''Doctor Who'' - the First Doctor Episode Guide Contents

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''Doctor Who'' - The First Doctor Episode Guide Contents

1 Season 1 1 1.1 An Unearthly Child ...... 1 1.1.1 Plot ...... 1 1.1.2 Production ...... 2 1.1.3 Themes and analyses ...... 4 1.1.4 Broadcast and reception ...... 4 1.1.5 Commercial releases ...... 4 1.1.6 References and notes ...... 5 1.1.7 Bibliography ...... 6 1.1.8 External links ...... 6 1.2 The Daleks ...... 7 1.2.1 Plot ...... 7 1.2.2 Production ...... 8 1.2.3 Themes and analysis ...... 8 1.2.4 Broadcast and reception ...... 8 1.2.5 Commercial releases ...... 9 1.2.6 Film version ...... 10 1.2.7 References ...... 10 1.2.8 Bibliography ...... 10 1.2.9 External links ...... 11 1.3 The Edge of Destruction ...... 11 1.3.1 Plot ...... 11 1.3.2 Production ...... 11 1.3.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 12 1.3.4 Themes and analysis ...... 12 1.3.5 Commercial Releases ...... 12 1.3.6 References ...... 13 1.3.7 External links ...... 13 1.4 Marco Polo ...... 13 1.4.1 Plot ...... 13 1.4.2 Historical episodes ...... 13 1.4.3 Production ...... 14

i ii CONTENTS

1.4.4 Themes and analysis ...... 14 1.4.5 Commercial Releases ...... 14 1.4.6 References ...... 14 1.4.7 External links ...... 15 1.5 The Keys of Marinus ...... 15 1.5.1 Plot ...... 15 1.5.2 Production ...... 16 1.5.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 17 1.5.4 Themes and analysis ...... 17 1.5.5 Commercial Releases ...... 17 1.5.6 References ...... 18 1.5.7 External links ...... 18 1.6 The Aztecs ...... 18 1.6.1 Plot ...... 18 1.6.2 Production ...... 19 1.6.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 19 1.6.4 Themes and analysis ...... 19 1.6.5 Commercial Releases ...... 19 1.6.6 See also ...... 20 1.6.7 References ...... 20 1.6.8 External links ...... 20 1.7 The Sensorites ...... 20 1.7.1 Plot ...... 21 1.7.2 Production ...... 22 1.7.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 22 1.7.4 Commercial releases ...... 22 1.7.5 References ...... 22 1.7.6 External links ...... 23 1.8 The Reign of Terror ...... 23 1.8.1 Plot ...... 23 1.8.2 Production ...... 24 1.8.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 25 1.8.4 Commercial Releases ...... 25 1.8.5 References ...... 25 1.8.6 External links ...... 26

2 Season 2 27 2.1 Planet of Giants ...... 27 2.1.1 Plot ...... 27 2.1.2 Production ...... 28 2.1.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 28 2.1.4 Commercial releases ...... 28 CONTENTS iii

2.1.5 References ...... 28 2.1.6 External links ...... 29 2.2 The Dalek Invasion of Earth ...... 29 2.2.1 Plot ...... 29 2.2.2 Production ...... 31 2.2.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 32 2.2.4 Commercial releases ...... 32 2.2.5 References ...... 33 2.2.6 External links ...... 33 2.3 The Rescue ...... 33 2.3.1 Plot ...... 33 2.3.2 Production ...... 34 2.3.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 35 2.3.4 Commercial releases ...... 35 2.3.5 Notes ...... 35 2.3.6 References ...... 35 2.3.7 External links ...... 36 2.4 The Romans ...... 36 2.4.1 Plot ...... 36 2.4.2 Production ...... 37 2.4.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 37 2.4.4 Commercial Releases ...... 37 2.4.5 References ...... 38 2.4.6 External links ...... 38 2.5 The Web Planet ...... 38 2.5.1 Plot ...... 38 2.5.2 Production ...... 39 2.5.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 39 2.5.4 Commercial Releases ...... 40 2.5.5 References ...... 40 2.5.6 External links ...... 40 2.6 The Crusade ...... 41 2.6.1 Plot ...... 41 2.6.2 Production ...... 42 2.6.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 42 2.6.4 Commercial Releases ...... 42 2.6.5 References ...... 43 2.6.6 External links ...... 43 2.7 The Space Museum ...... 43 2.7.1 Plot ...... 43 2.7.2 Production ...... 44 iv CONTENTS

2.7.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 44 2.7.4 Commercial releases ...... 44 2.7.5 References ...... 44 2.7.6 External links ...... 45 2.8 The Chase ...... 45 2.8.1 Plot ...... 45 2.8.2 Production ...... 46 2.8.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 47 2.8.4 Commercial releases ...... 47 2.8.5 References ...... 48 2.8.6 External links ...... 49 2.9 The Time Meddler ...... 49 2.9.1 Plot ...... 49 2.9.2 Production ...... 50 2.9.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 50 2.9.4 Commercial releases ...... 51 2.9.5 References ...... 51 2.9.6 External links ...... 51

3 Season 3 52 3.1 Galaxy 4 ...... 52 3.1.1 Plot ...... 52 3.1.2 Production ...... 52 3.1.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 53 3.1.4 Commercial Releases ...... 53 3.1.5 See also ...... 53 3.1.6 References ...... 53 3.1.7 External links ...... 53 3.2 Mission to the Unknown ...... 54 3.2.1 Plot ...... 54 3.2.2 Production ...... 54 3.2.3 Commercial releases ...... 55 3.2.4 References ...... 56 3.2.5 External links ...... 56 3.3 The Myth Makers ...... 56 3.3.1 Plot ...... 56 3.3.2 Production ...... 57 3.3.3 Commercial releases ...... 57 3.3.4 References ...... 57 3.3.5 External links ...... 58 3.4 The Daleks’ Master Plan ...... 58 3.4.1 Plot ...... 58 CONTENTS v

3.4.2 Production ...... 59 3.4.3 On stage ...... 61 3.4.4 Commercial releases ...... 61 3.4.5 References ...... 61 3.4.6 External links ...... 62 3.5 The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve ...... 62 3.5.1 Plot ...... 62 3.5.2 Production ...... 64 3.5.3 Commercial releases ...... 64 3.5.4 References ...... 64 3.5.5 External links ...... 64 3.6 The Ark ...... 65 3.6.1 Plot ...... 65 3.6.2 Production ...... 66 3.6.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 66 3.6.4 Commercial releases ...... 66 3.6.5 References ...... 67 3.6.6 External links ...... 67 3.7 The Celestial Toymaker ...... 67 3.7.1 Plot ...... 67 3.7.2 Production ...... 68 3.7.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 69 3.7.4 Commercial releases ...... 69 3.7.5 References ...... 69 3.7.6 External links ...... 69 3.8 The Gunﬁghters ...... 70 3.8.1 Plot ...... 70 3.8.2 Production ...... 70 3.8.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 71 3.8.4 Commercial releases ...... 71 3.8.5 References ...... 72 3.8.6 External links ...... 72 3.9 The Savages ...... 72 3.9.1 Plot ...... 72 3.9.2 Production ...... 73 3.9.3 Commercial releases ...... 73 3.9.4 References ...... 73 3.9.5 External links ...... 73 3.10 The War Machines ...... 74 3.10.1 Plot ...... 74 3.10.2 Production ...... 75 vi CONTENTS

3.10.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 76 3.10.4 Commercial releases ...... 76 3.10.5 References ...... 76 3.10.6 External links ...... 77

4 Season 4 78 4.1 The Smugglers ...... 78 4.1.1 Plot ...... 78 4.1.2 Production ...... 79 4.1.3 Commercial releases ...... 79 4.1.4 Notes ...... 79 4.1.5 References ...... 79 4.1.6 External links ...... 79 4.2 The Tenth Planet ...... 79 4.2.1 Plot ...... 80 4.2.2 Production ...... 81 4.2.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 82 4.2.4 Commercial releases ...... 82 4.2.5 References ...... 82 4.2.6 External links ...... 83

5 Later Appearances 84 5.1 The Three Doctors ...... 84 5.1.1 Plot ...... 84 5.1.2 Production ...... 85 5.1.3 Reception ...... 85 5.1.4 Commercial releases ...... 85 5.1.5 See also ...... 85 5.1.6 References ...... 85 5.1.7 External links ...... 86 5.2 The Five Doctors ...... 86 5.2.1 Plot ...... 86 5.2.2 Production ...... 88 5.2.3 Broadcast and reception ...... 89 5.2.4 Commercial releases ...... 89 5.2.5 See also ...... 90 5.2.6 References ...... 91 5.2.7 External links ...... 91

6 Book 92 6.1 The Sorcerer’s Apprentice ...... 92 6.1.1 Plot ...... 92 CONTENTS vii

6.1.2 References ...... 92 6.1.3 External links ...... 92

7 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses 93 7.1 Text ...... 93 7.2 Images ...... 99 7.3 Content license ...... 101 Chapter 1

Season 1

1.1 An Unearthly Child Susan is precocious, but seems to have strange gaps in her understanding of the world, which the teachers have come to her listed address, number 76 Totters Lane, to “100,000 BC” redirects here. For information about this investigate. Here they encounter a police box, the pro- year, see Middle Paleolithic. gramme’s main prop, known as the TARDIS, from within which they hear Susan’s voice. At that time, the boxes An Unearthly Child (sometimes referred to as 100,000 were a common sight in Britain, but only police officers BC) is the first serial in the British science fiction tele- held a key to enter them. The TARDIS proves to be no vision series Doctor Who. It was first broadcast on BBC ordinary police box: when Ian and Barbara enter, they TV in four weekly parts from 23 November to 14 De- discover it to be much bigger on the inside than the out- cember 1963. Scripted by the Australian writer Anthony side, and furnished with futuristic-looking controls. The Coburn, it introduces William Hartnell as the First Doc- time machine retains its outward appearance when it trav- tor and original companions; Carole Ann Ford as the els through time, which Susan explains as a malfunction Doctor’s granddaughter Susan Foreman, Jacqueline Hill in the circuitry that is supposed to adapt its appearance to as Barbara Wright and William Russell as Ian Chesterton its surroundings. as school teachers. The first episode deals with Ian and Susan lives with her grandfather, the mysterious Doctor, Barbara’s discovery of the Doctor and his time-space ship who does not otherwise identify himself. He is a cranky, TARDIS in a junkyard in contemporary London. The re- hostile, suspicious old man who appears to be a fugitive. maining episodes are set amid a power struggle between Fearing that Barbara and Ian will give away the secret of warring Stone Age factions who have lost the secret of the TARDIS and make life impossible for him in London, making fire. he sets the Tardis in flight and ends up in the Stone Age. Initially, the first episode was recorded in September In the remaining three episodes, the four become in- 1963 on 405-line black and white videotape. Creator volved in a brutal power struggle within a Stone Age Sydney Newman and producer Verity Lambert decided tribe. In “The Cave of Skulls”, the group encounters a to rerecord the episode, while making subtle revisions in Paleolithic tribe and are subsequently imprisoned by them the Doctor’s characterisation, following several technical in a large cave. In “The Forest of Fear”, they are shown and performance errors. This second recording was in to escape from the settlement, but are subsequently in- October 1963. tercepted before reaching the TARDIS. They barely es- The launch of Doctor Who was overshadowed by the cape with their lives by exploitation of Ian’s knowledge assassination of John F. Kennedy the previous day. The of how to produce fire, which induces fear and respect in serial received favourable reviews, and the four episodes the primitive Stone Age society. The final episode, “The attracted an average of 6 million viewers. However, it be- Firemaker”, has the group mediating separate factions of came overshadowed by the subsequent story, The Daleks. the tribe before fleeing successfully to the TARDIS. They travel, seemingly at random, to a new destination; even the Doctor does not know where. The TARDIS’s view screen shows a mysterious forest that the Doctor declares 1.1.1 Plot “could be anywhere”, which acts as a teaser for the next story. As the time travellers leave their machine, a ra- The first episode starts in a junkyard in contemporary diation meter is shown on the console of the machine, London and introduces the four characters who were to unheeded by them, registering “Danger”. form the core of the first year’s production: the Doctor, schoolteachers Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright, who are concerned about one of their pupils at Coal Hill School named Susan Foreman, who seems to have a very alien outlook on England.

1 2 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1

1.1.2 Production October, were directed by Hussein’s production assistant, Douglas Camfield.[9] The incidental music score was provided by Norman Kay. The scenic designer assigned The serial that became An Unearthly Child was origi- to the serial was Peter Brachacki, who originated the nally commissioned from writer Anthony Coburn in June distinctive TARDIS interior set, but he eventually han- 1963, when it was intended to run as the second Doctor dled only the very first episode before being replaced Who serial. At this stage, it was planned that the series by Barry Newbery, as he was unhappy working on the would open with a serial entitled The Giants, to be writ- programme.[7] ten by BBC staff scriptwriter C. E. Webber.[4] Webber The early series, says cultural scholar John Paul Green, had been heavily involved in the brainstorming meetings “explicitly positioned the Doctor as grandfather to his which had led to the creation of Doctor Who, and—with companion Susan.”[10] Unlike most Doctor Who episodes, BBC Head of Drama Sydney Newman and Head of Se- the Doctor is accompanied in the TARDIS by not only rials Donald Wilson—had co-written the initial format one companion, Susan, but also her school teachers, document for the series. Ian and Barbara (William Russell and Jacqueline Hill). By the middle of June, however, Wilson and Doctor Scholar John R. Cook reflects that the teachers’ presence Who's initial “caretaker producer” Rex Tucker decided echoes Doctor Who ' s original educational remit.[11] The to reject The Giants. This was partly because it was felt New Scientist reflected, in 1982, that the serial was set in the serial lacked the necessary impact for an opener, and the stone age because the show’s original intention was partly because it was felt that the technical requirements “to bring to life the Earth’s history.”[12] of the storyline—which involved the leading characters The first version of the opening episode was recorded being drastically reduced in size—would be beyond the at Lime Grove Studios on the evening of 27 Septem- capacities of the young series at this point, given the fa- ber 1963, following a week of rehearsals. The second cilities available.[5] Due to the lack of scripts ready for attempt at the opening episode was recorded on 18 Oc- production, it was decided to move Coburn’s serial up to tober, with the following three episodes being recorded first place in the running order.[5] weekly from that point onwards on 25 October, 1 Novem- By the end of June, responsibility for getting Doctor ber and 8 November.[7] As with much British television Who off the ground was handed over to producer Verity of the era, the episodes were predominantly videotaped Lambert and script editor David Whitaker, neither of “as live", with little scope for re-takes or breaks in record- whom were greatly impressed with Coburn’s serial as a ing. This left room for the many mistakes that are evident series 'opener'. The writer was asked to carry out major in the serial, but did allow the episodes to be completed rewrites.[6] Some consideration was even given to drop- very quickly. ping the scripts altogether, with writer Terence Dudley briefly sounded out about providing a replacement, but a lack of time necessitated Coburn’s serial going ahead.[6] Pilot episode The moving up in the schedule of Coburn’s story necessitated his rewriting the opening episode to include some introductory elements of Webber’s script for the first episode of The Giants; as a result, Webber received a co-writer’s credit for the episode “An Unearthly Child” on internal BBC documentation.[7] Coburn did, however, make several significant original contributions of his own, most notably that the Doctor’s time machine should exter- nally resemble a police box, which subsequently went on to become one of the main icons of the show. Coburn had the idea for the design when he came across a real police box while on a walk near his office.[7] Concerned to avoid any possibility of sexual impropriety implicit in having a young girl travelling with an older man, Coburn also insisted that the character of Susan Foreman should be re- William Hartnell and Carole Ann Ford in the original pilot episode. Note the change in costumes compared to the screen drawn as the Doctor’s granddaughter, rather than simply capture of the same scene, above. his travelling companion. The serial as a whole was originally to have been di- The first episode, “An Unearthly Child”, was originally rected by Rex Tucker, but when he moved on from the recorded a month before full recording on the series be- series, young staff director Waris Hussein, who had been gan. However, the initial recording was bedevilled with attached to Doctor Who from an early stage, was given technical problems and errors made during the perfor- the assignment.[7] Some of the pre-filmed inserts for the mance. A particular problem occurred with the doors serial, shot at Ealing Studios in September[8] and early leading into the TARDIS control room, which would 1.1. AN UNEARTHLY CHILD 3 not close properly, instead randomly opening and clos- Alternative titles ing through the early part of the scene. Two versions of the scene set in the TARDIS were recorded, along with As was usual at the beginning of the series’ history, no an aborted first attempt to start the second version. overall title appeared on-screen, and each episode has its own title. 100,000 BC is the title that was used by the pro- Sydney Newman, after viewing the episode, met producer duction team at the time of transmission. However, due Verity Lambert and director Waris Hussein. He indicated to the absence of an overall onscreen title for the four- the many faults he found with the episode and ordered episode storyline, reference works have used various ti- that it be mounted again; a consequence of this was the tles, some originating from the BBC Production Office delay of the show’s planned 16 November 1963 premiere and others seemingly invented by fans. date. This initial episode is now known as the unaired “pilot episode”, although it was never intended as such, Titles used for the story include, in rough chronological since the practice of producing pilot episodes did not exist order:[15] in Britain in the 1960s. During the weeks between the two tapings, changes were • The Tribe of Gum: An early working title which was made to costuming, effects, performances, and the script used up until the beginning of recording. It survived (which had originally featured a more callous and threat- in a few documents derived from earlier paperwork, ening Doctor and Susan doing strange things like flicking such as the payments for overseas sales, and started ink blots onto paper). Changes made before the final ver- appearing again in reference works in the late 1970s sion were filmed include a thunderclap sound effect being and 1980s, including being used when the transcript deleted from the opening theme music; Susan’s dress be- of the serial was published by Titan Books. ing changed to make her look more like a schoolgirl than • 100,000 BC: The first-known use is a public- the original costume, which made her appear more alien ity release dating from when the story was being and sensual; the Doctor’s costume being changed from recorded, and this title is used on subsequent lists a contemporary jacket and tie to his familiar Edwardian and publicity releases. clothing; a reference to the Doctor and Susan being from the 49th century was replaced with the line "[from] an- • The Palaeolithic Age: Used by producer Verity Lam- other time, another world"; the TARDIS door being re- bert in a letter to a viewer in late 1964. paired so that it closed properly; and a refinement of the TARDIS sound effect. • The Stone Age: Used on the biography listing on a publicity release for a later story in late 1965. The original episode was not broadcast until 26 August 1991, when the BBC aired a version that edited together • An Unearthly Child (or variants thereof): The ti- the first half of the taping with one of the two completed tle of the first episode, used by the 1973 Radio second halves. As it happened, the version chosen was the Times Tenth Anniversary Special and subsequently one in which the TARDIS doors would not close; other by the 1976 edition of The Making of Doctor Who, errors included actress Carole Ann Ford fluffing a line with much subsequent commercial use, including of dialogue, Jacqueline Hill getting caught in a doorway, the novelisation, VHS and DVD releases of the a camera banging into a piece of scenery during one of story. the scrapyard sequences, and William Russell accidentally knocking over a mannequin in the scrapyard. Ear- Many documents lack any title at all (whereas for later lier, in June 1991, a version with the first half edited to- stories they are clearer), including the 1974 BBC Enter- gether with the other take of the second half of the pi- prises listing A Quick Guide to Doctor Who, which was the lot was released on the VHS compilation The Hartnell main source of titles for most early fan reference works. Years;[13] later, in 2000, the complete version (including both takes) was released in a remastered form on VHS, Which title should be used is a subject that has generated along with The Edge of Destruction.[14] In 2006, the Doc- controversy amongst fans of the series. Fan researchers tor Who: The Beginning DVD set contained two versions such as David J. Howe argue that since 100,000 BC was of the episode: an unedited studio recording including all used by the production team at the time of transmission, it takes of the second part of the show, and a newly cre- is the most accurate title. However, the BBC markets the ated version of the pilot that uses the best footage from story as An Unearthly Child. Consequently, this became the original recording, with additional editing and digital the most common title used for the story. adjustments to remove blown lines, technical problems, and reduce studio noise. Like the other episodes from Cast notes this serial, both versions of the “pilot” were remastered for DVD release, using VidFIRE technology that simu- Derek Newark later played Greg Sutton in the serial lated the original video look of the 1963 production. Inferno. Alethea Charlton later played Edith in the serial The Time Meddler. Eileen Way later played Karela in the serial The Creature from the Pit and appeared in 4 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1

the film Daleks: Invasion Earth 2150 AD. Jeremy Young predictably, but there was little to thrill”. She went on to later played Gordon Lowery in Mission to the Unknown. write that the second part was “a depressing sequel” and the “wigs and furry pelts and clubs and laborious dialogue were all ludicrous”.[23] It also received a short favourable 1.1.3 Themes and analyses review in the Daily Mail, who claimed that it “must have delighted the hearts of the Telegoons who followed”.[18] Scholar Mark Bould discusses how the serial establishes Retrospective reviews are mainly positive towards An Un- Doctor Who ' s socio-political stances. He writes, “The earthly Child. Referring to the serial while discussing story represents the separation/reunion, capture/escape, the early years of Doctor Who, the New Scientist ' sMal- pursuit/evasion that will dominate the next twenty-six colm Peltu praised the script, acting and direction, al- years, as well as the program’s consistent advocacy of the though he was less complimentary about the scenery, BBC’s political and social liberalism.” He cites Ian and which, he says, looks like cardboard.[12] Radio Times re- Barbara’s attempt to teach a cavewoman kindness, friend- viewer Patrick Mulkern praised the casting of Hartnell, ship and democracy, writing “a tyrant is not as strong as the “moody” direction and the “thrilling” race back to [16] the whole tribe acting collectively”. the TARDIS.[24] In 2010, Christopher Bahn of The A.V. Lawrence Miles and Tat Wood argue that the cavemen’s Club labelled An Unearthly Child an essential serial to focus on fire is meant to stand in for all technology, thus watch for background on the programme.[25] In his re- linking the latter three episodes with the questions of gen- view, he noted that the first episode is “brilliantly done; erational change raised by the first episode and its focus the next three together could be about a half-hour shorter on suspicion of children, and tying that to a discussion of but get the job done”. He praised the characters of Ian, technological progress, including the nuclear bomb. They Barbara, and the mysterious Doctor, but noted that he also argue that, contrary to the tendency to treat the story was far from the character he would become and Susan as a one-episode introduction to the series followed by was “something of a cipher” with the hope she would de- “three episodes of running around and escaping” that the velop later.[26] DVD Talk's John Sinnott called the first piece should be considered as a single, dramatic whole episode “excellent”, but felt the “story goes down hill that is “about making four people who barely know one a bit” with the introduction of the prehistoric time pe- another learn to trust each other.” [17] riod. He cited the slower pace, the discussions in "Tarzan- speak”, and the lack of tension or high stakes.[27] The opening episode’s cliffhanger was commended by the 1.1.4 Broadcast and reception Daily Worker,[18] and in 2010, Charlie Jane Anders of io9 listed it among the show’s greatest cliffhangers.[28] The first episode was transmitted at 5:16pm on Satur- To date, the serial has been repeated twice on the BBC, day 23 November 1963. The assassination of John F. on BBC Two in November 1981, the first full repeat Kennedy on the previous day overshadowed the launch for a Hartnell story screened on the BBC, achieving au- of a new television series.[18] It has been written that the dience figures of 4.6, 4.3, 4.4 & 3.9 million viewers transmission was delayed by ten minutes due to extended respectively.[21] It was shown again (with viewing figures news coverage; in fact, it went out just eighty seconds of 0.8, 0.7. 0.5 & 0.5 million[29]) as part of the Doc- late.[19][20] The first episode was repeated a week later, on tor Who 50th Anniversary, on 21 November 2013, when 30 November, preceding the second episode, “The Cave BBC Four aired the four episodes of a newly restored ver- of Skulls”.[18] sion concurrently,[30][31][32][33] as did the Horror Channel The first episode was watched by 4.4 million viewers as part of the Who On Horror season on Good Friday, 18 [34] (9.1% of the viewing audience), and it received a “higher- April 2014. than-average” score of 63 on the Reaction Index.[18] The repeat of episode 1 reached a larger audience of 6.0 mil- 1.1.5 Commercial releases lion viewers[21] Across its four episodes, An Unearthly Child was watched by an average of 6 million (12.3% In print of potential viewers).[18] Episodes 2 - 4 achieved ratings [21] of 5.9, 6.9 and 5.4 million viewers respectively. Mark Writer David Whitaker omitted the An Unearthly Child Bould, however, suggests that a disappointing audience adventure from the first spin-off novelisation, Doctor reaction and high production costs prompted the BBC’s Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks (later chief of programmes to cancel the series, until the Daleks, retitled Doctor Who and the Daleks and Doctor Who - introduced in the second serial in December 1963, were [22] The Daleks), with Ian and Barbara’s entrance into the immediately popular with viewers. TARDIS leading directly into an adaptation of the second The Guardian reviewer Mary Crozier was unimpressed televised serial, The Daleks.[35] Historian James Chap- by the serial after the first two episodes, thinking that it man highlights this as a reason that, in an age before “has fallen off badly soon after getting underway”. Of home video, many people believed the Dalek serial to be the first episodes, she wrote that it “got off the ground the first Doctor Who story because the novelisations pub- 1.1. AN UNEARTHLY CHILD 5 lished by Target Books were the “closest that fans had to [4] Howe, Stammers & Walker 1994, pp. 181–2 the original programmes”.[35] Similarly, Cornell et al. re- [5] Howe, Stammers & Walker 1994, p. 186 port that the second serial overshadowed An Unearthly Child to such an extent that many people believed that [6] Howe, Stammers & Walker 1994, p. 195 Terry Nation (writer of The Daleks) created not only the famous monsters but the entire show itself; this error be- [7] Howe, Stammers & Walker 1994 came so prevalent that it was mistakenly included in an [8] http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-09-19/ edition of the board game Trivial Pursuit.[36] first-ever-doctor-who-scene-filmed-fifty-years-ago-today

Terrance Dicks wrote the Target novelisation of this [9] Howe, Stammers & Walker 1994, p. 220 story, initially published as Doctor Who and an Unearthly Child in October 1981. A French-language version of the [10] Green 2010, p. 7 novelisation with the title Docteur Who entre en scène (lit- [11] Cook 1999, p. 116 erally, Doctor Who takes the stage) was published in 1987. A 1990 German edition published by Goldmann was one [12] Peltu, Malcolm (21 January 1982). “Dr Who”. New Sci- of six Doctor Who novels from that publisher, and was entist 93 (1289): 177. ISSN 0262-4079. the only one not to feature the Daleks. The German title [13] “The Hartnell Years”. The TARDIS Library. Retrieved 19 was Doctor Who und das Kind von den Sternen (Doctor October 2010. Who and the Child from the Stars). It was the ﬁrst Target novelisation to feature the “neon logo” and early editions [14] “The Edge of Destruction & The Pilot Episode”. The featured a red foil logo. The First Doctor’s appearance in TARDIS Library. Retrieved 18 October 2010. the Eighth Doctor Adventures novel The Eight Doctors, [15] Pixley, Andrew (15 January 2001). “By Any Other also by Dicks, occurs during this story. Name”. Time Space Visualizer. New Zealand Doctor A verbatim transcript of the transmitted version of this Who Fan Club. Retrieved 27 April 2009. serial, edited by John McElroy and titled The Tribe of [16] Bould 2008, p. 214 Gum, was published by Titan Books in January 1988. It was the ﬁrst in what was intended to be a long series of [17] Wood, Tat and Lawrence Miles (2006). About Time Vol- Doctor Who script books.[37] ume 1. Mad Norwegian Press. pp. 17–22. [18] Chapman 2006, p. 25

Home media [19] Howe & Walker 1998, p. 9

The story was originally released on VHS in 1990,[38] [20] Howe, Stammers & Walker 2003 and the unaired pilot (edited with the second take of [21] http://guide.doctorwhonews.net/story.php?story= the TARDIS scene) was released as part of The Hartnell AnUnearthlyChild&detail=broadcast Years in 1991.[39] The story An Unearthly Child was rere- leased and remastered in 2000, with this edition being re- [22] Bould 2008, p. 215 [40] leased only in the UK and Australia. It was remastered [23] Crozier, Mary (2 December 1963). “Television”. The again and subsequently released on DVD in January 2006 Guardian. p. 7. Retrieved 15 January 2012. with The Daleks and The Edge of Destruction in the DVD box set The Beginning, which includes all footage from [24] Mulkern, Patrick (1 October 2008). “Doctor Who: An the pilot (as well as an edited and enhanced 'special edi- Unearthly Child”. Radio Times. Retrieved 22 November 2012. tion' of the pilot episode).[41] It was also released in the US and Canada 27 May 2014 as part of An Adventure in [25] Bahn, Christopher (8 April 2010). “Doctor Who: Space and Time 3 disc Blu-ray set. The set includes the Primer”. The A.V. Club. Retrieved 31 March 2012. feature on Blu-ray & DVD and An Unearthly Child on [26] Bahn, Christopher (5 June 2011). “An Unearthly Child”. DVD.[42][43] The A.V. Club. Retrieved 31 March 2012.

[27] Sinnott, John (1 April 2006). “Doctor Who: The Begin- 1.1.6 References and notes ning”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 22 November 2012.

[1] Shaun Lyon; et al. (31 March 2007). “An Unearthly [28] Anders, Charlie Jane (31 August 2010). “Greatest Doctor Child”. Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on Who cliﬀhangers of all time!". io9. Retrieved 31 March 6 May 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008. 2012.

[2] “100,000 BC”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved [29] http://guide.doctorwhonews.net/story.php?story= 30 August 2008. AnUnearthlyChild&detail=broadcast&page=3

[3] Sullivan, Shannon (23 July 2006). “100,000 BC”. A Brief [30] “Doctor Who, Season 1, An Unearthly Child - Episodes History of Time Travel. Archived from the original on 22 by date, November 1981”. BBC Programmes. Retrieved September 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008. 19 November 2013. 6 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1

[31] Jeffery, Morgan (11 September 2013). "'Doctor Who' • Evans, Jeff (1995). The Guinness Television Ency- specials, documentaries and classic episodes for 50th”. clopedia. Guinness. ISBN 0-85112-744-4. Digital Spy. Retrieved 10 November 2013. • Green, John Paul (2010). “The Regeneration Game: [32] “BBC releases 'Doctor Who' 50th anniversary trailer”. Doctor Who and the Changing Faces of Heroism”. nme.com. 21 October 2013. Retrieved 10 November In Garner, Ross P.; Beattie, Melissa; McCormack, 2013. Una. Impossible Worlds, Impossible Things: Cul- [33] “An Unearthly Child Series 1, An Unearthly Child tural Perspectives on “Doctor Who”, “Torchwood” Episode 1 of 4”. BBC. Retrieved 10 November 2013. and the “Sarah Jane Adventures”. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 1- [34] “Horror Channel: Doctor Who - An Unearthly Child”. 4438-1960-3. Retrieved 18 April 2014. • [35] Chapman 2006, p. 26 Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James (1994). Doctor Who The Handbook: The [36] Cornell, Day & Topping 1993, p. 303 First Doctor – The William Hartnell Years 1963– 1966. London: Doctor Who Books. ISBN 0-426- [37] Coburn 1988, pp. 4, 7 20430-1. [38] “An Unearthly Child”. The TARDIS Library. Edition: UK • (original). Retrieved 12 June 2010. Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James (2003). The Television Companion: The Un- [39] “The Hartnell Years”. The TARDIS Library. Edition: UK. official and Unauthorised Guide to DOCTOR WHO Retrieved 12 June 2010. (2nd ed.). Surrey: Telos Publishing. ISBN 1- 903889-51-0. [40] “An Unearthly Child”. The TARDIS Library. Edition: UK (remastered). Retrieved 12 June 2010. • Howe, David J.; Walker, Stephen James (1998). [41] Couzens, Gary (30 January 2006). “Doctor Who: The Doctor Who: The Television Companion. London: Beginning (1963–1964) Region 2 DVD Video Review”. BBC Worldwide. ISBN 0-563-40588-0. Home Cinema @ The Digital Fix. Poisonous Monkey. Re- trieved 12 June 2010. 1.1.8 External links [42] “Doctor Who: An Adventure in Space and Time Blu-ray”. blu-ray.com. Retrieved 30 September 2015. • An Unearthly Child at BBC Online [43] Lambert, David (5 March 2014). “Doctor Who - 'An Ad- • venture in Space and Time' Blu-ray/DVD Combo: Date, An Unearthly Child at BBC Programmes Cost, BONUS!". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 30 • 100,000 BC at Doctor Who: A Brief History of September 2015. Time (Travel) • 1.1.7 Bibliography 100,000 BC at the Doctor Who Reference Guide • An Unearthly Child Radio Times entry on BBC • Bould, Mark (2008). “Science Fiction Television in Genome the United Kingdom”. In J.P. Telotte. The Essential Science Fiction Television Reader. University Press • of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2492-1. An Unearthly Child on TARDIS Data Core, an external wiki • Chapman, James (2006). Inside the Tardis: The Worlds of Doctor Who. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 1-84511- 162-1. Reviews

• Coburn, Anthony (1988). McElroy, John, ed. Doc- • An Unearthly Child reviews at Outpost Gallifrey tor Who - The Scripts: The Tribe of Gum. London: Titan Books. ISBN 1-85286-012-X. • An Unearthly Child reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide • Cook, John R. (1999). “Adapting telefantasy: the Doctor Who and the Daleks ﬁlms”. In Hunter, IQ. • An Unearthly Child original pilot reviews at The British Science Fiction Cinema. Psychology Press. Doctor Who Ratings Guide ISBN 0-415-16868-6.

