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The Dilemma and Dynamics of Mongolia's Foreign Policy After The

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The Dilemma and Dynamics of Mongolia's Foreign Policy After The ௐ 4 ഇ! ࢱ 75-95! 2020 ѐ/΋؞ཱི !ס έ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώ! ௐ 16 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 75-95 Winter 2020 蒙古建國後外交政策的困境與動力 ࡰ஽ܲ ૩̋ࡊԫ̂ጯ̳ВᙯܼၱᇃӘրઘି଱ ၡ ࢋ ᄋΟВ׶઼д 156 ༱π̳֧͞۞˿г˯่ѣࡗ 320 ༱ˠĂߏБ஧ ೀЩˠ˾౵ං͌۞઼छĄ఺̰࣎ౙ઼छ׎гநҜཉ˯Ϊѣܻᘲ೻ͽ݈ ᇆᜩ˭Ăٕ۞اѐ۞።Ϋдѩ׌࣎ዐ 300 ܕĂ҃ᄋΟا׌࣎ዐ઼̈́̚ ͹઼Ăٕүࠎᛂᓑ۞኎ߐ઼Ąд఺ᇹ۞ˠ˾ං͌Ăགྷᑻ̂؟؇୻઼ࠎ ڦඕၹ˭ĂҬͼڼᏥ઼̚ăܻᘲ೻Ăͽ̈́ӵдܻ̝̚ม۞гቡ߆಼ֶ γ۞ޢ઼ޙજ˧Ąώኢ͛ଣ੅ᄋΟٺؠ˞ᄋΟγϹ߆ඉ۞ӧဩϖᅈк ҌᛂᓑϞྋ݈Ăͽᛂᓑ኎ߐ઼۞ޢ઼ޙᄋΟд۞઼ޙϹ߆ඉĄ1921 ѐ ๕ລ˯ϔ͹঎ഈĂ൴ण΍ҋึޢᛂมವՐπᏊĂдᛂᓑϞྋ̚ٺ֎Ғ ᄋΟ઼ٺĺ઼छщБၹຐĻᄃĺγϹ߆ඉၹຐĻĄඊ۰֭Ϗ඾ግ۞̎ ˵ड़ৈࠎңĉ۞זٙ଀ޢҖĺ઼छщБၹຐĻᄃĺγϹ߆ඉၹຐĻે ՟ѣు˘̬௜ᄋΟᄃЧ઼۞ᙯܼтңႊซĉᄋΟણΐ˞к͌кᙝ௡ ಏ͞ࢬ͞ءᖐĉ̬ˢ˞к઼͌ᅫ߿જĉᄏЯ఺ֱೡّࢗ۞̰ट่ߏ ĂΪਕͅߍᄋΟ઼д઼ᅫᄅέ˯ు႙߿᜙Ăҭ̙ਕڍౘࢗ۞࿅඀ᄃј ׎઼छՀщБăγϹՀ፾ϲĄĺ઼छщБၹຐĻᄃĺγϹ߆ඉၹځᙋ ຐĻ۞ჟល̈́ႊซ̖ߏώኢ͛ჸ൏ٙдĄ ᙯᔣෟĈ઼छщБၹຐăγϹ߆ඉၹຐăௐˬዐ઼߆ඉ ăௐ 4 ഇĞ2020/΋؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 76 壹、前言 ઼࡚੃۰೻ᏚĞEdgar Snow, 1905-72ğణયॡܑצдତڌѐͨ፨ 1936 ొ˘ĂγᄋΟВ׶઼૟Ξֶ׎ຍᙸјࠎ̚රᓑ֣۞ޢϯĈĶ༊ˠϔࢭ׻јΑ В׶ڼवͽ̈́ဦ౾ˠĞҘᖟˠğ૟Ξͽјࠎ̚රᓑ֣۞ҋܫĄϿ೻ᜋି̶ ͹ཌྷ۰͘̚ќೇٙѣεгĉķ઼ޓķĄ೻ᏚયĈĶ઼̚ˠϔߏӎࢋଂ͟ώ઼ ݱͽݑ۞͹ᝋĂ˵ࢋќೇԧ઼Бొ۞εгĄ఺ಶߏܜаඍĈĶ่̙ࢋܲ኎ͨ ᄲ႕߷υืќೇĄҭԧࣇ̙֭ԯ઼̚ͽ݈۞തϔгഈᔿΒ߁д̰Ą༊ԧࣇ ͹ཌྷ۰઼ޓഈᔿˠϔԓ୕ଲ௲͟ώڍĂтޢќа઼̚۞εгĂ྿ј፾ϲͽ έ៉Ąķٺ፾ϲ۞ጼ੽Ą఺˘ᕇТᇹዋϡפۋᴼᗆĂԧࣇ૟ሤধ͚೯΁ࣇ۞ ڌĞՂ✕पĂ2015ć߉ϒዡĂ2016Ĉ50ğॡҌ̫͟аᐝ࠻఺˘߱ྖĂͨ፨ Вயᛨ઼઼̈́̚ϔᛨ၆఺߱።