of known high conservation value. In other (non-critical) natural habitats, Bank supported projects can cause significant loss or degradation only when there are no feasible altematives to achieve the projects substantial overall net benefits; and acceptable mitigation measures, such as compensatory protected areas, are included within the project. Operational Projects in disputed areas may affect the relations between Where land disputes may take place on Policy (OP)/Bank the Bank and its borrowers, and between the claimants to the ISP, this Operational Policy will be Procedure (BP) the disputed area. Therefore, the Bank will only finance triggered. ISP will not fund any sub- 7.60: Projects in projects in disputed areas when either there is no objection projects indisputed areas Disputed Areas from the other claimant to the disputed area, or when the special circumstances of the case support Bank financing, notwithstanding the objection. The policy details those special circumstances. In such cases, the project documents should include a statement emphasizing that by supporting the project, the Bank does not intend to make any judgment on the legal or other status of the territories concemed or to prejudice the final determination of the parties' claims. OPIBP 4.10, The World Bank policy on indigenous peoples, OP/BP 4.10, This operational policy will not apply to the Indigenous Indigenous Peoples, underscores the need for Borrowers ISP. Peoples and Bank staff to identify indigenous peoples, consult with them, ensure that they participate in,and benefit from Bank- funded operations in a culturally appropriate way - and that adverse impacts on them are avoided, or where not L______[feasible, minimized or mitigated. I 69 OPERATING -OBJECTIVE RELEVANCE TO ISP PO LICY _-_ _ _-_i_ _i_ _ _ __'_-:_la_ _ _ Operational Rural development and health sector projects have to This policy will not apply to ISP Policy 4.09: avoid using harmful pesticides. A preferred solution is to use Pest Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques and Management encourage their use in the whole of the sectors concerned. If pesticides have to be used in crop protection or in the fight against vector-bome disease, the Bank-funded project should include a Pest Management Plan (PMP), prepared by the borrower, either as a stand-alone document or as part of an Environmental Assessment. 70 APPENDIX 7: ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR CONTRACTORS These Environmental Guidelines for Contractors are prepared for all the contractors to be engaged for the ISP construction activities. The guidelines include provisions for proper management of construction sites, safe storage of construction materials and safe disposal of wastes including PCB's and asbestos wastes, where applicable. General Considerations * The contractor shall, inall his activities ensure maximum protection of the environment and the socio-economic wellbeing of the people affected by the project, whether within or outside the physical boundaries of the project area. * Before any construction works begin, the contractor shall ensure that the relevant environmental and land acquisition certificates of authorization for the works have been obtained from the Director of Environmental Affairs and/or the Commissioner for Lands * In general the contractor shall familiarize himself with the ESMF and the RPF for the ISP. Specifically, the contractor shall make every effort to follow and implement the recommendations and mitigation measures of the EMP and the RAPs or ARAPs, to the satisfaction of the ISP and the EAD, or any such persons or agencies appointed by the ISP or the EAD, to inspect the environmental and social components of the ISP. * The contractor shall work in cooperation and in coordination with the Project Management Team and/or any other authority appointed to perform or to ensure that the social and environmental work is performed according to the provisions of the ESMF, RPF, RAPS, ARAPs and EMP for the ISP. * The contractor shall always keep on site and make available to Environmental Inspectors or any authorized persons, copies of the EMPs, RAPs and ARAPs for the monitoring and evaluation of environmental and social impacts and the level or progress of their mitigation. Acquisition of Construction Materials The contractor shall ensure that construction materials such as sand, quarry stone, soils or any other construction materials are acquired from approved suppliers and that the production of these materials by the suppliers or the contractor does not violate the environmental regulations or procedures as determined by the EAD. Movement and Transportation of Construction