• Cornell, Paul; Day, Martin; Topping, Keith (1993). Target novelisation The Guinness Book of Classic British TV. Guinness. ISBN 0-85112-543-3. • On Target — Doctor Who and An Unearthly Child 1.2. THE DALEKS 7

1.2 The Daleks In the ensuing chaos, the Doctor and his companions escape with the Thals, and learn their version of the history This article is about the 1963 television serial. For other of their planet. They also learn that the Thals are avowed uses, see Dalek (disambiguation). pacifists. They are unable to leave Skaro, however, as the fluid link has been taken by the Daleks. In order to save them from the Daleks, the TARDIS crew convinces the The Daleks (also known as The Mutants and The Dead Thals of the importance of aggression and warfare, and Planet) is the second serial in the British science fiction manages to lead the Thals in a successful attack against television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in the Daleks. At the end, it is believed the Dalek race has seven weekly parts from 21 December 1963 to 1 Febru- been destroyed when their power supply is knocked out. ary 1964. It is the first serial to be entirely set on an alien The TARDIS crew leave Skaro, but an explosion in the planet. It was written by Terry Nation and directed by TARDIS knocks them out. Christopher Barry and Richard Martin. This story marks the first appearance of the Doctor’s greatest extraterres- trial enemies, the Daleks, and is also the first to feature recurring Skaro people, the Thals. Continuity In the serial, the First Doctor (William Hartnell), his granddaughter Susan (Carole Ann Ford), and her teach- The serial marks the first appearance of the TARDIS' ers Ian Chesterton (William Russell) and Barbara Wright food machine.[1] The mercury-filled fluid links in the (Jacqueline Hill) land in an alien jungle and are captured TARDIS console feature again in subsequent stories in- by the Daleks, a race of mutated creatures who are surviv- cluding The Wheel in Space, written by The Daleks ' script ing off the radiation that remains in the atmosphere after editor David Whitaker.[2] Anti-radiation drugs are shown a nuclear war they waged with their enemies. to be required to survive on the surface of Skaro in this serial—a plot point repeated in Destiny of the Daleks when the Doctor next returns (chronologically) to the 1.2.1 Plot post-war planet.[3]

This story introduces two plotlines in Doctor Who, that This story marks the first appearance of the Daleks. of the TARDIS' navigational circuits malfunctioning and Although many parts of the Dalek mythos were estab- that of the supposed destruction of the Dalek race. In lished here, several key elements of the continuity were this case, instead of bringing its crew back to Earth, the retroactively changed over the years. The most notable TARDIS lands in a petrified jungle, and the Doctor has change regarded the nature of the war with the Thals to try to fix their position by taking a reading of the stars. and the transformation into the Daleks. In this story, the The Doctor insists they explore a futuristic city they spot Daleks mutated as a direct result of the war, and their beyond the forest but Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright previous species was called the Dals. In the later Genesis are not convinced. In the forest someone touches Susan’s of the Daleks, their mutation was accelerated (but not di- shoulder, but the Doctor doesn't believe her. Later a box rectly caused) by the machinations of Davros, their previous species was the Kaleds, and the mutation marked of vials is found outside the TARDIS. The Doctor claims [4] the fluid link of the TARDIS is running low on mercury the end of the war with the Thals. (a ruse he later admits to), forcing the crew to travel to This story was also the only instance in which the Daleks’ the city in search of more mercury. dependence, for motive power, on static electricity from Inside the city, Barbara becomes separated from her col- the floors of their city was a factor. In their next ap- leagues, and is, in the iconic first episode cliffhanger, pearance, The Dalek Invasion of Earth, they had found a threatened by an unseen creature with a metal arm - the way around this restriction—they sported small satellite- first appearance of a Dalek. Before long, the entire crew type dishes to receive power transmissions, and subse- is captured by the Daleks. Susan is eventually sent to re- quently the design incorporated power-panel slats around trieve anti-radiation drugs from the TARDIS, the Doctor the midsection (though an affinity for static was occa- realising this is what the box contained. Susan encounters sionally referenced in future serials, such as The Power a second species, the Thals, who used to be at war with the of the Daleks, and the plot of Death to the Daleks required an explanation that for basic movement they now Daleks. The Thal who left the drugs reveals he encoun- [5][6][7] tered her in the forest. Susan attempts to broker peace utilised telekinesis). Similarly, this story states that between the two groups, and while it appears to work, the Daleks require radiation in order to live at all (leading the Daleks eventually betray the Thals, opening fire on to them trying to further irradiate Skaro); later stories, including the immediate sequel, show them operating with- them at what was supposed to be a peaceful exchange of [5] food. The Daleks try using the anti-radiation drugs, but out heavy background radiation. discover that they are fatal to Daleks. They conclude that The Thals feature again in Planet of the Daleks and Gene- Daleks need radiation to survive and decide to bombard sis of the Daleks.[4][8] In Destiny of the Daleks, they appear the atmosphere with more radiation. to have abandoned Skaro.[3] 8 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1

1.2.2 Production The remount was done two weeks before it was broadcast, and Susan’s outfit was changed in the second ver- Script editor David Whitaker commissioned a six-part se- sion. The only surviving footage of the first version is the rial from comedy writer Terry Nation, after being im- recap at the start of the second episode, “The Survivors”, pressed by his work in the science-fiction series Out of showing Barbara menaced by a Dalek; the correspond- This World. This was formally commissioned under the ing scene at the end of “The Dead Planet” was recreated title The Mutants on 31 July, and was originally intended when the episode was remounted.[18] The second episode, to air fourth in the season’s line-up, after Marco Polo.[9] “The Survivors”, was taped on 22 November 1963. Min- The designer originally assigned to this serial was Ridley utes before taping started, the cast and crew learned of Scott, later a famed film director. However, a prob- the assassination of John F. Kennedy but it was decided lem with Scott’s schedule meant that he was replaced by to continue with the recording. Raymond Cusick, who was thus given the task of realising the Dalek creatures.[10] Cusick based the design of the Dalek props Daleks on a man sitting in a chair.[1] The Daleks proved to be very popular, but Cusick received little money for Four timber and fibreglass Dalek props were created for merchandise sold with his design.[1] the serial, designed by Ray Cusick and constructed by Nation once claimed that he came up with the name Shawcraft Engineering.[19] “Dalek” after seeing a set of encyclopedias with one volume spanning the section of the alphabet from Dal - Lek. However, he later admitted that this was simply a good 1.2.3 Themes and analysis story for the sake of the press, and that in fact he had just made up the name.[11] The cliffhanger to the first episode, In About Time, Tat Wood and Lawrence Miles discuss the in which Barbara is confronted by a Dalek’s sucker arm, story’s heavy debt to Dan Dare and Flash Gordon comics, was filmed with floor manager Michael Ferguson hold- quipping that “scratch any Nation story and you'll find ei- ing the arm, rather than it being attached to a full Dalek ther a Flash Gordon or a Rider Haggard squirming un- body.[1] der the surface,” as well as pointing out that the Daleks are modeled after Nazi Germany. They also point out the way in which the easily broken TARDIS parallels the Alternative titles space travel of 1963, where “one faulty component could doom the astro- or cosmonaut at the controls.” On the During production the overall story went through a num- whole, however, they praise the degree to which Skaro ber of working titles such as The Survivors and Beyond is realized, not just in Nation’s script (where they com- the Sun, before settling down as The Mutants.[12] This pare the world-building to that of J.R.R. Tolkien) but in title was used in most BBC paperwork using titles for the design work of Raymond Cusick and the sound and over a decade. In 1972 a later Doctor Who story called music of Brian Hodgson and Tristram Cary.[20] The Mutants was produced (also directed by Christopher Barry).[13] To avoid confusion, two titles have emerged as alternatives. The Dead Planet came into use after the 1.2.4 Broadcast and reception 1973 Radio Times 10th anniversary Doctor Who special referred to all the early stories by the title of their first In 1999 during a BBC2 themed evening, “Doctor Who episodes. The Dead Planet was used in many licensed Night” (13 November 1999) hosted by Tom Baker, a spe- guides and magazines up until 1980, when it was dis- cial edit of episode 7 'The Rescue' was broadcast which placed by The Daleks, a title deriving from the story’s included 5 minutes of footage from episode 6. Addi- book and film adaptations and with no basis in contempo- tionally, due to a mistake when mastering a short section rary usage. This title has largely stuck, and was used for of episode 7 was omitted. The serial was most recently the script book published by Titan Books in 1989,[14] as broadcast on the BBC on BBC Four, as part of a celebra- well as the VHS and DVD releases. However, some ref- tion of the life and work of producer Verity Lambert. It erence guides still refer to the serial as The Mutants.[15] was shown in three blocks from 5 to 9 April 2008. Christopher Bahn of The A.V. Club wrote that The Daleks is “quite solid, full of well-paced action and some inter- Filming estingly subtle characterizations, though it definitely begins to drag around the fifth episode, with a long trek According to text commentary on the 2006 DVD release, through swamps and caverns that moves the plot for- the first episode, “The Dead Planet”, was recorded twice; ward by about an inch”.[24] Radio Times reviewer Patrick this fact is confirmed in the 2010 book Wiped! Doctor Mulkern praised the strength of Nation’s script, espe- Who’s Missing Episodes, written by Doctor Who expert cially the first three cliffhangers. However, he felt that Richard Molesworth.[16] The first version was affected “the urgency and claustrophobia dissipate towards the by a technical fault that captured backstage voices.[17] end”, with the final battle being “a disappointingly limp 1.2. THE DALEKS 9

affair”.[25] DVD Talk's John Sinnott, despite noting that elisation, which has led to some reference books erro- “there are a few parts that drag just a bit”, commended neously listing the character by this name. In the PC game the script for holding tension unlike in An Unearthly Child Destiny of the Doctors, the player has to ask the First Doc- and allowing the characters to develop. Sinnott also com- tor the surname of Susan for one of the tasks. Both En- mented that the serial made the Daleks scary despite glish and Foreman are available options (although only what they would become later.[26] In 2010, Charlie Jane the latter is considered correct in the game). Anders of io9 listed the cliffhanger of the first episode [27] The novelisation was translated into Dutch, Turkish, among the show’s greatest cliffhangers. Japanese, Portuguese, French and German. In 2005 the novel was issued by BBC Audio as part of Survival the Doctor Who: Travels in Time and Space audio book collectors tin, read by William Russell. The Daleks survives due to the efforts of film collector The script of this serial, edited by John McElroy and titled Ian Levine, who discovered in 1978 that older episodes The Daleks, was published by Titan Books in December of Doctor Who were being junked to make way for newer 1989.[31] programmes. Coincidentally, he arrived the day that all seven episodes of The Daleks were scheduled to be junked, and when he learned of this, he contacted the BBC Archive Selector, the official in charge of maintaining the BBC archives; the Selector then issued an order Home media which stopped the junking of older material, saving The Daleks from destruction.[28]

1.2.5 Commercial releases

In print

This was the first Doctor Who serial to be adapted as a novel. Written by David Whitaker, the book was first published in hardback on 12 November 1964 by Freder- ick Muller as Doctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks.[29] A paperback release by Armada Books followed in 1965.[30] In 1973 Target Books published it under the cover title Doctor Who and the Daleks, although the full title was still given on the inside frontpage. From 1977 onwards reprints dropped the full title. In 1992 the novelisation was retitled Doctor Who - The Daleks. It was the very first novelisation published under the Target imprint (the books would continue for the next 20 years). From 1983 onwards the Target novelisations bore numbers, with the first 73 releases retroactively numbered in alphabetical order. However, it would not be until 1992 that an actual reprint stated it was “No. 16” in the Target Books Doctor Who Library. UK DVD front cover Whitaker’s book differs from most later novelisations in that it is written in the first person and from the point of view of a companion (Ian Chesterton). It also ignores The serial was released twice on VHS; first in 1989, then the events of the preceding serial An Unearthly Child, ex- again in 2001 with remastered quality and new cover art- cept for a modified retelling of the first episode (to explain work (this remastered edition was only released for the how Ian and Barbara joined the Doctor). Here, Ian meets United Kingdom and Australia). In 2006, it was remas- the Doctor, Barbara (who is Susan’s tutor) and Susan on tered again for inclusion with An Unearthly Child and The Barnes Common after a car crash. The novel also plays Edge of Destruction in the Doctor Who: The Beginning up the romantic tension between the two human compan- DVD boxed set. The music from this serial was released ions and features a glass Dalek leader on Skaro. as part of Doctor Who: Devils’ Planets - The Music of Susan Foreman is renamed Susan English for the nov- Tristram Cary in 2003. 10 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1

1.2.6 Film version [14] Nation, Terry (1989). John McElroy, ed. Doctor Who: The Daleks. UK: Titan Books. ISBN 1-85286-145-2. Main article: Dr. Who and the Daleks [15] Howe, Walker, p26

This serial was adapted by Milton Subotsky as a film, Dr. [16] Molesworth, Richard (2010). Wiped! Doctor Who’s Miss- Who and the Daleks (1965) starring Peter Cushing as Dr ing Episodes. Prestatyn, Denbighshire: Telos Publishing Who, Roberta Tovey as Susan, Roy Castle as Ian Chester- Ltd. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-84583-037-3. ton and Jennie Linden as Barbara. Roberta Tovey is the [17] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ daughter of the character actor George Tovey, who later daleks/detail.shtml appeared in Doctor Who as the poacher in Pyramids of Mars (1975). The film had no relation to the novelisa- [18] Doctor Who: The Beginning (production note subtitles). tion of The Daleks, which was titled Doctor Who and the Christopher Barry. BBC Warner. 2006 [1963]. Daleks upon republication by Target Books in 1973. [19] Tribe, Steve; Goss, James (2011). The Dalek Hand- book. London: BBC Books pages=9, 19–21. ISBN 978- 1.2.7 References 1-84990-232-8. [20] Wood, Tat and Lawrence Miles (2006). About Time Vol- [1] “The Fourth Dimension: The Daleks”. BBC. Retrieved ume 1. Mad Norwegian Press. pp. 34–39. 21 November 2012. [21] Shaun Lyon; et al. (31 March 2007). “The Daleks”. Out- [2] David Whitaker (writer), Tristan DeVere Cole (director), post Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 10 April Peter Bryant (producer) (27 April – 1 June 1968). The 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008. Wheel in Space. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC1. [22] “The Daleks”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved [3] Terry Nation (writer), Ken Grieve (director), Graham 30 August 2008. Williams (producer) (1–22 September 1979). Destiny of the Daleks. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC1. [23] Sullivan, Shannon (24 July 2006). “The Daleks”. A Brief [4] Terry Nation (writer), David Maloney (director), Philip History of Time Travel. Retrieved 30 August 2008. Hinchcliffe (producer) (8 March – 12 April 1975). [24] Bahn, Christopher (31 July 2011). “The Daleks”. The Genesis of the Daleks. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC1. A.V. Club. Retrieved 5 August 2012. [5] Terry Nation (writer), Richard Martin (director), Verity [25] Mulkern, Patrick (2 October 2008). “Doctor Who: The Lambert, Mervyn Pinfield (producers) (21 November – Daleks”. Radio Times. Retrieved 22 November 2012. 26 December 1964). The Dalek Invasion of Earth. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC1. [26] Sinnott, John (1 April 2006). “Doctor Who: The Begin- ning”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 22 November 2012. [6] David Whitaker, Dennis Spooner (uncredited) (writers), Christopher Barry (director), Innes Lloyd (producer) (5 [27] Anders, Charlie Jane (31 August 2010). “Greatest Doctor November – 10 December 1966). The Power of the Who cliffhangers of all time!". io9. Retrieved 5 August Daleks. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC1. 2012. [7] Terry Nation (writer), Michael E. Briant (director), Barry [28] Molesworth, Richard (1998). “BBC Archive Holdings”. Letts (producer) (23 February – 16 March 1974). Death Doctor Who Restoration Team Website. Retrieved 13 June to the Daleks. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC1. 2013. [8] Terry Nation (writer), David Maloney (director), Barry [29] “Daleks HB cover (pink)". On Target. Leeds: Tim Neal. Letts (producer) (7 April – 12 May 1973). Planet of the Retrieved 17 April 2010. Daleks. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC1.

[9] “A Brief History of Time (Travel): The Daleks”. Re- [30] “Daleks Armada cover”. On Target. Leeds: Tim Neal. trieved 21 July 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2010.

[10] Howe, David J.; Mark Stammers; Stephen James Walker [31] Nation, Terry (December 1989). McElroy, John, ed. (1994). The Handbook: The First Doctor - The William Doctor Who - The Scripts: The Daleks. London: Titan Hartnell Years 1963-1966. Virgin Books. p. 61. ISBN Books. p. 4. ISBN 1-85286-145-2. 0-426-20430-1. [11] Howe, Walker, p 27 1.2.8 Bibliography [12] Howe, Walker, p 28 • Terry Nation (writer), Christopher Barry, Richard [13] Bob Baker, Dave Martin (writers), Christopher Barry (di- Martin (directors), Verity Lambert, Mervyn Pin- rector), Barry Letts (producer) (8 April – 13 May 1972). ﬁeld (producers) (21 December 1963 – 1 February The Mutants. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC1. 1964). The Daleks. Doctor Who. BBC. 1.3. THE EDGE OF DESTRUCTION 11

• Howe, David J & Walker, Stephen James (2003). 1.3.1 Plot The Television Companion: The Unoﬃcial and Unauthorised Guide to DOCTOR WHO (2nd ed.). The Doctor, while attempting to correct the TARDIS's Surrey, UK: Telos Publishing. ISBN 1-903889-51- faulty navigation circuits, causes a small explosion. The 0. Doctor, Barbara, Ian and Susan are all temporarily rendered unconscious. After they awake, Ian and Susan appear to have slight cases of amnesia and everyone begins 1.2.9 External links to act strangely. Unexpected events are happening in the TARDIS, the travellers are becoming suspicious of each • The Daleks (TV story) on TARDIS Data Core, an other’s motives, and the Doctor even accuses Ian and Bar- external wiki bara of sabotage. Fearing that they have been taken over by some alien force—or that they have intentionally sab- • The Daleks at BBC Online otaged the TARDIS in order to force the Doctor to return them to 1963—he drugs Barbara and Ian unknowing that • The Daleks at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time Ian is also suspicious and has not taken the drink given to (Travel) him. The Doctor attempts to explore the problem without interference. • The Daleks at the Doctor Who Reference Guide Gradually it becomes clear that the strange events are an attempt by the TARDIS itself to warn the crew that something is wrong. Thanks to Barbara’s clue gathering, the Reviews Doctor traces the problem to a broken spring in the Fast Return Switch. The malfunction is causing the TARDIS • The Daleks reviews at Outpost Gallifrey to head back to the beginning of time; the strange events were just the TARDIS’s attempts to warn its passengers • The Daleks reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings before the ship is destroyed. Fixing the switch brings all Guide back to normal. Although the day is saved, Barbara is still aﬀected by the Doctor’s harsh words earlier. The Doc- Novelisation tor is forced to do what he least enjoys—apologise, and admit that he was wrong about Barbara and Ian. • Doctor Who in an exciting adventure with the Daleks The story closes with the TARDIS materialising on a reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide snowy landscape, where Susan spots a giant footprint in the snow. • On Target — Doctor Who in an exciting adventure with the Daleks Continuity

This serial introduces the ideas that the TARDIS console 1.3 The Edge of Destruction and time rotor directly harness the energies which drive the ship, and that the TARDIS is “alive” and somewhat The Edge of Destruction (also referred to as Inside the self-aware.[1][2] Spaceship) is the third serial in the British science fiction This story explicitly states that the Doctor and Susan had television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in visited other worlds before 1963 Earth. Susan mentions two weekly parts on 8 February and 15 February 1964. It that four or five journeys back they had visited the planet was written by David Whitaker and directed by Richard Quinnis where the TARDIS had almost been lost.[2] Martin for the first episode and Frank Cox for the second. The Doctor’s extensive wardrobe is first mentioned at the In the story, the Doctor (William Hartnell), his grand- end of the story, with Ian showing off an ulster that the daughter Susan (Carole Ann Ford), and her teachers Doctor had received from Gilbert and Sullivan. The mis- Ian Chesterton (William Russell) and Barbara Wright pronunciation of Ian’s last name that began in the previ- (Jacqueline Hill) are in the Doctor’s time and space ma- ous story, The Daleks, is used in this episode to signify chine the TARDIS when it appears to be taken over by an that everything has returned to normal after the climax. outside force. The travellers begin acting strangely and Here the Doctor calls Ian “Charterhouse”. turn against each other. The serial is distinguished as a rare "bottle episode", in that the entire story is shot on a single set, with just 1.3.2 Production the main cast. It also serves to resolve several character threads that had been presented over the previous eleven This story was written by story editor David Whitaker weeks. within two days. It was created as a hasty “filler” story 12 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1 so that the series would fit a thirteen episode run, which 1.3.3 Broadcast and reception was all that had been granted at that stage.[3] Budgetary restrictions meant that only the four regular actors and the The serial was recommended by Charlie Jane Anders of TARDIS sets could be used for the filming.[4] Paddy Rus- io9 as an example of the classic series for new viewers sell was originally assigned to direct this serial, but she to watch, describing it as “a quick hit ... and still just as was unavailable for the recording dates so Mervyn Pin- intense as it was 48 years ago”.[8] Radio Times reviewer field was suggested as her replacement. Richard Martin Patrick Mulkern described writer David Whitaker as “a was in the end chosen, but he was unavailable for the sec- master of dialogue, characterisation and atmosphere”, ond episode so Frank Cox had to take over. The episodes but felt he struggled with plot logic, as evidenced by the were recorded in Lime Grove studio D, 17 and 24 January fast return switch explanation. Despite this, he stated that 1964.[5] the ending had “charm” because the TARDIS travellers [9] The “fast return” switch label on the TARDIS console had begun to become friends. DVD Talk's John Sinnott appears to be written in felt-tip pen. Exactly why this felt The Edge of the Destruction was the weakest serial of was done is uncertain; on the DVD, documentary de- the programme thus far, writing that it had “some good signer Raymond Cusick guesses that it was written during moments” but “overall it doesn't hang together quite as rehearsals as a guide, and producer Verity Lambert sur- well” as the preceding two stories. He commented that it felt “rushed” and the resolution was a “cop-out” that failed mises that it may have been written so that Hartnell could [10] find the switch. Both agree, however, that the label was to explain why the characters were acting so strangely. probably never intended to be seen. Carole Ann Ford David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker considered the states that she and William Hartnell labelled controls on second episode to be far better than the “uncertain” first the TARDIS control panel during rehearsal, and assumed episode and thought that overall “Considering its origins they would be blotted out before production.[1] as a hasty 'filler' written to bring the initial episode count up to thirteen, Inside the Spaceship works remarkably well.”[3]

Alternative titles 1.3.4 Themes and analysis The two episodes of the serial had individual titles. They were, respectively, “The Edge of Destruction” and “The Tat Wood and Lawrence Miles point out the theatrical in- Brink of Disaster.” As was the case with other early Doc- fluence on this story, drawing particular attention to Luigi tor Who serials, there are differences of opinion as to the Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author, and appropriate umbrella title for this serial. that the point of the story is to lead the audience to think Various titles used over the years include: that it’s a story about an alien presence infiltrating the TARDIS in order to pull off the twist that the ship is actually conscious. Nevertheless, they suggest that the story’s • Inside the Spaceship — the only title known to have real point - to cheaply fill two episodes at a time when it been used on 1960s production documents, also wasn't clear the show would be renewed - is rather more used by writer David Whitaker in all correspondence evident.[11] throughout his life.

• Beyond the Sun — used on the ﬁrst edition of 1.3.5 Commercial Releases the 1974 BBC Enterprises sales catalogue A Quick Guide to Dr. Who, although the second edition de- In print clines to give any title for the story. It was actually a working title for The Daleks and has also at times A novelisation of this serial, written by Nigel Robinson, been attributed to an unmade story by Malcolm was published by Target Books on 20 October 1988 under Hulke called The Hidden Planet. the title The Edge of Destruction. The cover was made by Alister Pearson.[12] In January 2011, an audiobook of the novelisation was released, read by William Russell.[13] • The Brink of Disaster — the title of the second episode, adopted for a fan list in the seeming absence of anything else. Home media

• The Edge of Destruction — the title of the ﬁrst The serial was released on VHS in 2000 as “The Edge episode, adopted for the 1976 second edition of The of Destruction and Dr. Who: The Pilot Episode”. The Making of Doctor Who in the absence of any other US/Canada release in 2001 also included “The Missing known title, and subsequently used on the novelisa- Years” (see Lost in Time) documentary from 1998 (which tion, VHS and DVD releases of the stories. was released with The Ice Warriors VHS boxset in the 1.4. MARCO POLO 13

United Kingdom). In 2006, it was included on The Be- Reviews ginning DVD box set, along with the previous two serials. • The Edge of Destruction reviews at Outpost Gallifrey

1.3.6 References • The Edge of Destruction reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide [1] Levine, Ian (Producer). Over the Edge: the making of “The Edge of Destruction” (DVD documentary). Target novelisation [2] “The Fourth Dimension: The Edge of Destruction”. BBC. Retrieved 22 November 2012. • On Target — The Edge of Destruction [3] “BBC - Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide - The Edge of Destruction - Details”. bbc.co.uk.

[4] Doctor Who: The Edge of Destruction DVD leaﬂet 1.4 Marco Polo

[5] Doctor Who: The Edge of Destruction DVD Production Marco Polo is the completely missing fourth serial in Subtitles the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in seven weekly parts from 22 [6] “Inside the Spaceship”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. February to 4 April 1964. The story is set in China, in the Retrieved 2008-08-30. year 1289, with the regular series characters interacting [7] Sullivan, Shannon (2006-02-25). “Inside The Spaceship”. with Venetian merchant-explorer Marco Polo and Mon- A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. golian Emperor Kublai Khan. The historical period and context avoids science fiction elements beyond establish- [8] Anders, Charlie Jane (30 August 2012). “Old-School ing the way by which the Doctor and his companions have Doctor Who Episodes That Everyone Should Watch”. travelled to the past. Although audio recordings and still io9. Retrieved 23 November 2012. photographs of the story exist, no footage of this serial is known to have survived. [9] Mulkern, Patrick (3 October 2008). “Doctor Who: The Edge of Destruction”. Radio Times. Retrieved 23 November 2012. 1.4.1 Plot [10] Sinnott, John (1 April 2006). “Doctor Who: The Begin- ning”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 23 November 2012. The TARDIS crew lands in the Himalayas of Cathay in 1289, their ship badly damaged, and are picked up by [11] Wood, Tat and Lawrence Miles (2006). About Time Vol- Marco Polo’s caravan on its way along the fabled Silk ume 1. Mad Norwegian Press. pp. 44–48. Road to see the Emperor Kublai Khan. The story concerns the Doctor and his companions’ attempts to thwart [12] Neal, Tim. “The Edge of Destruction at On Target”. Re- trieved 2006-09-04. the machinations of Tegana, who attempts to sabotage the caravan along its travels through the Pamir Plateau [13] “Doctor Who: The Edge of Destruction (classic novel)". and across the treacherous Gobi Desert, and ultimately Big Finish Productions. Retrieved 23 November 2012. to assassinate Kublai Khan in Peking, at the height of his imperial power. The Doctor and his companions also attempt to regain the TARDIS, which Marco Polo has taken 1.3.7 External links to give to Kublai Khan in effort to regain the Emperor’s good graces. Susan gets the key from Ping-Cho but is • The Edge of Destruction at BBC Online captured by Tegana before they can depart. They are finally able to thwart Tegana, who kills himself, and, in • Inside The Spaceship at Doctor Who: A Brief His- doing so, regain the Emperor’s respect for Marco Polo, tory of Time (Travel) who allows them to depart.

• Inside the Spaceship at the Doctor Who Reference Guide 1.4.2 Historical episodes

• The Edge of Destruction on TARDIS Data Core, Historical episodes such as Marco Polo, that feature no an external wiki science fiction elements beyond the basic premise of the show, were relatively common for the first few seasons • The Edge of Destruction on BBCWorldwideTV of Doctor Who. Marco Polo features many educational YouTube channel elements, both historical and scientific, as was originally 14 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1

part of the show’s remit. The next historical adventure ar- 1.4.4 Themes and analysis rived later in the ﬁrst season with The Aztecs, and such stories continued to be regularly featured until 1967, when Tat Wood and Lawrence Miles point out that at the time the purely historical format would be discontinued after this was made Penguin Books had only recently released The Highlanders. The format enjoyed a brief revival in a new translation of The Travels of Marco Polo, and 1982 with Black Orchid, and in novel form with 1995’s note that Lucarotti, who had various times lived in Eng- Sanctuary, and is a semi-regular part of the Big Finish land, Canada, Mexico, the US, and Spain, might have audio series of Doctor Who, but has not been repeated in been writing from personal experience when dealing with any televised form since 1982. Polo’s wanderlust and Susan’s complex relationship with the idea of home. They also note the story’s similarities to ITC historical serials like Sir Francis Drake, and talk 1.4.3 Production about the impressive scope of the story and how unlike later Doctor Who it is that it unfolds over three months and in a large geographic area.[5] The commentary that accompanies the Loose Can- non recreation mentioned below also shows the wages of the people who worked on the original show (fee 1.4.5 Commercial Releases per episode): William Hartnell £210, William Russell £147, Jacqueline Hill £99.15s, Carole Ann Ford £63, In print Mark Eden £68.5s, Derren Nesbitt £84, Zienia Merton £36.15s, Martin Miller £84, Claire Davenport £42, Tutte A novelisation of this serial, written by John Lucarotti, Lemkow £63, Peter Lawrence £42, Paul Carson £36.15s. was published by Target Books in December 1984. The Tele-Snaps of episodes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 were published in the Doctor Who Magazine Special Edition: The Miss- Cast notes ing Episodes- The First Doctor in March 2013.

Veteran Bollywood actress Zohra Sehgal appeared in several episodes in an uncredited role as an attendant. She Home media later appeared in episode two “The Knight Of Jaffa” of The Crusade. Zienia Merton appeared in The Wedding In 2003, a three-CD set of the audio soundtrack was re- of Sarah Jane Smith, an episode of the Doctor Who spin- leased, as part of Doctor Who's 40th anniversary. This off The Sarah Jane Adventures, 45 years after her ap- CD set is unique in containing a map of Cathay (China) pearance in this serial. Jimmy Gardner later played Id- as represented during the period of the Doctor’s visit to mon in Underworld. Philip Voss later played Wahed in China, and also explaining historical inaccuracies. Fur- The Dominators. Tutte Lemkow later played Ibrahim in ther, the first disc in the set contains data as well as au- The Crusade and Cyclops in The Myth Makers. Derren dio; the data includes MP3 files of the soundtracks with- Nesbitt has appeared in two Doctor Who audio plays: as out additional narration (which is provided on the CDs by Thomas Dodd in Spare Parts and as Quences in Auld Mor- William Russell, filling in details when action was mostly tality. Mark Eden later appeared in Mark Gatiss's 50th visual), PDF files of the narration scripts, and computer anniversary Docudrama An Adventure in Space and Time wallpaper versions of the aforementioned map of Cathay. as Donald Baverstock. The audio is also available to download from AudioGo.[6] The 2006 DVD box set, The Beginning, includes a condensed 30-minute form of this story as an extra on The Missing episodes Edge of Destruction disc. This version of the story, com- piled by Derek Handley, consists of telesnaps set to an This is one of only three stories (along with Mission edited audio track. The original three-CD set was re- to the Unknown and The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s released in 2010 in The Lost TV Episodes - Collection One Eve) of which not a frame of broadcast footage is known 1964-1965 with a bonus disc of interviews. The set was to have survived (see Doctor Who missing episodes). also remastered. "Telesnaps" (images of the show during transmission, photographed from a television) of Episodes 1-3 and 5-7 are held by the serial’s director, Waris Hussein. The au- 1.4.6 References dio soundtrack is also intact, having been recorded “off air” during the original transmissions.[4] [1] Shaun Lyon; et al. (31 March 2007). “Marco Polo”. Out- post Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. The last known TV broadcast of this story was in Retrieved 30 August 2008. Ethiopia, which screened Marco Polo over a period of seven weeks, between 21 January and 4 March 1971. The [2] “Marco Polo”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved fate of the prints is unknown. 30 August 2008. 1.5. THE KEYS OF MARINUS 15

[3] Sullivan, Shannon (26 July 2006). “Marco Polo”. A Brief When The Doctor and his companions Barbara Wright, History of Time Travel. Retrieved 30 August 2008. Ian Chesterton and Susan arrive on the island, they are brought into the tower to an audience with Arbitan, who [4] http://www.denofgeek.com/tv/doctor-who/29229/ explains that the society of Marinus is in danger. Sev- doctor-who-the-10-stories-you-cant-actually-watch eral submersibles containing Voord, humanoid creatures [5] Wood, Tat; Miles, Lawrence (2006). About Time Volume protected by amphibian-like black rubber wet suits, have 1. Mad Norwegian Press. pp. 54–55. washed up on the beach. Inspired by Yartek, the Voord are seeking to enter the tower and take control of the Con- [6] “Doctor Who: Marco Polo (TV Soundtrack)". AudioGo. science. Retrieved 13 October 2013. Arbitan explains that the Conscience has now been up- graded sufficiently to control the Voord again, but needs 1.4.7 External links to be activated. Years earlier Arbitan had prevented the Conscience from falling into Voord control by separating • Marco Polo at BBC Online the five Keys needed to regulate it. The five keys are in different locations - one is in Arbitan’s possession, but • Marco Polo at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time the other four are scattered over Marinus. The keys can (Travel) only be found by following directions pre-set into travel dials, watch-like devices with the power to transport the • Marco Polo at the Doctor Who Reference Guide wearer across the planet to the correct locations. Arbitan asks that the Doctor and his friends help him fend off the • Marco Polo (TV story) on TARDIS Data Core, an Voord by gathering the keys together. Others have tried external wiki to accomplish this task - even Arbitan’s own daughter - but none have returned to the tower. Fan reviews The Doctor refuses Arbitan’s request, but is unable to access the TARDIS due to a force field Arbitan places • Marco Polo reviews at Outpost Gallifrey around the ship. And so the Doctor and his companions are coerced into aiding Arbitan. As the four teleport away • Marco Polo reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings from the tower using the travel dials, Arbitan is attacked Guide and stabbed to death by a Voord that has secretly gained access to the tower. Target novelisation The first location visited by the travellers is the City of Morphoton. The seemingly advanced and pacifist inhab- • On Target — Marco Polo itants impress the travellers with the luxuries, advances and aesthetics of the city. But all is not as it seems. Barbara is the first to realize the truth when a hypnotic 1.5 The Keys of Marinus disc intended to make her mind receptive to the hypnotic pulses slips off her forehead, causing her to realise that Morphoton is actually a place of dirt and squalor rather The Keys of Marinus is the fifth serial in the British than beauty and luxury. Unknown to the Doctor and science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was crew, Morphoton is governed by four brain creatures with first broadcast in 6 weekly parts from 11 April to 16 May hideous eyes on stalks who, having outgrown their bodies, 1964. The serial takes on an unusual “quest” format, live in large bell jars and communicate through their life- where each episode is its own mini-adventure in pursuit support machines. The Brains of Morphoton use hypno- of a larger goal. sis to control the human population, and the entire City is subjugated to their will. 1.5.1 Plot Once the Brains realize Barbara has seen the truth and is thus impervious to their hypnotic control, they order that On a small island with a glass beach, surrounded by an she be killed. Barbara escapes and hides in the city, there acid sea, on the planet Marinus stands a tower with many making contact with the slave girl Sabetha, who has been secret entrances. Within the tower is Arbitan, Keeper of blamed for Barbara’s awakening and sentenced to death. the Conscience of Marinus, a vast computer developed Barbara deduces Sabetha is Arbitan’s missing daughter, two millennia earlier as a vast justice machine which kept and sees Sabetha wears one of the Keys about her neck. law and order across the entire planet. For seven hundred Barbara helps break Sabetha’s conditioning, and together years, the Conscience was absolute, radiating its power they escape and destroy the jars and equipment protecting across the planet Marinus, and eliminating all thought of the Brains. With their life-support ruined, the Brains die, evil. But then Yartek, leader of the alien Voord, worked and all the human subjects of the city are freed. Another out how to resist its impulses. 16 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1 slave called Altos remembers he too was sent to Morpho- Key has now disappeared and Ian is accused of theft and ton by Arbitan, and he and Sabetha decide to join the Eprin’s murder. The punishment will be death if he found Doctor and his friends on their quest. The six now split guilty before the court of Millennius. The other travellers up, with the Doctor going ahead to find the final key in are reunited in advance of Ian’s trial, at which the Doctor the City of Millennius, while the others attempt to find takes on the role of defence counsel. He succeeds in post- the second key in the next destination. poning the trial for two days while he gathers evidence The next location for the five searchers is a dangerous and uses this time to work out what really happened to screaming jungle, which has a particularly debilitating ef- Eprin. He works out that the relief guard, Aydan, is im- plicated in the murder, but Aydan too is murdered dur- fect on the telepathic Susan. In the jungle is an ancient temple overgrown with plants. Much of the flora is hos- ing the course of the trial before he can reveal the truth of the plot. Things take a turn for the worse when Susan tile and the travellers are relieved to find the next Key so easily, propped on the top of a statue in the temple. is kidnapped and used as a hostage to try and persuade the Doctor not to investigate the crimes any further. The However, this “Key” is a decoy and, when touched, activates ancient machinery that causes the statue to move. kidnapper is Kala, Aydan’s widow, who is in league with Eyesen, the Court Prosecutor, who has succeeded in per- Indeed, the whole location - jungle and temple - is a place of danger and traps. When Barbara is caught in the statue suading the Three Judges of Millennium to find Ian guilty mechanism and disappears into the temple, Sabetha ar- of Eprin’s murder. Luckily, the others find Susan bound gues she may have possibly used her travel dial to move and gagged in Kala’s house before Kala can kill her, like on to the next location. Sabetha compares the “Key” Bar- she did to her own husband, and the plot is uncovered. bara found with her original and realizes the easily found Tarron, the Chief Investigator of the City, is now also Key is actually a fake. While Ian remains at the temple persuaded of Kala’s guilt but they must still uncover her to search for the real Key, Altos, Sabetha and Susan go accomplice to prove Ian did not kill Eprin. The Doctor to the next location to search for Barbara. helps unmask Eyesen and uncover the last Key, which had been hidden in the murder weapon, and Ian is freed. Ian activates the statue mechanism and is also taken into the temple, where he finds Barbara again. Hiding in the The travellers now return to Arbitan’s island using their temple is an aged and dying scientist, Darrius, whom Ian travel dials. Altos and Sabetha have travelled ahead with saves from an attack by a creeping vine. Very weak, the all but the last Key in their possession. They do not know old man explains the traps of the temple are to fool the the old Keeper is dead and that Yartek is now in charge, Voord, and that he too is a friend of Arbitan. Before dy- clothed in Arbitan’s robes to maintain the ruse. Yartek has seized the first four Keys and holds Altos and Sabetha ing, Darrius tells Ian and Barbara the Key is hidden in “D-E-3-O-2.” The plants, mutated by a growth accelera- prisoner while he awaits the fifth and final one. When the Doctor and his three friends arrive they soon realize that tor built by Darrius, become more and more aggressive. The two friends only just manage to retrieve the Key from the Voord have taken control of the tower and the Con- science. The Doctor frees Sabetha and Altos and then un- an experiment jar before the vegetation overruns the temple. masks the Voord. Ian too has played his part, and given Yartek the false key from the Screaming Jungle. When Ian and Barbara now teleport to an icy wasteland where Yartek places the false Key in the Conscience, the ma- they meet the duplicitous trapper Vasor, who steals their chine explodes and he is killed along with the occupying Keys and sends Ian back into the wastelands where he Voord. The Doctor and his friends flee the tower with hopes Ian will be eaten by packs of wolves. In the wastes Altos and Sabetha before the growing blaze overtakes the Ian finds Altos, bound and abandoned, and works out Va- ancient structure. sor is to blame. Ian and Altos return to the trapper’s hut and confront him, forcing the wicked man to reveal the stolen Keys in his possession and to take them to the ice 1.5.2 Production caves where he had earlier abandoned Sabetha and Su- san. The two girls have meanwhile searched the icy caves This story was written to replace a different script, The themselves and uncovered mechanized Ice Soldiers. The Hidden Planet, which was deemed problematic. Because travellers are soon reunited and find the next Key frozen the replacement script had to be written quickly, it was in a block of ice. Their act in removing it revives the Ice decided to base it around a series of largely self-contained Soldiers, who begin a vicious rampage. They flee back to episodes, each with a different setting and cast, to make the trappers’ cottage and retrieve their stolen dials, getting it easier to write in a short time. ready to escape. Vasor takes Susan hostage and demands Model filming for The Keys of Marinus commenced in that they stay. An Ice Soldier stabs him down from be- March 1964 at Ealing Studios, with the rest of the stu- hind and they escape. dio recording done in March and April at Lime Grove When the travellers reach the next location Ian finds him- Studios.[1] The tank-top Susan wears was knitted by Car- self accused of the murder of Eprin, a friend of Altos, ole Ann Ford’s mother.[2] Ford has expressed displeasure who had discovered the key shortly before his death. The with the portrayal of Susan in the serial, calling her character “pathetic”.[2] 1.5. THE KEYS OF MARINUS 17

Cast notes no more episodic than the previous story. They focus on the Cold War implications of the story, and how it com- The Doctor himself does not appear in episodes three and ments on “an age when people think of social engineer- four of this story, due to William Hartnell having been on ing in grandiose terms,” while suggesting that the whole holiday.[3] Stephen Dartnell was cast as Yartek, leader of is rather less than the sum of its parts. the alien Voord. A few weeks later, he appeared in The Sensorites as the troubled astronaut John. Fiona Walker, who played Kala, later appeared as Lady Peinforte in 1.5.5 Commercial Releases Silver Nemesis. Francis de Wolff later played Agamem- non in The Myth Makers. Donald Pickering later played In print Captain Blade in The Faceless Ones and Beyus in Time and the Rani. Edmund Warwick later played a robot du- A novelisation of this serial, written by Philip Hinchcliffe, plicate of the Doctor in The Chase.[4] was published by Target Books in 1980. This is the only one of Hinchcliffe’s three novelisations that did not come from his own period working on the programme. 1.5.3 Broadcast and reception The artwork on the novelisation had originally been prepared for an aborted adaptation of The Edge of De- Following the debut of BBC2, “The Screaming Jungle” struction. Incoming Doctor Who producer John Nathan- was the first Doctor Who episode to be shown on BBC1 Turner was unhappy with the grey colour of the TARDIS (the previous episodes had been screened on BBC-TV, and the red colour of the light on top. Although he re- [1] the single channel available). quested that the artwork be amended appropriately, his In retrospective reviews, The Keys of Marinus received suggestions were not acted upon. generally unfavorable reception. Radio Times reviewer Patrick Mulkern wrote that “standards slip appreciably” Home media after the four preceding serials in terms of “ambitious but slapdash” script quality and the below-par sets and supporting characters.[1] DVD Talk's J. Doyle Wallis gave the serial a rating of two and a half stars out of five, feeling that the weakness was attributed to the Doctor’s absence (deeming the two episodes Hartnell was absent for as the weakest of the serial), the lack of a main antagonist that would thread the episodes together, the “lacking and disparate” world of Marinus and the “ramshackle” execution of the concept.[8] Arnold T. Blumburg of IGN gave The Keys of Marinus a score of 4 out of 10, describing it as “a clichéd premise ... handled poorly and with no spark at all apart from Hartnell’s late-hour rally”. He cited the poor production quality and the “hodge-podge” leaps to various locations on Marinus which were “boring if not inept”.[9] However, the story and its structure was met with some positive reception. Graham Kibble-White in Doctor Who Magazine derided Susan’s character for “devolving into a bit of a shrill” but was generally positive towards the episodic story structure and the timing of Hartnell’s holiday. Despite this, he wrote that the scripts of the final two episodes “never truly engages with the tenets of court- room drama”.[10] A Den of Geek felt that the different locations structure “works incredibly well” by keeping the momentum and making each episode “fresh”.[11]