Ϋෛ઼̚۞ڌᄮؠᑕྍ፾ϲ۞έ៉ݒజͨ፨ ڌ֍Ă၆׌઼ˠϔૻᏮĶέ៉ߏ઼̚׽ѣᅳ˿ķ۞ຍᙊԛၗćдͨ፨̙҃ В׶ڼवͽ̈́ဦ౾ˠĞҘᖟˠğ૟Ξͽјࠎ̚රᓑ֣۞ҋܫϿ೻ᜋି྆ீ В׶઼ķΪ̙ڼĂĶҋڱͼ჌୉ໝ඗۞үܕĂ၆໰̚ВᇴȈѐ၆ྍડְ˘઼ γᄋΟВ׶઼ֶ׎ຍᙸјޞഇڌ፨ͨٺ९ּ̝˘ćҌ۞઼ޓ࿅ߏ̚Вᓿ֏ Δضࠎ̚රᓑ֣۞˘ొ̶Ă֍ኜ઼̚၆ݑĞ̰ğᄋΟ۞̼͛ໝ඗ĂΪਕᇉ ം۞௲̚ԭፄĄځ˞ĞγğᄋΟˠϔઇ ఺ቔኢ͛ଣ੅ѝд 1921 ѐӈ̏፾ϲ۞ᄋΟĞγᄋΟƝΔᄋΟğ׎γϹ ٚᄮ׎፾ϲĂ1949ع߆ඉ۞ӧဩᄃજ˧ĄᄋΟд 1946 ѐӈజ̚රϔ઼߆ οࢦາٚᄮᄋΟࠎ˘፾ϲ઼छĄކѐ 2002 ٺ˫ঐٚᄮĂפعѐ̚රϔ઼߆ ˧රˠВ׶઼݋д 1949 ѐٚᄮ׎፾ϲгҜĄᄋΟγϹ߆ඉ۞ӧဩᄃજ҃̚ ˘ࠧᕇᄃѩ˟઼ٚᄮƝ̙ٚᄮᄋΟ፾ϲ൑ᙯĂඊ۰ߏͽᛂᓑϞྋ۞̶֤۞ ѐઇ˘̶࣎ࠧᕇĄдѩ̝݈ᄋΟγϹѣ׎Ķ׌̝̂มᙱࠎ̈ķ۞ӧဩĂд ᄋΟు႙൴णкࢬШγϹĂणன׎ϔ͹઼छ۞γϹજ˧Ąॡมᕇ۞ޢѩ̝ ĂޢᄲᛂᓑϞྋͽ݈ĂᄋΟ۞γϹԆБߏӧဩćٕߏᄲᛂᓑϞྋ̝ܧ̶֭ࠧ Ąϡॡมᕇኢࢗӧဩᄃજ˧Ϊਕᄲᛂᓑ۞Ϟྋߏ˘࣎ؕܐ˧ߏᄋΟγϹજ ҾߏӧဩƝજ˧Ą̶ޢ౷Ϟྋ݈Ɲ̷ܧᖼԶᕇĂ֭ γϹ߆ඉ۞ӧဩᄃજ˧ 77ޢ઼ޙᄋΟ 貳、歷史背景分析與蒙古外交政策的困境 ఺઼࣎छ۞̂̈ăˠ˾۞кٺՙפ˯ޘ඀۞̂ޝ઼࣎छ۞γϹ߆ඉ˘ ဿăགྷᑻ˧ณͽ̈́ٙд۞ҜཉĄ҃ᄋΟВ׶઼ࣣрд఺ೀ͞ࢬপҾ۞ࡎ΍Ą д 156 ༱π̳֧͞۞˿г˯่ѣࡗ 320 ༱ˠĂߏБ஧݈ೀЩˠ˾౵ං͌۞ Ǖܻᘲ೻ͽ઼̈́̚Ą҃఺اछĄ఺̰࣎ౙ઼छ׎гநҜཉ˯Ϊѣ׌࣎ዐ઼ ѐ۞።ΫĞSchmücking, 2015: 21ğĄͽ 2018 300 ܕЧҋ͹ጱ˞ᄋΟا׌࣎ዐ ѐᄋΟ۞ซ΍˾ֽ໚઼छ௚ࢍֽ࠻׎གྷᑻ˧ณĂд΍˾͞ࢬĂ઼̚ೀͼᝃ 2%ćдซ˾͞ࢬĂ઼̚ᄃܻᘲ೻ࡗЧ ז߁ᄋΟ 9 јͽ˯΍˾ณĂࡻăܻ̙ ΍˾யݡĂࡗ۞؟јĄᚩயߏᄋΟ౵̂ 1.5 זҫ 3 јĂ׎ዶ࡚ă͟ăᔹඈ̙ ˾Κ˞ 8 јҌ 9 јĞWorld Integrated Trade Solution, c. 2018ğĄд఺ᇹ۞ˠ ඕၹ˭Ăڼං͌Ăགྷᑻ಼ֶ̂Ꮵ઼̚ăܻᘲ೻Ăͽ̈́ӵдܻ̝̚ม۞гቡ߆ જ˧Ąٺؠ˞ᄋΟγϹ߆ඉ۞ӧဩϖᅈкڦҬͼ Ă֭˘ۡдᄋΟჯ޺඾གྷᑻăֽـଂ 16 ͵ࡔ੓ՒܻಶฟؕᄃᄋΟгડ ҝд͖ጨՒ႐ͽΔ۞ᄋΟ୉Ăкا̼͛۞ᇆᜩ˧Ą1691 ѐ༊႐ΔᄋΟ୉Ğ ॡĂޓϲ۞୻઼૵Ⴇ࠱ޙன̫ΔᄋΟгડĂϺჍγᄋΟğഈᖭ႕୉ٙٺҶ̶ யϠត̼Ą1913 ѐ 11̖ޢϻࢭ׻֙זۡ˘˭ڼன̫۞ᄋΟ઼ಶд୻઼௚ ͹ᝋķĂ̚ă؟͛ІĻĂγᄋΟٚᄮ઼̚۞Ķځᘪࢎ˞ĺܻ̚ᓏܻ̚͟ 5 ͡ ͹ᝋ҃؟