Materials The movement and transportation of construction materials to and within the construction sites shall be done in a manner that generates minimum impacts on the environment and on the community, as required by the EMPs and the RAPs or ARAPs. Storage of Construction Materials and Equipment Construction materials shall be stored in a manner to ensure that: * There is no obstruction of service roads, passages, driveways and footpaths; * Where it is unavoidable to obstruct any of the service paths, the contractor shall provide temporary or alternate by-passes without inconveniencing the flow of traffic or pedestrians; * There is no obstruction of drainage channels and natural water courses; * There is no contamination of surface water, ground water or the ground; * There is no access by public or unauthorized persons, to materials and equipment storage areas; * There is no access by staff, without appropriate protective clothing, to materials and equipment storage areas; * Access by public or unauthorized persons, to hazardous, corrosive or poisonous substances including asbestos lagging, sludge, chemicals, solvents, oils or their receptacles such as boxes, drums, sacks and bags is prohibited; * Access by staff, without the appropriate protective clothing, to hazardous, corrosive or poisonous substances including asbestos lagging, sludge, chemicals, solvents, oils or their receptacles such as boxes, drums, sacks 71 and bags is prohibited. Safe Disposal of Construction Waste Construction waste includes but is not limited to combustion products, dust, metals, rubble, timber, water, waste water and oil. Hence construction waste constitutes solid, liquid and gaseous waste and smoke. In performing his activities, the contractor shall use the best practical means for preventing emissions of noxious or offensive substances into the air, land and water. He shall make every effort to render any such emissions (if unavoidable) inoffensive and harmless to people and the environment. The means to be used for making the emissions harmless or for preventing the emissions shall be in accordance to the RAPs, ARAPs or the EMPs and with the approval of the relevant Local Authority or the Environmental Affairs Department. The contractor shall, in particular, comply with the regulations for disposal of construction/demolition wastes, waste water, combustion products, dust, metals, rubble and timber. Wastewater treatment and discharge will conform to the applicable regulations by the relevant Local Authority and Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development. Asbestos wastes, PCBs and other hazardous wastes shall be treated and disposed of in conformity with the national regulations and where applicable, with the supervision of qualified personnel. Health and Safety of Workers The contractor shall protect the health and safety of workers by providing the necessary and approved protective clothing and by instituting procedures and practices that protect the workers from dangerous operations. The contractor shall be guided by and shall adhere to the relevant national Labor Regulations for the protection of workers. 72 APPENDIX 8: CORRIDOR MAPS 540000 5S0000 580000 800000 820000 Chitipa o /~~~~~~~~~~~~~r O~~~~~~~~~~~)2s-na °? t?~~~~~~~~~~~trisaIe \SP Chi s1rcta Cs at I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I KEY ni=ln ' MDi,strict Headquarters nCida h --- International Boundary_ OthRier Road NYIKA NATIONAL PARK WTa rgeted CorridNor waa I r~~~~~~~~oler * District HeadquartersChi inda~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 540 000 5S0 000 580 000 S00 000 620 000 Map 2 Rumphi - Nyika - Chitipa-Corridor 73 650000 e6OOOO 670000 680000 o00000 700000 710000 To Lion V - o _ CD N angano KEY -w District Headquarters ( STownI -- International Boundary River2 -Other Road )- 2 ~Targetedlo~~~~ Corridor Contour line 2 - o2 g~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~g&c cc Neno. / / To Blantyre Mwanz a / ca o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 660000 660000 670000 680000 600000 700000 710000 Map 3: Ntcheu Tsangano- Mwanza Corridor 74 S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ S 670000 680000 O0,000 700000 710000 72000 730,00 74000 750000 76eo0o N 8\ ,Jh'~LAE M Al AIN \ A A88 \ ~~~~~~~~CapdPASacra9 lt i \LAKE I _ District Headquarters > ,f. o ernat-onal- In Boundary -- - 1 - \t K F o DOtherRoads uatero _ Targered Corridor E=Lake _ / - Contour tine V , 670000 080000 600000 700000 71000 720000 73000 74000 750000 760000 Map 4: Mangochi - Cape Maclear Corridor 75 710000 730000 750000 770000 700000 010000 | , t a b a - ' , . . \ Na 8 -. ,, , a e E CHILWA \ / .