1.5.4 Themes and analysis UK DVD front cover The story was released in episodic form on VHS in March Tat Wood and Lawrence Miles argue that the story dis- [12] plays a melange of inﬂuence from adventure stories: 1999. Flash Gordon, Dan Dare, The Lord of the Rings, and The It was also released on DVD on 21 September 2009. Odyssey in particular, but point out that its structure is Although the story was previously thought of as com- 18 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1 plete, it was discovered during remastering for the DVD Reviews release that episodes two and four were slightly edited from the originally broadcast versions; these cuts were • The Keys of Marinus reviews at Outpost Gallifrey reinstated using oﬀ-air audio recordings and other visual • material.[13] The Keys of Marinus reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide

1.5.6 References Target novelisation [1] Mulkern, Patrick (5 October 2008). “Doctor Who: The Keys of Marinus”. Radio Times. Retrieved 23 November • On Target — Doctor Who and the Keys of Marinus 2012. [2] Cusick, Raymond, Carole Ann Ford, John Gorrie, William Russell (21 September 2009). Audio Commen- 1.6 The Aztecs tary for The Keys of Marinus (DVD). The Keys of Marinus DVD: BBC Worldwide. The Aztecs is the sixth serial in the British science fiction [3] “The Fourth Dimension: The Keys of Marinus”. BBC. television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in Retrieved 23 November 2012. four weekly parts from 23 May to 13 June 1964. It was written by John Lucarotti and directed by John Crockett. [4] “The Chase”. BBC. Retrieved 4 February 2012. The serial sees the mysterious time traveller the Doctor [5] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Keys of Marinus”. (William Hartnell), his granddaughter Susan (Carole Ann Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008- Ford), and teachers Ian Chesterton (William Russell) and 08-03. Retrieved 2008-08-30. Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill) arrive in Mexico dur- [6] “The Keys of Marinus”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. ing the Aztec empire. Barbara becomes mistaken for the Retrieved 2008-08-30. goddess Yetaxa, and accepts the identity in hope of persuading the Aztecs to give up human sacrifice. The Doc- [7] Sullivan, Shannon (2005-03-31). “The Keys of Marinus”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. tor warns her about changing history. [8] Wallis, J Doyle (25 February 2010). “Doctor Who: The Keys of Marinus”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 23 November 1.6.1 Plot 2012. [9] Blumberg, Arnold T. (19 January 2010). “Doctor Who - The TARDIS crew arrive in Mexico in the 15th Cen- The Keys of Marinus DVD Review”. IGN. Retrieved 23 tury. With the TARDIS trapped in a tomb, Barbara is November 2012. mistaken for a female reincarnation of the ancient high priest Yetaxa, and assumes her guise and identity. From [10] Kibble-White, Graham (11 November 2009). “DVD re- her new position of power, Barbara sees her chance to view: The Keys of Marinus”. Doctor Who Magazine bring an end to human sacrifice. She sees the good side (Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent: Panini Comics) (414). of Aztec culture manifested in Autloc, the High Priest of [11] “Doctor Who: The Keys of Marinus DVD Review”. Den Knowledge, and the gruesome side embodied in 'the local of Geek. 31 August 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2012. butcher', the High Priest of Sacrifice, Tlotoxl. As something of an expert on this period, she sees how advanced [12] Roberts, Steve (18 January 1999). “The Keys of Mari- nus”. Doctor Who Restoration Team. Retrieved 2 De- their culture really is and believes that if sacrifice were cember 2012. abolished, they would be spared destruction at the hands of the Spanish. The Doctor’s urgent warnings that Bar- [13] “The Keys of Marinus - DVD”. Doctor Who Restoration bara cannot change history fall on deaf ears, much to his Team. 2009-07-10. Retrieved 2010-07-15. fury. The bloodthirsty Tlotoxl begins to suspect Barbara is not 1.5.7 External links Yetaxa returned, especially because she is trying to ban human sacrifice. He sets a series of elaborate traps for • The Keys of Marinus at BBC Online her and her companions. For example, Ian has been com- • The Keys of Marinus at Doctor Who: A Brief His- pelled into the military and fights the strongest warrior, tory of Time (Travel) Ixta, to prove his ability to command the Aztec forces. Thus Ixta develops a grudge against Ian and is used by • The Keys of Marinus at the Doctor Who Reference Tlotoxl to try to prove that Barbara is not Yetaxa. The Guide Doctor unwittingly tells Ixta how to defeat Ian in combat using a drugging agent, and this battle nearly ends in • The Keys of Marinus on TARDIS Data Core, an the Doctor witnessing his friend’s death. When this fails external wiki to be conclusive, Tlotoxl convinces the subordinate priest 1.6. THE AZTECS 19

Tonila to make a poison for Barbara; the death of Barbara Cast notes following consumption of the poison would prove she is not immortal and therefore not a god. But Ian silently John Ringham later played Josiah Blake in The Smugglers warns her from his hiding place, and Barbara refuses to and Ashe in Colony in Space. Margot Van der Burgh later drink the poison. She tells Tlotoxl that she is not Yetaxa portrayed Katura in The Keeper of Traken. but warns him not to tell the people. He now knows the truth - but must find a way to unmask the false goddess. Susan and the Doctor have meanwhile both become in- 1.6.3 Broadcast and reception volved in marriage-making scenarios. Susan has trans- gressed Aztec law by refusing to marry the Perfect Vic- In 2008, Radio Times reviewer Mark Braxton called The tim, who has been scheduled for sacrifice by Tlotoxl on Aztecs one of the best Doctor Who adventures, highlight- the day of the next eclipse; while the Doctor, who knows ing Barbara’s dilemma about changing history, the art di- little of Aztec customs, has become accidentally engaged rection, and the “sense of impending tragedy”. Despite to an Aztec woman named Cameca after they shared a this, he did note minor issues like the backdrops and un- cup of cocoa. Cameca is a kind lady and helps the Doc- convincing fight scenes.[2] Christopher Bahn of The A.V. tor and Ian find a way to re-enter the tomb by a secret en- Club described The Aztecs as “a classical tragedy infused trance, despite realising that this will enable her beloved with just enough hope toward the end to keep it from to leave her. Ian braves a treacherous tunnel in which he being unbearably bleak” and discussed the inability of is almost drowned to re-enter the tomb by a secret door changing history and the Doctor’s only romantic entan- and soon tells his friends that they can flee. glement in the classic series, which he called “sweet and Despite her efforts Barbara realises that she cannot funny”.[8] Ian Berriman, writing for SFX, gave the serial change an entire culture, although she does succeed in three and a half out of five stars, describing it as “Jacque- changing the views of one man; the High-Priest of Knowl- line Hill’s finest hour” but “the show is stolen by John edge, Autloc. But this comes at a high price to Autloc, Ringham as Tlotoxl”. Though mostly positive, Berriman who exiles himself. He helps her to reunite with her felt that some of the education content was forced and “it’s friends before departing to meditate in the desert on what a shame that much of the dialogue is so fustily formal”.[9] remains of his faith. In a pitched battle to gain access to In 2013 Digital Spy featured the story in an article on the the tomb door, Ian kills Ixta in a fight to the death to pro- 10 best Doctor Who stories of all time, praising the script, tect the TARDIS crew. performances and emotional impact of the serial. Mor- The Doctor and his companions leave knowing that de- gan Jeffrey summed it up as 'quite simply 100 minutes of spite their intervention, history will take its pre-destined sensational drama - it’s William Hartnell’s finest hour on [10] course. As they depart Tlotoxl is very much in control Doctor Who and one of the show’s very best offerings.' and sacrifices the Perfect Victim to end the naturally occurring eclipse. The Doctor comforts Barbara by telling her she did help Autloc find a better belief system; and 1.6.4 Themes and analysis then before they depart he re-pockets a brooch given to him as a parting gift by Cameca. Lawrence Miles and Tat Wood reject the oft-suggested theory that this was inspired by the National Theatre Company’s The Royal Hunt of the Sun, suggesting instead 1.6.2 Production that it is a fusion of Lucarotti’s familiarity with Mexico and its history and David Whitaker’s interest in the meet- Carole Ann Ford took a two-week holiday in the middle ings of two cultures.[11] of filming for this story; as a result, she appeared only in pre-filmed inserts in Episodes 2 and 3.[1] The Aztecs was filmed in April 1964 at Ealing Studios, with studio recording in May at Lime Grove Studios for episodes one 1.6.5 Commercial Releases and four and at the BBC Television Centre for episodes two and three.[2] In print

The incidental music for this story was by classical com- A novelisation of this serial, written by John Lucarotti, poser Sir Richard Rodney Bennett. was published by Target Books in June 1984. The novel- Colourised footage of the Doctor taken from The Aztecs isation dates the story to the year 1507. Whereas in the is combined with new footage of actors and body doubles televised story Ixta is the son of the architect, in the book to create an original scene in the 2013 episode The Name he is the grandson, and Lucarotti updates Ian and Bar- of the Doctor.[3] The new scene is set prior to the series bara as travellers from the 1980s. An unabridged reading première, An Unearthly Child, not during the events of of the Target Novelisation was released in 2012, read by The Aztecs.[4] William Russell.[12] 20 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1

Home media [8] Bahn, Christopher (25 September 2011). “The Aztecs”. The A.V. Club. Retrieved 23 November 2012. The serial was released on VHS in 1992.[13] On 21 Octo- ber 2002, it was released on Region 2 DVD. This release [9] Berriman, Ian (8 March 2013). “Doctor Who: The Aztecs was the ﬁrst Doctor Who DVD to use the VidFIRE pro- — Special Edition Review”. SFX. Retrieved 10 March cess throughout the whole production. 2013.

The Aztecs was re-released on 11 March 2013 as a special [10] http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/s7/doctor-who/news/ edition. According to the sleeve notes this version has a514929/doctor-who-top-10-best-stories-10-the-aztecs. “greatly improved restoration"; in the intervening years html processes such as VidFIRE had been refined consider- ably. New extras include a reconstruction of the lost story [11] Miles, Lawrence and Tat Wood (2006). About Time Vol- Galaxy 4, comprising the recently rediscovered episode ume 1. Mad Norwegian Press. pp. 70–71. “Air Lock”, plus remastered off-air soundtrack recordings of the other episodes, accompanied by stills, anima- [12] “Doctor Who: The Aztecs (Classic Novel)". AudioGo. tion and snatches of surviving footage.[9] Retrieved 13 October 2013. “The Aztecs” is currently available to stream via online video services such as Netflix and Amazon Prime. It is [13] Lofficier, Jean-Marc and Randy (1 May 2003). “First Doctor”. The Doctor Who Programme Guide. iUniverse. also on iTunes. p. 25. ISBN 0595276180. In 2013 it was released on DVD again as part of the “Doc- tor Who: The Doctors Revisited 1-4” box set, alongside Tomb of the Cybermen, Spearhead from Space and 1.6.8 External links Pyramids of Mars. Alongside a documentary on the First Doctor, the disc features the serial put together as a single • The Aztecs at BBC Online feature in widescreen format with an introduction from current show runner Stephen Moffat, as well as its origi- • nal version. The Aztecs at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time (Travel)

1.6.6 See also • The Aztecs at the Doctor Who Reference Guide

The Feathered Serpent, a late 1970s ITV children’s drama • series set in Aztec Mexico and starring Second Doctor Patrick Troughton as a scheming high priest. • The Aztecs on TARDIS Data Core, an external wiki

1.6.7 References Fan reviews

[1] Howe, David J.; Walker, Stephen James (1998). “The Aztecs: Things to watch out for...”. Doctor Who: The • The Aztecs reviews at Outpost Gallifrey Television Companion. London: BBC Worldwide. p. 25. ISBN 0-563-40588-0. • The Aztecs reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide [2] Braxton, Mark (6 October 2008). “Doctor Who: The Aztecs”. Radio Times. Retrieved 23 November 2012.

[3] “The Name of the Doctor Past References”. Doctor Who Target novelisation News. The Doctor Who Site (BBC). 19 May 2013.

[4] The scene in "The Name of the Doctor" is set on Gallifrey • On Target — The Aztecs and depicts the First Doctor and Susan stealing the TARDIS from a repair facility, in order to begin their adventures. 1.7 The Sensorites [5] Shaun Lyon; et al. (31 March 2007). “The Aztecs”. Out- post Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 3 August 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008. The Sensorites is the seventh serial in the British science ﬁction television series Doctor Who, which was ﬁrst [6] “The Aztecs”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved broadcast in six weekly parts from 20 June to 1 August 30 August 2008. 1964. The story is notable for its demonstration of Su- [7] Sullivan, Shannon (3 April 2005). “The Aztecs”. A Brief san’s telepathy and references to the Doctor’s and her History of Time Travel. Retrieved 30 August 2008. home planet. 1.7. THE SENSORITES 21

1.7.1 Plot Meanwhile, investigating the aqueduct, the Doctor finds strange noises and darkness. He finds and removes deadly nightshade (the cause of the poisoning), but on going The TARDIS travellers land on a moving spaceship and back, meets an unseen monster. Susan and Ian find him find the crew apparently dead. However, one of the crew unconscious with a ripped coat, but otherwise unharmed. members, Captain Maitland, regains consciousness and On being recovered, he tells of his suspicion that some Ian Chesterton fully revives him and another woman, Sensorites are plotting to kill them. The plotting Sen- Carol Richmond. These two tell the travellers that they sorites kill the Second Elder and one of them replaces are on an exploration mission from Earth and are orbiting him in his position. Sense-Sphere. However, its inhabitants, the Sensorites, John tells the others that he knows the lead plotter, but refuse to let them leave the orbit. The Sensorites visit he is now too powerful, so the Doctor and Ian go down and stop the travellers from leaving, while sending them to the aqueduct to find the poisoners. Their weapons and on a collision course, which the Doctor diverts. The trav- map were tampered with and are useless. ellers then meet John (whose mind has been broken by the Sensorites) and find out that he is Carol’s fiancé. Elsewhere, a mysterious assailant abducts Carol and forces her to write saying she has left for the ship. Neither Returning to plague the crew, the Sensorites freeze Carol Susan, John or Barbara believe this so they go to inves- and Maitland once more. The Doctor breaks Maitland’s tigate and find her imprisoned. Susan, John and Barbara mental conditioning, but cannot help John. Susan's tele- overpower the guard and release Carol. On finding out pathic mind is flooded with the many voices of the Sen- about the tampered tools, they go into the aqueduct to sorites who remain scared of the humans and are try- rescue the Doctor and Ian. The leader discovers the plot- ing to communicate with her. Meanwhile, The Doctor ters a little while later. works out that the Sensorites attacked the human craft because John, a mineralogist, had discovered a vast sup- Ian and the Doctor discover that the monsters were actu- ply of molybdenum on Sense-Sphere. Susan reports that ally the survivors of the previous Earth mission, and they the Sensorites want to make contact with travellers, ask- had been poisoning the Sensorites. Their deranged Com- ing the crew to go aboard Sense-sphere and reveal that a mander leads them to the surface, where they are arrested previous Earth expedition caused them great misery. The by the Sensorites. The Doctor and his party return to the Doctor refuses but Susan, under duress, agrees and begins city, pleading clemency for the poisoners. The leader of to leave the ship. the Sensorites agrees and sends them back with Maitland, John and Carol to Earth, for treatment for madness. The Doctor deduces that the Sensorites need plenty of light, so Ian reduces the lighting on the ship, rendering the Sensorites helpless and rescuing Susan. The Doctor then asks the Sensorites to return his lock and is invited to go to Continuity Sense-Sphere to speak with the leader. Susan, Ian, Carol and John join him while Barbara and Maitland stay be- In the opening scene of episode 1, the characters relate hind. John is promised that his condition will be reversed. back the adventures they've had since joining the Doctor. On their journey to Sense-Sphere, the party learn that the “It all started out as a mild curiosity in a junk yard”[1] and previous visitors from Earth exploited Sense-Sphere for “taken us back to prehistoric times (An Unearthly Child), its wealth, then argued. Half of them stole the spacecraft, The Daleks, Marco Polo, Marinus (The Keys of Marinus), which exploded on take-off. and The Aztecs". Susan’s description of her home planet as having a burnt orange sky and silver leaved trees in The Sensorite Council is divided over the issue of inviting the party to Sense-Sphere: some of the councillors plot to episode 6 is echoed by a similar description of the planet by the Tenth Doctor to Martha Jones in "Gridlock". It kill them on arrival, but some believe that the humans can help with the disease that is currently killing many Sen- also bears similarities to the description given by the sorites. Their first plot is foiled by the other Sensorites, Eighth Doctor to Grace in the 1996 telemovie. but they continue to plot in secret. The humans are not The Doctor refers to himself as human in episode 2.[2] told of the first plot, and John and Carol are cured. In the One of the creatures in the episode “Kidnap” attacks the main conference room, Ian starts coughing violently and Doctor, and he states later that it attacked him under his collapses. Suffering from the disease that has blighted heart - suggesting that he has only one heart. The Doctor’s the Sensorites, he is told that he will soon die. having two hearts did not appear in the series until much It turns out that he was actually poisoned by drinking wa- later (Spearhead from Space). ter from the general aqueduct. The Doctor finds the prob- This episode is known for Susan’s use of telepathy. The lematic aqueduct and starts work with the Sensorite sci- earlier conception of Susan’s character spun her as a less entists. The plotting Sensorites capture and then imper- ordinary girl who had unusual abilities, of which Susan’s sonate a Sensorite leader, the Second Elder and steal the ability in this story may been seen as one of the few rem- new cure, before it is given to Ian, but a new one is made nants. At the end of the story, Susan loses her telepa- easily and Ian is cured. thy because according to the Sensorites, the Sense Sphere 22 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1

“has an extraordinary number of ultra-high frequencies, IGN's Arnold T. Blumburg gave the serial a score of 7 so I won't be able to go on using thought transference.” out of 10, writing that “the story builds some nice sus- However, the Doctor says that she has a gift and “when we pense in the first two episodes and features some great set get home to our own place, I think we should try to per- design and lighting, as well as a willingness to fall almost fect it.” Later stories and the spin-off media have more ex- entirely silent and let the slow burn roll” and that later plicitly clarified that Time Lords have limited telepathic on, the Sensorites were “rather appropriately portrayed abilities. Susan’s experiences here carry over into the Big in shades of gray” instead of black and white monsters Finish Productions audio story Transit of Venus. It takes like the Daleks.[11] Nick Setchfield of SFX gave The Sen- place directly after this story, despite the fact that the end- sorites three out of five stars, feeling that the story was ing of The Sensorites seems to lead directly into The Reign “ambitious” and the slow pace “actually works in episode of Terror. However, this inconsistency is explained in the one’s favour”, though the Sensorites’ “chill-factor” was audio play. gone after the first episode.[12] DVD Talk's John Sinnott also gave the serial a score of three out of five stars, writ- In the Doctor Who Confidential episode “You've Got the Look” (released to accompany "The Impossible Planet"), ing that the story structure was “well constructed” with impressive set design and an expanded role for Susan. Russell T Davies said that he wanted the Ood to resemble the Sensorites, and that he likes to think they come from a However, he felt that the story was not remembered that fondly because there was “nothing special about the aliens planet near the Sense-Sphere. This was later confirmed in [13] the Tenth Doctor episode "Planet of the Ood", in which or the situation”. the Doctor visits the Ood’s homeworld (the Ood-Sphere) and mentions that he once visited the Sense-Sphere in the 1.7.4 Commercial releases same system. In print

1.7.2 Production The serial was novelised for Target Books by Nigel Robinson in February 1987 as Doctor Who: The Sen- [3] Jacqueline Hill does not appear in episodes 4 and 5, sorites. In May 2012 the novel was released as an though she was still credited on-screen. unabridged audiobook, read by William Russell.[14] Designer Raymond Cusick avoided the use of straight lines and right angles in his sets for the Sense Sphere, Home media in a deliberate contrast to the “alien” buildings of other stories.[4] A restored and VidFIREd version of this story was re- Peter R Newman based the story on time he spent in a leased on VHS in November 2002. In July 2008, the orig- Japanese POW Camp in World War II. inal soundtrack was released on CD in the UK, with linking narration provided by William Russell.[15] The Sen- sorites was released on DVD in the UK on 23 January Cast notes 2012.[16]

Stephen Dartnell appears as John. He had previously appeared as Yartek in The Keys of Marinus. John Bailey, 1.7.5 References who plays the Commander, returned to the series to play Edward Waterﬁeld in The Evil of the Daleks and Sezom [1] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ in The Horns of Nimon. sensorites/detail.shtml [2] “It’s a fallacy, of course, that cats can see in the dark. They can't, but they “can see better than we humans.” Ep. 2, 1.7.3 Broadcast and reception “The Unwilling Warriors”, at 22:02.

The third episode was postponed by one week following [3] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ the overrun of sports programme Grandstand due to ex- sensorites/detail.shtml tended coverage of the Wimbledon tennis championships [4] Howe, Stammers & Walker 1994, p. 76 and the third Ashes Test match on 4 July 1964.[8][9] [5] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Sensorites”. Out- In 2008, Radio Times reviewer Mark Braxton wrote that post Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008-05-06. the Sensorites were “a triumph of realisation, in their ap- Retrieved 2008-08-30. pearance ... and in their hierarchy, culture and customs” but felt they were developed to the detriment of the hu- [6] “The Sensorites”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- trieved 2008-08-30. mans, despite Stephan Dartnell’s “upsettingly good as the psychologically damaged John”. Despite this, he noted [7] Sullivan, Shannon (2008-06-23). “The Sensorites”.A that it was a good story for the Doctor and Susan.[10] Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. 1.8. THE REIGN OF TERROR 23

[8] Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James 1.8 The Reign of Terror (1994). Doctor Who The Handbook - The First Doctor. London: Doctor Who Books. p. 75. ISBN 0-426-20430- The Reign of Terror is the partly missing eighth serial in 1. the British science ﬁction television series Doctor Who, which was ﬁrst broadcast in six weekly parts from 8 Au- [9] Frindall, Bill (1995). The Wisden Book of Test Cricket, gust to 12 September 1964. The story was set in France volume I: 1877-1977. London: Headline. p. 565. ISBN 0-7472-1117-5. during the period of the French Revolution known as the Reign of Terror. It is the second now-incomplete Doc- [10] Braxton, Mark (7 October 2008). “Doctor Who: The tor Who serial to be released with full-length animated Sensorites”. Radio Times. Retrieved 2 December 2012. reconstructions of its two missing episodes.

[11] Blumburg, Arnold T (6 March 2012). “Doctor Who: The Sensorites DVD Review”. IGN. Retrieved 2 December 1.8.1 Plot 2012. The Doctor, Ian, Barbara, and Susan arrive in 18th- [12] Setchfield, Nick (20 January 2012). “Doctor Who: The century France, in a wood outside Paris, and venture Sensorites DVD Review”. SFX. Retrieved 2 December to a nearby farmhouse. They find that the farmhouse 2012. is being used as a staging post in an escape chain for counter-revolutionaries and contains clothes and fake pa- [13] Sinnott, John (20 February 2012). “Doctor Who: The pers, some of which bear the signature of Robespierre, Sensorites”. Retrieved 2 December 2012. the chief orchestrator of government during the Reign of Terror. They are soon discovered by two counter- [14] “Doctor Who: The Sensorites (Classic Novel)". revolutionaries, D'Argenson and Rouvray, who knock the AudioGo. Retrieved 13 October 2013. Doctor unconscious and hold the others at gunpoint. A band of revolutionary soldiers surrounds the house and [15] “Doctor Who: The Sensorites”. Big Finish Productions. demands their surrender. Both D'Argenson and Rou- Retrieved 23 November 2012. vray are killed during the siege, but only after they have worked out that there must be a traitor in their escape [16] “DVD Schedule Update”. Doctor Who News. 2011-03- chain. The soldiers enter the house and capture Ian, Bar- 05. Retrieved 2013-10-09. bara, and Susan, and march them to Paris to be guil- lotined. The soldiers set fire to the farmhouse – unaware that the Doctor remains inside. 1.7.6 External links The Doctor awakes the next morning suffering from ex- haustion and smoke inhalation. He has been saved from • The Sensorites at BBC Online the blaze by a young boy, who tells him that his friends have been taken to the Conciergerie Prison in Paris. He • The Sensorites at Doctor Who: A Brief History of sets off after them. Time (Travel) Ian, Barbara, and Susan are all sentenced to death as traitors. Back at the Conciergerie, Ian is confined in one • The Sensorites at the Doctor Who Reference Guide cell, while the women are taken to another. Ian’s cellmate is an English prisoner named Webster who only lives long enough to tell him there is another English spy, James • The Sensorites on TARDIS Data Core, an external Stirling, highly placed in the French Government, who wiki is now being recalled to England. It was Webster’s job to find him and he only knows that Stirling can be found through Jules Renan at the sign of “Le Chien Gris”. Once Reviews Webster is dead, a government official named Lemaitre arrives and probes any conversation between Ian and the • The Sensorites reviews at Outpost Gallifrey dead man. Lemaitre crosses Ian’s name off the execution list. • The Sensorites reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Susan and Barbara are taken to the guillotine. Their trans- Guide port is hijacked by two men, Jules and Jean, who spirit them back to their safe house. Susan is ill. They are told that they will be smuggled out of France through Target novelisation the escape chain, but Barbara is nervous about leaving France without the Doctor and Ian. Jules and Jean re- • On Target — The Sensorites assure her that they will try to reunite the four travellers. 24 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1

Another counter-revolutionary, Leon Colbert, arrives and Barras to topple Robespierre, but warns him that if this joins their company. fails to happen he will deny this meeting ever took place. The Doctor reaches Paris and exchanges his clothes for The following day Stirling arranges Susan’s release from those of a Regional Officer of the Provinces. He heads prison. The coup against Robespierre has begun and the for the Conciergerie, but finds his companions have gone. tyrant has been badly wounded before being seized him- Ian has successfully stolen the key to his cell and managed self and sent to the Conciergerie. The escape chain smug- to get away. Lemaitre arrives and insists the Doctor ac- gles them out of Paris. Stirling heads for Calais and Eng- company him to visit First Deputy Robespierre to report land; Jules and Jean will lie low as they measure the fu- on his province. They are taken to an audience with “The ture; and the Doctor and his companions are keen to re- Tyrant of France”. Little the Doctor can say to the con- turn to the TARDIS in the wood near Paris. trary seems to have any sway, and he departs angrily. Ian follows Webster’s words and hunts out Jules Renan, 1.8.2 Production who turns out to be the man sheltering Barbara and Susan, who remains ill in bed. Barbara takes Susan to a local In a number of 1970s listing guides, the story was called physician who reports them as escaped prisoners and they The French Revolution. This appears to derive from a are seized once more by the revolutionary police. Ian goes promotional article in the BBC listings magazine Radio to meet Leon only to find he is the mole in the escape Times entitled Dr Who and the French Revolution. chain and there are armed troops waiting for him. Leon Colbert is desperate to find out what Webster said to him, Hungarian director Henric Hirsch, inexperienced in but Ian is very guarded in his comments. working for television, had difficulty coping with the cramped Lime Grove studios, out-of-order shooting se- The Doctor has returned to the Conciergerie, where quences and William Hartnell’s lack of respect for him. Lemaitre reports that Robespierre wishes to see him again As a result, he collapsed during shooting of the third the following day. Lemaitre ensures that the Doctor episode. As producer Verity Lambert and production spends the night in the Conciergerie in order that he re- assistant Tim Combe both felt unable to run a studio, main in Paris for his second audience with Robespierre. a short term replacement for Hirsch was found; Combe He is still there when Barbara and Susan are brought in believes this to have been John Gorrie, who previously as prisoners. With Susan too weak to be moved, he en- directed The Keys of Marinus, or possibly associate pro- gineers Barbara’s release on the pretext that she can be ducer Mervyn Pinfield. No additional director is cred- trailed to lead the security forces to the core of the es- ited on-screen. Hirsch recovered in time for the filming cape chain. of episode four, with his troubles eased by the production Jules Renan has rescued Ian, killing the traitor Leon Col- moving to Television Centre, Combe taking on some of bert in the process. They return to Jules’ house and are the director’s duties and Hartnell being more considerate stunned to meet Barbara there, released on the authority of his manner towards the director.[1] of the Doctor. William Russell was on holiday during filming for Robespierre’s mental state is deteriorating and he sus- episodes two and three, and appears in pre-filmed inserts pects that his deputy, Paul Barras, is conspiring against only. Further filmed inserts in episode two feature long him in the Convention. He asks Lemaitre to track Bar- shots of the Doctor walking across countryside towards ras the following day to a secret assignation outside the Paris. Brian Proudfoot doubles for the Doctor in these city. When Lemaitre heads back to the Conciergerie it is scenes,[2] which marked the first ever location filming for to confront the Doctor, whom he unmasks in private as Doctor Who.[3] an impostor. Lemaitre insists that the Doctor help him find Jules Renan’s house and expose the spy ring. With Susan held in the prison as a hostage, the Doctor takes Cast notes him to there. Once there, Lemaitre reveals that he is in fact James Stirling. In response, Ian relays Webster’s Edward Brayshaw later featured in The War Games as the message that Stirling should return to England immedi- War Chief. Roy Herrick later provided one of the voices ately. The spy agrees but presses Ian for more detail on of Xoanon in The Face of Evil and appeared as Parsons Webster’s last hours. When Ian recalls the words “Bar- in The Invisible Enemy. Ronald Pickup appeared in the ras, meeting, 'The Sinking Ship'", Stirling recalls his own audio play Time Works as Kestorian and Spaceport Fear conversation with Robespierre and the inn on the Calais as Elder Bones. Road, and they realise that is where the conspiracy against the First Deputy will take place. Jules, Ian and Barbara Missing episodes head to the inn and there overhear Barras conspire with a young general, Napoleon Bonaparte, in the indictment This Doctor Who story was bought and screened in 19 and overthrow of Robespierre. Barras seeks to persuade countries, starting with Australia in September 1965. the young general to take the leadership. Napoleon urges The last known television broadcast of this story was in 1.8. THE REIGN OF TERROR 25

Ethiopia, which screened it over six weeks between 24 Carole Ann Ford. This edition was re-released in August June and 29 July 1971. On the instructions of BBC En- 2010 as part of The Lost Episodes: Collection One 1964- terprises, the copies Ethiopia screened were returned to 1965. the BBC in London in April 1972. All six episodes were lost in the BBC’s stock clearance of Video In October 2003, this story was released in the the 1970s. However, a copy of “Prisoners of Concierg- US on VHS, as part of a “collector’s set” meant to cel- erie” was returned by a private collector in 1982. In ebrate the show’s 40th anniversary by releasing all pre- October 1984, copies of “A Land of Fear”, “Guests viously unavailable serials. It was then released in the of Madame Guillotine”, and “A Change of Identity”, UK in November 2003 and was the last VHS release. In along with another copy of “Prisoners of Conciergerie”, this edition the missing episodes were bridged with short were found in Cyprus. They were duly returned early in video links by Carole Ann Ford. 1985 and the recovery was formally announced in July of that year. Cyprus did not screen The Reign of Terror In November 2004, existing clips from episodes 4 and 5 (broadcasts ended with the showing of episode six of The were released on Region 2 DVD in the three-disc Lost in Sensorites on 25 November 1966); the prints that were Time set. screened had been sent to Cyprus from Malta. The full serial was released on DVD in region 2 on 28 Jan- uary 2013 with the two missing episodes restored through As a result of these episode recoveries only two episodes [11][12] (parts 4 and 5, “The Tyrant of France” and “A Bargain animation. It was released in region 4 on 6 Febru- of Necessity”) remain missing; although copies of these ary 2013 and region 1 on 12 February 2013. episodes had also been held in Cyprus, they were de- [4] stroyed in the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus. For the 1.8.5 References 2013 DVD release, episodes four and five were animated by Planet 55 Studios. [1] “Don't Lose Your Head”, DVD extra for The Reign of Ter- ror (2013) 1.8.3 Broadcast and reception [2] 17.14.59 T/R DR. WHO - EPISODE 2: 'GUEST OF MADAME GUILLOTINE' (23/1/4/3160), Tele- vision Service- BBC1: Saturday: 15.8.1964, p. In 2008, Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times gave a positive 2, http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/tv/isite-downloads/ review of the serial, despite noting an initial dislike for doctorwho/classic/pasb/reignofterror.pdf, page 4/12, it. He wrote positively of the humour and Hartnell’s in- retrieved 11 March 2013. creased role, but felt that Susan was “at her weakest”.[8] SFX reviewer Ian Berriman gave the serial two and a half [3] http://www.avclub.com/tvclub/ out of five stars, calling it “really rather dull” after the first doctor-who-classic-the-reign-of-terror-101283 episode and noting that it was assumed the audience knew [4] Molesworth, Richard (1998). “BBC Archive Holdings”. [9] the history of the French Revolution. The AV Club’s Doctor Who Restoration Team Website. Retrieved 17 Christopher Bahn gave the serial a negative review stat- February 2013. ing that after a compelling beginning it " falls victim instead to the number one problem of all mediocre Who [5] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Reign of Terror”. serials, stretching too little story over too many episodes, Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008- 03-31. Retrieved 2008-08-30. and worse, it keeps retreading the same basic plot of having the characters captured, thrown into the Conciergerie [6] “The Reign of Terror”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Prison, rescued, recaptured, then escape and be recap- Retrieved 2008-08-30. tured again.”[10] [7] Sullivan, Shannon (2006-02-25). “The Reign Of Terror”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

1.8.4 Commercial Releases [8] Mulkern, Patrick (7 November 2008). “Doctor Who: The Reign of Terror”. Radio Times. Retrieved 2 December In print 2012. [9] Berriman, Ian (25 January 2013). “Doctor Who: The A novelisation of this serial, written by Ian Marter, was Reign of Terror Review”. SFX. Retrieved 28 January published several months posthumously by Target Books 2013. in March 1987. [10] http://www.avclub.com/tvclub/ doctor-who-classic-the-reign-of-terror-101283 Home media [11] “The Reign Of Terror episodes to be animated”. Doctor Who News Page. 2011-06-02. Audio An audio-only version of this serial was released on CD by BBC Audio in 2005, with linking narration by [12] classicdw. “Twitter”. Twitter. Retrieved 2013-10-09. 26 CHAPTER 1. SEASON 1

1.8.6 External links

• The Reign of Terror at BBC Online • The Reign of Terror at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time (Travel) • The Reign of Terror at the Doctor Who Reference Guide • Doctor Who Locations - The Reign of Terror

• The Reign of Terror on TARDIS Data Core, an external wiki

Reviews

• The Reign of Terror reviews at Outpost Gallifrey

• The Reign of Terror reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide

Target novelisation

• On Target — The Reign of Terror Chapter 2

Season 2

2.1 Planet of Giants they go. Meanwhile, Ian and Barbara examine the laboratory and encounter a giant fly, which is killed instantly Planet of Giants is the first serial of the second season in when it contacts sample seeds that had been sprayed with the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, DN6. Barbara foolishly touched one seed earlier and which was first broadcast in three weekly parts from 31 soon starts to feel unwell. Nevertheless, attracted by Su- October to 14 November 1964. The story was the first san’s voice in the reverberating plughole, the four friends since An Unearthly Child to be set on a contemporary are reunited. Earth.[1] Forester has meanwhile doctored Farrow’s report so as to give DN6 the licence he wants and, disguising his voice as Farrow’s, makes a supportive phonecall to the ministry to 2.1.1 Plot the same effect. This is overheard by the local telephone operator, Hilda Rowse, and her policeman husband, Bert, Following a malfunction on the TARDIS console and the who start to suspect something is wrong. bleating of a klaxon indicating something is amiss, the The Doctor has meanwhile realised the deadly and ev- Doctor insists the fault locator shows nothing is wrong erlasting nature of DN6 and the probable contamination and it is safe to venture outside. He leads his companions of Barbara. They try to alert someone by hoisting up Ian, Barbara and Susan to the world beyond and within the phone receiver with corks, but cannot make them- minutes they find a dead giant earthworm followed by a selves heard. Hilda notes the engaged signal, however, large deceased ant. They seem to have died immediately. and she and Bert become even more concerned. Forester After some deduction the travellers realise they have ar- and Smithers return to the lab and correct the engaged rived on Earth but have shrunk in size to about an inch. handset and then Hilda rings to check things are okay. Ian is investigating a discarded matchbox when someone She rings again moments later and asks for Farrow and, picks it up and he is hurled around inside. That some- when Forester impersonates him, immediately spots the one is a government scientist called Farrow. He is met faked voice and so knows there is something badly wrong. by a callous industrialist named Forester to tell him that Bert heads off to the house to investigate. his application for DN6, a new insecticide, has been re- The Doctor and his companions decide to start a fire to jected. In reality DN6 should not be licensed: it is far attract attention to the house and succeed in setting up too deadly to all insect life. When they fall out over this an aerosol can of insecticide and a lab bench gas jet as news, Forester shoots Farrow and leaves him for dead on a bomb. This coincides with Smithers discovering the the lawn. true virulence of DN6 - it’s lethal to everything - and de- The Doctor, Barbara and Susan hear the gunshot as an manding Forester stop seeking a licence. Forester spots enormous explosion, and head for the house. They find the makeshift bomb, which goes off in his face. Smithers Ian unhurt near the dead body and surmise a murder has retrieves the gun as PC Rowse arrives and then places taken place but can do little about it. They are deter- both under arrest. mined, however, to ensure the murderer is brought to jus- Their work done, the travellers return to the TARDIS and tice despite their microscopic size. While avoiding a cat, the Doctor reconfigures the machine to return them to the travellers get split up again with Ian and Barbara hid- normal size. Barbara, who was on the verge of death, ing in a briefcase. The giant Forester returns to the lawn recovers on being returned to full size; the insecticide and and collects the briefcase, taking it inside to the labora- seed responsible aboard the TARDIS shrinking to their tory. His aide, Smithers, arrives and suspects him of mur- real microscopic and minuscule sizes. der, but does not report him for fear of undermining the DN6 project to which he has given his life. The Doctor and Susan scale a drainpipe to gain access to the house and locate their friends, braving the height as