Ăࠎ઼̚ᅳ˿̝˘ొ̶Ą઼ܲ̚ѣ၆γᄋΟ۞ڼٚᄮγᄋΟҋܻ ͹ᝋĂ҃Ւܻ݋ܲ޺˞дγᄋΟ۞Ч჌পᝋĞჯૄѺࡊĂ2020ağĄҋѩĂܧ ᄋΟд 1921 ѐ፾ϲ̝ॡĂ઼ܻдγזۡ˘၆ᄋΟ۞ᇆᜩ˧ᄃ࣌͟ᆧĄ઼ܻ Вய͹ཌྷĂЯѩυצᄋΟѣˬ࣎͹ࢋӀৈĄௐ˘Ă઼ܻᄮࠎᄋΟѣΞਕତ Ꮵᄃ̓ኖćௐ˟ĂᄋΟ۞ጼரгҜࢦࢋّćௐˬĂ઼ܻܫᒔ଀ᄋΟˠ۞ื ͹ཌྷ઼ޓܧᛂᓑ֭ځᙋٺυืٚᄮ઼̚дᄋΟ۞ొ̶ᝋ˧Ăѩᓝѣӄ ĞNemzer, 1939Ĉ456ğĄ Ăд 1924 ѐᆿੵӖ͹ϲጳعѐ፾ϲ۞γᄋΟߏ˘࣎Ӗ͹ϲጳ߆ 1921 ĂјϲᄋΟˠϔВ׶઼ĞMongolia People’s RepublicğĄ༊ॡ۞̚රϔ઼ט ጼĂΞᄲߏ൑˟זĂଂΔЂăࣧ̂̚ጼă઼В̰ጼޢдଯᖙ႕୻عϔ߆઼ ăௐ 4 ഇĞ2020/΋؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 78 ˧఍நγᄋΟયᗟĄ1945 ѐ઼࡚࿰ҤтࢋБࢬᑝሚ͟ώĂᅮᜁࠗ 100 ༱࡚ ѐ 2 ͡ฮႬ྿ 1945 ٺĂڒРႬົТΫ྿ܘ࢕ᄃ 50 ༱ࡻ࢕ĂЯѩᘲ೻჊ᄃ дົᛉ˯ٚڒጼĄࠎѩĂΫ྿ކĂ၆͟ޢᛉ̚ࢋՐᛂᓑд၆ᇇүጼ౼Ӏົ םҌˬ̝̰࣎͡Ăᛂᓑֶፂͽ˭୧І˟ޢඕՁۋᏚĂдᇇ઼Ըࢫăለ߷ጼ ჯ޺ĞDi̟ืېǕγᄋΟĞᄋΟˠϔВ׶઼ğ۞னۋӄТ༖઼ણΐ၆͟ጼ Crocco, 1964: 21ğĄ ԇ̄͛ᄮࠎγᄋܜࣘγϹొܜҖ߆ੰعĉॡЇ઼ϔ߆ېңᏜγᄋΟன םಶߏჯ޺ 1924 ѐᛂᓑٚᄮ઼̚ጾѣγᄋ͹ᝋ̝ĺ̚ᛂྋՙᚙ९̂ჩېன ؠĂޭೇ׌઼̝ม۞γםĄॲፂྍېؠĻğٙѣனםؠĻĞϺჍĺ1924 ̚ᛂ ТຍࢦາထؠᛂعĶֳѣপঅᝋӀ׶পᝋķć׌઼߆عϹᙯܼć١඗ᛂᓑ߆ ݋ᄮڒซҖ޽ؠ۞ᑭߤࠎͤĄ҃Ϋ྿זᙝࠧĂ֭ᚶᜈჯ޺னѣᙝࠧĂۡ̚ ࠎĶᄋΟˠϔВ׶઼ķѩ˘ЩෟĂ֭೩΍઼̚ࢋٚᄮγᄋΟ۞ېࠎγᄋன ࢦࢋ۞ጼரгҜĂ૱ܧٺчĂ఍֨۞ొڌᄮࠎγᄋ၆ҘұӀֲڒ፾ϲĄΫ྿ ᝋĞჯૄѺࡊĂ2020bğĄ1945 ѐ 8 ̚͡ᛂдం೻ࡊᘪޠڱᛂ͞ᑕѣҋ኎۞ γᄋΟયᗟᛉՙт˭Ĉ˘ăᛂ࢕ˬ̰࣎͡ଂٺࢎĺ̚ᛂ̓рТ༖୧ࡗĻĂ၆ عγᄋΟˠϔ˘Гܑϯ׎፾ϲᙸ୕Ă̚රϔ઼߆ٺΔĶၣԆķć˟ăĶᝥڌ ᓝҖ̳ϔԸைͽቁؠγᄋ۞፾ϲķĂ̯ధ૟ֶ̳ϒ̝ޢТຍĂ૟д͟ώጼୀ ՙؠߏӎٚᄮᄋΟˠϔВ׶઼Ą1945 ѐ 10 ͡ 20 ͟ĂγᄋڍϔԸை۞ඕ̳ ពϯ 97%۞̳ϔᙒјᄋΟˠϔВ׶઼۞፾ϲڍΟᓝҖ̳ϔԸைĂඕ ĞWikipedia, 2020ağĄ ͹઼ķ۞ϲಞĂ้Шϡ઼̚۞؟ͽ˯ኢࢗ۞ϡෟͧྵညߏ৭дᄋΟĶ ᄋΟ።Ϋ۞ᖎٺᕇֽ࠻ᄋΟ͹ᝋᕩᛳĄҭߏ࠻࠻ᄋΟ઼ዸ઼ֹ࡚̂ᐡᙯ៍ ۰֎ҒĞEmbassy of Mongolia to the UnitedܬಏኢࢗĂኢࢗͧ̚ྵૻአజˢ States of American. n.d.ğĈ Ąдତڇفѐజ 1691 ٺᄋΟĄγᄋΟ̰˞ڇفѐ 1636 ٺ႕୻ͳഈ ο፾ϲĄҭކѐ 1911 זĂۡڼ୻ഈ௚צۡ˘ѐ྆ĂᄋΟ 200 ۞ֽ˭ ܬѐˢ 1919 ٺ൒૟ĶγᄋΟķෛࠎ׎̚˘ొ̶Ă̪֭عߏĂ઼̚߆ ᄋΟĄ1921 ѐĂˠϔࢭ׻д઼ܻࡓ࢕۞ᑒӄ˭дᄋΟᒔ౼ĂᄋΟ˞ ӘјϲĂކјࠎ͵ࠧௐ˟̂ۤົ͹ཌྷ઼छĄ1924 ѐᄋΟˠϔВ׶઼ γϹ߆ඉ۞ӧဩᄃજ˧ 79ޢ઼ޙᄋΟ ϤᛂᓑٺѐĂᄋΟ˘ۡ఍ 1990 זĄଂ 1921 ѐڱ఼࿅˞ௐ˘ొጳ֭ Вய͹ཌྷ߆ᝋ˭Ąд 1989 ѐࡌ͇׶ 1990 ѐߋ؞ĂᄋΟฟؕ۞ڼ௚ ለВய͹ཌྷ߆ᝋϞྋĄ1990 ѐ 3ڌຐሗ߹Ąᛂᓑᄃޥڼ΍னາ۞߆ ୢВய͹ཌྷĂٸϔ͹ࢭ׻ጱ࡭ᄋΟ۞عâಞͽ඗ࢴԩᛉଯᖙ߆͡ ׶ξಞགྷᑻĄڱĂາጳטጱШ˞кᛨ ᄋ˞ܬѐˢ 1919 ٺ൒૟γᄋΟෛࠎ׎̚˘ొ̶Ă̪֭عήĶ઼̚߆˘ 1924 זۡ˘ĂޢΟķ྽Ⴝ˞జ΁઼ᜦࣝ۞ೌݖĄଂ 1921 ѐ۞ᄋΟࢭ׻ᘕ൴ ᄋΟ˘ۡߏᛂᓑ۞઼᜕ܲĄ1921 ѐ፾ϲ۞ޢѐᄋΟˠϔВ׶઼۞јϲĂѩ ᛂᓑϞྋயϠາזѐĄۡ 70 ˭غдᛂᓑܢĂݒֶܬᄋΟ௲ᗓ˞઼̚۞ˢ۞ ԊࢬĄྋវ݈۞ᛂᓑੵ˞ 15 ࣎ΐ༖В׶઼̝γĂᔘѣధк۞኎ߐ઼ĂΒ۞ ለڌለ઼छͽ̈́дֲ߷۞ᄋΟ׶ഈᔿĄᄋΟд̚ለ׶ڌ߁රՒ̳ࡗ௡ᖐ۞ छјࠎᛂᓑ኎ߐ઼۞݈ 20 ѐӈ̏ߏ኎ߐ઼Ăߏᛂᓑдֲ߷۞ௐ˘࣎኎ߐ઼ ઼ĞWikipedia, 2020bğĄ જྻି؟ᛂᓑԬങ۞ᄋΟ߆ᝋǕᄋΟˠϔࢭ׻ᛨĂдͅצѐ΃Ă 1930 ᑅ࢝঎ሗ̚୭च˞ј˼˯༱ˠĄॡЇᄋΟˠϔࢭ׻ᛨ̚δ؎ࣶົ۞ڼ׶߆ ଯҖ۞Вய͹ཌྷགྷᑻ߆ඉ۞ܐ३੃ॲ൳ĞPeljidiin Gendenğјࠎ 1930 ѐ΃ ঐռѣЋຽĂᙯౕъᇁ֭פะវ̼Ăטଯજ۰̝˘Ă఺ֱ߆ඉΒ߁ૻޢ၌ ͤ̚΄˭ߏ͔੓Ϥಋဗᅳጱ۞Ķͅࢭ׻ķĄం೻ࡊڍ՟ќҢି۞ੑயĄ׎ඕ ѐ 5 ͡ૠ୭˞кҜྏဦĶ࿅ѝķଯซВய 1932 ٺ߆ඉĂ֭ͷ۞عᄋΟ߆˞ צ͹ཌྷନ߉۞ᄋΟˠϔࢭ׻ᛨᅳጱˠĞWikipedia, 2020cğĄॲ൳ྴ࿅˘Ӄ֭ ڒࢋՐॲ൳ঐໝྍ઼෹࿅ 100,000 ЩజΫ྿ڒΫ྿ޢ೩٥ࠎᓁநĄᐌڒΫ྿ ο˞ҋ̎۞ᙸ୕Ǖކѐ̳ฟ 1933 ٺჍࠎĶ̰ᄋΟ۞ᇲˠķǕಋဗĄॲ൳ ЈĄం೻ࡊ૟ॲ൳ၣᖚĂགྷᆶܫķĂ̯֭ధಋဗ̳ฟ၁ኹۋү੽ି؟Ķ̙ᄃ ѐ 11 ͡ 26 ͟дం 1937 ٺٚᄮᄃĶ࡚ٛͅજࠁķ׶Ķ͟ώมᏗķВᏖĂੈ ႳႬĞAnandyn Amarğܠ࢕ְ؎ࣶົ఍ՙĄ΁۞ᚶٚ۰ੰڱ೻ࡊజᛂᓑ౵੼ ѐдజ఍ՙĂ΁ 1941 ٺᛂᓑĂ֭ـϺͽĶࠎ͟ώଂְมᏗ߿જķజॏĂਖ਼ ѐ 3 ͡ 7 ͟۞ົᛉ˯ă̈́ 1941 ѐ 7 ͡ 10 ͟дᆶҿ࿅඀̚൴֏ 1939 ٺҾ̶ ĞWikipedia, 2020dğĈ ăௐ 4 ഇĞ2020/΋؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 80 ᄋΟᑕྍિؠгјࠎ˘࣎፾ϲ۞઼छĄܫĂҭԧՀ࠹ି؟Јдܫԧ۞ ԧ۞ٺ఺ߏԧ۞ְຽĄԧ̏གྷதАᚥ֗ځԧຑԧ۞য়઼Ąԧ̏གྷܑ Ꮠீϫ༜ҋ̎జჍࠎݔवĂٺয়઼۞൴णĂ҃΄ԧ͕༤۞ߏĂԧ௣ ࡳయĄזצ֭ ᓁநᑕعᄋΟˠϔВ׶઼ߏ˘࣎ৌϒ۞፾ϲ઼छĂ֤ᆃ΁۞߆ڍт ߏงॏ׶ܮलᆶҿĄ༊˘࣎ૻᝋതϔ˘઼࣎̈ॡĂ׏ݭڱ༊జᄋΟ Ąޘᛂᓑ၆ᄋΟಶߏ఺ᇹ۞ၗ˞ځ࢝च׎ᅳጱˠĄԧ࣎ˠ۞གྷរܑ ఺ಞҕབྷ̂ૠ୭ጱ࡭ಕ͐̋ĞKhorloogiin ChoibalsanğјࠎᓁநĂ΁జ ચᛂᓑдֲ߷۞Ӏৈࠎϫ۞1Ąಕ͐̋ڇķĂ֭ឰҋ̎ͽڒჍࠎĶᄋΟ۞Ϋ྿ ϲ̚රˠϔВ׶઼̝ޙѐ 1949 ٺĂд઼̚Вயᛨڱԓ୕௚˘ፋ࣎ᄋΟ۞ຐ ࠎᄃ̚В̓рĂ̙ົ͚޺ݑΔᄋΟ௚˘Ą1950ڒՀࠎૻধĄ൒҃ĂΫ྿ޢ ѐ༊፨൳͐ႬĞYumjaagiin