-- 7,1t /7AX,, .j/ / - Blanty,re /i 8 ' Phalomb* / ) Ph a l o / ,- .N, tj- KEY1N * District Headquarters *Town International Boundary _River // -Other Road -. , _ Targeted Corrdor - ^ 3Lake Corridor . Mulan Contour line j , M lnj 710000 730000 750000 770000 790000 010000 Map 5: Zomba - Phalombe - Mulanje Corridor 76 o 880000 700000 720000 740000 700000 ° 1 " To Chikwawa\- - Bangula S> -''V 8 \ Tengani KEY 8 District Headquarters * Town -- International Boundary River - Other Roads nje o Targeted Corridor 8 ~~~~~Contourline l_ \> Makoko E o8 9 680000 700000 720000 740000 780000 Map 6: Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko Corridor 77 APPENDIX: 9: LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED INTHE PROCESS OF PREPARATION THE ESMF. NAME OF PERSON POSITION ORGANIZATION DATE OF CONSULTATION Mr. Christopher Director CURE ( Coordination For The December 6,2005 Mwambeni Rehabilitation Of The Environment) Mr. Mahonga MAREP COORDINATOR - SOUTH Electricity Supply Corporation December 5,2005 Of Malawi Mr. Bemard Mchazime Planning and Optimization Engineer CELTEL December 5,2005 Mrs. W.Chalulu Marketing and Communications Telecom Networks Malawi December 6,2005 Manager Mr. L.K Maliko District Forestry Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005 Committee Mr. G.M Lipenenga Senior Building Supervisor - District Zomba District Executive November 23,2005 Assembly Committee Mr. E.J. Nathebe District Water Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005 Committee Mr. K.W. Chitaya Building Supervisor Zomba District Executive November 23,2005 Committee Mrs. O.M Msamboya District Social Welfare Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005 CommiKtee Mr. C. Mawanga District Roads Supervisor Zomba District Executive November 23,2005 Committee Mr. S.Gondwe District Environmental Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005 Committee Mr. P.A Bango Rural Housing officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005 Committee Mr. Kosa District Agricultural Development Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005 Committee Mr. Kabudula Irrigation Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005 Committee Mr. K.V Chongwe District Commissioner Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. C.B Chinkhunda Director Of Public Works Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. W.W. Phiri District Forestry Officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. C. Songola District Water Development officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. L.Papaya Treasury Cashier Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. M.B Joshua Police Officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005 . ______com m ittee Mrs. L.M Chikhoza District Community Development Officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. N.S Maluwa District Agricultural Development Officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005 committee 78 NAME OF PERSON POSITION ORGANIZATION DATE OF CONSULTATION Mr. S.R Banda District Fisheries Officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. 0. Mwalughali Environmental Planner Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. M Jamu District Community Development Officer Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005 committee Mrs. Lincy Mzinza Water Monitoring Assistant Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005 committee Mr. N. Nthala District Forestry Officer Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005 committee Mr. P. Vutula Irrigation Officer Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005 committee Mr. P. Ussi Assistant District Agricultural Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005 Development Officer committee Mr. F. Katungwe Fisheries Officer Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005 committee Mr. A Chamanza Environmental Planner Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005 committee Mr. L Phiphira District Lands Officer Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005 committee Mr. D. Makalani Chairman Ndege Area executive November 22,2005 Committee Mr. T. Chikwenga Vice Chairman Ndege Area executive November 22,2005 Committee Mr. F Susa Secretary Ndege Area executive November 22,2005 Committee Mr. L. Lusaka Treasurer Ndege Area executive November 22,2005 Committee Mrs. Chidyaudzu Chairlady Ndege Area executive November 22,2005 Committee Mrs. Moyokunyenga Vice Treasurer Ndege Area executive November 22,2005 Committee Mrs. Liwangula Vice Secretary Ndege Area executive November 22,2005 !