27 28 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2

2.1.2 Production inal third and fourth episodes into one hurt the story more than it helped”. Bahn felt that the script “is constantly un- An early draft of this story – by C.E. Webber and entitled dercutting its own dramatic potential in subtle but perva- The Giants – was originally meant to be the first story of sive ways”, such as when the characters tried calling the the first season.[2] Planet of Giants was recorded in the police on a telephone, and the “plot-dragger” of Barbara production block it was decided to hold it for transmis- keeping her illness a secret. However, he praised set de- sion as the start of season 2.[3] This story was originally sign and acting of Hill and Tilvern.[12] four episodes in length. Upon viewing Episodes 3 and 4, which focused more heavily on Hilda and Bert, Head of Serials Donald Wilson ordered them spliced together in 2.1.4 Commercial releases order to form a faster-paced climax (Episode 3) focus- ing on the core characters of the series.[4] Episode 4 was In print called “The Urge to Live” and directed by Douglas Cam- field (instead of Mervyn Pinfield, who directed Episodes A novelisation of this serial, written by Terrance Dicks, 1-3). When Episodes 3 and 4 were edited together to was published by Target Books in January 1990. It was make the new Episode 3, only Camfield was credited. the final serial of the William Hartnell era to be novelised. The novel also reinstated much of the material The decision to splice the last two episodes into one cut to make the televised serial into three episodes. would have ramifications for the second production block of the series, when the producers were left with a one- episode space following Galaxy 4. Rather than produc- Home media ing a single-episode stand-alone story or extend any of the planned serials, "Mission to the Unknown" was commis- This serial was released on VHS in 2002;[13] it was the sioned to serve as a prelude to The Daleks’ Master Plan first commercially released story to receive the VidFIRE without the participation of any of the regular cast. This process.[14] It was released on DVD in Region 2 on 20 was produced in the same block as Galaxy 4, and both August 2012.[15] were held over to form the first five episodes of Season 3.[5] The 2012 DVD includes recreations of the original Episodes 3 and 4, based on the original scripts and featuring newly recorded dialogue[16] from regular cast mem- 2.1.3 Broadcast and reception bers Ford and Russell and other actors impersonating the remaining (all deceased) cast. A variety of techniques has In 2008, Radio Times reviewer Patrick Mulkern wrote been used to re-create the missing visual material, but that the story had ambition and impressive set design, most of this is done by re-editing existing footage from but felt that “the drama itself is less than enthralling”. the finished episode 3. He pegged the scientists to stereotypes and found it disappointing that they did not directly interact with the miniature TARDIS crew about their plans. Mulkern 2.1.5 References also noted that Barbara "[came] across as uncharacter- [1] The episode is undated, though its general appearance is istically wet” and Dudley Simpson’s score was “annoy- consistent with the year of transmission. ingly childish”.[9] DVD Talk's John Sinnott gave Planet of Giants three out of five stars, feeling that it was an [2] Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James average “solid installment”. Sinnott noted that it was (1994). Doctor Who The Handbook - The First Doctor. a strange story because the TARDIS crew did not di- London: Doctor Who Books. pp. 178–9. ISBN 0-426- rectly interact with the “pretty stupid” criminals and they 20430-1. seemed more concerned about exploring than returning [3] “Serial J: Planet Of Giants” A Brief History of Time to their normal size.[10] Dave Golder of SFX gave the se- Travel 27 June 2012 rial two and a half out of five stars, feeling that it was “undeniably slow, talky and lacking in excitement” and [4] Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James “not quite in synch with the main show” because Bar- (1994). Doctor Who The Handbook - The First Doctor. bara and Ian never note that they are in contemporary London: Doctor Who Books. p. 275. ISBN 0-426- Britain, to which they are trying to return. Despite prais- 20430-1. ing the TARDIS crew for using “intelligence, ingenu- ity and simple science to get themselves out of prob- [5] Sullivan, Shannon. “Mission to the Unknown (aka. Dalek Cutaway)". A Brief History of Time (Travel). Retrieved lems”, he felt they lacked their usual chemistry and also 24 April 2007. criticised Barbara’s characterisation.[11] The A.V. Club reviewer Christopher Bahn described the serial as “not [6] Shaun Lyon; et al. (31 March 2007). “Planet of Giants”. lacking in ambitious ideas but never quite [gelling] to- Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 31 Au- gether, and a last-minute re-edit that condensed the orig- gust 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008. 2.2. THE DALEK INVASION OF EARTH 29

[7] “Planet of Giants”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- 2.2 The Dalek Invasion of Earth trieved 30 August 2008. The Dalek Invasion of Earth is the second serial of the [8] Sullivan, Shannon (4 April 2005). “Planet of Giants”.A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 30 August 2008. second season in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which originally aired in six weekly [9] Mulkern, Patrick (14 November 2008). “Doctor Who: parts from 21 November to 26 December 1964. It was Planet of Giants”. Radio Times. Retrieved 2 December the second appearance of the Daleks and thus the first 2012. time an enemy re-appeared. This serial marks the final regular appearance of Carole Ann Ford as companion [10] Sinnott, John (31 October 2012). “Doctor Who: Planet Susan Foreman. It was later adapted into the movie of Giants”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Daleks – Invasion Earth: 2150 A.D. starring Peter Cush- ing. [11] Golder, Dave (17 August 2012). “Doctor Who: Planet of Giants Review”. SFX. Retrieved 2 December 2012. 2.2.1 Plot [12] Bahn, Christopher (9 December 2012). “Planet of Gi- ants”. The A.V. Club. Retrieved 15 December 2012. The TARDIS materialises, the Doctor surmising from the [13] Roberts, Steve (28 September 2001). “Planet of Giants”. surroundings that they have landed in London only to find Doctor Who Restoration Team. Retrieved 2 December it devastated and in ruins. It turns out the year is some 2012. time after 2164.[1] While climbing a rock face, Susan falls and twists her ankle. Then due to the decay of the sur- [14] Roberts, Steve. “VidFIRE”. Doctor Who Restoration rounding buildings and grounds, a quake tremor causes Team. Retrieved 24 April 2007. girders to fall across the TARDIS, blocking the travelers from entering again. Barbara stays with Susan while the [15] “DVD Update: Summer Schedule”. Doctor Who News. Doctor and Ian explore, and the women are taken by a Retrieved 2013-09-18. couple of refugees to a nearby shelter in an abandoned Underground station. There they meet resistance mem- [16] “Doctor Who Online - News & Reviews - Planet of Giants - DVD Cover and Details”. News.drwho-online.co.uk. bers Dortmun (the leader), Carl Tyler, David Campbell, 2012-05-03. Retrieved 2013-09-18. Jenny, Thomson, Baker, and Larry Madison. Dortmun, a paraplegic scientist, has been working on a special type of bomb to destroy the Daleks’ outer casings, and he and 2.1.6 External links the others are preparing for an assault on the local Dalek headquarters. • Planet of Giants at BBC Online Meanwhile, the Doctor and Ian stumble across bodies wearing strange metal helmets and soon find an army of • Planet of Giants at Doctor Who: A Brief History of them and Daleks rising from the River Thames. The Time (Travel) Daleks take the Doctor and Ian, along with captured resistance members including Jack Craddock, onboard • Planet of Giants at the Doctor Who Reference Guide their saucer, where they convert attempted escapees into Robomen. Ian doesn't understand why the Daleks still • Planet of Giants on TARDIS Data Core, an external exist since the travelers defeated them on Skaro (in The wiki Daleks) but the Doctor reminds him that was far in the future. Sensing that the Doctor is highly intelligent, the Daleks leave a device in the cell with the prisoners which Reviews the Doctor solves, enabling them to escape. However, the Daleks are laying in wait and recapture them, drug- • Planet of Giants reviews at Outpost Gallifrey ging the Doctor and sending him to be converted into a Roboman. But the Doctor’s transfer operation breaks • Planet of Giants reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings down while Susan, Barbara and the resistance team attack Guide the Dalek force using the explosives created by Dortmun. But the bombs are ineffective against the Daleks, and several resistance members are injured or killed. David and Target novelisation Susan are able to rescue the Doctor, still drugged, while Barbara gets separated from them and is able to return to • Planet of Giants novelisation reviews at The Doctor the Underground with Jenny to report back to Dortmun. Who Ratings Guide Ian is unable to escape the saucer; he and Larry hide beneath a floor grating as the Daleks and saucer leave for • On Target — Planet of Giants the Dalek mining operations in Bedfordshire. 30 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2

Before leaving London the Daleks give orders to the the countdown, Ian scrambles the wiring inside the cap- Robomen to set firebombs to destroy the city. Hiding sule, disarming it. When the shaft opens beneath the cap- from the Robomen near to the TARDIS, David, Susan sule he escapes, but a Dalek cuts the rope he uses and he and the Doctor see the Robomen set up a bomb and leave. tumbles halfway down the shaft, stopping at a small ac- The Doctor, still too weak from being drugged, collapses, cess node. Leaving by the node he jams a cord of wood and David uses some quick thinking to disarm the bomb. across the shaft opening, preventing a re-armed explo- He and Susan try to find an escape route through the sew- sive capsule from moving further down the shaft. While ers while the Doctor rests, and they are found by Tyler. Barbara creates a diversion spinning a wild story about an After collecting the Doctor, who is starting to feel bet- uprising involving “the Boston Tea Party,” “General Lee’s ter, they avoid alligators and Robomen in the sewers as forces” and “Hannibal attacking from the Alps,” Jenny they escape the city and head for the mining operation. tries to corrupt the machine which contols the Robomen As they travel, David and Susan start falling in love, but and send them new orders. The Daleks catch them and, keep it a secret from the others. Meanwhile, Dortmun, after rearming the capsule and launching it, trap the two Jenny and Barbara make their way to an abandoned mu- in the control room to be killed in the explosion. The seum also used by the resistance as a hideout, which is Doctor and Tyler, hiding outside the control room, en- deserted. Dortmun, after leaving his notebook for Bar- ter when the Daleks leave and free Barbara and Jenny. bara to find, exits the hideout and confronts the Daleks, Using the Daleks’ scanners they find David and Susan, sacrificing himself so that the woman have a chance to es- who destroy the radio beacon, leaving the Robomen adrift cape. They get an old truck working and crash their way and causing a temporary overload within the Daleks, who through the Daleks, heading for the mining operations as short circuit. Barbara and the Doctor give new orders to Barbara is convinced that’s where the Doctor would go. the Robomen to destroy the Daleks, and with the help They make it most of the way there before the truck is of the Robomen, Wells and Tyler lead the human slaves destroyed by a Dalek saucer. in rebellion, destroying the inert Daleks and escaping the At the mine, Ian and Larry escape the saucer and meet mine. Ian reunites with his friends, and before the cap- workers named Wells and Ashton; the latter is killed by sule explodes they all escape back up the cliffs to rejoin an aggressive creature called a Slyther, a pet of the Black Susan and David. The bomb destroys the Dalek fleet and Dalek. The predator then falls from a suspended mine causes an entirely new phenomenon — a volcanic erup- cart that Ian and Larry use to try to get away from it, tion in England. down a mineshaft to its death. The Daleks subsequently Back in London, Wells and Tyler help shift the girders send the mine cart down the shaft before Ian and Larry away from the TARDIS, and the travelers get ready to can climb out and they are plummeted down in the cart leave. Susan has worn a hole in her shoe and the Doctor to the mine operations far underground. The Doctor and talks of mending it for her but seems preoccupied and his party arrive at the cliffs overlooking the mine, and sad. Susan is also awkward and after the Doctor goes he sends David and Susan on a mission to the far side back into the ship, she and David walk a short distance of the cliffs to interfere with the radio signals the Daleks away. Declaring his love for her, David begs Susan to use to keep in communication with each other and the stay and marry him, saying he will give her a place to Robomen. The Doctor and Tyler begin climbing down belong and a rooted identity, which earlier she told him into the mine. Barbara and Jenny find a hovel and, seek- she wanted to have someday. Susan agonizes and protests ing shelter, meet two ragged women who are allowed to that David is making her choose between him and her live on their own because they make clothing for the hu- grandfather. Tearfully she says she must leave, but admits man slaves at the mine. These women pretend to befriend that she loves him. Suddenly the TARDIS doors slam Barbara and Jenny before reporting them to the Daleks shut, and the Doctor, with Ian and Barbara at his side, bids in return for food. The Daleks collect Barbara and Jenny Susan an emotional farewell, telling her that although they and send them to work in the mine. have always taken care of each other up until now, she is After Craddock is killed by his brother, who has been a grown woman and deserves a normal life with David. turned into a Roboman, Ian hides in the mine, eventually He promises to return one day, and sets the TARDIS in finding Wells again, also seeing Barbara from a distance. motion. The blue box disappears, and Susan, stunned, Before he can get to her, however, he ends up hiding and steps where it had been. David says that the Doctor must being trapped in a capsule filled with explosives. Bar- have known she wouldn't leave him, and so chose to leave bara uses Dortmun’s notebook to bluff the Daleks into her. Taking David’s hand, Susan walks away with him, believing she has information about an imminent uprs- intentionally leaving her TARDIS key behind. ing and demands to speak with the Black Dalek. When she and Jenny are brought before it, they discover that the Daleks are drilling through the Earth's crust so that they Continuity can blow out its core with a penetrative explosive capsule and then use a guidance system to pilot the planet around Elements of this story appear in later Doctor Who sto- space. As the Daleks set the capsule in position and start ries. The serial was the basis for the Peter Cushing film, Daleks – Invasion Earth: 2150 A.D. Robert Sloman’s pro- 2.2. THE DALEK INVASION OF EARTH 31

posed “Daleks in London” for the 1973 series was eventually scrapped for bearing too many similarities to this story. The Big Finish Productions audio drama The Mu- tant Phase is partly set on Earth in the year 2158, when the Fifth Doctor and Nyssa encounter invading Daleks in a rapeseed field in Kansas. The plan to extract the Earth’s core and the mine works in Bedfordshire are mentioned, implying that the two stories are involved with the same invasion. The date of 2158 agrees with the above rea- soning about the invasion having started in approximately 2157. Dortmun calls the material the Dalek casings are made of 'Dalekanium'. In the alternative future of Day of the Daleks (and the PC computer game Destiny of the Doc- tors), Dalekanium is an unstable explosive that can pen- etrate Dalek casings. In "Daleks in Manhattan", Daleka- nium is confirmed by the Daleks themselves to be the substance which Dalek casings are made from. The Virgin New Adventures novel GodEngine by Craig Hinton offers an alternative explanation for the Daleks’ attempt to remove the Earth’s core: an ancient Osirian weapon, capable of turning a star into a giant plasma The Dalek Invasion of Earth is the final regular appearance of Carole Ann Ford’s character, Susan. cannon, which can be operated only on a planet without a bipolar magnetic field. GodEngine suggests that the Daleks were working with a rogue group of Ice Warriors Bush. Location filming took place in various parts of the to assemble this weapon, and planned to install it on the city including extensive sequences at Whitehall, Trafalgar Earth. The novel also states that the Doctor returned to Square, Westminster Bridge, Albert Embankment and recover Susan’s discarded TARDIS key. The same plot The Royal Albert Hall, moving on to Kensington and the device was also used in the cinema film Daleks – Invasion Albert Memorial with scenes involving the Dalek road- Earth: 2150 A.D. block being filmed at Wembley. These scenes were shot [2] Footage of William Hartnell as the First Doctor from the in the early hours of Sunday mornings. Other location final scenes of this serial was subsequently used as a pre- scenes were filmed at the abandoned Wood Lane (Cen- titles sequence for the 1983 special The Five Doctors. Ca- tral line) tube station in West London and river sequences role Ann Ford reprised her role as Susan in the 1983 20th both shot besides the River Thames at St Katharine Docks Anniversary television Special The Five Doctors, although in Wapping and at Kew Railway Bridge. The mine scenes no mention was made of David or her life after the Doc- were the first Doctor Who scenes to be filmed in a quarry, [3] tor had left her, this plotline was covered in the novel of using the disused John’s Hole Quarry at Stone, Kent. [4][5] the story written by Terrance Dicks. Some of this was further explored in the spin-off BBC Books novel Legacy The music was composed and conducted by Francis Cha- of the Daleks by John Peel. Ford’s departure was the first grin.[6] of what would be many cast changes in the history of the programme. The Doctor finally properly visits his granddaughter in the 2009 audio story An Earthly Child star- Alternative titles ring Carole Ann Ford as Susan and Paul McGann as the Eighth Doctor. This story also introduces the Doctor’s Working titles for this story included The Daleks, The Re- great grandson Alex Campbell, played by Jake McGann, turn of the Daleks and The Invaders. The story has at Paul McGann’s son. times been called World’s End, most notably in the fron- tispiece of its novelisation. This is the title of the first episode and was applied to the story as a whole by the 2.2.2 Production 1973 Radio Times 10th anniversary special and several lists that copied it. The story begins in the real World’s End area of Chelsea in London. This was the very first serial of Doctor Who that made extensive use of location filming, with London being chosen as the primary backdrop. The decision to use London Cast notes also helped to keep the show within its production budget given that the BBC’s Lime Grove studios where Doc- William Hartnell is absent from episode four, bar a sin- tor Who was produced were located at nearby Shepherd’s gle shot in the reprise from episode three. The Doc- 32 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2

tor appears briefly at the beginning of the episode with tory of the show.[12] In 2010, Charlie Jane Anders of io9 Hartnell’s stand-in, Edmund Warwick, shot from behind, listed the cliffhanger to the first episode — in which a groaning and falling over. Hartnell was injured while Dalek rises out of the Thames;— as one of the greatest filming the battle at the Dalek saucer in episode three, cliffhangers in the history of Doctor Who.[13] and most of his lines went to David Campbell. Accord- ing to commentary on the DVD release, the man carrying Hartnell down the saucer’s ramp dropped him and he hit 2.2.4 Commercial releases his head on a metal camera pedestal. Warwick went on to appear as the First Doctor’s robotic double in the later In print Dalek serial, The Chase.[7] A novelisation of this serial, written by Terrance Dicks, Nicholas Smith appears in his first speaking role in televi- was published by Target Books in 1977. This version sion. He was originally only to have appeared in episode featured cover art based on the film rather than the TV three, but according to Smith on a documentary accom- series. A German translation was published in 1981 by panying the serial’s DVD release, he talked the director Schneider-Buch with the title Doctor Who – Kampf um into letting him lead the miners’ revolution in episodes die Erde (Doctor Who — Struggle for the Earth) with five and six. Bernard Kay portrays Carl Tyler (and also cover illustration by David A. Hardy.A French trans- provides the voiceover on the longer of the two surviving lation by Ronald C. Wagner was published in 1987 under BBC trailers for this story). He would later appear in The the title Docteur Who – Les Daleks envahissent la Terre Crusade, The Faceless Ones, and Colony in Space as well (Doctor Who — The Daleks invade the Earth). The cover as the audio play Night Thoughts. depicts the controversial twin French physicists Igor and According to Carole Ann Ford, she became tired of the Grichka Bogdanoff as presenting the book.[14] In 2011, role of Susan and decided to leave the programme be- the novelisation was released as an audiobook read by cause the producers would not let her expand and develop William Russell.[15] the character. Home media 2.2.3 Broadcast and reception

Paul Cornell, Martin Day, and Keith Topping wrote of the serial in The Discontinuity Guide (1995), “There are some wonderful exterior sequences, with giddy scenes of Daleks on Westminster Bridge and in Trafalgar Square (they've added lettering of their own to various monu- ments). The only thing that lets down the vast production values is the Slyther...Obvious Dan Dare stuff, but done with such hallucinatory conviction that the end result is very impressive.”[9] In The Television Compan- ion (1998), David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker said that the story “surely ranks as one of the series’ all- time greats”, with impressive scripting and location filming despite some clumsy direction. They also praised the “poignant and moving” final scene.[10] In 2008, Mark Braxton of Radio Times noted the continuity errors concerning the Daleks but praised the supporting cast, location filming, and emotional ending. However, he pointed out that the ambition had “consequences” in the form of production shortcomings.[11] The A.V. Club reviewer Christopher Bahn wrote that the serial had not “aged well at all” because it was “frequently slow-paced and suffers badly from his penchant for deliberately running out the clock by throwing in long, meandering subplots”. He felt that Nation was not interested in the Daleks as characters and the Robomen were “more interesting concep- tually than in execution”, and that the dramatic impact The DVD edition of The Dalek Invasion of Earth. of Susan’s departure was “wasted” because the Doctor chose for her. Despite that, he called the first episode and This story was released on VHS in 1990. As part of cliffhanger “excellent” and noted how the serials’ char- the Doctor Who 40th Anniversary Celebration releases acterisation of the Doctor was echoed through the his- in June 2003, The Dalek Invasion of Earth was released 2.3. THE RESCUE 33 on Region 2 DVD as a two-disc set, with several extra 2.2.6 External links features. These included the option to view the story with certain special effects sequences optionally replaced • The Dalek Invasion of Earth at BBC Online with newly created CGI. The DVD was also included in • The Dalek Invasion of Earth at Doctor Who: A Brief a limited-edition box set with later stories Resurrection of History of Time (Travel) the Daleks and Remembrance of the Daleks.[16] This serial was also released as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files • The Dalek Invasion of Earth at the Doctor Who Ref- in Issue 95 on 22 August 2012. erence Guide

2.2.5 References Fan reviews

[1] Howe, David J.; Walker, Stephen James (1998). “The • The Dalek Invasion of Earth reviews at Outpost Gal- Dalek Invasion of Earth”. Doctor Who: The Television lifrey Companion. London: BBC Worldwide. p. 38. ISBN 0- • 563-40588-0. The Dalek Invasion of Earth reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide [2] http://drwhointerviews.wordpress.com/category/ jacqueline-hill/ • The Whoniverse’s review on The Dalek Invasion of Earth [3] Kent Film Office. “Kent Film Office The Dalek Invasion of Earth Article”. Target novelisation [4] “The Dalek Invasion Of Earth”. http://www. doctorwholocations.net. Retrieved 22 September • Doctor Who and the Dalek Invasion of Earth re- 2013. External link in |publisher= (help) views at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide [5] Gary Russell (2003). Doctor Who – The Dalek Invasion • Of Earth (DVD). BBC. Event occurs at 6:38 in “Now and On Target — Doctor Who and the Dalek Invasion of Then” feature on Disc 2. ASIN B00009PBAN. This was Earth the first ever quarry to be used in the making of Doctor Who. [6] “The Dalek Invasion of Earth”. Dr Who guide. Retrieved 2.3 The Rescue 2 January 2011. This article is about the serial of 1965. For the similarly- [7] Sullivan, Shannon (2008-03-22). “The Dalek Invasion of Earth”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2006- titled episode of 1964, see The Daleks. 12-10. [8] “The Dalek Invasion of Earth”. Doctor Who Reference The Rescue is the third serial of the second season of Guide. Retrieved 2008-08-30. the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in two weekly parts on 2 January [9] Cornell, Paul; Day, Martin; Topping, Keith (1995). “The and 9 January 1965 on BBC1. It was written by outgoing Dalek Invasion of Earth”. The Discontinuity Guide. Lon- story editor David Whitaker and directed by Christopher don: Virgin Books. ISBN 0-426-20442-5. Barry. [10] Howe, David J & Walker, Stephen James (1998). Doctor The Rescue was produced in a six-episode block with The Who: The Television Companion (1st ed.). London: BBC Romans and was the first story produced in Doctor Who ' s Books. ISBN 978-0-563-40588-7. second production block. Rehearsals and recording took [11] Braxton, Mark (21 November 2008). “Doctor Who: The place from 30 November to 11 December 1964, entirely Dalek Invasion of Earth”. Radio Times. Retrieved 7 Au- in-studio. The two episodes were watched by 12 and gust 2013. 13 million viewers in the UK respectively and have re- [12] Bahn, Christopher (6 November 2011). “The Dalek Inva- ceived generally positive reviews from critics, who praise sion of Earth”. The A.V. Club. Retrieved 7 August 2013. the character-based storytelling, although plot holes were noted. Both episodes of The Rescue have been retained [13] Anders, Charlie Jane (31 August 2010). “Greatest Doctor in the BBC archives, and the story has been novelised and Who cliffhangers of all time!". io9. Retrieved 7 August released on VHS and DVD. The serial is notable as the 2013. first appearance of Maureen O'Brien as companion Vicki. [14] Neal, Tim (2005-03-28). “Dalek Invasion French cover”. On Target. Retrieved 2006-12-10. 2.3.1 Plot [15] “Doctor Who and the Dalek Invasion of Earth (Classic Novel)". AudioGo. Retrieved 14 October 2013. The Doctor, Ian, and Barbara are still missing the Doc- [16] The TARDIS Library: 40th Anniversary Dalek box set tor’s granddaughter Susan when the TARDIS lands on a 34 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2

planet the Doctor eventually recognises as Dido, a world credited.[1] The story was commissioned on 1 Novem- he has visited before. The trio soon encounter two sur- ber 1964, the day after his contract with the BBC for his vivors of a space crash, Vicki and Bennett, who are await- position as script editor had expired.[1] The scripts were ing a rescue ship that is due to arrive in three days time. due on 10 November. In Whitaker’s original draft, en- Vicki and Bennett live in fear of Koquillion, a bipedal in- titled Doctor Who and Tanni after one of Vicki’s origi- habitant of Dido, who is stalking the area. Koquillion en- nal names, there are a few differences from the broadcast counters the time travellers and attacks, pushing Barbara version. Bennett was more unkind to Vicki. Notably, Ko- over a cliff and temporarily trapping Ian and the Doc- quillion had a “torch” device, which he used to paralyse tor. Vicki finds Barbara injured and rescues her from Ian upon meeting and interrogating him and Barbara in Koquillion, and they share reminiscences. Vicki’s father the first episode. He hypnotised Ian and Barbara and tried was amongst those who died when the survivors of the to get them to encourage the Doctor to come out of the crash, save Bennett and Vicki, were lured to their deaths TARDIS, but the Doctor could see this on the TARDIS' by the natives of Dido. She is evidently very lonely, hav- scanner and demands the teachers be released. In a scuf- ing befriended an indigenous Sand Beast for company. fle Ian’s trance was broken when he was shoved against the However, when Ian and the Doctor reach the ship, tem- TARDIS and Barbara’s was broken when she was thrown pers are fraught because Barbara mistook the Sand Beast to the ground.[1] The beginning of the first episode also for a threat and killed it. had Ian confide to Barbara that he was afraid of a time The Doctor enters Bennett’s room, and finds things are where the Doctor would close the TARDIS on them and not as they seem. The supposedly crippled Bennett is leave like he did with Susan, to which the Doctor, over- hearing, replied that there would be warning if they were missing, and a tape recorder hides his absence. He finds [1] a trap door in the floor of the cabin and follows it to a to part. temple carved from rock where he unmasks Koquillion O'Brien had just come out of drama school when she was as Bennett. Bennett reveals he killed a crewmember on cast as Vicki;[2] it was her first television acting job.[3] Di- board the ship and was arrested, but the ship crashed be- rector Christopher Barry originally wanted Bernard Ar- fore the crime could be radioed to Earth. It was he who chard for the role of Bennett/Koquillion, but was not able killed the crash survivors and the natives of Dido to cover to get him. Barry would later cast Archard in The Power his crime. He has been using the Koquillion alias so that of the Daleks (1966).[1] The role went to Australian actor Vicki would back up his story, and had hoped the planet Ray Barrett, whom Barry had seen on TV and marked would be destroyed when his version of events was given. in his book of actors he wanted to remember, and so he Just as Bennett is about to kill the Doctor, two surviv- “dug him out of the book” when the time came.[2] Bar- ing native Didonians arrive and force Bennett to his death rett played Bennett as a “normal, straight human being” over a ledge. They then stop the signal to prevent the Res- so as not to give the ending away.[2] To preserve the mys- cue Ship reaching their planet. With no living family and tery, Koquillion was credited in the first episode as being nothing left for her on Dido, Vicki is welcomed aboard played by “Sydney Wilson” — a name made up by the the TARDIS. production team in tribute to two of the creators of Doc- tor Who, Sydney Newman and Donald Wilson. This was the first instance of an alias being used in the credits in 2.3.2 Production order to conceal a plot twist in Doctor Who; the practice would be employed later on to conceal the appearance The Rescue was written as a short vehicle to introduce of villains Davros and the Master.[4] Tom Sheridan pro- Vicki as the new companion, replacing Carole Ann Ford vided the voice of the space captain and also played the (Susan) when Ford decided she wanted to leave the series, Sand Beast. He was originally scheduled to play one of and is thus more character-driven than anything that had the Didonians at the end, but for unknown reasons they [2] preceded it. Vicki was a replacement for the Doctor’s were played by two uncredited extras, John Stuart and granddaughter, Susan (Carole Ann Ford), who was the Colin Hughes.[1] first companion to leave Doctor Who; Ford was displeased with the lack of her character’s development.[2] In con- The Rescue was the first in a new production block of Doc- trast to Susan, Vicki is an Earth orphan from the future; tor Who; the first production block lasted for 52 weeks the production team considered many names from here, with one episode filmed per week, though the final two some of them odd like “Lukki” and “Tanni”.[1][2] Doc- stories, Planet of Giants and The Dalek Invasion of Earth, tor Who creator Sydney Newman told actress Maureen were held back and the first season ended early. As such, O'Brien that they were considering having her cut her hair there was a six-week break for the regular cast before [1] and dye it black. O'Brien refused, saying, “Why don't you work on The Rescue began. The Rescue used the same just get Carole Ann Ford back?"[2] production team as the following story, The Romans, and the two were combined to form a single six-episode pro- The Rescue is the first story under Dennis Spooner as duction block.[2] Model filming took place in Ealing stu- script editor, though he is not listed in the credits be- dios on 16 November 1965.[1][5] The models were made cause he had little to do since much of the job was given by an outside modelmaker called Shawcraft. As they to his predecessor David Whitaker and thus he is not 2.3. THE RESCUE 35 were not designers, Doctor Who designer Raymond Cu- of the series’ history”. While they noted there were some sick drew what he wanted the spacecraft to look like in unexplained parts of the plot, they felt that it was gen- more detail than he normally would have. He drew the erally believable and said that “Vicki actually steals the spacecraft in flight as well as it wrecked so they could show here”.[10] In 2008, Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times visualise it from the two.[2] Cusick had found a cheap described The Rescue as a “neglected gem” with a strong material he called “reeded hardboard”, which was spray- debut for Vicki and many production improvements. De- painted silver and used for the outside of the craft prop.[2] spite this, he wondered “how convincing Bennett’s mas- The design of Koquillion was based on a close-up of a querade as Koquillion was in 1965” as in the present day it fly.[1] seems “a tad obvious”.[5] DVD Talk's Stuart Galbraith felt Rehearsals for the first episode took place from 30 that the story was “quite strong” with a “smart, if somewhat predictable climax and resolution” that worked due November 1964 to 3 December, with the episode [11] recorded on 4 December. Ford visited during rehearsals to the dialogue. Den of Geek wrote that the serial was [1] only let down by its “weak and convenient resolution” and to meet O'Brien and wish her luck. Rehearsals for the [12] second episode took place from 7−10 December 1964, provided good material for the main cast. Dreamwatch gave The Rescue a score of 7 out of 10, calling it a “solid with the episode recorded on 11 December.[1] Record- enough adventure” with a slight plot but brisk pacing that ing of the first episode overran its schedule by fifteen [13] minutes.[1] The Dido temple was a large set that was lit allowed Ian and Barbara to be more heroic. in such a way to create a dark atmosphere; dark drapes and smoke were also used.[2] When shooting Vicki’s Sand Beast, Jacqueline Hill underestimated the gun’s power 2.3.4 Commercial releases and fired too soon; she was not seriously injured, though suffered shock and a sore face because it blew back in In print her face.[2][6] The sound the Sand Beast makes while dying was modelled after the “horrible noise” a dying Dalek A novelisation of this serial written by Ian Marter was made in The Daleks. To save money, the score is reused published by Target Books in August 1987. Marter died from The Daleks, which Barry had partially directed. He soon after completing the manuscript. It was subse- selected pieces from episodes one and four through seven quently edited and published, with some new material of that serial.[1] added, by Nigel Robinson, editor of the Target Books line.[14] An unabridged audio reading of the novlisation, read by O'Brien, was released by AudioGo on 1 April [15] 2.3.3 Broadcast and reception 2013.

The Rescue was broadcast on BBC1 in two weekly parts; Home media the first episode aired on 2 January 1965, with the second on 9 January. The first episode, “The Powerful En- The Rescue was released on 5 September 1994 on VHS emy”, was watched by 12 million viewers and was the with The Romans.[16] It was released on DVD on 23 eleventh most-watched programme of the week. The sec- February 2009, again with The Romans.[17] The Region ond episode, “Desperate Measures”, was watched by 13 1 release followed on 7 July 2009.[11] million viewers and was the eighth most-watched programme of the week.[1] This figure was higher than the preceding story, The Dalek Invasion of Earth, which was 2.3.5 Notes an event story.[2] Audience Appreciation Indexes were taken for both episodes and garnered 57 and 59 per cent • â Re-use of music from The Daleks. respectively.[9] On 13 December 1966, a retention order was issued that included both episodes of The Rescue to be retained by 2.3.6 References the BBC. However, both episodes were wiped, the first on 17 August 1967 and the second on 31 January 1969. [1] Richard Molesworth (compiler) (23 February 2009). The Fortunately, BBC Enterprises had retained both episodes Rescue with Information Text (DVD). The Rescue DVD: and returned them to the BBC in 1978.[1] BBC Worldwide. Paul Cornell, Martin Day, and Keith Topping wrote of [2] Barrett, Ray, Christopher Barry, Raymond Cusick, the serial in The Discontinuity Guide (1995), “As a vehicle Maureen O'Brien, William Russell, Ian McLachlan to introduce a companion, The Rescue just about works, (2009). Mounting the Rescue (DVD). Doctor Who: The [6] but it’s too inconsequential to sustain any real interest.” Rescue: BBC. In The Television Companion (1998), David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker described the story as “one of the [3] “A New Companion For Dr. Who?". Radio Times: 3. 31 best examples of character-driven drama from this period December 1964. 36 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2

[4] Gallagher, William (27 March 2012). “Doctor Who’s se- 2.4 The Romans cret history of codenames revealed”. Radio Times. Re- trieved 31 March 2013. The Romans is the fourth serial of the second season in [5] Mulkern, Patrick (7 December 2008). “Doctor Who: The the British science ﬁction television series Doctor Who, Rescue”. Radio Times. Retrieved 2 December 2012. which was ﬁrst broadcast in four weekly parts from 16 January to 6 February 1965. The story is set during the [6] Cornell, Paul; Day, Martin; Topping, Keith (1995). “The era of the Roman Empire in the reign of Nero. Rescue”. The Discontinuity Guide. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 0-426-20442-5.

[7] Shaun Lyon; et al. “The Rescue”. Outpost Gallifrey. 2.4.1 Plot Archived from the original on 31 March 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008. With the TARDIS stuck at the bottom of a cliff, the four time travellers have installed themselves in an unoccupied [8] “The Rescue”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved Roman villa. As the Doctor and Ian recline, Barbara and 30 August 2008. Vicki walk to a nearby Roman village. They are spotted by two slave traders, Didius and Sevcheria. When they [9] Sullivan, Shannon (24 March 2013). “The Rescue”.A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 30 August 2008. return to the villa the Doctor announces that he is off to Rome, some miles away, and will travel there with Vicki. [10] Howe, David J & Walker, Stephen James (1998). Doctor Later that evening Barbara and Ian, now alone, are relax- Who: The Television Companion (1st ed.). London: BBC ing when the two slavers burst in upon them. They are Books. ISBN 978-0-563-40588-7. soon overpowered and taken prisoner. Ian is sold to one slave owner, while Barbara is to be traded with another [11] Galbraith, Stuart (28 August 2009). “Doctor Who: The and sent to Rome. Rescue/The Romans”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 2 December 2012. The Doctor and Vicki are en route for Rome when they find the murdered body of a lyre player named Maximus [12] “Doctor Who: The Rescue/The Romans DVD set re- Pettulian. The Doctor is holding the man’s lyre when a view”. Den of Geek. 29 January 2009. Retrieved 2 De- centurion arrives and mistakes him for the dead man who cember 2012. is late for an engagement in Rome. The centurion ac- [13] “Doctor Who: The Rescue / The Romans”. Dreamwatch. companies them to Assisium. Once there, the centurion 17 February 2009. Archived from the original on 14 June contacts the assassin Ascaris, who killed the real Pettu- 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2012. lian, and instructs him to kill the Doctor. The Doctor overpowers the assassin and drives him away. [14] Neal, Tim. “The Rescue facts”. On Target. Retrieved 15 September 2013. The centurion has fled, and the Doctor concludes the soldier was in league with the assassin. He decides to main- [15] “Doctor Who: The Rescue (Classic Novel)". AudioGo. tain his alias as Pettulian and head to Rome. Barbara is Retrieved 1 September 2013. already there and is sold Tavius, who is highly placed in the court of the Emperor Nero. She is to be a handmaiden [16] “Doctor Who - The Rescue / The Romans (1964) (VHS) to Nero’s second wife, the Empress Poppaea Sabina. (1965)". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 5 August 2013. The Doctor and Vicki arrive at Nero’s court and en- [17] Brew, Simon (9 February 2009). “Doctor Who’s 2009 counter Tavius, who seems to imply to the Doctor that DVD Releases”. Den of Geek. Retrieved 31 March 2013. Pettulian is part of a secret network in which he is also a player. They find the body of the centurion who imper- illed them earlier. 2.3.7 External links Ian has been confined to a galley in the Mediterranean • The Rescue at BBC Online but the craft runs into rough seas and is broken up. He is washed up on the nearby shore and there is found by • The Rescue at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time another survivor of the galley, Delos. They agree to head (Travel) for Rome in search of Barbara. When they reach there they are captured by some centurions and taken to the • The Rescue at the Doctor Who Reference Guide arena to be trained as gladiators.

