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Redalyc.Ácaros Foréticos Asociados a Scolytus Schevyrewi Semenov, 1902 Fitosanidad ISSN: 1562-3009 [email protected] Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal Cuba Quiroz-Ibáñez, Iván Fermín; Estrada-Venegas, Edith G.; Chaires-Grijalva, M. Patricia; Campos-Bolaños, Rodolfo Ácaros foréticos asociados a Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, 1902 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) en Ulmus pumila L. (Urticales: Ulmeaceae) de Chapingo, México Fitosanidad, vol. 21, núm. 1, enero-abril, 2017, pp. 37-43 Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal La Habana, Cuba Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=209155463006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Fitosanidad 21(1) abril (2017) 5- Ácaros foréticos asociados a Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, 1902 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) en Ulmus pumila L. (Urticales: Ulmeaceae) de Chapingo, México Phoretic mites associated to Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, 1902 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Ulmus pumila L. (Urticales: Ulmeaceae) from Chapingo, México Iván Fermín Quiroz-Ibáñez1, Edith G. Estrada-Venegas2, M. Patricia Chaires-Grijalva2 y Rodolfo Cam- pos-Bolaños1 1 UACh. Departamento de Enseñanza, Investigación y Servicio en Parasitología Agrícola y División de Ciencias Forestales. Km 38.5, Carretera México-Texcoco, Texcoco de Mora, México, C.P. 56227 2Colegio de Postgraduados. Instituto de Fitosanidad. Programa de Entomología y Acarología, edith_ev@ yahoo.com.mx RESUMEN ABSTRACT El Olmo de Siberia (Ulmus pumila L. 1753) es un árbol caducifolio de The Elm of Siberia (Ulmus pumila L. 1753) is a deciduous tree of low porte bajo, perteneciente a la familia Ulmaceae, nativo de Asia Central, bearing, belonging to the Ulmaceae family, native to Central Asia, eas- este de Siberia, Mongolia, norte de China y Corea. Se cultiva como tern Siberia, Mongolia, northern China and Korea. It is cultivated as an árbol ornamental, sobre todo en remplazo del olmo común. Los insectos ornamental tree, especially in replacement of the common elm. Insects pertenecientes al género Scolytus atacan la parte terminal del fuste y belonging to the genus Scolytus attack the terminal part of the stem and ramas de especies forestales o de aptitud forestal. Se caracterizan por branches of forest species or forest aptitude. They are characterized by sus colores brillantes y principalmente por el aspecto cóncavo de la bright colors and mainly by the concave aspect of the upper ventral sur- superficie ventral superior del abdomen. Scolytus schevyrewi Seme- face of the abdomen. Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov is an exotic species nov es una especie exótica y fue reportada para México en 2011. Se and was reported for Mexico in 2011. Material fixed in 70 % alcohol of revisó material fijado en alcohol al 70 % deS. schevyrewi de U. pumila S. schevyrewi from U. pumila was reviewed from the Autonomous Uni- procedente de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Estado de México; versity of Chapingo, State of Mexico; the biological material was collected el material biológico fue recolectado mediante colecta directa en las by direct collection in the logs and with aluminum emergency chambers trozas y con cámaras de emergencia de aluminio para trozas en marzo for logs in the month of March of the year 2011. A total of 8880 adults of de 2011. Se cuantificaron un total de 8880 adultos del descortezador y the debarker and 4658 mites were quantified. There are no worldwide 4658 ácaros. No existen registros mundiales de la acarofauna asociada records of the acarofauna associated with S. schevyrewi, so this is the a S. schevyrewi, por lo que este es el primer estudio donde se registran first study where the mites associated with this bark beetle are recorded a los ácaros asociados a este descortezador en México. Se identificaron in Mexico. Five species included in four genera of associated mites cinco especies incluidas en cuatro géneros de ácaros asociados: Cos- were identified: Cosmoglyphus sp., Histiogaster sp., Proctolaelaps sp. moglyphus sp., Histiogaster sp., Proctolaelaps sp. y Trichouropoda spp. and Trichouropoda spp. The most abundant mites were the two genera Los ácaros más abundantes fueron los dos géneros de acáridos con of acarids with 98.69 % of the organisms harvested. The similarity be- el 98,69 % de los organismos recolectados. Se desconoce la similitud tween deutonymph and adults of the genus Histiogaster sp. This is the entre la deutoninfa y adultos del género Histiogaster sp. Este es el first taxonomic work where the mites associated withS. schevyrewi are primer trabajo taxonómico donde se registran los ácaros asociados a recorded worldwide. S. schevyrewi