______Com m ittee Mrs. M. Moropo Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. F. Matiki Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. P. Sasuwaka Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mrs. Mutiye Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. H.Mbewe Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. S. Gosten Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee 79 NAME OF PERSON POSITION ORGANIZATION DATE OF .______CONSULTATION Mr. L. Makina Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. P. Likombola Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. B.S Muthware Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. T. Musumere Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. L layelo Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. H Luwembe Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. V. Lazaro Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. H. Kanzimbi Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. D. Muhowa Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. R.F Nansangwe Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mrs. Posiwa Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005 Committee Mr. H Muheya Treasurer Jali area Executive Committee November 23,2005 Mr. G Mina Chairman Jali area Executive Committee November 23,2005 Constable E Tobias Jali area Executive Committee November 23,2005 Mr. E. Nthambala Vice Chairman Jali area Executive Committee November 23,2005 Mr. D Kabudula Member Jali area Executive Committee November 23,2005 Mr. J.K Malekana Chairman Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005 committee Mr. Namukhova Member Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005 committee Mr. Sukali Chairman - Development Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005 committee Mr. Ndalama Market Master Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005 committee Mr. B Muloma Member Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005 committee Mr. W Mwala Member Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005 committee Mr. G. Mangondo Member Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. L.Y Mukarangeya Member Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. j Gonani Treasurer African Business Association Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. I Eliya Secretary Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005 committee 80 a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ NAME OF PERSON POSITION ORGANIZATION DATE OF CONSULTATION Mr. I Samikwa Member Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. E Mbelere Chairman Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. M Kaliya Member Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005 committee Mr. Masemu District Lands Officer - Zomba Zomba District Assembly 23-11-2005 Mr. H Pendame Village Headman Mwambo T / A Mwambo 23-11-2005 Mr. Banda Fisherman Kachulu 22-11-2005 Dyna Dawa Business lady / Farmer Kachulu 22-11-2005 Mr. Chibadula Business man Ndege Trading Centre 22-11-2005 Mr. H. Mwale Court Messenger T / A Mabuka 25-11-2005 Mr. B. Samudeni Businessman Likhubula 26-11-2005 Mr. F. Muwawa Businessman Likhubula 26-11-2005 Mr. Muyaya Businessman Migowi 23-11-2005 Vge Headman Jimu Chief Phalombe 24-11-2005 Mr. J. Phiri Farmer and Businessman Phalombe 24-11-2005 Mrs. Nansongole Business Lady Phalombe 23-11-2005 Mr. T Sitima Business Mulanje - Chitakale 25-11-2005 Mr. Gausi DPD Rumphi District Assembly 06-12-2005 Jacob Mkandawire District Water Supply Officer District Water Supply 06-12-2005 M.A. Banda Rumphi Water Board Officer N.R. Water Board 06-12-2005 A. Z. Msowoya Plant Operator N.R. Water Board 06-12-2005 K. C. Nkhonde DADO Agriculture 06-12-2005 MBC Gondwe Senior Tech. Officer MTL 06-12-2005 Themba La Mathematic Senior Chief Chikula Mayembe 07-12-2005 Paul Nyirenda Nkhamanga Water Supply Manager Nkhamanga Water Sup. 07-12-2005 Cooperative Kinly Chawinga NWSB Member Nkhamanga Water Sup. 07-12-2005 Cooperative C. M. Manda Division Manager Nyika National Park 07-12-2005 T. T. Mhango Senior Parks & Wildlife Officer Nyika National Park 07-12-2005 O.G. Mkandawire Wildlife Extension Officer Nyika National Park 07-12-2005 Munthali Chairman Nyika Vwaza Association for 08-12-2005 Natural Resources & Rural Development L. M.Mgala Executive Committee Secretary 08-12-2005 Michiel van Hasselt Volunteer Peace Park Foundation 08-12-2005 T.A. Nthalire Chief ADC 08-12-2005 VH. Mchaya Simbi Village Headman ADC 08-12-2005 E. D. Simwaka Chairman Nthalire Rural Water supply 08-12-2005 Mrs. R. Mbale Secretary Nthalire Rural Water supply 08-12-2005 C.L.K. Chilongo Water Monitoring Assistant Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005 Chifuniro Mugala Water Beneficiaries Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005 Charles