• Target novelisation The Rescue at On Target It becomes apparent to the Doctor that Tavius had the centurion murdered. Nero organizes a banquet in his hon- • The Rescue reviews at Outpost Gallifrey our at which he must play the lyre. He also takes a shine to Barbara much to the anger of Poppaea, who decides • The Rescue reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings to have her poisoned at the Pettulian banquet. However, Guide Vicki switches the poison goblet. Barbara has just left the 2.4. THE ROMANS 37 banquet chamber when the Doctor arrives, warning Nero Cast notes that his wine is poisoned. The Doctor picks up his lyre with the warning that only Barry Jackson later played Garvey in Galaxy 4 and those with the most sensitive and perceptive hearing will Mission to the Unknown. He also played Drax in The Ar- be able to discern its subtle melody. He then creates ab- mageddon Factor. Edward Kelsey later played Resno in solutely no sound but no-one wishes to make themselves The Power of the Daleks and Edu in The Creature from out to be philistines by not appreciating the music. Nero the Pit. Gertan Klauber later played Ola in The Macra is not convinced and decides to have Pettulian fed to the Terror. lions. At the arena Ian and Delos are set to fight each other. 2.4.3 Broadcast and reception However, they decide to fight their way out of the arena; Ian shouts to Barbara that he will be back to rescue her. The BBC’s test audience had a strong negative reaction to The Emperor calls off his soldiers, planning to have him the story, complaining that it was unrealistic, “so ridicu- killed when he returns to rescue Barbara. lous that it’s a bore”, and “suitable only for morons”.[5] The Doctor has found the architectural plans for Nero’s Despite these criticisms, many later critics have praised new Rome, and deduces that since the year is 64 AD that the story’s use of humour to contrast with the darker ele- the Emperor is planning to destroy the city. Tavius arrives ments of the piece.[6][7] and warns the Doctor that the Emperor is planning to kill On the day of episode two’s transmission, The Romans him too, advising him to complete his mission and kill was praised as “flawless” by The Times newspaper’s spe- Nero soon - Pettulian was an assassin all along. The Doc- cial correspondent on broadcasting, as part of a feature on tor and Vicki decide to leave quickly but before departing children’s television. “The strongest weapon in the BBC “accidentally” set fire to Nero’s architectural plans. Nero armoury... remains Dr Who,” wrote the reviewer. “The notices this and decides to burn down the city, thanking departure of the Daleks has broken tiny hearts all over the Doctor and deciding after all to spare his life. A rab- the country, but the new series, with Miss Jacqueline Hill ble are bribed into starting the blaze and while anarchy and Mr. William Russell in the hands of the slave traders, rages Ian is helped into the palace by Tavius, who reunites promises well. Miss Verity Lambert’s production is once him with Barbara. Under Tavius’ eye the two are allowed again flawless.”[8] to escape and make their way from Rome and back to the villa. Delos helps them get clear of the palace. The Doc- Retrospective reviews have also been positive. In a 2008 tor and Vicki also escape the city, watching it burn from a review for Radio Times, Mark Braxton praised Spooner’s nearby hill. All four leave in the TARDIS but have barely insertion of “playful” comedy into a story with dark ele- begun to travel when a strange force starts dragging the ments, noting that the story was “well-rounded and neatly ship to an unknown location. structured” even if it “may not get it exactly right”. He also praised Hartnell’s acting and his interactions with Vicki, as well as the moments between Ian and Barbara.[6] Christopher Bahn of The A.V. Club noted that the story was less interested in historical accuracy but succeeded in comedy. He particularly praised the characterisation of the Doctor and Nero, who he felt was “played to 2.4.2 Production the hilt by Francis” by balancing the character’s darker and lighter sides.[1] DVD Talk's Stuart Galbraith praised the serial for being ambitious and different, writing that The story is notable for its use of humour.[1] In episode it was “unusual for its darkly humorous tone”.[7] Den 3, the subplot involving Nero, the Doctor, and Vicki is of Geek wrote that "The Romans does comedy well” played as a farce, with the Doctor and Vicki repeatedly with “witty dialogue, character moments, slapstick, and missing Barbara in their wanderings through the palace, drama”.[9] Dreamwatch gave The Romans a score of 9 and appearing to accidentally give Nero the idea to burn out of 10, calling it a “genuine treasure” in which Hart- down Rome. An attempt to poison Barbara is played hu- nell displayed his comedic side.[10] morously, and culminates in Nero intentionally giving the poisoned wine to an annoying slave. In contrast, the subplot involving Barbara and Ian was played straight, with 2.4.4 Commercial Releases substantial dark elements. Their storyline emphasizes the brutality of Roman slavery and gladiatorial combat. In print This was the last story on which Mervyn Pinfield would serve as associate producer, although he would return A novelisation of this serial, written by Donald Cotton, to the series to direct The Space Museum and some of was published by Target Books in April 1987. It is unique Galaxy 4. among Doctor Who novelisations in that it is an epistolary 38 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2 novel, written in the form of transcripts of letters and an- 2.4.6 External links cient documents. • The Romans at BBC Online • The Romans at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Home media Time (Travel)

The Romans was released on VHS with The Rescue on 5 • The Romans at the Doctor Who Reference Guide September 1994.[11] In May 2008, its soundtrack was re- • leased on Audio CD, with linking narration by William [12] Russell. The story was released on DVD in on 23 • The Romans (TV story) on TARDIS Data Core, an [13] February 2009, again with The Rescue. The Region 1 external wiki release followed on 7 July.[7]

Reviews 2.4.5 References • The Romans reviews at Outpost Gallifrey

[1] Bahn, Christopher (30 September 2012). “The Romans”. • The Romans reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings The A.V. Club. Retrieved 16 December 2012. Guide • [2] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Romans”. Out- Past Times: The Romans Review at Nebula One post Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2008-08-30. Target novelisation

[3] “The Romans”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved • On Target — The Romans 2008-08-30.

[4] Sullivan, Shannon (2007-12-24). “The Romans”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. 2.5 The Web Planet

[5] David J Howe and Stephen James Walker (1998). The Web Planet is the fifth serial of the second season of “Extract from Doctor Who, the Television Companion". the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, episode guide on BBC website. Retrieved 2010-05-04. which was first broadcast in six weekly parts from 13 February 1965 to 20 March 1965. The serial involves [6] Braxton, Mark (14 December 2008). “Doctor Who: The the TARDIS crew landing on the desolate planet Vor- Romans”. Radio Times. Retrieved 16 December 2012. tis, and allying themselves with its former inhabitants, the Menoptra, as they struggle to win back their planet from [7] Galbraith, Stuart (28 August 2009). “Doctor Who: The the malignant Animus. Rescue/The Romans”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 16 Decem- ber 2012. 2.5.1 Plot [8] “Notes on Broadcasting - Keeping the Children Happy and Informed”. The Times. 1965-01-23. p. 5. An unknown force pulls the TARDIS off course and onto the planet Vortis. The Doctor and Ian investigate and [9] “Doctor Who: The Rescue/The Romans DVD set re- try to find the source whilst Barbara tends to a disori- view”. Den of Geek. 29 January 2009. Retrieved 16 ented Vicki who has been affected by the natural high- December 2012. frequency communications of the ant-like Zarbi monitor- ing the TARDIS. Vortis is a thin-atmosphere planet with [10] “Doctor Who: The Rescue / The Romans”. Dreamwatch. natural crag-like rock formations and what appear to be 17 February 2009. Archived from the original on 14 June pools of acid. The Doctor recognises the planet from the 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2012. remains of a dead grub-like creature; however, he is puz- zled by the presence of moons around what should nor- [11] “Doctor Who - The Rescue / The Romans (1964) (VHS) mally be a moonless planet. (1965)". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 5 August 2013. Meanwhile, inside the ship, Barbara is influenced by an [12] “Doctor Who: The Romans”. Big Finish Productions. unknown force through her gold bracelet. This force mes- Retrieved 23 November 2012. merises her and draws her outside, leaving Vicki alone in the untended TARDIS. The TARDIS begins sliding [13] Brew, Simon (9 February 2009). “Doctor Who’s 2009 across the planet’s surface, apparently being pulled by an DVD Releases”. Den of Geek. Retrieved 31 March 2013. unseen force. In her trance, Barbara walks into a trio 2.5. THE WEB PLANET 39 of butterfly-like Menoptra – all that remains of a recon- Meanwhile, the Doctor works out that the Animus uses naissance force sent to prepare the way for an invasion gold as a conductor to channel a mesmerising force. He spearhead. They free her of the trance by removing her counteracts this force and then uses the hidden power of bracelet, and then debate what to do with her. Barbara es- his ring to control one of the Zarbi. The Doctor escapes capes; however, she is immediately captured by the Zarbi with Vicki and his captive Zarbi, and meets up with Bar- and brainwashed through the use of a gold neck-harness. bara and the Menoptra. They all devise a plan to attack The Zarbi take her back to the Menoptra, killing one and the Carsinome, with the Menoptra acting as a diversion- capturing another, whilst the third escapes. The Zarbi ary force whilst the Doctor and Vicki try to reach the An- take Barbara and a Menoptra called Hrostar to the Crater imus with the Isop-tope device, a living-cell destructor. of Needles, where they are forced to gather vegetation The Doctor and Vicki make their way back to the Carsi- and drop it into rivers of acid, thereby feeding the central nome, where they are taken to the centre to see the An- force of the Zarbi, called the Animus. imus, a great spider-like creature. Here they are mes- The Doctor and Ian, having discovered the theft of the merised and made helpless by the Animus. Meanwhile, TARDIS and a trail leading away, begin tracking it. They Barbara and the Menoptra attack the Carsinome from the are captured by the Zarbi and are taken to the Carsi- outside, using the Doctor’s ring to control a Larvae Gun, nome, where they find Vicki and the TARDIS. There the Zarbi’s living weapon. At the same time, Ian, Vrestin they indirectly meet the Animus, who talks to the Doctor and the Optera try to dig their way to the Animus from through what appears to be a mental communications de- below. They all make it to the centre and to the Animus vice. The Animus forces the Doctor to help it track down where, with a singular act of willpower, Barbara manages the Menoptra invasion spearhead and the following main to use the Isop-tope device on the Animus, destroying it. invasion force of the Menoptra. Ian escapes, whilst the In the end, with the Zarbi free from the control of the An- Doctor, who has already worked out the invasion plans of imus and the Menoptra and Optera free to live on Vortis, the Menoptra, and Vicki try to bide their time. the Doctor, Ian, Barbara and Vicki leave in the TARDIS. Ian, trying to find Barbara, meets with a Menoptra called Vrestin, the only escapee of the Zarbi ambush. He learns from Vrestin that the Menoptra were native to the planet 2.5.2 Production Vortis along with the Zarbi, until a great evil force, the Animus, slowly and gradually took control of the planet The story had the working title of The Webbed Planet. through the mindless Zarbi. By the time the Menoptra Episode six was initially titled “Centre Of Terror”. The had noticed this it was too late, and they had to flee the novelisation restores this title for the sixth chapter. planet. The Menoptra fled to the moons that had been Jacqueline Hill was not written into “Escape To Danger”, pulled into orbit around Vortis by the great evil force of in order to give her a week of holiday. She was not cred- the Animus – the same force that had pulled the TARDIS ited on the episode. She requested that the credits be off course. The Zarbi soon locate Ian and Vrestin, but amended for overseas sales, but this did not happen.[1] they manage to escape by falling down into an under- Daphne Dare created the unique costumes for the varied ground tunnel, where they meet the Optera. Ian soon alien species. realises that the Optera are descendants of the Menop- tra, who had fled underground. The Optera had lost their wings through the generations and consider the Menop- Cast notes tra as gods, although they don't recognise Vrestin as a Menoptra. Ian and Vrestin convince the Optera to join Noted choreographer Roslyn de Winter was hired to cre- them in fighting the Animus. ate the distinctive movements and stilted speech of the Back in the Carsinome, the Doctor accidentally releases Menoptra. She was so successful that the production a bit of information about the Menoptra invasion force, team asked her to take on the role of the Menoptra Vrestin particularly that the spearhead plans to land at Sayo (which she accepted). Plateau just north of the Crater of Needles. The Animus This serial marked the television debut of Martin Jarvis. uses this information to ambush the spearhead. Barbara He later appeared as Butler in Invasion of the Dinosaurs and Hroster escape from the Crater of Needles and try to and as the Governor of Varos in Vengeance on Varos. meet up with the spearhead and also to warn them of the ineffectiveness of their weapons against the Zarbi. They fail to convince the spearhead force of the uselessness of 2.5.3 Broadcast and reception the weapons, and the spearhead Menoptra are massacred by the Zarbi forces. Only a few survive and manage to The first episode of the serial was watched by 13.5 million hide in one of the Menoptra’s old temples. There they viewers, the highest number for any Doctor Who episode try, without success, to radio the main force and warn in the 1960s. them that their weapons are useless against the Zarbi. Believed lost in the BBC’s early 1970s purge, negative film prints of all six episodes were recovered from BBC 40 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2

Enterprises in the late 1970s. Unedited prints of all six 2.5.5 References episodes were also discovered in Nigeria in 1984. The BBC holds two different versions of episode six; one in [1] Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James which the “Next Episode” caption referred to “The Lion” (1994). Doctor Who The Handbook - The First Doctor. and the other with the caption naming "The Space Mu- London: Doctor Who Books. p. 92. ISBN 0-426-20430- seum", which was the only story still available for sale by 1. the BBC in 1974. (The different caption is not due to The [2] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Web Planet”. Crusade being withheld from sale to Arab countries as is Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 18 June commonly thought, since the package of serials sold to 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-30. Arabic countries did not extend beyond The Rescue.)[5] In 2008, Mark Braxton of Radio Times acknowledged the [3] “The Web Planet”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- effort put into the costumes and “superbly atmospheric” trieved 2008-08-30. sets, despite the fact they did not hold up well. He felt [4] Sullivan, Shannon (2005-07-03). “The Web Planet”.A that the story had an “almost total absence of excitement” Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. and might not even work as a four-parter, but it did have [6] ambition and a deeper meaning about good versus evil. [5] Molesworth, Richard (2010). Wiped! Doctor Who’s Miss- Neela Debnath of The Independent stated that The Web ing Episodes. Telos Publishing Ltd. pp. 316, 419. ISBN Planet was “enjoyable” with ambitious writing that “lacks 978-1-84583-037-3. impact given the poor quality of the visuals”.[7] Den of Geek named The Web Planet as one of the ten most un- [6] Braxton, Mark (21 December 2008). “Doctor Who: The derrated classic Doctor Who serials, noting that it “is a Web Planet”. Radio Times. Retrieved 20 December 2012. joy for being so different" even if “the ambition might outstrip the execution”.[8] Paul Cornell, Martin Day and [7] Debnath, Neela (28 February 2012). “Review of Doctor Who ‘The Web Planet’ (Series 2)". The Independent. Re- Keith Topping said the story was “Imaginative, ambitious, trieved 20 January 2013. and, by modern standards, slow and silly looking. It’s hard to judge a story that, at the time, was astonishing but has [8] “Ten Under-rated Classic Doctor Who Stories”. Den of aged so badly.” They nevertheless said “You've got to ap- Geek. 6 July 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2012. preciate lofty ambitions.”[9] [9] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ webplanet/detail.shtml

2.5.4 Commercial Releases 2.5.6 External links In print • The Web Planet at BBC Online

The serial was the second to be novelised by the pub- • The Web Planet at Doctor Who: A Brief History of lisher Frederick Muller. It was written by Bill Strutton Time (Travel) under the title Doctor Who and the Zarbi in 1965. In 1973 Target Books acquired the rights to the novelisation and • The Web Planet at the Doctor Who Reference Guide reprinted it as one of the ﬁrst in their long-running series of Doctor Who novelisations, although when the imprint • Doctor Who Appreciation Society interview with began numbering the books in the series, The Zarbi was Verity Lambert about producing The Web Planet listed as Number 73 in the series. A Dutch translation was published in the Netherlands in 1974, and a Portuguese Reviews one in 1983. In 2005 the novel was also issued by BBC Audio as part • The Web Planet reviews at Outpost Gallifrey of the Doctor Who: Travels in Time and Space audio book collectors’ tin, read by William Russell. • The Web Planet reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide

Home media Target novelisation

The Web Planet was released on a double VHS in 1990. • Doctor Who and the Zarbi reviews at The Doctor In North America it was released as a single VHS. It was Who Ratings Guide released on DVD on 3 October 2005 in the United King- dom. • On Target — Doctor Who and the Zarbi 2.6. THE CRUSADE 41

2.6 The Crusade Ian, after delivering his message to Saladin, asks leave to continue to search for Barbara, which Saladin grants. During his search Ian is attacked by bandits and knocked The Crusade is the partly missing sixth serial of the out. When he claims to have no money, one of the ban- second season in the British science fiction television se- dits, Ibrahim, ties him down with stakes in the hot sun and ries Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly daubs him with honey. He tells Ian the ants will loosen parts from 27 March to 17 April 1965. The story is his purse strings. set near Jerusalem, in Palestine, during the Third Cru- sade. Only two of the four episodes are held in the BBC Barbara is kidnapped by El Akir and taken to his domin- archives; two remain missing. ion, but manages to escape, and is taken in by Haroun ed- Din, who defeats a guard looking for her. He is sympathetic because El Akir killed his wife and kidnapped his daughter, and now Haroun is looking for revenge. Haroun 2.6.1 Plot leaves to attack El Akir, but is knocked out by soldiers. They go to Haroun’s house, recapture Barbara, and bring The TARDIS materialises in 12th century Palestine, dur- her to El Akir. El Akir taunts Barbara with threats of ing the time of the Third Crusade. When the Doctor, death, but she once again manages to escape, this time Ian, Barbara, and Vicki emerge, they find themselves in hiding out in the Emir’s harem. El Akir tries to find Bar- the middle of a Saracen ambush. In the confusion, Bar- bara, but she is hidden by a sympathetic harem girl. bara is seized by a Saracen from behind, while the rest of Ian eventually tricks Ibrahim into untying his feet, and the TARDIS crew stop the attackers from killing William overpowers him. Ian convinces the bandit to accompany de Tornebu, an associate of King Richard. They realise him to Lydda and aid him in his quest for Barbara. Mean- Barbara is missing, but she has been gagged and is be- while, Barbara convinces the harem girl, Maimuna, to ing tied up by the Saracens. William des Preaux, another help her get out of the castle. It turns out Maimuna is companion of the king, is also captured by Saracens and Haroun’s long lost daughter and, when she finds out her pretends to be Richard in order to protect him. The Doc- father is still alive, joyfully agrees to help. Before they tor, Ian, and Vicki agree to take the wounded de Tornebu can do so, another harem girl, Fatima, betrays them and back to Richard’s court, but first must steal clothes from El Akir bursts in on the two women. the market in order to blend in. They call Barbara’s name, but though she can hear them, she is unable to cry out and El Akir is about to attack Barbara when Haroun arrives is taken away by the Saracens. in the nick of time and fatally stabs El Akir. Fatima screams, and two guards burst in. Ian arrives, and he and Meanwhile, des Preaux and Barbara are presented to Sal- Haroun subdue the guards. Haroun and Maimuna are re- adin’s brother Saphadin by El Akir, who mistakenly be- united, and Barbara and Ian head for the TARDIS. lieves them to be King Richard and his sister Lady Joanna. When des Preaux reveals their true identity, El Akir is fu- The Doctor, who has been trying not to get caught up in rious but, before he can act, Saladin emerges from hiding court politics, attempts to make a break for the TARDIS. and prevents any violence from occurring. Saladin is in- He is caught by the Earl of Leicester, who thinks the Doc- trigued by Barbara, who tells tales of having met Nero, tor is a spy for Saladin. He sentences the Doctor to death. and tells her she can become the new Scheherazade. Ian arrives and, presenting himself as “Sir Ian of Jaffa,” tells Leicester that the Doctor is a spy and that he is here The disguised Doctor and company bring the injured de to carry out the execution. The Doctor plays along and Tornebu to the King’s court. They are met by Richard, asks for one last chance to see Jaffa before he dies. Le- who witnessed their fight during the ambuscade. The icester agrees, and the Doctor is able to sneak away to the King, however, is in a foul mood, and treats the TARDIS TARDIS with the rest of the crew and leave. When Le- crew very curtly. Ian, anxious to rescue Barbara, asks for icester and his knights see the TARDIS vanish, they agree the King’s help in rescuing her, but the irritated monarch to keep the story quiet, so as not to look like fools. tells Ian that Barbara can remain with Saladin until her death. On board the TARDIS, the crew enjoy a good laugh over their escape. As the TARDIS prepares to land, the power De Tornebu and the Doctor are able to convince the King fails and all the interior lights dim. The crew freeze into to change his mind by playing up the embarrassment Sal- immobility. adin will feel when it’s revealed he has not actually captured the King. Richard is amused, and asks the Doctor to join his court. Ian is knighted “Sir Ian of Jaffa” so that he may serve as a proper emissary, and is sent to Sal- Continuity adin’s court to both request the release of des Preaux and Barbara, and to offer the hand of the real Lady Joanna Barbara tells Saladin of the travellers’ recent adventures in marriage to Saphadin in order to create peace. When on an alien world ruled by insects ("The Web Planet"), in Joanna learns of these plans, she is infuriated, and tells Rome at the time of Emperor Nero ("The Romans") and her brother she will not consent. in England a thousand years in the future ("The Dalek 42 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2

Invasion of Earth"). portrayed as calculating but compassionate, while King Richard I is portrayed as volatile and at times childish. A different version of the final episode of the previ- 2.6.2 Production ous story The Web Planet featured a caption with “Next Week: The Space Museum” instead of “Next Week: The Missing episodes Lion.” This alternative end tag was on the version of The Web Planet recovered from Nigeria.[7] Copies of the four episodes were believed lost in the mass junking of episodes in the 1970s, with BBC Enterprises In 2008, Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times wrote that The junking their copies. The BBC Film Library retained a Crusade was “arguably the first story where every aspect copy of “The Wheel of Fortune”[1] that it had acciden- of the production works to perfection”. He praised the tally acquired, but a copy of “The Lion” had been junked way the TARDIS crew was broken up - allowing them from the library by 1972. In 1999, a film copy of “The to see both sides of the Crusades - and the “classy guest Lion” was discovered by Neil Lambess and Paul Scoones cast”, where “Walter Randall’s El Akir is the most sinister [3] in the collection of Bruce Grenville, a film collector in character in the series to date”. New Zealand; the New Zealand Broadcasting Corpora- tion had acquired the story in 1960s, but did not transmit it. The story had been thought to be one of the very few 2.6.4 Commercial Releases for which no off-air soundtrack was known to exist, until copies were located in 1995. In print

The first episode of the subsequent story, The Space Mu- This serial was the third and final story to be novelised by seum, begins with a brief clip of the finale of Episode Frederick Muller publishers. Written by David Whitaker 4, “The Warlords”, where the time-travellers stand in pe- as Doctor Who and the Crusaders, it was first published riod costume round the TARDIS console, literally frozen in 1966[8] and was the last novelisation published until in time (it is confirmed as a clip rather than a restaged 1973 when Target Books launched its long-running line scene by an off-camera cough on the soundtracks to both of episode adaptations, beginning with reprints of this “The Warlords” and The Space Museum). This is the only and the preceding two novels. There have been French, known surviving footage from the final episode. Dutch and Portuguese editions. As with Whitaker’s first novelisation, the story is con- Cast notes verted into a stand-alone novel with a lengthy prologue in the TARDIS where the travellers discuss the paradoxes See also: List of guest appearances in Doctor Who of their journeys and time travel. The pointlessness of a religious war is also emphasised more. In episode 3, William Russell appears only in a pre-filmed Once again, Whitaker plays up the romantic potential insert as he was on holiday.[2] Julian Glover was cast by of Ian and Barbara and includes a graphic passage of Douglas Camfield to play King Richard I. Glover would Barbara being scourged. For some reason the name of return to Doctor Who to play Scaroth in City of Death. Susan’s husband has changed from David Campbell to Jean Marsh, who played Princess Joanna, would play Sara David Cameron. Kingdom in The Daleks’ Master Plan and Morgaine in In 2005 the novel was also issued by BBC Audio as part Battlefield. Marsh was married to Third Doctor actor Jon of the Doctor Who: Travels in Time and Space audio book Pertwee from 1955 to 1960. collectors’ tin, read by William Russell. Bernard Kay had appeared in The Dalek Invasion of The script of this serial, edited by John McElroy and titled [3] Earth. He would later appear in two more serials, The The Crusade, was published by Titan Books in November Faceless Ones and Colony in Space. Roger Avon later 1994. It was the tenth in that publisher’s series of Doctor played Daxtar in The Daleks’ Master Plan. Tony Caunter Who script books, following Galaxy 4. At the time that later played Morgan in Colony in Space and Jackson in the book was prepared, the BBC archives held only one Enlightenment. Tutte Lemkow previously played Kuiju episode of The Crusade on video (The Wheel of Fortune) in Marco Polo and would appear again as Cyclops in The and no audio recordings.[9] Myth Makers. Gábor Baraker had also appeared in Marco Polo (as Wang-Lo). Home media

2.6.3 Broadcast and reception In 1991, “The Wheel of Fortune”, then the only episode known extant, was released on VHS as part of The Hart- This story has been noted for its treatment of the two nell Years (BBCV 4608), presented by Seventh Doctor, opposing leaders. Saladin (played by Bernard Kay) is Sylvester McCoy, with McCoy giving a brief 're-cap' of 2.7. THE SPACE MUSEUM 43

events before and after the segment, with additional in- 2.6.6 External links formation concerning its 'lost' companions. • The Crusade at BBC Online As part of The Crusade and The Space Museum VHS box set (BBCV 6805/6888) in 1999 a version of episodes 1 • The Crusade photonovel at BBC Online and 3, with the events of Episodes 2 and 4 related by William Russell in character as an aged Ian Chesterton, • The Crusade at Doctor Who: A Brief History of was released in a special presentation package. A com- Time (Travel) pact disc of the other two episodes’ soundtracks was also included. The 'scripted' passages, to ﬁll the gaps be- • The Crusade at the Doctor Who Reference Guide tween the missing episodes and the following storyline • The Lion’s Tale, by Paul Scoones (Time Space Visu- were written by Stephen Cole, with additional continu- aliser issue 57, January 1999) ity snippets by Ian Levine. An audio-only version of this story, with narration again by Russell, was released as a two-CD set in 2005 in The Lost TV Episodes Collection Reviews One 1964/1965. The two extant episodes and the two soundtracks for The Crusade were again released as part • The Crusade reviews at Outpost Gallifrey of the Lost in Time DVD (BBCDVD 1353) collection of restored episodes and clips in 2004, with Russell’s sec- • The Crusade reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings tions as an extra when “Play All” is selected on disc one. Guide Notably, while most of the episodes in the set were given a new transfer directly from their ﬁlm prints for restoration, Target novelisation “The Lion” was not as the existing print was very heavily damaged and putting the print through the telecine pro- • Doctor Who and the Crusaders reviews at The Doc- cess was seen as an undesirable risk. Therefore, the 1999 tor Who Ratings Guide transfer was used as the basis of restoration work. “The Lion” did not undergo the VidFIRE process, while “The • On Target — Doctor Who and the Crusaders Wheel of Fortune” and all other episodes in the set did.

2.7 The Space Museum 2.6.5 References

[1] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/photonovels/ “Space Museum” redirects here. For the museum in crusade/intro.shtml Hong Kong, see Hong Kong Space Museum.

[2] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ The Space Museum is the seventh serial of the sec- crusade/detail.shtml ond season in the British science ﬁction television series Doctor Who, which was ﬁrst broadcast in four weekly [3] Mulkern, Patrick (28 December 2008). “Doctor Who: parts from 24 April to 15 May 1965. The story is set on The Crusade”. Radio Times. Retrieved 21 December 2012. the planet Xeros, a subjugated planet in the Morok Em- pire, now home to a vast museum and a young, rebellious [4] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Crusade”. Out- population. post Gallifrey. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

[5] “The Crusade”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved 2.7.1 Plot 2008-08-30. The TARDIS arrives near a vast Space Museum on the [6] Sullivan, Shannon (2006-05-10). “The Crusade”. A Brief planet Xeros, but has jumped a time-track. The First History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. Doctor, Ian Chesterton, Barbara Wright and Vicki have a series of bizarre experiences as they venture outside [7] Molesworth, Richard (2010). Wiped! Doctor Who’s Miss- and into the Museum – not least that they see but can- ing Episodes. Telos Publishing Ltd. p. 419. ISBN 978-1- not be seen by the militaristic Moroks who run the mu- 84583-037-3. seum, or the servile indigenous Xerons who work for [8] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/photonovels/ them. The museum contains fascinating exhibits, includ- crusade/intro.shtml ing a Dalek shell, but the most worrying is the four travellers themselves encased and on display. Quite soon af- [9] Whitaker, David (November 1994). McElroy, John, ed. terward the time track slips back and, though the exhibits Doctor Who - The Scripts: The Crusade. London: Titan of the TARDIS and the four travellers vanish, they still Books. pp. 4, 7–8. ISBN 1-85286-564-4. ﬁnd themselves inside the Museum. 44 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2

The head of the Moroks, Lobos, is a bored and desper- many implausibilities. However, he felt that the serial ate museum administrator and colony governor, who re- showcased Vicki’s “vibrant” character and the Dalek joke flects sourly that the glories of the Morok Empire are past. was “one of the few elements that make this rather te- Like Rome, the Empire became decadent and then de- dious traipse memorable”.[4] Reviewing the DVD re- clined. The Moroks have found the TARDIS and now lease, SFX ' s Nick Setchfield described The Space Mu- start tracking down the occupants who have, as usual, be- seum as offering a “killingly dull environment in which come separated. The Doctor is the first to be found, but to stage an unengaging take on Who's eternal 'rebels vs evades their interrogation tactics. despots’ formula”, despite the “lovely fourth-dimensional weirdness” of the first episode and the “refreshing” Mo- Meanwhile, Vicki has made contact with the Xerons and, [5] hearing of their enslavement, aids them in their plans to roks who were reminiscent of Douglas Adams' work. Jonathan Wilkins of Dreamwatch also called the first stage a revolution. They attack the Morok armoury and Vicki outwits its controlling computer. With their new episode “great” and the rest “dull, bog-standard Who" which were “not terrible but ... not terribly exciting ei- weapons, the Xerons are able to begin a revolution, which slowly takes hold. ther, as it plods rather than races towards a deeply unsat- isfactory climax”.[6] Ian has meanwhile freed the Doctor from Lobos, who had begun the process of freezing him and turning him into Graham Kibble-White, writing for Doctor Who Maga- an exhibit. Ian and the Doctor are quickly recaptured by zine, said that the first episode falsely set the audience up the Morok guards, and Barbara and Vicki are captured for “three more weeks of high-concept plotting”, when shortly thereafter. With all four held prisoner in the Mu- in fact the Doctor dismissed the time travel problems and the rest was “dreary” except for some of Hartnell’s seum, it looks like the time track prediction of their future [7] as museum exhibits will soon be realised after all. charm. DVD Talk's John Sinnott was more positive towards the story, writing, “there were a lot of great plot Help comes from the Xeron revolutionaries, who kill Lo- points that served to keep viewers guessing, and some bos and the other Morok captors. The Xerons then go subtle comedy that really added a lot to the whole show”. about destroying the hated Museum as the TARDIS crew He also complemented the light touches of humour.[8] In slips away. They take with them a time/space visualiser as 2010, io9's Charlie Jane Anders listed the cliffhanger of a souvenir. On the planet Skaro, their departure is noted the first episode as among the best in the programme.[9] by the Daleks. 2.7.4 Commercial releases 2.7.2 Production In print Episode 1 begins with a brief reprise of The Crusade episode 4, which is currently the only surviving film A novelisation of this serial, written by Glyn Jones, was footage of that episode. published by Target Books in January 1987.

Cast notes Home media

William Hartnell was on holiday during the recording of This story was released alongside the surviving episodes episode 3. Thus, he is only seen in the reprise of episode of The Crusade on VHS in 1999. The audio soundtrack 2. was released with narration from Maureen O'Brien on CD in May 2009.[10] It was released on DVD in a box set with This story features a guest appearance by Jeremy Bulloch The Chase on 1 March 2010. - see also Celebrity appearances in Doctor Who. Bul- loch later played Hal in The Time Warrior. Ivor Salter later played Odysseus in The Myth Makers and Sergeant 2.7.5 References Markham in Black Orchid. Peter Craze is the younger brother of Michael Craze, who played companion Ben [1] Shaun Lyon; et al. (31 March 2007). “The Space Mu- Jackson from 1966 to 1967. Peter later played Du Pont seum”. Outpost Gallifrey. Retrieved 30 August 2008. in The War Games and Costa in Nightmare of Eden. [2] “The Space Museum”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved 30 August 2008. 2.7.3 Broadcast and reception [3] Sullivan, Shannon (9 April 2005). “The Space Museum”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 30 August In 2009, Mark Braxton of Radio Times noted that The 2008. Space Museum “kicks oﬀ so well”, but did not take the [4] Braxton, Mark (7 January 2009). “Doctor Who: The opportunity to discuss ideas such as predestination and Space Museum”. Radio Times. Retrieved 21 December also boasted a predictable, “poorly acted” conﬂict and 2012. 2.8. THE CHASE 45

[5] Setchfield, Nick (3 March 2010). “DVD Review Doctor 2.8.1 Plot Who: The Space Museum/The Chase”. SFX. Retrieved 21 December 2012. In the TARDIS, the four travellers are huddling around [6] Wilkins, Jonathan (2 March 2010). “Doctor Who: The the Time-Space Visualiser, a television-like souvenir Space Museum/The Chase”. Dreamwatch. Archived from their recent adventure at the Space Museum, which from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 21 can pick up on any past event in the whole of time and December 2012. space. The TARDIS then lands, and the Doctor confirms that the conditions are hospitable. Ian and Vicki leave to [7] Kibble-White, Graham (1 April 2010). “DVD review: explore the desert wilderness. They find an ancient trap The Space Museum/TheChase”. Doctor Who Magazine door in the sand. Inside, they are trapped — and become (Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent: Panini Comics) (420). haunted by hostile tentacle creatures called Mire Beasts.

[8] Sinnott, John (21 August 2010). “Doctor Who: The Meanwhile, the Doctor and Barbara are sunbathing. But Space Museum/The Chase”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 21 they see on the 'Visualiser' a “broadcast” of the Daleks December 2012. preparing to give a report. The Daleks’ plan to follow “the enemy time machine” (the TARDIS) to the Sagarro [9] Anders, Charlie Jane (31 August 2010). “Greatest Doctor Desert on the planet Aridius. The Daleks plan to take the Who cliffhangers of all time!". io9. Retrieved 21 Decem- TARDIS, find the Doctor and his companions, and exter- ber 2012. minate them. The Doctor and Barbara watch the Incur- sion Squad embark and dematerialise. The Doctor im- [10] “Doctor Who: The Space Museum (TV Soundtrack)". Big Finish Productions. Retrieved 23 November 2012. mediately realises that these events happened in the past — the Daleks may already be here. They must find Ian and Vicki and leave immediately. 2.7.6 External links After a sandstormy night the Doctor and Barbara see the Daleks emerging from the sands. The Daleks cannot find • The Space Museum at BBC Online the time travellers, but they do locate the TARDIS under the sand and begin to have it dug out by a group of na- • The Space Museum at Doctor Who: A Brief History tive Aridians, whom they have enslaved. The slave force of Time (Travel) is exterminated when they are of no further value. The Doctor and Barbara are saved by other amphibious hu- • The Space Museum at the Doctor Who Reference manoid Aridians. The Aridians also find Vicki and Ian, Guide who were injured when a wall collapsed in an explosion used to kill the Mire Beasts that were threatening them. The Mire Beasts soon reappear, killing the Aridian Mal- Reviews san who was holding the party prisoner in preparation for the handover. The Doctor and his friends flee in the con- • The Space Museum reviews at Outpost Gallifrey fusion and manage to evade a Dalek scout and get back to the TARDIS. • The Space Museum reviews at The Doctor Who Rat- ings Guide There now follows a chase through time and space, with the Dalek vessel determined to track down and exterminate the Doctor and his friends. The Daleks are but fifteen Target novelisation minutes behind and the gap is closing. The first stop is the top of the Empire State Building in New York in 1966. • On Target — The Space Museum The Doctor then reaches the Atlantic Ocean and boards the sailing ship Mary Celeste. The crew ventures outside and are mistaken for stowaways. They sneak away in the TARDIS as the crew searches the ship for them. Soon the 2.8 The Chase Daleks arrive and the frightened crew abandons ship, all jumping overboard. The next point of landing is a mys- The Chase is the eighth serial of the second season in terious old house where both Dracula and Frankenstein's the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, monster have come alive. These terrors stalk the build- which was first broadcast in six weekly parts from 22 May ing but also attack the Incursion Squad when they arrive. to 26 June 1965. The story is set on multiple locations in- In the confusion to depart, the Doctor, Ian and Barbara cluding the Mary Celeste, the Empire State Building, and leave Vicki behind, never realising they have simply been the planet Aridius. The serial marks the last appearance visiting a futuristic theme attraction called the Festival of of William Russell and Jacqueline Hill as companions Ian Ghana, in 1996. The Daleks are repelled back into their Chesterton and Barbara Wright and the introduction of vessel by the monsters (who are in fact robots), and Vicki Peter Purves as new companion Steven Taylor. stows away aboard the Dalek ship. She travels in it to the 46 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2

jungle world of Mechanus, where the Doctor’s TARDIS story that the Daleks have the power of flight; they are has already landed. seen moving on two levels of the Mary Celeste,[3] and the On the Dalek ship, Vicki witnesses the Daleks’ Replica- cliffhanger to the first episode shows a Dalek that has been tor machine in action: an android replica of the Doctor buried in sand free itself by rising vertically. It would not be until Revelation of the Daleks in 1985 that a Dalek is produced and is programmed to kill the original Doc- [4] tor and his companions. When the Dalek ship arrives on would actually be shown airborne. Mechanus, the robot killer is dispatched. The jungle is This is one of the few Dalek stories to incorporate hu- also hostile, with large fungoid plants, which attack humour, and is the only story to attempt comical perfor- mans and only retreat when exposed to light. After a mances from the Daleks, including a Dalek coughing as while the four travellers are reunited but the robot Doc- it emerges from the sand on Aridius, a stammering Dalek tor also appears. Both Doctors claim to be real one and a who cannot do simple mental arithmetic, three Daleks us- fight ensues between Ian and the real Doctor. The robot ing their eyestalks to nod in agreement, a Dalek shouting Doctor mistakenly calls Vicki by the name of Susan. Bar- 'Yarrgh!' as it tumbles off the Mary Celeste, and a Dalek bara realises the mistake and yells at Ian that this is the getting annoyed with its subordinate.[5] When Ian asks to robot. The real Doctor disables it with his stick. use Barbara’s cardigan in Episode 2, she sighs and says, “Not again.” The companions had unravelled another of The next morning, the Doctor notices that there is a vast [6] metal city over the jungle, and they all decide to venture her cardigans in The Space Museum. into the structure. Within moments, robot Mechonoids William Shakespeare and Queen Elizabeth I both reap- arrive and capture them, taking them into the city. There pear in the Tenth Doctor episode "The Shakespeare they are locked in a cage-like room with a dishevelled Code".[7] The Daleks return to the Empire State Build- man named Steven Taylor, an astronaut from Earth who ing in the Tenth Doctor episodes "Daleks in Manhat- crash-landed on the planet two years earlier and has been tan"/"Evolution of the Daleks".[8] In Doctor Who Con- kept as a prisoner by the Mechonoids since then. The fidential, Russell T Davies comments that he likes to Daleks now attack the city, so it is time for action. The imagine that they stored the Empire State Building in Doctor and his party and Steven manage to escape from their memory banks and returned there deliberately as a the city down some cables, while the Mechonoids and result.[9] Daleks become involved in a pitched battle which devas- The Big Finish Productions Bernice Summerfield audio tates both sides as well as the building. The four compan- adventure, The Grel Escape, is a spoof of this story.[10] ions flee to safety but are separated from Steven, whom Another Big Finish story, The Juggernauts features the they presume to have been killed. Sixth Doctor having to deal with resurrected Mechanoids. They find the deserted Dalek time machine and persuade This story also features the Daleks. the Doctor to show Ian how to operate it. After a tearful farewell, Ian and Barbara return to their own planet at last — and almost to their own time, being two years out 2.8.2 Production in London of 1965. The machine is destroyed using the auto-destruct mechanism once Barbara and Ian are out of Terry Nation’s original title for this story was The Pur- it. suers. There were several changes made from his original proposal in the finished serial. In the original storyline, the TARDIS crew would witness on the visualiser Shake- Continuity speare discussing with his wife the possibility of allowing Francis Bacon to use his name on Bacon’s plays, as well It is not explained how, in this story, the Daleks know as a speech by Winston Churchill; Ian and Vicki would of the Doctor, his companions, and the TARDIS, nor see through the sands the vast underground Aridian city; the specific reason for the execution mission. How- and Ian and Barbara would not return home to Earth at ever, their robot duplicate believes the Doctor’s com- the end of the serial.[11] panions to be Ian, Barbara and Susan, indicating that they have knowledge of the events of the previous story, Some of the Daleks appearing in this serial were created The Dalek Invasion of Earth, but not subsequent stories by Shawcraft Models for the Dr. Who and the Daleks (such as The Daleks’ Master Plan). This is the first story film in 1965. Although the plan had been to refurbish in which Daleks sport solar panels around their midsec- them to resemble the television Daleks, this proved to be impractical, and the three hired Daleks were used only tions, thus making them energy-independent; this feature [12] would remain throughout the rest of the show’s history in the background of shots. As The Chase was broad- until the New Paradigm Daleks introduced in "Victory of cast before the movie was released, this marks the first the Daleks". In The Dalek Invasion of Earth, the Daleks appearance of the movie Daleks. used dishes to receive energy from a central antenna,[1] The shots of Ian and Barbara on Earth in the final and in The Daleks, they drew static electricity from the episode were made during shooting for the next story, The metal floors of their city.[2] It is strongly implied in this Time Meddler, and were directed by that serial’s director, 2.8. THE CHASE 47