TsedenbalĂഅЇᄋΟᓁநğ೶ܳಕ͐̋૲ᅳᄋ ຐĂޥΟΐˢᛂᓑĂజಕ͐̋ᚑᆖϋయĄಕ͐̋ѣ඾ૻধ۞ᄋΟϔ୉͹ཌྷ ం೻ࡊĞWikipedia, 2020eğĄಕ͐̋۞ᚶЇ۰፨൳͐Ⴌٺڢѐ 1952 ٺ౵௣ дೠᝋҌ 1984 ѐ۞Їഇ̚Ăഅ೩΍̣Ѩͽ˯Ķ૟ᄋΟৼˢᛂᓑķ۞ࢋՐĂ ߏĂᛂ۞וᛂᓑᅳጱˠ۞١඗ĞWikipedia, 2020fğĄᏝזҭ఺ֱ೩ᛉᓁߏዎ ం೻ࡊщ൒ੜЃĄѩᓝϤـᓑ౵௣ՙؠд 1984 ѐ૟፨൳͐ႬၣᖚĂ૟΁ਖ਼ ༊ॡӈ૟˯Ї۞͖͐ݵ͈ĞMikhail Gorbachevğ͹ጱĂొ̶ࣧЯߏ፨൳͐ Ⴌ۞ͅර៍ᕇ݇ऴ˞ం೻ࡊ၆ԼචᄃΔִᙯܼ۞ӀৈĞRadchenko, 2020ğĄ Ϊߏᛂᓑ۞ޢ༊ᛂᓑΞͽၣೱᄋΟᅳጱˠॡĂ̙ᙱຐညᄋΟдҽጼ݈ Б൒่ߏ࣎౱ᐻĂቁ̷ܧ֭˵ᛂᓑĄ̙࿅ĂᄋΟٺ࣎ഗ̄Ăͷ఍఍᝘׻˘ ҋ֗ӀৈĄ༊̚ᛂ̓рॡĂ׌࣎ዐ઼פᄲĂιྼ֕д઼̚ᄃᛂᓑ̝มᏖֽ ຐٛᘇᄋΟĂᄋΟд઼̚ᄃᛂᓑ۞೯ӄ̚ᒔӀć༊̚ᛂѣ๻ᅩॡĂᄋΟౌ :ฟ͚ؕ޺ᛂᓑĂ֭ͷд෸ጼă̚Оᙝࠧ኏ࡎඈᛉᗟ˯͚޺ᛂᓑĞRahul, 1978 ზߏ˘࣎ԛटෟĄ઼࡚ᓁ௚઼छщБᜪયᘲұপ‧๸「ڒĂॡҌ̫͟Ă「Ϋ྿ޢкѐͽ 1 ܕᚶٚˠĄ௫۞ڒπߏ݈ᛂᓑ፾෗۰Ϋ྿ܕοᏥाĞRobert O’BrienğჍ̚Вᅳጱˠ௫ ăטຐଠޥրЕҖજĈͅჺĞ୻߾ğăะᝋĞ፾෗ğăଯซ࣎ˠૣ޵ăΐૻ˘۞ޢπ˯έ ۞ڒඈĂ൑˘̙ពϯ΁ᚶٚ˞Ϋ྿טχᑅளᛉˠ̀ăͅҘ͞ăࠤҌᆧΐ઼छ၆གྷᑻ۞ଠ җ௦Ğ઼࡚̝ࢰĂ2020ğĄ γϹ߆ඉ۞ӧဩᄃજ˧ 81ޢ઼ޙᄋΟ 659ğĄ1946 ѐॡᄋΟᄃᛂᓑᘪࢎĺ̓р̢ӄ୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of Friendship and Mutual Aid with the Soviet Unionğć1949 ѐ̚රˠϔВ׶઼јϲॡĂᄋΟд ᛉĻם༊ѐ 10 ͡ 16 ͟ӈٚᄮ઼̚ć1952 ѐᄃ઼̚ᘪࢎĺགྷᑻ̼͛Ъү ĞAgreement of Economic and Cultural Corporation with ChinağĄ1950 ѐ΃۞ ,үࠎ઼̚ᄃᛂᓑ̝ม۞፜ሇĂ֭ᄃᗕᙝܲ޺̓рᙯܼĞBatbayarٺᄋΟሄ 2003: 953ğĄ ဳ၆Вய͹ཌྷ઼छ۞ۋ޽యᛂᓑᅳጱߏ࣒ϒ͹ཌྷĂ׌઼ڌѐͨ፨ 1961 ᝋĂ60 ѐ΃̚ഇ༊̚ᛂ̶ෘॡĂᄋΟᏴፄ͚޺ᛂᓑĄ1966 ѐᄋΟᄃంטଠ ೻ࡊᘪཌ ĺᗕᙝ୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of Friendship, Corporation and Mutual Assistance Between the USSR and the Mongolian People's RepublicğĞBatbayar, 2003: 953ğĄ ௐ 5 ୧ ቙ࡗᗕ͞૟೩ֻ̢ӄĂቁܲ׌઼д઼֨͞ࢬ۞ሕ˧Ăਕ੨Ъۤົ͹ થԾᙯঘ̈́׌઼םཌྷะဥ̙ᕝૻ̼۞઼֨˧ณЇચĂࢎࡗ͞૟࠹̢ Ӏৈă׶πᄃ઼ᅫӀৈЪү۞ࢦࢋ઼ᅫયᗟĂ֭ώ඾։р็௚۞ჟ υࢋନ߉ĂΒ߁࢕ְନ߉ĂפৠĂͽ̈́ᓑЪ઼௡ᖐ۞ጳౢĂᓑЪଳ ቁܲ׌઼۞щБ፾ϲ드˿ԆፋĄ ௐ 10 ୧ ѩ୧ࡗჯ޺ 20 ѐѣड़Ă઄నᘪࡗᗕ͞Ї˘͞д୧ࡗഇ႕݈ 12 ࣎͡ ѐĄ 10 ܜୢ̝ຍĂՏ˘Ѩ଀ҋજؼٸϏܑ྿ Ķ࢕ְନ߉ķĂᛂᓑΞͽдᄋΟዸ௛࢕ฤͽ̈́ొפፂѩࡗѣᙯᓑЪଳֶ ഇ̖εΝ˞үޢѐ΃ 1980 זۡ˘ཌࢳᇅૄгĂᄋΟߏ̚ᛂ኏ࡎ۞౵݈ቢĂ ,ࠎᛂᓑ኎ߐ۞гҜĂд׌઼̝࣎̂γ൴णᄃҘ͞۞ᙯܼүࠎπᏊĞGanbat நវրĂᓝҖ˞ؠഇᏴڼϲ˞ઉБ۞ϔ͹ޙ92ğĄ1990 ѐ΃۞ᄋΟᔘ :2012 ğĂֳѣ֏ኢҋϤĂะົҋϤ׶ඕۤҋϤĂטតј׌ᛨ̏˯ޘ඀̂ޝᓝĞд ၆ͧĄ۞ځ఺ᄃᄋΟ۞׌࣎ૻᝋዐ઼ԛј˞ᔿ ăௐ 4 ഇĞ2020/΋؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 82 參、蒙古外交政策的動力 ለ۞ڌୢ၆ٸለۤົ͹ཌྷ઼छ࠹ᚶݲέĂᛂᓑڌѐ΃ϐഇĂᐌ඾ 1980 Җͽ̈́ௐ˘࣎ͅ၆ᛨྼރĄ1989 ѐᛂᓑฟؕଂᄋΟၣ࢕ĂᄋΟ΍னϯטଠ ܝѣ׌჌ᓏࢰĂߏӎࢋт઼͇̚щొ̰عůᄋΟϔ͹ᓑ༖Ąѩॡ۞ᄋΟ߆ ለ઼छซҖԼࢭĄॲፂᄋΟ݈Вᛨᓁ३੃ڌІਠ΍һᗉᑅĂԺٕߏтְ ࢋឰ၆͞ᆄ̄߹ҕ۞гՎĞCampi, 2019: 4ğĄזJamba BatmonkhĈԧࣇᔘ՟ ᛨ༰Ă઼ЩԼٸঐ˘ᛨ૞߆Ăϒёฟפ౵௣ĂᄋΟᏴፄԼࢭĂซҖ࣒ጳĂ ٺĂ༰ͤγ઼࢕ְ˧ณዸ௛˭ڶଐ۞ޠڱఢቑдϏ࿴οڱࠎĶᄋΟ઼ķĄጳ ᄋΟ઼ᅳ˿ĞGinsburg, 1995: 462-67ğĄ HelbigĞ2015: 2-3ğᄮࠎᄋΟ઼γϹ߆ඉ۞ႊ̼Ă͹ࢋѣα̮࣎৵Ă̶ ͵˯ĄܜҾߏϔ͹̼ă͹જ᎕ໂ۞γϹăჯ޺׶πొฤ۞ٚᏚͽ̈́གྷᑻј ׌צᄃགྷᑻ۞ԼࢭΞͽᆧΐᄋΟ۞፾ϲّĂഴ͌ڼ߆ܫࡔ 90 ѐ΃۞ᄋΟ࠹ Ҝҁ࣯̂۞ϲӈᇆᜩĄ͹જ᎕ໂ۞γϹࢉϠ΍Ķௐˬዐ઼߆ඉķĄ҃ଂ 1999 ѐᄃᓑЪ઼ᘪࢎ˞நྋ౯ԞᐂĞmemorandum of understandingğ̝ޢĂᄋΟ ᎕ໂણᄃჯ޺׶πЇચĂΒ߁ᓑЪ઼ăΔࡗͽ઼࡚̈́ٙᅳጱ۞ჯ޺׶π઼ ӛ͔γ઼ۡତԸྤ۞౵͹ࢋϫ۞ᔘߏԓ୕ᄃܻᘲ೻ă઼̚ăௐٺЇચĄҌ ˬዐ઼มܲ޺ඈ෼Ą ౵̂۞Լតߏ઼Щ۞តՀĂଂֽࣧ۞ĶᄋΟˠϔВ׶ڱѐ۞າጳ 1992 ķԼࠎĶᄋΟВ׶઼ķĂᕚ௲ۤົ͹ཌྷ઼छ౵ૻአ۞ĶˠϔВ׶઼ķ۞઼઼ ϲ઼छĂ֭ͷٚᏚૻޙૻአ౅࿅ۤົ͹ཌྷڱЩĞKrishna 2014: 69ğĄᖞ۞ጳ ,݋ૻአ઼छӀৈͽ̈́ચ၁۞၁ϡ͹ཌྷĞSoniڱᅫВய৩ԔĄາ۞ጳ઼̼ າᎸ፾ֲ̚ڦᛂᓑॡഇপҾᙯޢ34ğĄഅགྷߏᛂᓑ኎ߐ઼۞ᄋΟĂд :2018 ă؃ă๰Рҹ೻؃ăРႬР೻೻؃ă˿ऱત೻؃ϲ۞ 5 ̰࣎ౙ઼Ğݣᖠҹ೻ ğд઼ᅫ˯۞൴णӧဩĂᄋΟ૟઼छщБჸ൏дБ஧ăડાă؃নਬҾҹ೻ Ѩડાͽ̈́ዐ઼۞ᙯܼĞKrishna, 2014: 70ğĄ1994 ѐᄋΟ൴ܑ˞׌࣎ࢦࢋ ͛ІĂ΃ܑ׎̰ăγ߆ඉ֕ШĂ̶Ҿߏĺ઼छщБၹຐĻăĺγϹ߆ඉၹຐĻĄ дĺ઼छщБၹຐĻ̚Ă઼छщБΒ߁˞ᄋΟхд۞щБăۤົ৩Ԕ׶઼ γϹ߆ඉ۞ӧဩᄃજ˧ 83ޢ઼ޙᄋΟ щБă̳ϔᝋӀ׶ҋϤ۞ܲᅪăགྷᑻщБăࡊԫщБăྤੈщБă۞ޘטछ щБăˠ˾۞щБ̈́ૄЯऱĞ޽ઉ૵ᒖဩğăϠၗщБඈ۞ځᄋΟˠϔ͛ Ğ“Concept of National Security of Mongolia.” 