Simwaka Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005 Jonathan Msangu Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005 81 NAME OF PERSON POSITION ORGANIZATION DATE OF CONSULTATION Dennis Silwimba Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005 Jolex J. Ng'ambi Chairman Chisenga Rural Piped Water 09-12-2005 Supply D.D. Munthali Executive Committee Member Chisenga Rural Piped Water 09-12-2005 Supply Mrs. Felina Nanyondo Chisenga Rural Piped Water 09-12-2005 Supply Beauty Nafunkwe Chisenga Rural Piped Water 09-12-2005 Supply Anna Simbeye Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005 Charles Mwawembe Director of Administration Chitipa District Assembly 10-12-2005 E.W.M.Mkandawire Director of Public Works Chitipa District Assembly 10-12-2005 Y. F. Harawa Roads Supervisor Public Works 10-12-2005 A. M.Simwaka Water assistant Rural Water Supply 10-12-2005 L.Mulenga Engineering Officer MTL 10-12-2005 A. 0. Luhana Engineering Assistant MTL 10-12-2005 B.J.J. Mhango DADO Agriculture 10-12-2005 B.W.K. Munthali Water Scheme Manager N.Region Water Board 11-12-2005 Levie Gondwe Customer Service Supervisor World Vision Int. 11-12-2005 Clement Kuyokwa Officer-In-Charge ESCOM 11-12-2005 P.G. Mkisi Plant Operator Kafora Group Oil Mill 11-12-2005 Godwin Muswelu Women Group Representative Kafora Group Oil Mill 09-12-2005 Unice Kilembe Accounts Clerk Kafora Group Oil Mill 09-12-2005 Mr. Ntekateka Assistant Distribution Engineer ESCOM 09-12-2005 Mr. J.P.A. Makwenda Planning Engineer Central Region Water Board 09-12-2005 Mr. G.Mwepa Chief Irrigation Officer Ministry of Irrigation and Water 09-12-2005 Development Mr. V. Nkhoma Industrial Development Officer Ministry of Trade and Private 09-12-2005 Sector Development Mr. S. Ligomeka Director Ministry of Local Government 10-12-2005 and Rural Development Mr. H. Njaka Chief Local Government Officer Ministry of Local Government 09-12-2005 and Rural Development Mr. Majankono Commissioner for Lands Ministry of Lands and Physical 09-12-2005 Planning Mr. F. Tukula Commissioner for Physical Planning Ministry of Lands and Physical 12-12-2005 Planning Mr. B.Mbwana Deputy Director Ministry of Health 12-12-2005 Mr. Kabati Administrative Secretary Decentralization Secretariat 12-12-2005 Mr. A. Banda Project Planning and Evaluation officer Decentralization Secretariat 12-12-2005 Mr. Mkandawire Extension Officer Ministry of Agriculture and food 12-12-2005 Security Mr. B.Chilora Fisheries Officer Fisheries Department 12-12-2005 82 APPENDIX 10: REFERENCES * Government of Malawi (2002) Ministry Of Finance and Economic Planning, Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. * Government of Malawi (2002), Environmental Affairs Department, Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Irrigation and Drainage Projects. * Government of Malawi (2002), Ministry Of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys National Land Policy. * Government of Malawi (2000) Profile Of Poverty In Malawi: Poverty Analysis of The Malawi Integrated Household Survey 1998, National Economic Council. * Govemment of Malawi (2000), Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Irrigation Department Annual Work Plan 2000-2001. * Government of Malawi (1999), National Statistics Office, Zomba, Malawi Population and Housing Census for 1998. * Government of Malawi (1999), Ministry of Agriculture, National Irrigation Development Policy and Strategy. * Government of Malawi (1999), Ministry of Water Development. , National Water Resources Policy and Strategies. * Government of Malawi (1998), Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, National Land Use Strategy and Management. * Government of Malawi (1998), Decentralization Secretarat, Decentralization Policy. * Government of Malawi (1998), Ministry of Local Government, Local Government Act Number 42. * Government of Malawi (1997), Department for Environmental Affairs, Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) In Malawi. * Government of Malawi (1996), Department of Environmental Affairs, Environmental Management Act, Number 23. * Government of Malawi (1996) Ministry of Research and Environmental Affairs, National Environmental Policy. * Government of Malawi (1995), the Constitution of Republic Of Malawi. * Govemment of Malawi (1994), Department of Research and Environment Affairs, National Environmental Action Plan. Volume 1. * Govemment of Malawi (1988), Ministry of Local Govemment, Town and Country Planning Act Number 26. * Government of Malawi (1995), Ministry of Water Development, Water Works Act, Number 17. * Government of Malawi (1969) Ministry of Water Development, Water Resources Act. * Govemment of Malawi (1965), Ministry of Land, Land Act. 83 I I i I