Douglas Camfield.[5] way of logic or good taste”. He acknowledged the “tacky The clip of The Beatles singing "Ticket to Ride" is from entertainment” but wrote that “it’s crushing to realise that this is the show that gave us the masterly "An Unearthly the 15 April 1965 episode of Top of the Pops. In sub- [21] sequent years the recording of the original performance Child" a mere two years before. Writing for Doctor was junked, along with many complete episodes of Top Who Magazine, Graham Kibble-White disagreed with of the Pops and Doctor Who itself. The Chase avoided the Mulkern’s opinion of the Daleks, believing that the com- BBC’s archive purge, and as a consequence the short ex- edy undermined them. He also wrote that the serial “suf- tract of “Ticket to Ride” remains the only footage of The fers from structural oddities”, as well as the unconvinc- ing double Doctor. However, Kibble-White praised the Beatles performing on Top of the Pops. Mechonoids and the TARDIS crew, feeling that Ian and Barbara’s departure “positively negates the preceding six Cast notes episodes of tom-guffery”.[22] Both the premise of “Jour- ney into Terror” and the Doctor duplicate were listed in Hugh Walters later played Runcible in The Deadly Assas- SFX ' s“Doctor Who’s 25 Silliest Moments”.[23] sin and Vogel in Revelation of the Daleks. He also played The Chase has received some positive reviews. DVD Roderick Allingham in the audio play The Fearmonger. Talk's John Sinnott praised the serial, writing that the Dennis Chinnery later played Gharman in Genesis of the story’s unusual structure was to its benefit.[24] Jonathan Daleks and Sylvest in The Twin Dilemma.[13] Roger Ham- Wilkins of Dreamwatch likened the serial to pop art and mond later played Dr. Runciman in Mawdryn Undead felt that “only an utter grouch could dislike a Doctor Who and Harold Withers in the audio play The Eternal Sum- story as zany and iconic as The Chase". He highlighted mer. the character work concerning Ian and Barbara and the Morton Dill, the young man from Alabama whom the “sense of epic science fiction that is only slightly betrayed travellers meet at the top of the Empire State Building,[3] by the ever-present problems of budget”.[25] In 2012, SFX was played by Peter Purves, who would appear in the last ' sWill Salmon listed the departure of Ian and Barbara as episode as Steven Taylor.[14] Earlier drafts of the story the eighth best companion departure.[26] used the names “Bruck” and “Michael” for the character of the captured astronaut, before settling on “Steven”.[12] The story also features The Beatles in a film clip. It was 2.8.4 Commercial releases originally planned for the band to appear as themselves, but under heavy “aging” make-up, to represent them- In print selves in the future. However their manager, Brian Ep- stein, objected to them appearing on the programme.[15] A novelisation of this serial, written by John Peel, was Thus, footage from the BBC pop music chart programme published by Target Books in July 1989. It was the first Top of the Pops of the group performing "Ticket to Ride" of several Dalek story novelisations Peel would write after was used instead.[12] Target came to an agreement with Terry Nation’s agent. Because many of the changes made to Nation’s original proposal were for timing and budgetary reasons, rather 2.8.3 Broadcast and reception than artistic ones, Peel restored most of Nation’s original ideas in his novelisation.[27] According to the BBC’s Audience Research Report, contemporary reception of this serial was mostly positive. Though a significant minority found the “haunted house” Home media action of the episode “Journey into Terror” ludicrous, most reported finding the episode very entertaining. The In 1966, audio of the final episode was edited together battle between the Daleks and Mechonoids in the final with new narration (provided by David Graham) and re- episode of the serial, “The Planet of Decision”, was par- leased on a 33 r.p.m. vinyl album by Century 21 Records ticularly well-received, with viewers describing it as “drain the UK and by Astor Records in Australia. [19] matic” and “full of adventure”. This story was released alongside Remembrance of the In 2009, Radio Times reviewer Patrick Mulkern de- Daleks in a special Dalek tin set titled The Daleks: Lim- scribed The Chase as “unashamedly childish and comic- ited Edition Boxed Set on VHS in 1993 to celebrate the strip in tone and pace”, finding that the various contents 30th anniversary of Doctor Who. It was released in a of the episode were a mixed bag. He praised the Daleks DVD box set with The Space Museum on 1 March 2010. and the first, second, and sixth episodes, but felt middle It is notable for having one shot regraded from “day” to episodes were mixed, with “Journey into Terror” particu- “night” to match the surrounding footage by the Doctor larly disappointing.[20] Nick Setchfield of SFX was criti- Who Restoration Team. The Beatles’ clip is not included cal of the serial, finding it better than The Space Museum in the Region 1 DVD.[24] This serial is scheduled to be “only because it’s powered by a demented, ramshackle released as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files in Issue energy that never allows for boredom... or much in the 138 on 16 April 2014. 48 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2

is a pastiche of the extremely silly William Hartnell Doc- tor Who serial, The Chase.

[11] Peel, John (January 1989). “Production Notes: The Chase”. Doctor Who Magazine (144): 10–12.

[12] Howe, Walker, p. 86

[13] “The Fourth Dimension: Genesis of the Daleks”. BBC. Retrieved 22 November 2012.

[14] “The Fourth Dimension: The Chase”. BBC. Retrieved 22 November 2012.

[15] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ chase/detail.shtml

[16] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Chase”. Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Re- trieved 2008-08-30.

[17] “The Chase”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved Cover of the 'mini-album' release 2008-08-30.

[18] Sullivan, Shannon (2006-04-18). “The Chase”. A Brief 2.8.5 References History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

[1] Terry Nation (writer), Richard Martin (director), Verity [19] Howe, Walker, p. 87-88 Lambert, Mervyn Pinﬁeld (producers) (21 November – 26 December 1964). The Dalek Invasion of Earth. Doctor [20] Mulkern, Patrick (14 January 2009). “Doctor Who: The Who. BBC. BBC1. Chase”. Radio Times. Retrieved 13 January 2013.

[2] Terry Nation (writer), Christopher Barry, Richard Mar- [21] Setchfield, Nick (3 March 2010). “DVD Review Doctor tin (directors), Verity Lambert, Mervyn Pinfield (produc- Who: The Space Museum/The Chase”. SFX. Retrieved ers) (21 December 1963 – 1 February 1964). The Daleks. 13 January 2013. Doctor Who. BBC. [22] Kibble-White, Graham (1 April 2010). “DVD review: [3] Terry Nation (writer), Richard Martin, Douglas Camfield The Space Museum/TheChase”. Doctor Who Magazine (directors), Verity Lambert (producer) (5 June 1965). (Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent: Panini Comics) (420). “Flight Through Eternity”. The Chase. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC1. [23] O'Bran, Steve (November 2010). “Doctor Who’s 25 Sil- liest Moments”. SFX. Retrieved 13 January 2013. [4] Eric Saward (writer), Graeme Harper (director), John Nathan-Turner (producer) (23–30 March 1985). [24] Sinnott, John (21 August 2010). “Doctor Who: The Revelation of the Daleks. Doctor Who. BBC. BBC1. Space Museum/The Chase”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 13 [5] Howe, Walker, p. 85 January 2013.

[6] Cornell, Paul; Day, Martin; Topping, Keith (1995). “16 [25] Wilkins, Jonathan (2 March 2010). “Doctor Who: The 'The Chase'". Doctor Who: The Discontinuity Guide. Lon- Space Museum/The Chase”. Dreamwatch. Archived don: Doctor Who Books. p. 41. ISBN 0-426-20442-5. from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2013. [7] Gareth Roberts (writer), Charles Palmer (director), Phil Collinson (producer) (7 April 2007). "The Shakespeare [26] Salmon, Will (26 September 2012). “10 Best Doctor Who Code". Doctor Who. BBC. BBC One. Companion Departures (And 5 Worst)". SFX. Retrieved 13 January 2013. [8] Helen Raynor (writer), James Strong (director), Phil Collinson (producer) (21 April 2007). "Daleks in Man- [27] Peel, John (January 1989). “Production Notes: The hattan". Doctor Who. BBC. BBC One. Chase”. Doctor Who Magazine (144): 11.

[9] Anthony Head (narrator), Zoe Rushton (director), Gillane Seaborne (producer) (28 April 2007). “Making Manhat- Bibliography tan”. Doctor Who Confidential. BBC. BBC Three. • [10] McGinlay, Richard. “Audio Drama: Professor Bernice Terry Nation (writer), Richard Martin (director), Summerfield and the Grel Escape”. Sci-Fi Online. Re- Douglas Camfield, Verity Lambert (producer) (22 trieved 2007-08-24. However, the Dalek presence can May – 26 June 1965). The Chase. Doctor Who. still be felt, albeit indirectly, due to the fact that this story BBC. BBC1. 2.9. THE TIME MEDDLER 49

• Howe, David J & Walker, Stephen James (2003). William the Conqueror in the Battle of Hastings. At a The Television Companion: The Unoﬃcial and nearby monastery, monks are heard chanting. The Monk Unauthorised Guide to DOCTOR WHO (2nd ed.). lets the Doctor in and allows him to prowl around and Surrey, UK: Telos Publishing. ISBN 1-903889-51- ﬁnd a gramophone playing the chant, plus modern con- 0. veniences such as a toaster and a teapot. The Monk traps the Doctor in a cell. 2.8.6 External links Steven and Vicki encounter Eldred and notice he has a wristwatch that the Monk dropped earlier. They spend • The Chase at BBC Online the night in a clearing and the next morning are ambushed by the Saxons and taken to the village council. They • The Chase at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time convince Wulnoth they are but travellers and are given (Travel) provisions to travel on. Vicki is heartened to hear from Edith that the Doctor passed by her hut on his way to the • The Chase at the Doctor Who Reference Guide monastery. Steven and Vicki visit the monastery, where • Doctor Who Locations - The Chase the Monk tries to dissuade them from entering but gives himself away by describing the Doctor too accurately. Steven and Vicki decide he must be prisoner inside. They Reviews break in after dark.

• The Chase reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings The Monk sees a Viking ship on the horizon. The Vikings Guide land and two small groups are sent to search the area. One of the Vikings finds and attacks Edith, and the Saxons go • The Chase reviews at Outpost Gallifrey hunting for the invaders. The Vikings are drunk and the giant that attacked Edith is cut down. His companions, Sven and Ulf, flee. Eldred has been badly wounded and Target novelisation Wulnoth takes him to the monastery for help. • On Target — The Chase Steven and Vicki find the gramophone. They then manage to leave the monastery via a secret passage. Steven and Vicki have found that the TARDIS has been sub- 2.9 The Time Meddler merged beneath the incoming tide. They resolve to return the monastery to look for the Doctor. The Time Meddler is the ninth and final serial of the sec- The Doctor has escaped by the same passage himself and ond season in the British science fiction television series returns to the Saxon village. He soon hears of the Viking Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly scouting party and decides to head back to the monastery parts from 3 July to 24 July 1965. The story is set on the to track down Steven and Vicki. The Doctor has the up- northeastern coast of England in late summer, 1066 and per hand when the Monk answers the door and believes sees Steven Taylor (Peter Purves) become a companion he is being held at gunpoint. The Monk is being ques- to the First Doctor (William Hartnell) after having stum- tioned by the Doctor when they are overpowered by the bled into the TARDIS during the events of the previous two Vikings, Sven and Ulf. In the ensuing confronta- serial, The Chase.[1] This story introduces recurring vil- tion the Monk slips away, leaving the Doctor the Vikings’ lain the Meddling Monk (Peter Butterworth). prisoner. The Doctor knocks out Sven and elsewhere the Monk does the same to Ulf. 2.9.1 Plot The Monk uses his freedom to persuade the villagers to light beacon fires on the cliff tops, telling them that he is expecting materials by sea, when in fact he wishes to lure The Doctor and Vicki find Steven Taylor aboard the the Viking fleet to land. Wulnoth agrees to light the fires, TARDIS after he stumbled in in a disorientated state on but does not do so as he realises the danger. Mechanus (The Chase). When the TARDIS lands on a rocky beach and the Doctor establishes the century from Steven and Vicki return to the monastery via the secret a discarded Viking helmet and heads off to the village. passage and investigate the crypt, where a heavy power Steven and Vicki explore the cliffs above, witnessed by cable emanates from a sarcophagus. Look inside, they a Monk. The TARDIS is soon after spotted by a Saxon discover that it is the Monk’s TARDIS and that he must villager, Eldred, who runs to tell the headman of his vil- have come from the same place as the Doctor. The Monk lage, Wulnoth. The Doctor encounters Edith, Wulnoth’s has returned to the monastery and is once more under the wife, and convinces her he is a harmless traveller while Doctor’s control. He reveals his plan is to lure the Vikings probing for more information. He finds out it is 1066, to the coast and destroy the fleet with atomic bazookas. since Harold Godwinson is on the throne and has not This would shore up King Harold to such an extent he yet faced Harold Hardrada at Stamford Bridge let alone would not then lose the Battle of Hastings. The Monk 50 CHAPTER 2. SEASON 2 is a Time Meddler. The Doctor denounces the Monk 2.9.2 Production for seeking to alter history and forces him to reveal his TARDIS, where they find Steven and Vicki. Together the The working title for this story was The Monk.[3] time travellers piece together the Monk’s plot, which the During production of this story, new producer John Wiles Monk insists is intended to stabilise England and benefit began taking over production duties. William Hartnell, Western civilisation. displeased at the number of changes undergoing the pro- Ulf and Sven have formed an alliance with the Monk and duction, play-acted throwing a temper tantrum during the have tied up the Doctor’s party while the three of them rehearsal of this story. take the bazooka shells down to the cannon on the beach. Footage of the Viking ship was taken from a BBC News- The scheme is foiled however when Wulnoth and the Sax- reel item about a Viking recreation on the south coast of ons arrive and engage the fleeing Vikings in a nearby England. In the remastered DVD version this footage is clearing, killing Sven and Ulf in battle. restored from the original film, and the complete item ap- The Monk hides while the fighting rages, little knowing pears on the DVD extras. that the Doctor and his friends have been freed and are Episodes one, three, and four were reported missing from tampering with his TARDIS. With his scheme in ruins, the BBC Film and Videotape Library following an audit the Monk decides to leave and returns to his TARDIS, in 1978 (see Doctor Who missing episodes). Edited tel- though the Doctor left a note assuring the Monk his med- erecordings of all four episodes were returned to the BBC dling days are ended. When the Monk looks inside he from Nigeria in 1985, and complete copies of episodes realises the Doctor has taken the dimensional control and one and three were returned in 1992. A short sequence the interior of his ship has shrunk beyond use, leaving him from episode four, depicting an act of violence, remains stranded in 1066. The tide having gone out, the Doctor missing from the otherwise complete prints of all four and his friends are free to leave. episodes, as it was removed by censors. The 2008 Region 2 DVD release includes as an extra, called The Missing 12 Seconds, the audio for this missing sequence with orig- Continuity inal script excerpts and explanatory text – it appears that the two Vikings were seen on screen to be run through by The Time Meddler is the first example of what is known the sword-wielding Saxons via the use of dummies.[4] in Doctor Who as the 'pseudo-historical' or 'ahistorical' story, which is one that uses the past as a setting for a science fiction story, as opposed to the pure historical sto- Cast notes ries, which are set in the past but have no science-fictional elements attached to them besides the presence of the reg- William Hartnell does not appear in episode 2 as he was ular characters and the TARDIS.[2] on holiday. A pre-taped recording of his voice is played when the Doctor is locked in a cell. This is the first time we meet another member of the Doc- tor’s race besides his granddaughter (although they are Alethea Charlton also appeared in An Unearthly Child as not yet identified as Time Lords).[2] The Monk’s name the cavewoman, Hur. is not revealed in the story, in which he is called simply “The Monk”, “The Meddling Monk” or “The Time Med- 2.9.3 Broadcast and reception dler”. Later spin-off novels give the name as Mortimus and establish that the Monk and the Doctor attended the The serial was repeated on BBC2 in January 1992 Academy as schoolmates. The character would make one on consecutive Fridays – 03/01/92 to 24/01/92 at return appearance on television in the epic The Daleks’ 7.20pm/6.50pm, as part of a season of stories to repre- Master Plan. sent each of the (then) seven Doctors adventures. The Due to an error by Maureen O'Brien during recording, repeat achieved ratings of 2.37, 2.79, 2.58 and 2.63 mil- the acronym TARDIS is said to stand for “Time and Rel- lion viewers respectively.[8] ative Dimensions in Space” (rather than the singular 'Di- Reviewing the serial in 2009, Patrick Mulkern of Radio mension' as in An Unearthly Child), an error which was Times described it as “an utter delight”, praising But- retained throughout much of the series’ history, with oc- terworth and the direction.[9] The A.V. Club reviewer casional exceptions. The original 'Dimension' was re- Christopher Bahn was positive towards the concept of established in the first episode of the revived 2005 series, the Monk and the introduction of Steven.[10] He also "Rose" and so far maintained thereafter. noted that it “keeps things moving despite its relatively Vicki and the Doctor discuss Ian Chesterton and Barbara simple plotline, a testament both to Dennis Spooner’s Wright's departure as seen in The Chase and the Doctor script and Douglas Camfield’s direction”.[10] Johnathan refers to Susan's departure as seen in The Dalek Invasion Wilkins, writing for Dreamwatch, described The Time of Earth. The Doctor later misses Barbara’s knowledge Meddler as “an often forgotten gem” with good per- of history. formances all around. However, he did note that the 2.9. THE TIME MEDDLER 51

“weakest element” was perhaps the “stereotypical” local [10] Bahn, Christopher (4 March 2012). “The Time Meddler”. villagers.[11] IGN's Arnold T Blumburg gave the serial The A.V. Club. Retrieved 19 January 2013. a score of 7 out of 10, highlighting the chemistry be- [11] Wilkins, Johnathan (31 January 2008). “Doctor Who: tween Hartnell and Butterworth, the competency of Vicki [12] The Time Meddler”. Dreamwatch. Archived from the and Steven, and the visual atmosphere. Despite this, original on 12 September 2011. Retrieved 19 January he noted that there were a few clichés in the plotting 2013. and, unlike Bahn, felt that it was “deﬁnitely a slow-paced story”.[12] Simon Brew of Den of Geek gave The Time [12] Blumberg, Arnold T (10 November 2008). “Doctor Who: Meddler a rating of three out of ﬁve, feeling that it “re- The Time Meddler Review”. IGN. Retrieved 19 January ally hits its stride” with the sparring between the Doctor 2013. and the Monk, but ultimately the story was not enough to [13] Brew, Simon (25 January 2008). “Doctor Who: The Time [13] cover four episodes. Meddler Review”. Den of Geek. Retrieved 19 January 2013. 2.9.4 Commercial releases 2.9.6 External links In print • The Time Meddler at BBC Online A novelisation of this serial, written by Nigel Robinson, • The Time Meddler at Doctor Who: A Brief History was published by Target Books in October 1987. of Time (Travel) • The Time Meddler at the Doctor Who Reference Home media Guide The story was released on VHS in November 2002. On 4 February 2008, it was released on DVD. The quality of Reviews the surviving prints of the later episodes was deemed low enough that the typical VidFIRE process was not applied • The Time Meddler reviews at The Doctor Who Rat- to the story. The DVD was dedicated to the late Verity ings Guide Lambert. • The Time Meddler reviews at Outpost Gallifrey

2.9.5 References Target novelisation [1] Writer Terry Nation, Directors Richard Martin, Douglas • The Time Meddler novelisation reviews at Outpost Camﬁeld, Producers Verity Lambert (1965-06-26). “The Planet of Decision”. The Chase. Doctor Who. BBC. Gallifrey BBC1. • On Target — The Time Meddler [2] “The Time Meddler”. BBC. Retrieved 22 November 2012.

[3] “Earthbound Timelords: “By Any Other Name"". Home- pages.bw.edu. Retrieved 2013-10-09.

[4]

[5] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Time Meddler”. Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008- 04-10. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

[6] “The Time Meddler”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- trieved 2008-08-30.

[7] Sullivan, Shannon (2008-04-06). “The Time Meddler”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

[8] http://guide.doctorwhonews.net/story.php?story= TheTimeMeddler&detail=broadcast

[9] Muklern, Patrick (21 January 2009). “Doctor Who: The Time Meddler”. Radio Times. Retrieved 19 January 2013. Chapter 3

Season 3

3.1 Galaxy 4 Rills have offered to take the Drahvins away with them but Maaga has refused, preferring to maintain the state For the communications satellite, see Galaxy IV. For the of war she began when the Drahvins shot down the Rill Android smartphone, see Samsung Galaxy S4. craft. The Doctor tells the Rills of the true life remaining in the planet and promises to help them escape, since the solar energy converters on the Rill craft have not gathered Galaxy 4 (alternatively spelled Galaxy Four) is the enough power to effect a lift-off. mostly missing first serial of the third season in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was first The Doctor and Vicki return to the Drahvin ship to find broadcast in four weekly parts from 11 September to 2 Steven unconscious after Maaga has tried to kill him by October 1965. Only one episode is held in the BBC leaving him in a depressurised airlock. They all then re- archives; three remain missing. turn to the Rill vessel, where the Doctor successfully develops a power converter linked to the TARDIS, which charges the Rill craft. Maaga leads the Drahvins in a final 3.1.1 Plot assault on the Rill craft, but the Chumblies defend their ship long enough for it to power up and leave the planet. The Doctor, Vicki, and Steven Taylor arrive on an eerily One Chumbley left behind to aid the time travellers helps silent planet and encounter curious small robots, which them get back to the TARDIS. Once the ship leaves, the Vicki names Chumblies. It is unclear whether the robots planet explodes, with the Drahvins perishing on the dying are hostile, when one is disabled by a party of female, world. cloned Drahvins, from the planet Drahva in Galaxy 4. It The story ends with a lead in to "Mission to the Unknown" is revealed that this unknown planet is also in Galaxy 4, with Vicki looking at a planet, and wondering what is hap- but is not given a name. The Drahvins are dominated by pening on it. The action then switches to the planet, where their leader, Maaga, who treats her other warriors with Jeff Garvey in a jungle is repeating “I must kill”. bullying contempt. The Drahvins are at war with the rep- tilian Rills, the masters of the Chumblies, and both races have crashed spaceships on this planet. 3.1.2 Production The planet will be destroyed in 14 planetary cycles and, with the Drahvin ship irreparable, Maaga and her war- The working title for this story was The Chumblies. Dif- riors are keen to capture the Rill ship, which they believe ferent resources alternatively spell out the title: Galaxy has been made functional again. Maaga paints a picture Four. of the Drahvins as the attacked species in the scenario, The BBC no longer holds the complete serial in its but the Doctor has witnessed some of the Drahvin ag- archives, although on 11 December 2011 it was an- gression and is clearly not convinced. He also reworks nounced that episode three, “Air Lock”, had been discov- the probability on the planet’s destruction and calculates ered earlier that year among material bought by former it will break up in just two days’ time. The Doctor tries ITV engineer Terry Burnett;[1][2] however, due to a break to keep this new finding from the Drahvins, but Maaga in the film, the last 27 seconds of action and the clos- reveals her true colours and forces the truth from him at ing credits are all missing from the print.[3] Additionally, the point of a gun. almost six minutes worth of footage from episode one, With Steven held as hostage to ensure their co-operation, “Four Hundred Dawns”, is held in the archive thanks to a the Doctor and Vicki are sent by the Drahvins to try to 1977 documentary entitled Whose Doctor Who - although seize control of the Rill ship. The Doctor works out that only 30 seconds was eventually used, the footage that was the Rills are a very advanced species: when he meets discarded was kept by Jan Vincent-Rudzki, then presi- one he is impressed, not least by their telepathy. The dent of the Doctor Who Appreciation Society, who acted ugly, horned, ammonia-breathing Rill explains that the as a technical advisor on the documentary programme,

52 3.1. GALAXY 4 53

and who returned the footage he had kept to the BBC in 3.1.6 References the 1990s.[4][5] [1] “Missing Episodes Recovered!". BBC. 11 December 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2012. 3.1.3 Broadcast and reception [2] Plunkett, John (12 December 2011). "'Lost' Doctor Who episodes from 1960s returned to BBC”. The Guardian. The ratings for this story ranged from 9 million view- Retrieved 26 December 2011. ers for Episode 1 to a peak of 11.3 million viewers for [3] “Doctor Who: two long-lost episodes uncovered”. Radio Episode 3. Times. 11 December 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2013.

Ian Levine claimed that the Doctor Who Appreciation [4] Phillips, Steve. “Galaxy Four episode 1 (Four Hundred Society obtained legal permission to privately screen this Dawns)". The Doctor Who Clips List. Retrieved 16 August serial at a convention in 1978, only to ﬁnd that the BBC 2013. had junked the episodes about three weeks prior.[9] Later [5] Jan Vincent-Rudzki (1998). The Missing research subsequently showed this to be mistaken, as the Years(Documentary included on The Ice Warriors DWAS never held any agreement to show the serial, and Collection set) (VHS). BBC Worldwide. BBC Enterprises appear to have junked at least one of the episodes by the end of 1976.[10] [6] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “Galaxy 4”. Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008-03-31. Re- trieved 2008-08-30. 3.1.4 Commercial Releases [7] “Galaxy 4”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

In print [8] Sullivan, Shannon (2005-04-11). “Galaxy 4”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. A novelisation of this serial, written by William Emms, [9] Levine, Ian (July 1992). “The Mark of Destruction: The was published by Target Books in November 1985, enti- truth behind the missing episodes of Doctor Who (part tled Galaxy Four. one)". DWB (103): 12–15. The script of this serial was published by Titan Books in [10] Bignell, Richard (June 2005). “Withdrawn, De- July 1994, edited by John McElroy, here entitled Galaxy accessioned and Junked”. Nothing at the End of the Lane 4. At the time of printing, the only audio recording — the Magazine of Doctor Who Research and Restoration known to exist was a poor quality copy of the second (2): 44–49. episode “Trap of Steel” which had several parts completely inaudible.[11] [11] Emms, William (July 1994). McElroy, John, ed. Doctor Who - The Scripts: Galaxy 4. London: Titan Books. pp. 2, 5–6. ISBN 1-85286-566-0. Home media [12] “DVD Update: 2013 updates and expectations”. Doctor Who News. 1975-08-20. Retrieved 2013-09-24.

All the existing audio-visual material for this story was [13] Elton Townend Jones. “Galaxy 4 Features Doctor Who: released on VHS in 1998 as part of the documentary The The Aztecs Special Edition DVD”. Kasterborous.com. Missing Years. Retrieved 2013-09-24.

The same material was released on DVD in 2004 as part [14] “Doctor Who: Galaxy 4 (TV Soundtrack)". AudioGo. of the Lost in Time box set. The newly rediscovered Retrieved 20 October 2013. episode 3, “Air Lock”, was released on 11 March 2013 as an extra on The Aztecs - Special Edition DVD.[12] Along with the episode, a reconstruction of the other 3 episodes, 3.1.7 External links which had been originally prepared for the DVD of The • Time Meddler, was included, with surviving clips and Galaxy 4 at BBC Online [13] photographs. • Galaxy 4 at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time The soundtrack for the serial is intact and was released (Travel) commercially in 2002, with linking narration provided by • Galaxy 4 at the Doctor Who Reference Guide Peter Purves.[14]

Reviews 3.1.5 See also • Galaxy 4 reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide • Doctor Who missing episodes • Galaxy 4 reviews at Outpost Gallifrey 54 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3

Target novelisation you become a Varga plant if you prick yourself on it. This is further evidence that the Daleks could be on Kembel. • On Target – Galaxy Four In the Dalek city on Kembel, the Dalek Supreme waits to be updated on the latest developments. He is told that the representatives from the seven planets will be arriving for Audio Adaptation a meeting. He tells a Dalek to destroy Cory and Lowery. • Galaxy 4 audio reviews at Outpost Gallifrey Elsewhere in the Kembel jungle, the Daleks are discussing how to exterminate the humans. Lowery (who is building a rescue beacon) and Cory are more con- 3.2 Mission to the Unknown cerned with the Varga plants than the Daleks. A spaceship flies above them and they realise the Daleks are planning something big. "Mission to the Unknown", sometimes known as “Dalek Cutaway” and also “Dalek Cutaway-Mission to Lowery finishes the rescue beacon and is about to record the Unknown”, is a missing episode of the third sea- a message when they notice something moving in the jun- son of the British science fiction television series Doctor gle. They duck behind some bushes as four Daleks enter Who, first broadcast on 9 October 1965. The sole stan- the landing area and destroy the ship. Cory and Lowery dalone episode of the show’s original run (besides the head deeper into the jungle and Lowery discovers a Varga 1983 feature-length anniversary special The Five Doctors, thorn in his hand. which was later shown in a multi-episode form) it serves In the Dalek city, the representatives from the seven as an introduction to the 12 part story The Daleks’ Mas- galaxies have gathered in a conference room. They are ter Plan. It is also notable for the complete absence of worried about the humans, who they believe are hostile, the regular cast, including the Doctor (although William but the Daleks assure them that the humans will be dealt Hartnell is still credited on-screen). The story focuses on with. The representatives all approve the Dalek plans to Space Security Agent Marc Cory (Edward de Souza) and conquer Earth. his attempts to warn Earth of the Daleks’ latest plan. Al- Cory discovers that Lowery is becoming a Varga plant though audio recordings of the episode exist, no footage and kills him. Cory then picks up the rescue beacon and is known to have survived. starts recording his message. The Daleks find and exterminate him, but the beacon and the message survive. All the representatives pledge an alliance with the Dalek 3.2.1 Plot cause and start to repeat “Victory.” Synopsis Continuity On the planet Kembel, Marc Cory and Gordon Low- ery are trying to repair their spaceship, while another This story serves as a prequel to the upcoming twelve-part crewmember, Jeff Garvey, is lying on the ground, out of serial The Daleks’ Master Plan. Essentially, this story, and their sight. He awakes, in pain and in a violent state of The Daleks’ Master Plan, forms a rough thirteen-part epic, mind. He keeps behind the ship to make sure that neither although they are separated by the four-episode storyline of the men sees him. He raises his gun to fire at Lowery, The Myth Makers. but Cory sees Garvey and shoots him. Cory pulls a long thorn out of Garvey from behind the ear. He warns Low- ery that if he stung himself on it he would have to kill him 3.2.2 Production too. The two men go into the spaceship, leaving Garvey’s The episode came about because producer Verity Lam- body. Garvey’s hand begins to twitch and hair and thorns bert wanted to give the cast regulars an extra week’s holi- start to grow all over his body. He is becoming a Varga day between the second and third production blocks, ex- plant. Cory has a licence to kill from the Space Security tending their break from five weeks to six, and so it was Service and enlists Lowery to help him. Cory explains decided to make the final episode in serial T a one-off that the Daleks have been gaining control of many plan- story introducing elements of the forthcoming story The ets and that a Dalek spaceship has been spotted in this Daleks’ Master Plan (Serial V) without including any of solar system. the regular actors.[4] The episode was made by the same Cory tries to contact their rendezvous ship, but cannot team as Galaxy 4 (Serial T), with both stories sharing get through, and their own ship is beyond repair. Cory pre-filming. It was also the final Doctor Who episode on believes the Daleks have a base on Kembel and that is which Verity Lambert served as producer. why he and Lowery are there. He explains that the Varga Terry Nation wrote this episode partially as an attempt plant is native to the Daleks’ home planet Skaro and that to create a story about the Daleks that did not involve the 3.2. MISSION TO THE UNKNOWN 55

Doctor or his companions, so that he could eventually de- until the discovery of the design documents stating T/A. velop and sell the idea of a Dalek series, divorced from the In more recent years the exploration of the BBC’s written Doctor Who universe. In the proposed series, the Space archives has exposed the problems of the title and pro- Security Service was tasked with hunting Daleks, and it duction code. would follow their adventures — an approach that can be seen in short stories and comic strips written for the 1965 Dalek Outer Space Book (cover dated 1966). An unmade Cast notes pilot titled The Destroyers was written, but the series concept was never sold. This is the only Doctor Who story that does not feature the character of the Doctor or the TARDIS at all. Despite this, William Hartnell is still credited as “Dr. Who” — Alternative titles and production codes this was because his contract specified he would be credited for all episodes, including those in which he appeared Perhaps more than any other Doctor Who story, “Mission only in the reprise or did not feature at all. The Doctor’s to the Unknown” generates confusion and debate over companions Vicki (Maureen O'Brien) and Steven Tay- both the title used and the serial/production code allo- lor (Peter Purves) do not appear either. Unlike Hartnell, cated. All Doctor Who stories from this period have no their contracts did not guarantee they would be credited, overall on-screen title, with the story referred to either by though they were in the BBC listings magazine Radio a production code or an internal title by the production Times (and episode guides taking their information from team. (For example, the early 1965 story featuring Nero there). O'Brien would actually leave the series at the con- was Serial M or The Romans.) The two were confusingly clusion of the following story, The Myth Makers and not used interchangeably in many production and overseas appear in the Master Plan serial. sales documents. “Mission to the Unknown” generates The alien delegates seen at the Daleks’ HQ on Kem- further confusion because some documents do not refer bel would return in The Daleks’ Master Plan, but recast to it as a serial but rather as a “cutaway episode”. As the with some make-up and costume changes and with a no- story was produced alongside Galaxy 4 the two appear to tably different line-up including some speaking charac- have been referred to together. Several of the produc- ters, leading to some confusion over which is which. The tion codes offered are either Serial T or Serial T +, an disparity only came to light when the Master Plan episode appendage. “Day of Armageddon” was returned to the BBC archives. The camera script calls the episode “Doctor Who: Mis- Barry Jackson had previously appeared as Ascaris in The sion to the Unknown,” but in the left margin the words Romans and would appear as Drax in The Armageddon “Dalek Cutaway” are typed. A handwritten addition on Factor. Jeremy Young had previously played Kal in An the front sheet states “Serial T Episode 4” (which actu- Unearthly Child. Edward de Souza would later play Mor- ally is the production code for the episode from the week timer Davey in the audio play The Roof of the World. prior).[5] In the Programme as Broadcast document, the episode is titled “Dalek Cutaway - Mission to the Un- known.” No production code appears.[6] In a production 3.2.3 Commercial releases memo provided to the new producer John Wiles, dated May 1965 and called “The History of Doctor Who,” the In print episode is called “Serial DC.”[5] In a design document dated July 9, the episode is referred to as “T/A Episode The story was novelised as part of The Daleks’ Master 1,” and in another dated July 20, it is called “Serial T, Plan I: Mission to the Unknown by John Peel (published [5] Episode 5.” In 1969 when the videotape of the episode in September 1989). The rest of the book contained an was due to be wiped (although this did not actually hap- adaptation of the first six episodes of The Daleks’ Master pen until 1974) the relevant paperwork referred to it as Plan. “Serial Ta Episode 1/1”. In May 2010 an unabridged reading of the book by Peter When it came to offering the story for sale overseas, the Purves and Jean Marsh, with Dalek voices supplied by synopsis sent by BBC Enterprises gave the title as “Mis- Nicholas Briggs, was released by BBC Audiobooks. The sion to the Unknown (Dalek Cutaway)". The 1974 En- title was slightly modified to Daleks - Mission to the Un- terprises document A Quick Guide to Doctor Who, which known. listed the stories produced so far for potential overseas buyers, gave the title as “Dalek Cutaway (Mission to the Unknown)" and did not offer any production code at all. Home media When fans started compiling reference books in the mid- 1970s, it was this latter document which formed the ba- This story is one of three (the others being Marco Polo sis of many lists. The story was referred to alternatively and The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve) to survive in as “Dalek Cutaway” and “Mission to the Unknown” on audio form only, with no broadcast footage of any form many occasions, whilst the production code went vacant currently known to exist. The audio was released as part 56 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3 of the soundtrack CD The Daleks’ Master Plan. A recon- 3.3 The Myth Makers struction of the episode was produced by Loose Cannon Productions in 2000, using set photographs and the exist- The Myth Makers is the completely missing second serial [7] ing audio. of the third season in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from 16 October to 6 November 1965. The 3.2.4 References story is set in ancient Troy, and is based on the Iliad by Homer. This serial sees the last appearance of Maureen [1] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “Mission to the Un- O'Brien as Vicki and the introduction of Adrienne Hill as known”. Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original the Doctor’s newest companion, Katarina. Although au- on 2008-06-18. Retrieved 2008-08-30. dio recordings and clips of the story exist, no episodes of [2] “Dalek Cutaway”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- this serial are known to have survived. trieved 2008-08-30.