1995ğĂ׎࠹ᙯ୧͛т˭Ĉ 13 國家安全可以透過單邊、雙邊和多邊措施的結合得到保障和強化。 23.5 嚴格禁止使用蒙古的領土與其他國家為敵。確保蒙古在國際上是 非核武器地位，通過政治手段實現該國的安全。追求中亞進入非 核武器區政策。 27.2.2 優先處理與兩個鄰國的關係，並堅持與他們建立平衡關係的原則。 保持平衡的關係並不意味著彼此之間保持等距他們或在所有問題 上持相同立場……兩國之間的爭端應保持中立和不參與的政策， 除非爭端影響蒙古的重大國家利益； 27.2.3 奉行開放的外交政策。 35.3.8 確保蒙古在國際法律規範下有出入海洋的權利。 ८гҜăܧѐ۞ĺ઼छщБၹຐĻѣೀ࣎ࢦࢋ͞ШĈቁܲᄋΟ۞ 1994 γϹ߆ඉͽ̈́ቁܲ΍۞ٸბܲ޺̚ϲ׶̙ણᄃăฟۋၹкᙝᙯܼăዐ઼ޙ ˢঔ߶۞ᝋӀ׶࿅ဩҋϤĄүࠎ˘̰࣎ౙ઼छĂᄋΟυืࢦෛ΍ˢঔ߶۞ WorldsApaRT ణય צDamdin Tsogtbaatar дତ ܜᝋӀĄ2018 ѐᄋΟγϹొ ᄲĈᄋΟᄃ઼̚ăܻᘲ೻൴णπᏊᙯܼĂܜ΍ˢঔ߶۞ᝋӀĄγזॡĂϺ೩ ྍтңࢬٺᏥࠎૄᖂ۞ᙯܼĄҌܫᄃ఺׌઼࣎छѣඉரူҡᙯܼĂ֭ͷߏͽ ఢؠĂ̰ౙ઼छᑕѣᝋ΍ˢ۞ڱঔ߶ٺૄזপҾ೩ܜ၆̰ౙ઼छ۞ӧဩĉγ ࠹ᙯఢؠт˭Ĉڱঔ߶ăᑕѣ࿅ဩҋϤĞWorldsApaRT, 2018ğĄঔ߶ ௐ 125 ୧Ğ΍ˢঔ߶۞ᝋӀ׶࿅ဩҋϤğ ˘ă ČČ̰ౙ઼ᑕѣᝋ΍ˢঔ߶Ąࠎѩϫ۞Ă̰ౙ઼ᑕֳѣӀϡ˘ Ꮾ̍׍఼࿅࿅ဩ઼ᅳ˿۞࿅ဩҋϤĄྻ̷ ă Җֹ࿅ဩҋϤ۞୧І׶͞ёᑕϤ̰ౙ઼׶ѣᙯ࿅ဩ઼఼࿅ᗕᙝă˟ ؠ̟ͽᛉؠĄםડાٕડા̶ ѐ۞ĺγϹ߆ඉၹຐĻѣೀ࣎ࢬШĞ“Concept of Mongolia’s 1994 ҃ Foreign Policy,” 1995ğĈ ăௐ 4 ഇĞ2020/΋؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 84 ඕ༖߆ඉĄι૟Ӆ˧ᔖҺ࿅̶ֶᏥֶٕᏥЇ̙ٸᄋΟᑕ؇Җฟ .3 ңপؠ઼छĄ ᄋΟдેҖ׎γϹ߆ඉॡĂᑕͽͽ˭ࠎ޽ጱĈ .12 a. ᄃܻᘲ೻ᓑ֣׶̚රˠϔВ׶઼ܲ޺̓рᙯܼ૟јࠎᄋΟ઼γ.12 Ϲ۞ᐹА͞ШĄι̙ᑕଳϡЇң˘઼࣎छ۞ྮቢĂ҃ᑕдࣧ݋ ˯ᄃ΁ࣇࣂܲ޺πᏊĄ ൴྿۞઼छ൴ण̓рᙯܼĂּтޘăҘ͞੼ڌb. ௐ˟࣎͞Шߏᄃ.12 ă؂ăᔹ઼ă঍઼ăາΐޘ઼࡚Ă͟ώ׶ᇇ઼ĄТॡĂι૟ᄃО ᜋă๸гӀă༄׏׶༄̀ඈĂ੠Րܳ܆׎ă̜౪ăఈᜋă҅˿ ซ̓рᙯܼ۞߆ඉĄ c. ௐˬ࣎͞Шߏΐૻ׎дֲ߷۞гҜĄ.12 ፟ၹ۞ЪүĄܝd. ௐα͞ШߏܳซᄃᓑЪ઼௡ᖐ̈́׎૞.12 ፾ϲ۞઼छ۞̓ܕe. ௐ̣࣎͞Ш૟ߏ൴णᄃ݈ۤົ͹ཌྷ઼छ̈́າ.12 рᙯܼĄ ϲ̓рᙯܼ֭ᄃιࣇЪүĄޙf. ௐ̱࣎͞Ш૟ߏᄃ൴ण઼̚छ.12 