a nivel mundial. Key words: forética mites, escolítidos, México, exotic species. Palabras claves: ácaros foréticos, escolítidos, México, especie exótica. INTRODUCCIÓN El Olmo de Siberia es un árbol caducifolio de porte Asia Central, este de Siberia, Mongolia, norte de China bajo, perteneciente a la familia Ulmaceae, nativo de y Corea. Mide hasta 25-30 m de altura en condiciones Recibido: 2/3/2017 Aceptado: 28/4/2017 37 Fitosanidad 21(1) abril (2017) Quiroz et al. naturales. La mayoría de las especies del género Ulmus por el M. en C. Rodolfo Campos Bolaños, procedente se caracterizan por tener las hojas con lámina de base de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo; el material notoriamente asimétrica. biológico fue recolectado mediante colecta directa en Sin embargo, este carácter es casi imperceptible en las trozas y con cámaras de emergencia de aluminio U. pumila. Se cultiva como árbol ornamental, sobre para trozas en marzo de 2011. todo en remplazo del olmo común (Torres et al., 2008). En 2014 se contabilizaron los ácaros adheridos a los Los insectos pertenecientes al género Scolytus atacan insectos y los que se encontraban en el alcohol con la parte terminal del fuste y ramas de especies de ayuda de un microscopio estereoscópico. oyamel. Se caracterizan por sus colores brillantes y En el caso de los ácaros foréticos se registró la parte o principalmente por el aspecto cóncavo de la superficie zona del cuerpo donde se encontraba adherido. ventral superior del abdomen (Verduzco, 1976). Los ácaros recolectados se colocaron en ácido láctico Durante varias décadas del siglo XX se han intro- por un período de una semana, se montaron en lamini- ducido de Asia a Estados Unidos varias especies de llas permanentes y se etiquetaron para posteriormente escarabajos de la familia Curculionidae, subfamilia continuar con su identificación. Scolytinae y algunas de ellas se han dispersado a Méxi- co como es el caso de Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham, Se utilizaron las claves a familia de Lindquist et al. 1802), que fue recolectado por primera vez en 1986 (2009) y O’Connor (2009), y para géneros se utilizaron en U. parviflora, en áreas urbanas de Ciudad Juárez, las claves de Karg (1989), Chaires-Grijalva (2013) y Chihuahua (Cibrián et al., 1995). O’Connor (2013). Se han registrado siete especies de ácaros asociados a S. multistriatus en California, Estados Unidos, Pye- RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN motes scolyti, Pseudotarsonemoides scolyti, Heterotarso- Se cuantificaron un total de 8880 adultos de S. sche- nemus ., Proctolaelaps scolyti, Chelacheles michalskii, sp vyrewi y 4658 ácaros, de los cuales 91 organismos Camerobialoriori, Histiogaster sp. (Hajek, 1985). se encontraron sobre insectos y 4567 en sedimentos Moser et al. (2005), por su parte, registró un total de de alcohol; se identificaron cinco especies de ácaros, nueve especies asociadas a S. multistriatus y S. pyg- donde los más abundantes fueron dos especies de maeus en Austria: P. scolyti, Pseudotarsonemoides Astigmatina de la familia Acaridae, Cosmoglyphus eccoptogasteri, Trichouropoda bipilis, Tarsonemus cras- sp. (Oudemans, 1932) e Histiogaster sp. (Berlese, sus, Proctolaelaps eccoptogasteris, Proctolaelaps scolyti, 1883); también se determinó el género Proctolae- Chelacheles michalskii, Eueremaeus sp. y Elattoma sp. laps (Berlese, 1923) de la familia Melicharidae y de De acuerdo con Campos et al. (2015), Scolytus sche- la familia Trematuridae al género Trichouropoda vyrewi Semenov es una especie exótica y fue reportada (Berlese, 1916) con dos especies (Tabla 1 y Fig. 1); para México en 2011. Además, este autor resumió la la posición preferida donde se localizaban, en ge- clave de La Bonte (2010) para identificar a S. sche- neral, los ácaros asociados a S. schewerevy fue en vyrewi y diferenciarlo de S. multistriatus, debido a que los esternitos abdominales y entre todas las patas la primera especie no está incluida en la monografía (Tabla 2, Figs. 2 y 3). taxonómica de los descortezadores y ambrosiales de Los estadios encontrados fueron las hembras y deu- norte y Centroamérica de Wood (1982). toninfas principalmente (Fig. 4). No existen registros mundiales de la acarofauna Se desconoce la similitud entre la deutoninfa asociada a S. schevyrewi, por lo que este es el primer y adultos del género Histiogaster sp. (Fig. 5). estudio donde se registran los ácaros asociados a este descortezador en México. A pesar de que la gran mayoría de ácaros fueron recolectados en sedimentos de alcohol, es impor- tante señalar que se encontraron ácaros adheridos MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS en algunos Scolytus, mostrando así su capacidad Se revisó material fijado en alcohol al 70 % de de fijación para poder ser transportados a otros Scolytus
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