[3] Sullivan, Shannon (2007-11-23). “Mission To The Un- 3.3.1 Plot knowns”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. The Greek army has besieged the city of Troy for ten [4] Howe-Stammers-Walker, Doctor Who: The Handbook: years. On the plains just outside the city the Greek The First Doctor (London: BBC Book, 1994), pp. 280- warrior Achilles slays the Trojan Hector, a son of King 81, 285. Priam, when the materialisation of the TARDIS disturbs Hector’s concentration. When the Doctor emerges from [5] Andrew Pixley, “A Question of Answers,” TSV 53 within the TARDIS, Achilles believes him to be the god (March 1998)“A Question of Answers”. Zeus disguised as an old beggar, and insists he accompany him to the Greek encampment. En route they encounter [6] “Programme as Broadcast document” (PDF). the warrior Odysseus who goes with them to the Greek [7] “Mission To The Unknown (aka Dalek Cutaway)". Loose camp. When they arrive, Agamemnon insists the Doctor Cannon Productions. Retrieved 12 June 2014. help him against the Trojans, and will not let him go until he does. Odysseus believes the Doctor is a Trojan spy. • By Any Other Name - Article by Andrew Pixley de- The Doctor’s companions Vicki and Steven have watched tailing the problems of early Doctor Who story titles. him being led away. Vicki still has an injured ankle from a previous adventure in Galaxy 4, so Steven goes out alone to try to help the Doctor. He is spotted heading 3.2.5 External links for the Trojan camp by Cyclops, a servant of Odysseus, who reports this to his master. Odysseus catches Steven • “Mission to the Unknown” at BBC Online and takes him to the Greek camp as well. The Doctor eventually persuades the Greeks to spare Steven until the • “Mission to the Unknown” at Doctor Who: A Brief next morning, when he will strike down “the spy” with History of Time (Travel) a heavenly thunderbolt. Moments later Cyclops returns to the Greek camp, and through sign language commu- • “Dalek Cutaway” at the Doctor Who Reference nicates that Zeus’ temple (the TARDIS) has disappeared Guide from the plains of Troy. • “Mission to the Unknown” at TV.com The TARDIS has been taken within the walled city of Troy as a prize and is presented to King Priam by his son Paris. The blue police box is denounced by Priam’s Reviews daughter, the prophetess Cassandra, as dangerous – she has dreamt that the Greeks will leave a gift on the plain • “Mission to the Unknown” reviews at The Doctor which will contain soldiers to attack the Trojans. She Who Ratings Guide demands that the TARDIS be burnt and a pyre is constructed around it, but before it can be set alight, Vicki • Mission to the Unknown reviews at Outpost Gallifrey emerges from within the TARDIS and this is taken as a sign from the gods. The King and Paris are enchanted by her, dressed as she is in a wonderful gown, and the King Target novelisation renames her Cressida and makes her a favourite at court. This enrages Cassandra, who believes Vicki to be a rival • “Mission to the Unknown” novelisation reviews at prophet. The Doctor Who Ratings Guide Priam sends Paris out on to the plains once more to • On Target — Mission to the Unknown avenge Hector. Paris calls for his rival Achilles to present 3.3. THE MYTH MAKERS 57

himself, and Steven manages to persuade the Greeks to to actors Max Adrian or Francis de Wolff and declaring send him in Greek armour instead, hoping he can get director Michael Leeston-Smith a “fool”.[5] himself injured and then taken prisoner to Troy to search for Vicki. Adopting the name Diomede, Steven engages Paris in battle and his ruse works. When he arrives, Vicki Cast notes greets him with his real name and this is taken by Cas- sandra as a sign they are both spies. Steven and Vicki are Barrie Ingham also played Alydon in the film Dr. Who [6] taken to cells. Priam’s son, Troilus, who has formed a ro- and the Daleks. Francis de Wolff had previously played mantic attachment to “Cressida”, visits Vicki. She seems Vasor in The Keys of Marinus. Tutte Lemkow had previ- successful in persuading him to try to get them released. ously played Kuiju in Marco Polo and Ibrahim in The Cru- sade. Ivor Salter had previously played the Morok Com- The Doctor proposes the use of a wooden horse to mander in The Space Museum and would appear again as Odysseus. The construction will be left on the plains out- Sergeant Markham in Black Orchid. side Troy and filled with Greeks, who hope the horse will be taken within the city. Agamemnon approves the plan, but it is also decided that the Doctor will be among those 3.3.3 Commercial releases inside the horse. When day breaks, it is spotted by the Trojans and dragged inside their city. The Trojans re- In print spond to the seeming disappearance of the Greek army by rejoicing, and Priam has Vicki released in thanks for her A novelisation of this serial, written by Donald Cotton, supposed good work. Steven, however, is kept in prison was published by Target Books in April 1985. There are due to Troilus’ jealousy. significant differences between the novel and the tele- The Doctor finds Vicki in the carnage and they hide in vised story; the novel is narrated by Homer, who also the TARDIS while Katarina, who has been trailing Vicki, plays the part of the mute servant Cyclops from the obliges the Doctor by searching for Steven. She finds him episode. The cliffhanger ending of Steven being wounded fighting a Trojan soldier and he is badly wounded, but she is also gone. An unabridged reading of the novelisation by actor Stephen Thorne was released on CD in April 2008 helps him return to the Doctor’s “blue temple”. Odysseus [7] arrives and the Doctor takes the opportunity to demate- by BBC Audiobooks. rialise the TARDIS with Steven and Katarina on board. Vicki, however, has slipped away with his blessing. She Home media walks to the plains where she finds Troilus and they de- clare their love. Moments later Troilus’ cousin Aeneas The soundtracks to these episodes exist and have been arrives with reinforcements and helps them escape. released on CD with linking narration provided by Peter Purves. The only extant clips – eleven short 8mm film recordings made by fans off-air – were made available on 3.3.2 Production the Lost in Time DVD boxset release. A full reconstruction has been created with the film recordings, production This was the first story produced by new series producer stills and the complete soundtrack. John Wiles, replacing the original producer, Verity Lam- bert, in the role. Originally, the titles of all the episodes In the 1980s, Reeltime Pictures launched a series of home were intended by Dennis Spooner to be puns (as was that video releases featuring interviews with the cast and crew of Episode 2), including: “Zeus Ex Machina” and “Is of Doctor Who. This long-running series of tapes (which There A Doctor In The Horse?". These titles were ve- later included the first independently-produced Doctor toed by the BBC, but the title of Episode 2 was allowed Who spin-offs) was entitled Myth Makers after this story. to remain only at script editor Donald Tosh's insistence. A number of chapters in the novelisation have titles based around these puns.[4] 3.3.4 References Donald Cotton pulled material for his scripts from his [1] Shaun Lyon; et al. (31 March 2007). “The Myth Mak- extensive knowledge of classical and medieval literature, ers”. Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 31 including the epics of Homer, the plays of Aeschylus March 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008. and Euripides, Virgil's Aeneid, and Geoffrey Chaucer's [2] “The Myth Makers”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- Troilus and Criseyde. trieved 30 August 2008. William Hartnell suffered a bereavement while working on the story: the death of his Aunt Bessie, who had [3] Sullivan, Shannon (18 May 2008). “The Myth Makers”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 30 August looked after him during his troubled childhood. Unfor- 2008. tunately, the tight recording schedules prevented Hartnell from taking time off to attend her funeral. This led to him [4] Cotton, Donald (1985). The Myth Makers. London: Tar- becoming difficult during production, refusing to speak get Books. ISBN 978-0426201700. 58 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3

[5] Purves, Peter (February 2015). Doctor Who Magazine This serial marks the final appearance of Adrienne Hill as (482). (Interview). p. . Missing or empty |title= (help) companion Katarina, the only appearance of Jean Marsh as Sara Kingdom and the first ever death of a compan- [6] “The Fourth Dimension: The Myth Makers”. BBC. Re- ion. Episode 1, “The Nightmare Begins”, marks the first trieved 22 November 2012. appearance of Nicholas Courtney in Doctor Who, here [7] “Doctor Who: The Myth Makers (Classic Novel)". playing space security agent Bret Vyon. AudioGo. Retrieved 20 October 2013. It was the second Doctor Who story never to be screened in Australia, as the Australian Broadcasting Corporation judged the story to be unsuitable for minors. Only three 3.3.5 External links of the twelve episodes (two, five and ten) are held in the BBC archives; nine remain missing. • The Myth Makers at BBC Online • The Myth Makers at Doctor Who: A Brief History 3.4.1 Plot of Time (Travel)

• The Myth Makers at the Doctor Who Reference Some six months after the events of "Mission to the Un- Guide known", the TARDIS arrives on the planet Kembel, and the Doctor leaves the TARDIS to try to find medical aid • Doctor Who Locations – The Myth Makers for the wounded Steven, leaving him with the Trojan servant girl Katarina. Meanwhile, a Space Agent, Bret Vyon is also on the planet trying to find out what happened to Reviews Agent Marc Cory. After a less-than-amicable meeting with the TARDIS travellers in which he holds them at • The Myth Makers reviews at The Doctor Who Rat- gunpoint and demands to be taken away from the planet, ings Guide Vyon cures Steven and agrees to work with them to escape and warn Earth of the massive Dalek-led alliance that is • The Myth Makers reviews at Outpost Gallifrey amassing on the planet. Part of this alliance is the treacherous Guardian of Earth, Mavic Chen, who has brought Target novelisation a sample of the extremely rare Taranium, which will become a part of the Daleks’ ultimate weapon, the Time • The Myth Makers novelisation reviews at The Doctor Destructor. The Daleks soon learn of their presence on Who Ratings Guide the planet and the Dalek Supreme gives the command that Operation Inferno is to be carried out- burning down the • The Myth Makers novelisation reviews at Outpost jungle. The travelers shelter at the Dalek city. The Doc- Gallifrey tor manages to steal the Taranium by impersonating dele- gate Zephon, and he, his companions and Bret escape on • On Target — The Myth Makers Chen’s ship, termed a Spar. The Daleks exterminate Zephon for allowing the Doctor Audio Adaptation to impersonate him and they cause the Spar to crash on Desparus, a penal planet where prisoners are left to fend • The Myth Makers audio reviews at Outpost Gallifrey for themselves. Mavic Chen also departs for Earth in a temporary ship, wanting to find out exactly who the people who stole the Taranium are. On Desparus, the Doctor 3.4 The Daleks’ Master Plan is able to effect repairs, and they manage to escape when the pursuing Dalek ship itself crashes upon arrival. How- ever, a convict named Kirksen sneaks aboard the Spar “The Feast of Steven” redirects here. It is not to be prior to take-off and holds Katarina hostage in the air- confused with St. Stephen’s Day. lock once the ship has left Desparus. He demands to be taken to Kembel or else he will kill Katarina, but she sac- The Daleks’ Master Plan is the partly missing third serial rifices herself by opening the airlock, blowing the two out of the third season in the British science fiction televi- into space. The Daleks warn Chen that the fugitives will sion series Doctor Who, which originally aired in twelve be heading for Earth to inform them of their presence on weekly parts from 13 November 1965 to 29 January Kembel, and order him to kill them on sight and snatch 1966. This twelve part serial is the longest with a single the Taranium core himself. Chen worries that this make director and production code: The Trial of a Time Lord the Space Security Service realise he is a traitor, so he was longer but was made in three production blocks, with instead tells everyone on Earth that the Taranium core separate codes, and with four separate story lines each is actually a vital substance needed to keep the peace. with their own authors and working titles. Space Security Agents patrol all corridors and guard all 3.4. THE DALEKS’ MASTER PLAN 59

offices, and all landing bays are monitored for the arrival Knowing that the Daleks will now carry out their inva- of Chen’s Spar. sion, the Doctor steals the directional control from the After mourning Katarina’s loss, the party arrives on Earth Monk’s TARDIS, so that they can return to Kembel and and meets a contact of Vyon’s, who turns out to be in stop the Daleks. The Monk, meanwhile, unwittingly ends league with Chen. Bret kills him but seconds later an- up on a desolate, icy planet, and realises he can no longer other Space Agent, Sara Kingdom arrives and kills Vyon control the destination of his TARDIS. (who it later transpires is actually her brother) and at- The Doctor is able to return the TARDIS to Kembel, tempts to get the Taranium from the Doctor and Steven where Steven and Sara (who get briefly separated from but they are able to escape the office. She pursues them to the Doctor) discover that the Daleks have turned on their a laboratory, where the three are caught in the middle of allies, including Chen, and imprisoned them before ap- a molecular dissemination experiment and are inadver- parently leaving the planet. The two TARDIS travellers tently transported to Mira, a planet populated by savage free the alien leaders, and they leave to persuade their gov- invisible creatures, where the three enter into an uneasy ernments to ally against the Daleks, though Chen appears alliance. They are constantly attacked by the creatures, to die when his Spar explodes during take-off. Steven the Visians and try to take shelter. and Sara then find an underground base being used by On Earth, Mavic Chen stresses out, believing that the the Daleks, only to be captured and held at gunpoint by Taranium was destroyed during the transportation. How- a delusional Chen, who marches them into the base and ever, the scientists carrying out the Dissemination inform the Dalek control room. He tries to proclaim himself the him that the computers are registering that the matter leader of the Daleks, but they dismissively kill him. that has been transported (a cage of mice) has success- Now reunited with his companions, the Doctor activates fully arrived on Mira. Chen angrily says that this is no the fully assembled Time Destructor. Knowing that the evidence that the taranium wasn't broken up into pieces. device will quickly begin ageing anything in its vicinity, He believes he will be exterminated by the Daleks for his the Daleks allow the Doctor to escape with Steven and failure, so when he makes his report to them, he says he Sara. Steven goes ahead back to the TARDIS, but Sara lured the fugitives into the laboratory, as their presence insists on accompanying the Doctor. The two are unable on Earth would have caused suspicions of the Dalek plan, to get back to the TARDIS before the Time Destructor and tells them to pick up the Taranium from Mira whilst reaches full power, and Sara is aged to death and reduced he returns to Kembel. When the Daleks arrive they too to dust metres away from the TARDIS. Steven helps the are attacked by the invisible creatures, and the Doctor, Doctor back inside and freed from the Destructor’s in- Steven and Sara are able to commandeer the Dalek ship fluence the two are left weakened, but alive and back to and escape. It turns out that the Daleks can pilot the ship their original ages. The Daleks try to destroy the Time remotely and bring it back to Kembel, but the Doctor is Destructor, but instead cause it to run out of control, re- able to create a fake Taranium core, which they hand over sulting in it destroying the Daleks and all life on the planet. to the Daleks before escaping Kembel. The Doctor and Steven emerge from the TARDIS, and After a brief interlude in which the Doctor and his com- Steven is distraught over the deaths of Bret, Katarina and panions journey to a police station in 1960s England and Sara, while the Doctor can only contemplate the “terrible then a silent film set in America, the trio toast Christmas, waste” that has taken place. and the Doctor breaks the fourth wall by wishing a happy Christmas to the viewers at home. On Kembel, the Daleks test the Time Destructor on del- egate Trantis. It has no effect, and the Daleks realise it is a fake. A taskforce of Daleks disembarks to chase the 3.4.2 Production travellers, intending on recapturing the real core. Mean- while, The TARDIS next arrives on a volcanic planet where the Doctor has a run-in with his old enemy, the The series’ soon-to-be regular composer, Dudley Simp- Meddling Monk, who attempts to sabotage the TARDIS son, did not work on this serial owing to a serious dispute in revenge for the Doctor previously stranding him in with director Douglas Camfield. Sometime after the pro- 11th century England. The Doctor is still able to fly the duction of the serial The Crusade, the two had a small TARDIS to Ancient Egypt, though he has to stop there falling out. On the next serial that Camfield directed (The for repairs. The Monk follows him, as does the taskforce Time Meddler), Camfield elected to use percussion music, of Daleks and Mavic Chen. The Monk, Sara and Steven feeling that it lent to the story’s atmosphere. However, end up being captured and used as hostages, and with- Simpson interpreted this as a snub by Camfield, causing out time to create another fake, the Doctor is forced to the dispute to escalate. By the time this serial had entered hand over the real Taranium core. They are only able to production, relations between the two had grown so bad escape with their lives when some Ancient Egyptians at- that Camfield refused to even consider Simpson, instead tack the Daleks which they describe as 'war machines’. hiring Tristram Cary. The dispute was still unresolved at the time of Camfield’s death in 1984. 60 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3

Script The lead actress of the film seen in “The Feast of Steven” was played by Sheila Dunn, who was Douglas Camfield’s According to the credits, the serial was written by Terry fiancée at the time the episode was in production. The two Nation (episodes 1–5 & 7) and Dennis Spooner (episodes would marry just before the serial completed production. 6 & 8–12), with the credit “From an idea by Terry Na- Camfield would later cast her in a minor voice role in The tion” on Spooner’s episodes. Script editor Donald Tosh Invasion and a major screen role in Inferno. claimed in an interview that the work done by Nation on The alien delegates at the Daleks’ conference on Kembel the serial amounted to less than 20 pages of work, and differ from those seen in "Mission to the Unknown", and that he wrote most of Nation’s episodes. However, Doc- as that episode is lost, there is some confusion over which tor Who historian David Brunt has disputed this, saying is which. Those that do reappear here had all been recast that Nation submitted over 30 pages of script for each of (see Ronald Rich), while some are new to Master Plan his episodes (apart from “The Feast of Steven”) and that and some seen in “Mission” are missing – this only came Tosh only polished the dialogue and/or cut scenes out for to light when “Day of Armageddon” was returned to the time or budget reasons. BBC archives. Another controversy involves the title of the serial. Reg Pritchard, who appears in “The Feast of Steven” as Perhaps because of the multiple authors and/or typ- “Man in Mackintosh” had previously played Ben Daheer ists, virtually every conceivable variant of the title The in The Crusade, and the Doctor seemingly mistakes him Daleks’ Master Plan was used in contemporary docu- for this character. Jean Marsh had previously played ments, though this version is on a plurality of camera Princess Joanna in The Crusade (and later played Mor- scripts. During production the story was referred to as gaine in Battlefield). She was also once married to future Twelve Part Dalek Story on some documents. Third Doctor actor Jon Pertwee. Brian Cant later played The original intention was that the police station scenes Chairman Tensa in The Dominators.[6] Royston Tickner of the Christmas episode would feature a crossover with later played Robbins in The Sea Devils. the characters and location of the BBC’s popular police drama Z-Cars. However, the Z-Cars production team vetoed the idea, although the Liverpool-area location of the Missing episodes police station survived in the transmitted episode. John Peel's novelisation of the serial references this plan by Currently, only episodes 2, 5, and 10 are known as ex- using the cast names of the Z-Cars actors for the police tant. All 12 episodes were recorded on and transmit- characters’ names. ted from magnetic videotape. Subsequently, BBC En- terprises had 16mm film telerecordings made for poten- According to the liner notes for the CD release, the tial overseas sales. However, Episode 7 (“The Feast of fictional mineral taranium was originally called “vitara- Steven”), the Christmas episode, was excluded from this nium”, but was shortened during production because of and the story offered for sale was an 11-part version. The concerns about William Hartnell’s ability to pronounce original videotapes of Episodes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 are it. Also, it was felt that “vitaranium” sounded too much listed among the first Doctor Who episodes ever ordered like “vitamin”. to be wiped, on 17 August 1967. At this point, “The Feast of Steven” became the first episode of Doctor Who to be The Christmas episode Tosh and producer John seemingly lost forever. Wiles would later claim that the scene where the Doctor BBC Enterprises retained their film copies, although the and his companions celebrate Christmas was not origi- story was never purchased by any overseas broadcasters, nally in the script, and that either the scene was hastily until at least 1972. A set of viewing prints was sent to the written by director Douglas Camfield when the episode Australian Broadcasting Corporation, but the story was ran short or that Hartnell made an unscripted ad lib. How- declined (as it was judged to be A (suitable for adults) ever, it appears on Camfield’s camera script and it was in- on the basis of its overall storyline, rather than cuttable deed common practice at the time for BBC shows to have scenes) and the fate of these prints is unknown. At some a direct address to camera for a Christmas episode, whilst point in the next four years, the BBC's film copies were editing would have allowed for the removal of the line if junked. necessary.[5] A film copy of Episode 4 (“The Traitors”) wound up in the BBC Film Library, although the reasons for this are Cast notes unclear as that library had no formal mandate to retain such material. In 1973, the episode was loaned to the Blue Kevin Stoney would return as Tobias Vaughn, another Peter production office for a feature on Doctor Who and villain working with an alien force – the Cybermen — never returned. Its ultimate fate remains unknown. By against the Earth, in the Second Doctor serial The In- 1976, the entire story was considered to be lost. However, vasion. Additionally, Stoney also played Tyrum in the Episodes 5 (“Counter Plot”) and 10 (“Escape Switch”) Fourth Doctor serial Revenge of the Cybermen. were returned in 1983 in circumstances which remain un- 3.4. THE DALEKS’ MASTER PLAN 61 clear. Episode 2 (“Day of Armageddon”) was returned to In print the BBC in early 2004 by Francis Watson, a former BBC engineer. Since this was one of only two Hartnell stories The Australian Doctor Who fanzine Zerinza had pub- that were never screened outside of the UK (the other be- lished a novelisation of the story in 1980, as issue ing "Mission to the Unknown"), the recovery of the miss- #14/15/16 (thereafter reprinted a few times), but was not ing episodes from overseas sources remains unlikely. For novelised by Target Books for almost ten more years, more information, see Doctor Who missing episodes. when it finally appeared in two volumes. The first, Mission to the Unknown, consisted of an adaptation of Various clips from Episodes 1, 3, and 4 also survive: Mission to the Unknown and Episodes 1–6 of Master Plan. The second, The Mutation of Time, adapted Episodes 7– • Episode 1 (“The Nightmare Begins”) – In late 1991, 12. Both were written by John Peel at the request of Terry a mute copy of the pre-filmed inserts for the story Nation[7] and were published in September and October was discovered in a film can in the BBC archive. In 1989, respectively. 1998, these inserts were combined with the off-air Peel had intended to write the novelisation as a single, soundtracks. A colourised version of this footage, long book, but at the time Target Books had a page limit made by Stuart Humphryes (AKA YouTube’s Ba- maximum which required splitting the manuscript into belcolour) and James Russell was included as part two parts. of “The Dalek Tapes”, a featurette on the Genesis of the Daleks DVD. Peel made one major change to the televised storyline by placing a six-month gap between the first and second vol- • Episode 3 (“Devil’s Planet”) – A clip of around 90 umes; he later stated that this was to enable future writers seconds was screened in a 1971 edition of Blue Pe- to develop original storylines involving the character of ter (then co-presented by Peter Purves, who played Sara Kingdom. the Doctor’s companion Steven Taylor). Purves, in In May 2010 unabridged readings of both volumes by Pe- introducing the clip, erroneously identifies the serial ter Purves and Jean Marsh, with Dalek voices supplied by the title Devil’s Planet, when it was only this in- by Nicholas Briggs, were released by BBC Audiobooks. dividual episode. The titles were slightly modified to Daleks – Mission to the Unknown and Daleks – The Mutation of Time. • Episode 4 (“The Traitors”) – A 1973 edition of Blue Peter featured another item on Doctor Who and included a clip of the scene leading up to Katarina’s Home media ejection from the airlock. Episodes 5 and 10 were released on VHS on the tape Daleks – The Early Years in July 1992, which also in- • In addition, prior to the recovery of the episode it- cluded the silent pre-filmed inserts, which had been then- self, the prefilmed inserts for Episode 2 (“Day of recently recovered (see above). Soundtracks of all the Armageddon”), including the raw soundtrack, were episodes survive due to several fans recording the origi- retained by the BBC Film Library and never junked. nal transmissions. In 2001, the entire story (together with In 1991, the archive copy was discovered to be miss- Mission to the Unknown) was released on CD, combining ing, but it was recovered in 1993. In 1998, these in- the best quality sections from the various collections.[8] serts were combined with the off-air soundtracks to reproduce the scenes as transmitted. In November 2004, all three surviving episodes were released on Region 2 DVD, in the three-disc Lost in Time box set, along with all extant clips from the story. 3.4.3 On stage The music from this serial was released as part of Doctor Who: Devils’ Planets - The Music of Tristram Cary in The serial was adapted as a charity stage production in 2003. October 2007 by Interalia Theatre in Portsmouth, UK, as a finale to their highly successful run of previous Doctor Who stage shows. It was adapted and directed by Nick 3.4.5 References Scovell and produced by Rob Thrush. Scovell starred [1] Shaun Lyon; et al. (31 March 2007). “The Daleks’ Master as the Doctor, as in the company’s previous productions. Plan”. Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on Nicholas Briggs guest starred as the voice of the Daleks 18 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-30. and also, briefly, as the Doctor following a regeneration scene at the play’s end. [2] “The Daleks’ Master Plan”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved 2008-08-30. [3] Sullivan, Shannon (12 April 2005). “The Daleks’ Master 3.4.4 Commercial releases Plan”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008- 08-30. 62 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3

[4] “The Daleks’ Master Plan”. BBC. Retrieved 2010-08-17. 3.5 The Massacre of St

[5] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ Bartholomew’s Eve daleksmasterplan/detail.shtml This article is about the Doctor Who serial. For the [6] “Blogs - Doctor Who”. BBC. Retrieved 2013-10-09. historical event, see St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre.

[7] http://www.followingthenerd.com/ftn_news/ interview-ftn-interviews-tv-show-novelist-extraordinaire-john-peel/The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve is the completely missing fourth serial of the third season in the British [8] “Doctor Who: The Daleks’ Master Plan (TV sound- science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was track)". Big Finish Productions. Retrieved 23 November first broadcast in four weekly parts from 5 to 26 Febru- 2012. ary 1966. This serial marks the first appearance of Jackie Lane as companion-to-be Dodo Chaplet. Although audio recordings of the story exist, no footage of this serial is 3.4.6 External links known to have survived.

• The Daleks’ Master Plan at BBC Online 3.5.1 Plot • The Daleks’ Master Plan episode 2 photonovel at BBC Online The arrival of the TARDIS in Paris, France in 1572 places its occupants, the First Doctor and Steven Taylor, • The Daleks’ Master Plan at Doctor Who: A Brief in a dangerous situation. Tensions between Protestants History of Time (Travel) and Catholics are at fever pitch in the city –- with younger hotheads like Gaston, Viscount de Lerans, a Protestant • The Daleks’ Master Plan at the Doctor Who Refer- Huguenot nobleman, and Simon Duval, a Catholic, drawn ence Guide into violent confrontation in a tavern. Despite the danger, the Doctor heads off alone to visit the apothecary • Surprise, Surprise, Surprise! An interview with An- Charles Preslin, leaving Steven to drink alone but warn- drew Martin, Steve Roberts & Richard Molesworth ing him to keep out of trouble. Moments later, Steven regarding the surprise finds of 2003/2004, including attracts the attention of the landlord of the tavern for not “Day of Armageddon”. settling his bill, but is helped out financially by Nicholas Muss, a Huguenot, who welcomes him to his party of • Doctor Who Locations – The Daleks’ Master Plan drinkers. Muss explains that the marriage of the Protes- tant Prince Henri of Navarre, to the Catholic Princess Marguerite de Valois, the sister of the King, is the cause Reviews of the heightened tension in Paris. While Steven, Gas- ton and Nicholas are wandering home, they find a fright- • The Daleks’ Master Plan reviews at The Doctor Who ened serving girl, Anne Chaplet, who is terrified of being Ratings Guide pressed into the service of the Catholic Abbot of Am- boise. Anne is also scared because she has heard some • The Daleks’ Master Plan reviews at Outpost Gal- guards in the pay of the Cardinal mention how a religious lifrey massacre of Huguenots back in her home town of Wassy a decade earlier could now be replicated in Paris. To protect her and her knowledge, Nicholas arranges for Anne Target novelisation to go into the service of his master, Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, the most senior Protestant adviser at the Royal • The Mutation of Time reviews at The Doctor Who Court. Steven also stays with the Admiral to avoid the Ratings Guide curfew in the city, as the Doctor has not returned to the tavern as arranged. • On Target — Mission to the Unknown The next day, the Abbot of Amboise has arrived at his Parisian residence. He bears the exact likeness and voice • On Target — The Mutation of Time of the Doctor. He is a religious zealot who acts as enforcer to the ever-absent Cardinal of Lorraine. The Abbot is about to journey to Paris to conduct a witch- Audio adaptation hunt against all heresy, including the apothecaries and the Huguenots. He sends his secretary, Roger Colbert, • The Daleks’ Master Plan audio reviews at Outpost out to track down the missing Anne Chaplet, convinced Gallifrey she has worked out the threat to the Protestants. Col- 3.5. THE MASSACRE OF ST BARTHOLOMEW’S EVE 63 bert makes for de Coligny’s house and tries to convince and is reunited with Anne. A little later the Doctor him- Nicholas, Gaston, and Steven that Anne has been over- self arrives, and is very insistent that he and Steven must creative in her interpretation of what she heard. A little depart the city as soon as possible. Anne is sent to her later, Steven spies Colbert talking to the Abbot about the aunt’s house, with a warning from the Doctor that she situation, and is stunned that the cleric seems to be the must stay there. She heads off while Steven and the Doc- Doctor. When Steven and Nicholas track down Preslin’s tor head across the city. shop to try and find the Doctor, they discover it has been The Queen Mother has now persuaded the King that the closed since Preslin was arrested for heresy two years be- Huguenots are a threat to his reign, and has signed an edict fore. This news makes Nicholas suspicious that Steven is authorising a Huguenot massacre over the next twenty- a spy in the employ of the Doctor/Abbot. four hours. Simon Duval and Colbert greet the coming In the Council of France a power struggle is in place be- massacre with more glee and bloodlust than that displayed tween the impassioned, Catholic Tavannes, Marshal of by Tavannes, who fears the Queen Mother has gone too France, and the more cautious Admiral de Coligny, who far. is trying to persuade the Court to back the Dutch in their The Doctor and Steven make it to the TARDIS just as war against Spain. the curfew is falling and depart as the massacre begins. Steven has now fallen out with and evaded Nicholas Muss, Steven is worried for Anne and his friends, and angry taking his chances in the streets of Paris alone. He heads that the Doctor made him leave. The Doctor insists that for the Abbot’s house, believing him to be the Doctor, history could not be changed. De Coligny and Nicholas and hides there while Tavannes, Duval and Colbert meet Muss will be amongst the dead, and possibly Anne too. to discuss their plans. The “Sea Beggar dies tomorrow” Steven cannot accept that the Doctor had to leave Anne assures Tavannes, as an assassin has been engaged to kill behind, and is so disgusted with his colleague that he de- him when he departs the Royal Council in the Louvre. termines to leave his company. When the TARDIS lands The Sea Beggar is a codename for de Coligny, but the Steven offers a terse goodbye and ventures out into a conspirators do not reveal this. With night falling again, woodland area. The Doctor is left totally alone for the Steven heads out again and finds Anne following him. She first time, and reflects on the other companions that have has been dismissed from service for protesting Steven’s travelled with him and then left him, and his inability to innocence in the Catholic plot. They hide the night at return home. Preslin’s empty shop then determine to try and find the The TARDIS has arrived in 1966 and a young girl enters identity of the Sea Beggar. the vehicle thinking it to be a Police Box on Wimbledon When the Council resumes at the Louvre the next morn- Common. A small child has been hurt in a road ac- ing, Tavannes and de Coligny are still locked in conflict. cident and she wishes to make a call. Steven arrives They also argue about domestic matters, with de Coligny back too, saying that policemen are approaching, and his urging more action to protect the Huguenots. heart softens when the young woman introduces herself Steven and Anne call upon the Abbot, where he learns as Dorothea or Dodo Chaplet. both that the Doctor is not the Abbot and the identity of The Doctor, hearing Steven’s warning of the approach- the Sea Beggar. The pair flee before Anne can be con- ing policemen, hurriedly dematerialises the TARDIS, not fined, alerting the Abbot, Tavannes and Colbert of their noticing until after it has left 1966 that Dodo is still danger since they evidently know too much. Steven and aboard. Steven informs her that there’s no way back, and Anne make contact with Nicholas Muss and warn him “we could land anywhere,” but Dodo seems either unwor- the assassination of his master is about to take place. ried or simply doesn't believe him. She says she is an or- Nicholas bolts off and witnesses the assassination at- phan who lives with her great aunt and thus has few ties, tempt, but de Coligny is merely wounded. as the TARDIS continues to hum, hurtling them toward the next great adventure. Tavannes believes the bungled assassination is the fault of the Abbot, who has become a liability, and the cleric is placed under arrest, suspected of being an impostor. Continuity De Coligny has meanwhile been moved to his house, and a surgeon called, and as Steven and Nicholas tend to him The last episode of this serial introduces Dodo Chap- they too receive news that the Abbot of Amboise has died. let, played by Jackie Lane. The story suggests that Dodo Steven is distraught, still partly convinced that the Doc- might be a descendant of Anne Chaplet; however, it has tor has adopted the Abbot’s guise, heads to the Abbot’s often been pointed out that this would only be possible if lodgings and sees the dead body there. It seems the Ab- Anne had an illegitimate child (or else married someone bot has been assassinated too, inflaming the Catholic mob who shared her surname). In John Lucarotti’s novelisa- outside the house, which does not disappoint the real cul- tion, Anne has a younger brother, Raoul, who could have prits, Colbert and Tavannes. survived to father a child and pass on the family name; On the following day, Steven heads back to Preslin’s shop also, the Doctor himself dismisses the suggestion of a connection between Dodo and Anne Chaplet, declaring 64 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3

that it was a very common French name. 3.5.3 Commercial releases

In print 3.5.2 Production John Lucarotti's 1987 novelisation of this serial for Target Books, entitled simply The Massacre, returned the story Script editor Donald Tosh actually wrote most of the se- to a previous draft before both a scheduled holiday for rial himself after the script delivered by John Lucarotti Hartnell and technical limitations forced a number of was considered to be too far from the storyline pitched to rewrites (allowing Hartnell to not have to be present dur- Lucarotti by Tosh and producer John Wiles. Lucarotti ing recording of the second episode and removing the was reportedly so outraged by the changes that he de- need for Hartnell to be doubled throughout the story). manded his name be removed from the credits. There are conflicting accounts as to whether or not this request [4][5] was enacted or rescinded. Tosh was also credited as Home media the co-writer on the last episode. Incoming story editor Gerry Davis was credited on the final episode in place of This is one of only three stories, along with Marco Polo [6] Tosh. and Mission to the Unknown, of which not a single frame According to the book Doctor Who: Companions by of footage survives.[7] However, a fan-recorded sound- David J. Howe and Mark Stammers, the final episode track, with linking narration provided by Peter Purves, of the serial was to have included a cameo appearance was released by the BBC Radio Collection on both audio by William Russell and Jacqueline Hill reprising their CD and cassette in 1999. roles as former companions Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright. The scene had Ian and Barbara witnessing the dematerialisation of the TARDIS after Dodo enters. Al- 3.5.4 References though the scene was scheduled, it was not filmed. [1] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve”. Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008-05-07. Retrieved 2008-08-30. Alternative titles [2] “The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve”. Doctor Who A few original production documents state the name of Reference Guide. Retrieved 2008-08-30. the serial as The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve, al- [3] Sullivan, Shannon (2006-05-10). “The Massacre of St though this is an anachronism, as the actual massacre took Bartholomew’s Eve”. A Brief History of Time Travel. place on St Bartholomew’s Day. Some have noted that as Retrieved 2008-08-30. the original French name for the event (Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) lacks a day, the title actually refers to [4] “The Making Of The Massacre”. Recons.com. Retrieved the lead up to the massacre itself — that is, the Eve of the 2013-10-09. Massacre of St Bartholomew. [5] “A Brief History Of Time (Travel): The Massacre Of The BBC Radio Collection release gives the title as, St Bartholomew’s Eve”. Shannonsullivan.com. Retrieved variously, The Massacre and The Massacre of St 2013-10-09. Bartholomew’s Eve. The packaging uses the title The Massacre, but the accompanying booklet uses both ti- [6] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ tles. The CDs have The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s massacre/detail.shtml Eve printed on them and this is also the title announced [7] http://www.denofgeek.com/tv/doctor-who/29229/ by Peter Purves on the discs themselves. doctor-who-the-10-stories-you-cant-actually-watch

Cast notes 3.5.5 External links

William Hartnell was on holiday during filming of • The Massacre at BBC Online episode two; the Doctor does not feature in the episode, and the Abbot appears in a pre-filmed scene only. • The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time (Travel) Leonard Sachs later played Borusa in Arc of Infinity. Michael Bilton later played Collins in Pyramids of Mars • The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve at the Doctor and a Time Lord in The Deadly Assassin. Christopher Who Reference Guide Tranchell later played Jenkins in The Faceless Ones and Commander Andred in The Invasion of Time. David We- • Doctor Who Locations - The Massacre of St ston later played Biroc in "Warriors’ Gate". Bartholomew’s Eve 3.6. THE ARK 65

Reviews as Zentos, the Deputy Commander is suspicious of the travellers and believes they have deliberately infected the • The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve reviews at ship. When the first Monoid dies, there is little the Doctor The Doctor Who Ratings Guide can say to pacify the angry Guardians. Zentos places the Doctor, Steven and Dodo on trial for their crimes, with • The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve reviews at a young Guardian called Manyak and the Commander’s Outpost Gallifrey daughter Mellium as defence. Steven acts as the first de- • The Whoniverse’s review on The Massacre fence witness, attacking the closed nature of the minds of the Guardians, but exhausts himself in the process and collapses with the fever. His words have no impact on Target novelisation Zentos, who orders their execution, but the ailing Com- mander intervenes to protect the three travellers and per- • The Massacre novelisation reviews at Outpost Gal- mit them access to medical equipment to devise a cure lifrey to the cold. The Doctor is thus able to recreate the cold vaccine from the membranes of animals on the craft, and • On Target — The Massacre this is administered throughout the crew. The Comman- der, Steven and the others infected are soon on the road to recovery. Their work done, the trio have only time to ob- 3.6 The Ark serve the end of Earth on the long-range scanner before the Doctor leads them back to the TARDIS. The Ark is the fifth serial of the third season in the British Curiously, when the TARDIS rematerialises, they are still science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was on the Ark. However, seven hundred years have passed first broadcast in four weekly parts from 5 March to 26 and there has been a major change: the Monoids are in March 1966. The story is set in the 57th Segment of control. They have completed the statue in the image of Time, which the Doctor calculates to be approximately themselves, having staged a coup during the long journey. AD 10,000,000 and constitutes Dodo Chaplet's first jour- This was made possible by a genetic weakness introduced ney with the Doctor as a travelling companion. It is also into the humans, but not the Monoids, by a second wave the earliest serial of the third season to exist in its entirety. of the cold virus 700 years earlier. The Monoids also now have voice communicators and use numerical emblems to distinguish each other. The humans are now little more 3.6.1 Plot than slaves, with the odd exception like the collaborator subject Guardian Maharis, and have little hope of change. Almost ten million years in the future, the TARDIS ma- The Doctor and his friends encounter the Monoid leader- terialises on a vast spacecraft including its own miniature ship, installed in a throne room on the Ark, after which zoo and arboretum. The First Doctor and Steven Taylor they are sent to the security kitchen to help prepare meals are still explaining the basics of their time travel ability for the Monoids. Two humans, Manissa and Dassuk, be- to new companion Dodo Chaplet when she starts to show lieve the moment of their liberation is at hand. Steven signs of a cold. It is only a matter of time before they tries to help them in a revolt, which is unsuccessful. are found and taken to the control chamber of the vessel. Their captors are the mute Monoids, seemingly identical The arrival on Refusis is close at hand and a landing pod alien beings with a single eye. The Monoids live in peace is prepared. Monoid 1 wants to make sure that the new alongside the humans who command the spaceship, their world is inhabited only by Monoids, despite promises that own planet having been destroyed, but often do much of the human population will be allowed to live there too. A the menial work. The humans in charge of the ship ex- landing party is assembled – the Doctor, Dodo, Monoid 2 plain that the Earth is about to be destroyed because of the and a subject Guardian named Yendom – and they soon expansion of the sun, and that this ship is an Ark sent into reach Refusis II and start to investigate. A stately cas- space with the last remnants of humanity, civilization and tle, which seems to be unoccupied, is in fact the home to various forms of flora and fauna. The human Guardians the invisible Refusians, giant beings rendered invisible by in charge of the craft run a tight ship: failure to conform solar flares. They welcome their guests and have been ex- to rules means either death or miniaturisation until they pecting them but only want to share the planet with other reach their destination, an Earth-like planet called Refusis peaceful beings. Monoid 2 and Yendom flee the castle, II, which takes nearly 700 years to get to. As an amuse- and en route Yendom realises the humans will not be al- ment during the journey a vast statue is being carved by lowed to reach Refusis with the Monoids. Monoid 2 kills hand, depicting a human being. him and is shortly afterward killed himself when the landing pod explodes. Dodo’s cold has now spread amongst the Monoid and human populations, but regrettably, they have little nat- The tension of the situation foments dissent in the Monoid ural immunity. When the Commander of the Ark col- ranks, with Monoid 4 openly opposing Monoid 1’s plans lapses with the malady, the whole ship is placed on alert to abandon the humans and colonise Refusis without 66 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3 more checks on the planet. Three launchers are sent to the pong ball in his mouth to represent the alien’s single eye. planet, Monoids 1 and 4 commanding them, and when the The upper portion of the actor’s face was hidden by a wig. crews emerge Monoid 4 interprets the destroyed landing pod as evidence of the danger that Monoid 1 has led them to. A civil war erupts between the two Monoid factions. Cast notes The Doctor, Dodo and a Refusian use the confusion to steal one of the launchers and pilot back to the Ark. Roy Spencer later played Frank Harris in Fury from the Deep. Terence Bayler later played Major Barrington in The Monoids have placed a bomb on board the ship and The War Games. Australian actor Bill Hunter played one plan to evacuate soon to the planet surface, leaving the hu- of the Guardians however remained uncredited.[5][6] mans to die on the spaceship. Word of this threat spreads and spurs a human rebellion. The arrival of the Doc- Richard Beale, who provided the disemboded voice of tor and the Refusian spur things along, and they soon re- the invisible Refusian, later played Bat Masterson in The alise the bomb has been placed in the head of the statue. Gunfighters. Thankfully the Refusian is able to help dispose of the statue into space before the bomb explodes. The humans now begin to land on Refusis themselves, having been of- 3.6.3 Broadcast and reception fered support on peaceful terms by the Refusians. Many Reviewing the serial in 2009, Patrick Mulkern of Radio of the Monoids have been killed in their civil war and Times stated, “The concept is fine, especially with the those that remain are offered peaceful settlement along- time-lapse cliffhanger to episode two ... Otherwise the side the other two species. plot is lacking in dramatic incident and there are often Once more the TARDIS departs, and this time the curios- tracts of extreme tedium.”[10] He felt that the Guardians ity is that the Doctor simply vanishes from the TARDIS did not have enough time to develop and called the control room… Monoids “somewhat ludicrous”, though he did praise the direction, music, and effects.[10] DVD Talk's John Sin- nott gave the serial three and a half out of four stars, Continuity writing that the first half was “slow” but became interesting when the TARDIS crew returned.[11] Arnold T In The Ark in Space, the Earth was also evacuated be- Blumburg of IGN rated the serial an eight out of ten, cause of solar flare activity that rendered the biosphere highlighting the “snappy and exciting” pace and the “sur- uninhabitable for five thousand years. There, however, prisingly top-notch” production values, aside from the the survivors of mankind slept in suspended animation Monoids.[12] SFX reviewer Ian Barriman rated it three out and returned to repopulate the planet after that period of five stars, describing it as “quaint” with the Monoids had passed. being “laughable” villains.[13] However, he did note the The Earth is seen trailing smoke as it heads towards the ambition of the story, that it was faster-paced than oth- Sun at the close of episode two. The Doctor estimates ers at the time, and the “positively epic” sets.[13] Brian the date as 10,000,000. In the 2005 episode "The End J. Robb of Dreamwatch praised the direction but wrote of the World", Earth is finally destroyed by the expand- that the “ambitious story that fails miserably thanks to ing Sun around AD 5,000,000,000. Series writer Paul the less-than-stellar Monoids”.[14] Charlie Jane Anders of Cornell opines that the fictional Time War alluded to in io9 listed the cliffhanger of “The Plague” — in which the the revived series of Doctor Who rewrote some historical TARDIS crew leave and return in the future — as one of events, among them the destruction of Earth.[2] the greatest Doctor Who cliffhangers in a 2010 article.[15] The Monoids also feature in the Bernice Summerfield audio drama The Kingdom of the Blind by Big Finish Pro- 3.6.4 Commercial releases ductions. In print 3.6.2 Production A novelisation of this serial, written by Paul Erickson, was Although Lesley Scott is credited as a co-writer, she does published by Target Books in October 1986. not appear to have done any actual work on the scripts. Her then-husband, Paul Erickson requested that she be Home media given a credit, but her name appears on no other related [3] documents. A Lesley Scott was credited as a contribu- This story was released on VHS, in 1998. It was later tor to the Dr. Who Annuals published by World Distribu- [4] released on CD with linking narration by Peter Purves. tors/World International, but it is not clear whether this The CD also includes an interview with Peter about this is the same person. story and his time on Doctor Who.[16] This CD is available The Monoids were played by actors, each holding a ping- as an Audio Book on the iTunes Store. 3.7. THE CELESTIAL TOYMAKER 67

The Ark was released on DVD on 14 February 2011 in Reviews region 2, and on 8 March 2011 in Region 1. • The Ark reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide 3.6.5 References • The Ark reviews at Outpost Gallifrey

[1] Re-use of music recorded for The Daleks Target novelisation [2] Paul Cornell (2007-02-10). “PaulCornell.com: Canonic- ity in Doctor Who”. Paulcornell.blogspot.com. Retrieved • On Target — The Ark 2013-10-09. [3] Pixley, Andrew, “Doctor Who Archive: The Ark,” Doctor Who Magazine, #228, 2 August 1995, Marvel Comics 3.7 The Celestial Toymaker UK, Ltd., p. 26.