ĺγϹ߆ඉၹຐĻ۞޽ጱࣧ݋Ăੵ˞ૻአᔖҺ࿅̶ֶᏥপؠ઼छγĂ ăҘ̏͞ฟ൴ڌγϹ߆ඉ̪ѣ׎ᐹАԔĄࢵࢋࠎᄃዐ઼۞ᙯܼĂତ඾ߏᄃ ߏᄃ݈ۤົ͹ޢछ൴ण̓рᙯܼĂГֽߏડાّͽ̈́ᓑЪ઼۞ЪүĄ౵઼ ཌྷ઼छᔘѣ൴ण઼̚छޙϲ̓рᙯܼĄĺγϹ߆ඉၹຐĻѣĶкᙝᙯܼķໄ Ă੠Րд̚ăᛂ̝ม۞πᏊᙯܼĂ֭ᄃϔ͹ăξಞགྷᑻ઼छᕖणᙯܼĂه ႙ᆧ۞ડાᄃ઼ᅫม۞̢ᏥĞSoni, 2015: 39-40ğĄ ᄋΟ઼ົд 2010 ѐ׶ 2011 ѐ੫၆ 1994 ѐ۞׌࣎ၹຐઇ΍አፋĂ̶Ҿ Ăௐ 48 ཱིՙᛉǕϺӈĺ઼छщБၹຐĻͽ̈́ௐ 10ڱ఼࿅˞׌ีࢦࢋ۞ϲ ՙᛉůĺγϹ߆ඉၹຐĻĂଘ׎̰ट̙௲ 1994 ѐ۞ቑᘞĄдĺ઼छщБཱི ၹຐĻ͞ࢬĞᄋΟ઼઼छщБ؎ࣶົĂ2010ğĂ׎࠹ᙯ୧͛т˭Ĉ ЪүĄھᑕ൴णᄃܻᘲ೻׶̚රˠϔВ׶઼۞༙ዐ̓рᙯܼ׶ᇃ 3.1.1.4 ăڼдĶௐˬዐ઼ķ߆ඉ॰ߛ̰Ăᄃ൴྿۞ϔ͹઼छ൴ण߆ 3.1.1.5 གྷᑻă̼͛ͽ̈́ˠ྽͹ཌྷᅳા۞ᗕᙝ׶кᙝЪүᙯܼĄ ᄃ׌࣎ዐ઼ă઼࡚ăΔࡗј઼ࣶăለ༖ͽֲ͉̈́гડЧ઼ᚶ 3.1.1.6 ᜈ൴णщБă઼֨ᅳા۞ᗕᙝ׶кᙝЪүᙯܼĂ᎕ໂણᄃ઼ ᅫۤົჯ޺׶π۞ҖજĄ γϹ߆ඉ۞ӧဩᄃજ˧ 85ޢ઼ޙᄋΟ ᏥĈֶޘдགྷᑻщБ˯˵ԓ୕ᔖҺ࿅ ˘̶̝ˬߙ˘઼࣎छ۞Ըྤ̙෹࿅၆ᄋΟγથԸྤᓁᗝטࢨ 3.2.2.2 ቑಛĄ۞ ІǕܢཱི ѐ۞ĺγϹ߆ඉၹຐĻ͹ࢋ̰टѣĞIJ2011 ѐௐ 10 2011 ҃ ᄋΟγϹ߆ඉijğĈ į׶ĺ઼छщБၹຐĻٙؠཌྷڱᄋΟ۞γϹ߆ඉᑕͽĮᄋΟጳ .1 छӀৈࠎૄᖂĄ઼۞ ਎۞ଐރᄋΟ̙଀ΐˢЇң࢕ְТ༖ČČдᄋΟ՟ѣγ઼࢕ְ .11 Ă˵̙଀̯ధγ઼࢕ฤซˢĂొཌٕ࿅ဩĄ˭ڶ ᄋΟдેҖ׎γϹ߆ඉॡᑕᏲೈͽ˭͞ШĈ .14 ᄃܻᘲ೻׶઼̚۞̓рᙯܼ૟ߏᄋΟγϹ߆ඉ۞ᐹАְีĄ 14.1 ҘొڌĂ̂ᔹϔ઼Ă˿҅׎׶׎΁ޘд઼࡚Ă͟ώĂለ༖ĂО 14.2 छ۞Ķௐˬዐ઼ķ߆ඉ॰ߛ̰ᕖ̂׶൴णူҡᙯܼᄃЪүĄ઼ ўдᄃֲ߷׎΁઼छ൴ण̓рᙯܼᄃЪүĂણᄃֲ͉гડкᙝ 14.3 Δֲ׶ֲ̚۞ጼரᘦؠͽ̈́ᕖ̂щБЪүڌĂֲڌЪүĂΐૻ ߆ඉ׶߿જ͚޺׶ણᄃĄ۞ ׶གྷᑻ௡ᖐ᎕ໂٽᏉĂ෶ܛ፟ၹͽ઼̈́ᅫܝᚶᜈᄃᓑЪ઼ă૞ 14.4 ந̚۞үϡĄڼЪүĂ͚֭޺ΐૻᓑЪ઼д͵ࠧ ᅳાซھੵ˞൴णᄃ൴ण઼̚छ۞ᗕᙝᙯܼ׶ЪүγĂᔘдᇃ 14.5 ҖЪүĂΒ߁ᓑЪ઼Ă77 ઼ะဥ׶̙ඕ༖ྻજĄ 肆、第三鄰國政策與蒙古國外交特色 ѐ۞ĺ઼छщБၹຐĻͽ̈́ 2011 ѐ۞ĺγϹ߆ඉၹຐĻߏௐ˘Ѩ 2010 ͛І˯Ăຍဦᄃܻᘲ೻઼̈́̚ͽγ۞͞ء૟Ķௐˬዐ઼ķ఺࣎Щෟརഠд ϲՀღ૜۞ᙯܼĄ˘ਠᄮࠎĶௐˬዐ઼ķ˘ෟֽҋ 1990 ѐ઼઼࡚ચޙछ઼ јᄋܳهజ೩੓Ă఺࣎ໄޘࣦ֓ҹдᄋΟᔙШϔ͹൴ܑႊᄲ͚޺ᄋΟॡࢵ ڍĂҭтاΟ൴णкᙝᙯܼĞKrishna, 2014: 74ğĄ֓ҹᄲᄋΟѣ׌࣎р۞ዐ ᅮࢋௐˬ࣎Ă઼࡚ΞͽјࠎĶௐˬዐ઼ķĄ̙࿅Ă݈ᄋΟγϹొܜ L.
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