[4] Pixley, Andrew, "The Ark: Archive Extra,” Doctor Who This article is about the episode. For the titular character, Magazine Special Edition, #7, 12 May 2004 (The Complete see Celestial Toymaker. First Doctor), Panini Comics, p. 73.

[5] Muriel’s Wedding star Bill Hunter 'gravely ill', ninemsn, The Celestial Toymaker is the sixth story of the third sea- 18 May 2011. son in the British science fiction television programme [6] Production notes, The Ark DVD, BBC. Doctor Who. In it the Doctor and his companions are pit- ted against a powerful adversary called the Celestial Toy- [7] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Arc”. Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008-03-31. Re- maker. He separates the Doctor from his companions, trieved 2008-08-30. and all are forced to win a series of games before they can be reunited and return to the TARDIS. [8] “The Ark”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved 2008-08-30. It was first broadcast in four weekly parts from 2 to 23 April 1966. Only the last episode of this story, “The Final [9] Sullivan, Shannon (2005-04-29). “The Ark”. A Brief Test”, is held in the BBC archives; the other three remain History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. missing. “The Final Test” has been released on VHS and [10] Mulkern, Patrick (7 March 2009). “Doctor Who: The DVD, and the story has been novelised. Ark”. Radio Times. Retrieved 19 January 2013. [11] Sinnott, John (16 March 2011). “Doctor Who: The Ark”. 3.7.1 Plot DVD Talk. Retrieved 19 January 2013. [12] Blumburg, Arnold T (8 March 2011). “Doctor Who: The An alien intelligence has invaded the TARDIS and ren- Ark DVD Review”. IGN. Retrieved 20 January 2013. dered the First Doctor invisible, leaving Dodo Chaplet [13] Berriman, Ian (11 February 2011). “Doctor Who: The and Steven Taylor incredulous. They step outside into Ark - DVD review”. SFX. Retrieved 19 January 2013. a strange realm where the Doctor reappears, saying he recognises the place they are in. They have come to the [14] Robb, Brian J (15 February 2011). “Doctor Who: The realm of the Celestial Toymaker, an eternal being of in- Ark”. Dreamwatch. Archived from the original on 6 June finite power who sets games and traps for the unwary so 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2013. that they become his toys and playthings. The TARDIS [15] Anders, Charlie Jane (31 August 2010). “Greatest Doctor is removed to prevent their escape and hidden with hun- Who cliffhangers of all time!". io9. Retrieved 19 January dreds of facsimiles to prevent detection. The Doctor and 2013. the Toymaker have faced each other before, and the Toy- [16] “Doctor Who: The Ark (TV soundtrack)". Big Finish maker abducts his old adversary to another place. The Productions. Retrieved 23 November 2012. Doctor appears in the Toymaker’s study where he is given the Trilogic game, a ten piece Tower of Hanoi puzzle whose pieces must all be moved and remounted in a pre- 3.6.6 External links cisely correct 1023-move sequence to ensure success at the game. Screens are placed in the two rooms which • The Ark at BBC Online transmit the progress of the Doctor to his friends and vice • versa. When the Doctor tries to communicate with his friends he is rendered invisible, unable to offer any ad- • The Ark on TARDIS Data Core, an external wiki vice or support. The game is advanced automatically to a further stage, with the Toymaker warning the Doctor that • The Ark at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time both parties must finish their tasks at the same time to win (Travel) the game. A similar transgression later leads to him being • The Ark at the Doctor Who Reference Guide made mute. 68 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3

Steven and Dodo face different challenges. The first to turned to visibility and voice, and holds the final piece appear are two clowns, Joey and Clara, full of childish of the puzzle in his hand. The three friends are now re- tricks and a rather dangerous game of Blind Man’s Bluff united, with Steven and Dodo sent into the TARDIS for based on buzzed clues, which is not as simple as it first safety while the Toymaker challenges the Doctor to com- seems. The clowns are made to replay the game when plete the Game. The Doctor realises that when he makes it is clear they are cheating, and the second time round the move and the Game is won, the Toymaker’s domain Joey loses his footing on an obstacle course and the chal- will disappear – and the TARDIS with it. He cleverly or- lengers are transformed into twisted dolls on the floor. ders the last piece to move using the Toymaker’s voice Steven and Dodo then venture down a corridor into an- from inside the TARDIS, allowing them to depart while other chamber with three beautiful chairs and a challenge the Toymaker’s world is destroyed. The Doctor celebrates from living playing cards, the King and Queen of Hearts, with a sweet from a bag given to Dodo by Cyril, but it along with a Knave and a Joker. An adjoining room has a leaves him in agony. further four chairs and Steven deduces from a rhyme that six of the seven chairs are deadly to sit on. Seven mannequins are provided to be used for testing on the chairs. Continuity The King and Queen play alongside them, and some of The character of the Toymaker and his portrayer, Michael the mannequins are destroyed as seats are proven unsafe Gough, were set to return in Season 23 in a story titled The and eliminated. Dodo herself sits in the freezing chair and Nightmare Fair with the Sixth Doctor and Peri Brown. starts to freeze, only being rescued in the nick of time. However, that season was placed on hiatus by then BBC The King and Queen, however, are trapped when they sit Controller Michael Grade and when the hiatus was over, in a chair which folds in on them, with Cyril, the Knave, all of the original stories were dropped in favour of the and the Joker having abandoned them to their games. The season-long story The Trial of a Time Lord. King and Queen revert to their playing card form. The Nightmare Fair was later released in May 1989 as a The next hurdle for Steven and Dodo are the comical Sgt. novel (ISBN 0426203348) under the same title, and then Rugg and Mrs. Wiggs, who hold court in a kitchen. They again in 2009 as an audio play by Big Finish, featuring challenge them to hunt the thimble – or rather the key to the two of the original TV cast, Colin Baker and Nicola the exit door – beyond which the TARDIS is presumed to Bryant, and with David Bailie as the Toymaker. The char- be. Rugg and Wiggs are soon fighting, hurling crockery acter of the Toymaker also appeared in the BBC Books and food around, and in the chaos Dodo finds the key in- Fifth Doctor Past Doctor Adventures novel Divided Loy- side the large pie which Mrs Wiggs was making. She and alties by Gary Russell (which reveals that the Celestial Steven depart and enter another room with the dancing Toymaker is of the Guardian alien race, as well as reveal- floor. There they encounter the three mannequins not de- ing the details of the First Doctor’s original encounter stroyed by the chairs, who transform into ballerinas, and with the Toymaker while he was still at the Academy). start to dance. At the far end of the floor is indeed the He is also seen in Doctor Who Magazine ' s first Eighth TARDIS. Sgt Rugg and Mrs Wiggs turn up too, deter- Doctor comic strip “End Game”. The Toymaker also mined to please the Toymaker and stop Steven and Dodo appears in two original Big Finish audio plays: with the from reaching their craft. Steven and Dodo get trapped Seventh Doctor in The Magic Mousetrap and with com- as partners with two of the dolls, and only manage to panion Charlotte Pollard in Solitaire. David Bailie again free themselves by swapping their partners for each other. played the role. They pelt on to the TARDIS, leaving Wiggs and Rugg to their fates, but the police box is once more a fake. A picture of Clara the clown appears on Sarah Jane’s laptop in The Sarah Jane Adventures story The Day of the With the Doctor making good progress with the Trilogic Clown. Game, the Toymaker now chooses Cyril the schoolboy to take on his companions. Dodo and Steven now find themselves in a vast game of hopscotch against the schoolboy, 3.7.2 Production who delights in tricks and traps to prevent them winning. The TARDIS is the alluring prize at the end of the game, All episodes of this story except the fourth episode, “The and dice throws are required to be won to reach it, rely- Final Test”, are missing from the BBC archives. ing on luck, and avoid the electrified spaces beyond the raised triangles that make up the game spaces. Also, if Working titles for this story included The Toymaker and a player lands on a triangle that is already occupied, the The Trilogic Game. Brian Hayles was unavailable to do first player has to return to the start. It is, however, Cyril necessary rewrites, so then script editor Donald Tosh per- who literally falls foul of his own traps when he slips on a formed them. As Tosh would no longer be script edi- triangle he has booby-trapped and is electrocuted. Dodo tor by the time the story was transmitted, he agreed with and Steven thus reach the TARDIS. Hayles to take the writer’s credit, with Hayles being credited for the idea. After Tosh finished work on the scripts, In the Toymaker’s study at the same time, the Doctor is his successor, Gerry Davis, was forced to make further at the final stage of the Trilogic Game. He has been re- rewrites due to a budget shortfall. Tosh was unhappy with 3.7. THE CELESTIAL TOYMAKER 69

the rewrites and refused to be credited, while Davis could 1986. It is one of the few Doctor Who novels (original or not take a credit because he was the series’ script editor. adapted) to be written by more than one person. As a result of this, Hayles was the sole credited author on the final serial, despite the fact that he had not worked on it in three months and the final scripts bore little to no Home media resemblance to what he wrote. The fourth episode, “The Final Test”, was released on William Hartnell was on holiday during the second and The Hartnell Years VHS in 1991, albeit with the “Next third episodes, “The Hall of Dolls” and “The Dancing Episode” caption rather clumsily cut from the cliffhanger Floor”. Pre-recordings of his voice were heard in episode scene (this was unavoidable, as the 16mm black & white two and Albert Ward was a hand double (sporting the film telerecording was itself incomplete). In Novem- Doctor’s ring) for scenes where the mostly invisible Doc- ber 2004, “The Final Test” was released in digitally tor played the Trilogic Game throughout the story. The re-mastered form (with the “Next Episode” caption re- story was commissioned by producer John Wiles, who left stored) on DVD in Region 1 and Region 2 in a three-disc the series before it was recorded after several clashes with Lost in Time box set. William Hartnell. His intention was to replace Hartnell in the role of the Doctor during the story, having the char- Soundtrack recordings made by fans, coupled with link- acter reappear in a new guise after the invisibility was ing narration by Peter Purves, also facilitated the story’s removed by the Toymaker. The BBC’s head of serials, CD release. In the second episode, “The Hall of Dolls”, Gerald Savory, vetoed the idea, leading to Wiles quitting the King of Hearts recites a version of the children’s in protest.[1] rhyme Eeny, meeny, miny, moe which includes the racial slur "nigger" in the second line — the use of which was actually still acceptable in 1966. The rhyme is still Cast notes present on the audio release, but to avoid offending modern audiences this section is obscured by part of Peter [7] Michael Gough would return to the programme in the Arc Purves’s narration. The three missing episodes have of Infinity. Peter Stephens returned to play Lolem in the been reconstructed by Loose Cannon Productions with Second Doctor story The Underwater Menace. Carmen stills and the complete soundtrack. Silvera later appeared in Invasion of the Dinosaurs. 3.7.5 References

3.7.3 Broadcast and reception [1] “Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide - Season 3”. BBC. Retrieved 2013-10-07. BBC Television, the producers, received complaints from lawyers acting on behalf of the late Frank Richards’ es- [2] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Celestial Toy- tate. The character Cyril (played by Peter Stephens) was maker”. Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008-03-31. Retrieved 2008-08-30. said to bear a remarkable resemblance to Billy Bunter. The BBC subsequently issued a disclaimer saying that [3] “The Celestial Toymaker”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Cyril was merely “Bunter-like”.[5] Retrieved 2008-08-30.

The BBC’s Audience Research Report on the ﬁnal [4] Sullivan, Shannon (2005-04-28). “The Celestial Toy- episode found that it “had little appeal for a large propor- maker”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008- tion of the sample, over a third of whom actually disliked 08-30. it.” Some found the episode to be lacking in action and it was also criticised for 'ham' acting, although other view- [5] Cyril or Billy? The resemblance causes allegations of ers had enjoyed the cast’s performance. The audience plagiarism against Doctor Who’s producers, the BBC: sample mostly found the story as a whole to be too diﬀer- IMDB.com website. Retrieved 24 February 2008. ent to the usual Doctor Who story format, being more of a [6] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ whimsical fantasy. The most critical viewers dismissed it celestialtoymaker/detail.shtml as “ridiculous rubbish”, others said that although disliking it themselves, their children had enjoyed it.[6] [7] Audio release censorship? Ian T. Williams’ personal website FAQs. Retrieved 24 February 2008.

3.7.4 Commercial releases 3.7.6 External links

In print • The Celestial Toymaker at BBC Online

A novelisation of this serial, written by Gerry Davis and • The Celestial Toymaker at Doctor Who: A Brief Alison Bingeman, was published by Target Books in June History of Time (Travel) 70 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3

• The Celestial Toymaker at the Doctor Who Refer- Holliday is initially happy to let him be shot in his place, ence Guide allowing the real Doc to disappear, but Kate intervenes to ensure the Doctor survives. This buys some time until Holliday relents and hides in an upstairs chamber of Reviews the hotel, firing his gun at appropriate moments to con the Clantons into thinking the Doctor is indeed Holliday • The Celestial Toymaker reviews at The Doctor Who the sharpshooter. Soon afterward Wyatt Earp and Sheriff Ratings Guide Bat Masterson arrive and break up the fracas, taking the • The Celestial Toymaker reviews at Outpost Gallifrey Doctor into custody for his own protection. Steven now becomes embroiled in a plot to smuggle the Doctor a gun to help free him from the jailhouse, but the Doctor re- Target novelisation fuses to be armed. Steven is shortly afterward confronted by a rabble wound up by the Clantons, who are intent on • On Target — The Celestial Toymaker lynching him as an associate of the disreputable Holliday. Once more it is Earp and Masterson who defuse the situation, and also take Phin Clanton into custody to ensure Audio adaptation the co-operation of his brothers. The Doctor and Steven • The Celestial Toymaker audio reviews at Outpost are freed and told to leave town as soon as possible. Gallifrey Dodo has meanwhile fallen in with Kate and Doc, who both plan to leave town and take her with them. When Seth Harper stumbles across their escape plans, Holli- 3.8 The Gunfighters day kills him, and the trio then depart. Harper’s role as aide to the Clantons is soon replaced by a new arrival, Johnny Ringo, who shoots local barman Charlie by way This article is about the Doctor Who serial. For the 1947 of an introduction to the town of Tombstone. The Doctor film, see The Gunfighter (film). For other uses, see The and Steven return to the Last Chance Saloon in search of Gunfighters (disambiguation). Dodo and encounter the dangerous Ringo. Wyatt Earp’s brothers Warren and Virgil have meanwhile The Gunfighters is the seventh serial of the third season arrived at Tombstone to help him enforce the law. The in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, Doctor soon tells them that Ringo is in town. Events take which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from 30 a harsh turn when the other Clanton brothers visit the jail April to 21 May 1966. This serial was set in 19th Century to free Phin, killing Warren Earp in the process. America on the days leading up to the famous Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. Meanwhile, Steven heads out of town to look for Dodo with Ringo in tow in search of Holliday. Steven and Kate end up being taken by Ringo to the Clanton ranch where 3.8.1 Plot the Clantons recamp and tell their father, Pa Clanton, that they have killed an Earp. Wyatt Earp swears vengeance In the frontier town of Tombstone, Arizona, the trou- and starts to build a posse of lawmen to deal with the blesome Clanton brothers, Ike, Phineas and Billy, are in Clantons once and for all. Doc Holliday returns to Tomb- town in search of Doc Holliday to settle an old score over stone with Dodo, and offers his services to his old friend the death of another brother called Reuben. They meet Earp too. Attempts by the Doctor to defuse the situa- up with their hired hand Seth Harper at the Last Chance tion amount to little: there will be a gunfight at the O.K. Saloon. He knows what Holliday looks like and describes Corral. On the one side are the three Clanton brothers his coat and demeanour. This is overheard by bar singer and Johnny Ringo; on the other, the two Earps and Doc Kate, who lets her paramour Holliday know he is in dan- Holliday. At the end of the gunfight Ringo and the three ger. Clantons are shot dead. Shortly thereafter, the Doctor, The TARDIS has arrived in a nearby stable, with the Steven and Dodo slip away in the TARDIS. Doctor in agony from toothache. He and his compan- They arrive on a strange planet, and decide to go out and ions Steven Taylor and Dodo Chaplet, dressed as cow- have a look. As they leave, a strange man is seen ap- boys, soon encounter local marshal Wyatt Earp, who of- proaching the TARDIS on the scanner. fers them his protection and warns them to keep his counsel. The Doctor finds the dentist – Holliday himself - while Dodo and Steven book rooms at the local hotel. 3.8.2 Production There they are mocked by the Clantons, who suspect the Doctor they refer to is Holliday himself. Seth Harper is The working title for this story was The Gunslingers.[1] sent to the dentist’s surgery and invites the Doctor, tooth This was the last serial of the classic series to have in- removed, to the hotel in five minutes to meet his friends. dividual episode titles. From The Savages on, each se- 3.8. THE GUNFIGHTERS 71

rial had an overall title divided into numbered parts or viewers—belonged to the episode “The Feast of Steven” episodes. The caption at the end of “The OK Corral” from The Daleks’ Master Plan. Each episode of the serial reads “Next Episode: Dr. Who and the Savages”.[2] was also beaten by the serials, which were respectively According to About Time by Tat Wood and Lawrence broadcast in similar April–May slots in 1965 (The Space Miles, this was the first Western made for British tele- Museum) and in 1964 (The Keys of Marinus). vision. While not the lowest-rated Doctor Who story of all time, or even the lowest-rated Hartnell story, The Gunfighters did open a sustained period of significantly lower ratings Cast notes for the program that would last almost the entirety of the remainder of the First Doctor’s era. Beginning with “The Dalek voice actor David Graham played Charlie the O.K. Corral” — the very same episode that received the barman.[3] He later played Kerensky in City of Death. lowest Audience Appreciation figures of any Doctor Who Doc Holliday was played by Anthony Jacobs, whose son episode — no Hartnell episode would top 6 million view- Matthew visited the set during production of the serial. ers until Episode 2 of his final story, The Tenth Planet. Thirty years later, Matthew Jacobs wrote the script for the 1996 Doctor Who television movie. Contemporary viewers were unimpressed by the story; the BBC’s Audience Research Report on the final episode Laurence Payne later played Morix in The Leisure Hive noted several negative reactions including: “has dete- and Dastari in The Two Doctors. Lynda Baron would later riorated from pure science-fiction into third-rate story appear in the serial Enlightenment, in the role of Captain telling”, “The story was hackneyed, ridiculous and dull”, Wrack, and as Val in the 2011 episode "Closing Time". “A weak and puerile plot”, and “The script, even for a Richard Beale, who played Bat Masterson, had previously children’s programme, was absolute rubbish”.[3] provided the voice of a disembodied Refusian in The Ark. Reviewing the serial in 2009, Mark Braxton of Radio Times gave The Gunfighters a mixed review, explaining Music that could divide opinion. While he praised the set design, he criticised “The Ballad of the Last Chance Sa- This story is notable for being the first Doctor Who loon”, Steven and Dodo’s costumes, and the “American” episodes to contain musical narration, in the form of the accents. Overall, he felt that the narrative could use some- “Ballad of the Last Chance Saloon”. It was sung by Lynda thing else, like a science fiction element or a philosophical Baron and written by Tristram Cary.[3] The ballad itself discussion from the Doctor.[7] DVD Talk's John Sinnott is included as an extra on the CD soundtrack release. The gave the serial two and a half out of five stars, describing notion of commissioning original songs for Doctor Who it as “decent” with “a lot going for it” that was marred would resume when the series was revived in 2005, be- by Purves’ overracting, the accents, and especially “The ginning with “Song for Ten” in "The Christmas Invasion". Ballad of the Last Chance Saloon”.[8] More positively, IGN reviewer Arnold T Blumburg rated the serial 7 out of 10, praising Hartnell and the production values, as well 3.8.3 Broadcast and reception as the high energy and enthusiasm. While he also derided the ballad, he wrote that “the accents really aren't all that A common myth is that this story has the lowest ratings bad”.[9] Neela Debnath of The Independent stated that of any Doctor Who story.[3] This myth likely stems from younger viewers would enjoy it as an adventure, while a misunderstanding of the difference between audience older audiences would appreciate the satire.[10] Paul Cor- share and Audience Appreciation scores. The former nell, Martin Day and Keith Topping described the serial indicates the size of the viewing audience and the lat- as “a comic masterpiece, winning one over with its sheer ter is based on a survey gauging the viewers’ opinions of charm.”[3] the programme. In fact, the audience size for the serial ranged from 6.5 million viewers for the first episode to 5.7 million for the last. However, the Audience Appre- 3.8.4 Commercial releases ciation scores for the last three episodes equalled or went below the lowest scores for Doctor Who, with the very In print last episode, “The O.K. Corral”, having a score of 30%, the lowest ever to date. A novelisation of this serial, written by Donald Cotton, That said, the story did post ratings that were disappoint- was published by Target Books in July 1985. It is narrated ing by a number of different measures. The Gunfighters in first person by Doc Holliday (a framing scene intro- represented a significant decrease over the previous se- duces him on his deathbed) and makes a major change in rial, The Celestial Toymaker, which had ranged from 7.8 the character of Johnny Ringo by depicting him as a stu- to 9.4 million viewers. Each episode of The Gunfighters dent of the classics. An unabridged reading of the novel- was also significantly lower than for the first 18 weeks of isation, read by Shane Rimmer, was released in February Season 3, wherein the lowest-rated week—at 7.9 million 2013. 72 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3

Home media Reviews

This serial was released on VHS in a box-set containing • The Gunfighters reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings the final three complete Hartnell-era serials to be released Guide in this format (The Sensorites and The Time Meddler) in • November 2002. In 2007, it was released on CD, with The Gunfighters reviews at Outpost Gallifrey linking narration, the entire “Ballad of the Last Chance [11] Saloon”, and a bonus interview from Peter Purves. It Target novelisation was released on DVD in a box set named Earth Story along with The Awakening on 20 June 2011. • The Gunfighters novelisation reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide

3.8.5 References • The Gunfighters novelisation reviews at Outpost Gallifrey [1] Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James (1994). Doctor Who The Handbook - The First Doctor. • On Target — The Gunfighters London: Doctor Who Books. p. 126. ISBN 0 426 20430 1. [2] Howe, David J.; Walker, Stephen James (1998). “The 3.9 The Savages Gunfighters: Things to watch out for...”. Doctor Who: The Television Companion. London: BBC Worldwide. p. 89. ISBN 0 563 40588 0. Retrieved 7 March 2011. The Savages is the completely missing eighth serial of the third season in the British science fiction television se- [3] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ ries Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly gunfighters/detail.shtml parts from 28 May to 18 June 1966. This serial marks [4] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Gunfighters”. the final appearance of Peter Purves as companion Steven Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008- Taylor. Although audio recordings, still photographs, and 03-31. Retrieved 2008-08-30. clips of the story exist, no episodes of this serial are known to have survived. [5] “The Gunfighters”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- trieved 2008-08-30.

[6] Sullivan, Shannon (2005-04-29). “The Gunfighters”.A 3.9.1 Plot Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. The TARDIS materialises on a distant planet in the far [7] Braxton, Mark (21 March 2009). “Doctor Who: The future. The Doctor, Steven and Dodo find the planet in- Gunfighters”. Radio Times. Retrieved 20 January 2013. habited by both an advanced, idyllic civilisation (the El- [8] Sinnott, John (21 June 2011). “Doctor Who: The Gun- ders), and bands of roaming savages. The Elders wel- fighters — Episode 25”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 20 January come the Doctor, greeting him as “The Traveller from 2013. Beyond Time” and revealing they have admired his ex- ploits from afar and predicted that he would soon be ar- [9] Blumburg, Arnold T (12 July 2011). “Doctor Who–The Gunfighters DVD Review”. IGN. Retrieved 20 January riving here. Their leader Jano showers the Doctor and 2013. his companions with compliments and gifts, reinforcing the idyllic nature of the society of the Elders. However, [10] Debnath, Neela (21 March 2012). “Review of Doctor the Doctor becomes suspicious of the Elders’ seemingly Who 'The Gunfighters’ (Series 3)". The Independent. Re- perfect civilisation, but it is Dodo who finds the secret. trieved 20 January 2013. The soldiers Exorse and Edal are sent outside the Elder [11] “Doctor Who: The Gunfighters (TV Soundtrack) (TV city and use advanced weapons to capture the savages, en- soundtrack)". BBC Audiobooks. Retrieved 14 March trapping them and returning them to the city. The Elders 2015. are only able to maintain the energy needed to run their civilisation by draining the life force of the helpless savages. The Doctor, appalled, tries to stop the Elders and 3.8.6 External links persuade them of the wrong they are doing by building a civilisation on such immoral grounds. • The Gunfighters at BBC Online Jano’s response is to have the Doctor himself subjected • The Gunfighters at Doctor Who: A Brief History of to the energy transfer process. The Doctor is put into Time (Travel) the transfer device and his life force is channelled into • The Gunfighters at the Doctor Who Reference Guide the Elder Jano, who desires his intelligence. Yet the plan backfires when the Doctor’s personality takes over Jano, • The Whoniverse’s review on The Gunfighters imbuing him with the Doctor’s mannerisms, outlook and 3.9. THE SAVAGES 73

morality. The two identities cause Jano a personality cri- Home media sis. Dodo and Steven have meanwhile ventured outside the city and made contact with the savage leaders Chal The complete soundtrack recordings, as recorded off- and Tor, who are respectively pleased and antagonised air by fans and coupled with linking narration by Peter by their presence. The savages are the remnants of a once Purves, has been released on CD. All four episodes of highly skilled and artistic race, but over the centuries the this serial are missing from the BBC archive. A few brief energy transfer process has stymied their creativity and off-air 8 mm film recordings made by fans represent the ability. Chal hides the two fugitives in a deep cave system, only extant clips (which include the departure of Steven) pursued by the guard Exorse, whom Steven overpowers. and were made available on the DVD box set release Lost They return to the city and find a weak but determined in Time. A reconstruction has been made with telesnaps, Doctor, and help him escape the city. production stills and the complete soundtrack. The time travellers now help the Savages fight back against the Elder guards. The Doctor realises that the El- ders must be forced, not persuaded, to change their ways 3.9.4 References as their whole civilisation must change overnight. His mixed personality convinces Jano to help the Savages and [1] “Tony Holland (EastEnders creator/writer)". Roobarb’s he tries to convince the other Elders to treat the Savages Forum. Retrieved 28 September 2010. as equals, while Exorse too has realised the error of his ways. Jano and Exorse begin the destruction of the tech- [2] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Savages”. Out- post Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. nology underpinning the society and are soon joined in Retrieved 2008-08-30. the destruction by the Doctor, Steven and Dodo. The end of the technology means the end of the oppression, and [3] “The Savages”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Retrieved Jano and Chal begin to talk of how a new society can be 2008-08-30. built together. The Doctor surprises Steven by convincing him to remain behind as a mediator. When both sides [4] Sullivan, Shannon (2005-04-29). “The Savages”. A Brief agree to accept Steven’s decision, he decides to stay. The History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. Doctor and a saddened Dodo bid their friend goodbye. [5] Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James (1994). Doctor Who The Handbook - The First Doctor. London: Doctor Who Books. p. 130. ISBN 0 426 20430 3.9.2 Production 1.

Working titles for this story included The White Sav- ages.[5] This was the ﬁrst serial of the series to have an 3.9.5 External links overall title divided into numbered parts or episodes. All stories up until and including The Gunﬁghters had indi- • The Savages at BBC Online vidual episode titles for each episode. • The Savages photonovel at BBC Online

Cast notes • The Savages at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time (Travel) Clare Jenkins later played Tanya Lernov in The Wheel in • Space and The War Games. Frederick Jaeger later played The Savages at the Doctor Who Reference Guide Sorenson in Planet of Evil and Professor Marius in The • Invisible Enemy. Ewen Solon appeared as Vishinsky in Doctor Who Locations - The Savages Planet of Evil. Patrick Godfrey later played Major Cos- worth in The Mind of Evil. Robert Sidaway later played Captain Turner in The Invasion. Kay Patrick previously Reviews appears as Poppaea in The Romans. • The Savages reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide

3.9.3 Commercial releases • The Savages reviews at Outpost Gallifrey

In print Target novelisation A novelisation of this serial, written by Ian Stuart Black, was published by Target Books in March 1986. • On Target — The Savages 74 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3

3.10 The War Machines trolled, Dodo gives herself away by revealing that the War Machines are being “constructed in strategic points The War Machines is the ninth and final serial of the in London”. The Doctor breaks WOTAN’s hypnotic con- third season in the British science fiction television se- trol over her, and she is sent to stay with Sir Charles’ wife ries Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in 4 weekly in the country to recover. parts from 25 June to 16 July 1966. This serial marks When Polly fails to show up to a luncheon with Ben, the the departure of Jackie Lane as Dodo Chaplet and also Doctor sends the lad to investigate the area around the the first appearance of Michael Craze and Anneke Wills nightclub, after reading about the death of the tramp in as new pending companions Ben Jackson and Polly. It the newspaper. Ben also discovers the War Machine in is also the only complete serial to feature Anneke Wills the warehouse, now fully assembled and being tested un- and Michael Craze, and the final complete serial from the der Major Green’s supervision. Ben is detected by the William Hartnell era. Machine, and caught by the now hypnotised Polly. How- ever, Ben is spared when Polly states that “WOTAN re- quires all the slave labour we can find”. While working 3.10.1 Plot with the others, Ben learns that the 12 War Machines are to attack at noon the next day. He escapes, although seen The TARDIS lands in London, near the Post Office yet not stopped by Polly, and alerts the Doctor and Sir Tower. The Doctor is unsettled by a sensation of a strange Charles. Polly is sent back to the Tower to be punished energy nearby. Visiting the newly completed Tower, by WOTAN. the Doctor and Dodo meet Professor Brett, the creator Under Sir Charles’ instruction, an army taskforce inves- of WOTAN (Will Operating Thought ANalogue), an tigates the warehouse, but their weapons are somehow advanced problem-solving computer that thinks for it- disabled by the War Machine. They are forced to re- self. Curiously, WOTAN even knows what the word treat, but when Doctor stands defiantly before the Ma- 'TARDIS' stands for. In four days time, on C-Day, chine as it emerges from the warehouse, it stops - it had WOTAN will be linked to other major computers to take not been completely programmed. With the deactivation them over, including those of the White House, Cape of Machine 3, the workmen, including Major Green, are Kennedy and the Royal Navy. released from its control. Examining the Machine’s pro- Dodo goes with Polly, Brett’s secretary, to the local In- gramming, the Doctor learns that the 11 others have been ferno nightclub, where they meet Able Seaman Ben Jack- built across London, and are meant to attack at noon to- son, while the Doctor attends a Royal Scientific Club day. Soon after, there are reports of another War Ma- meeting about WOTAN, led by Sir Charles Summer. Be- chine - Machine 9 - taking to the streets, having gone fore Brett can depart the GPO Tower for the meeting, he rogue while it was being tested. With the help of the is hypnotised by a humming noise emitted by WOTAN. army, the Doctor traps the Machine in an electromag- He then fetches Krimpton, an electronics colleague, from netic forcefield - paralysing it - and reprogrammes it to the meeting and takes him to WOTAN, who is like- destroy WOTAN. Ben goes to the GPO Tower ahead of wise possessed by the computer. Major Green, the chief Machine 9, and drags Polly out of the WOTAN room as of security in the Tower, is also taken over, and sends the Machine enters and attacks the immobile computer. WOTAN’s control signals to Dodo at the nightclub via Krimpton is killed, but WOTAN is destroyed before it telephone. Going to the tower, WOTAN tells her “Doc- can give the order for the other 10 War Machines to com- tor Who is required. Bring him here.” mence their attack - and Brett and all the others who have WOTAN has concluded that mankind cannot develop the been hypnotised return to normal. world any further, and intends to take over using an army Ben and Polly meet the Doctor at the TARDIS, to explain of War Machines - mobile computers like itself. Using that Dodo has decided to stay in London. The Doctor its hypnotic control, WOTAN enlists a workforce to con- thanks them and heads into the police box - followed by struct 12 War Machines around London, which is the first Ben and Polly, who enter the TARDIS with the intent capital to become controlled. One of these machines is to return Dodo’s key, which the Doctor dropped earlier. built in a warehouse in Covent Garden, close to the In- They are then suddenly whisked off into time and space... ferno nightclub. Dodo, the Doctor, Ben and Polly leave for Sir Charles’ residence, where the Doctor has been invited to stay, in a taxi that drops off a tramp by the night- Continuity club. Looking for a place to sleep, the tramp discovers Brett and a workforce building Machine 3 in the ware- WOTAN refers to the Doctor as “Doctor Who” – the only house. The tramp is caught, and killed when he tries to time the character is ever given this name within the se- escape. ries’ narrative (though he was credited as such in the end The next day, Dodo manages to get the Doctor to tele- titles from the start of Season 1 until the end of Season 18 phone Brett at the GPO Tower, and he is nearly pos- of the classic series, and then again in Series 1 of the new sessed by WOTAN. Thinking the Doctor is now con- series). WOTAN also manages to discern the meaning 3.10. THE WAR MACHINES 75

of the acronym TARDIS. This serial is the only time dur- tle overlay, after the “Doctor Who” logo has faded, the ing the black-and-white era of the series when the crew screen shifts to a solid background containing four in- of the TARDIS is completely replaced, with the Doctor versely coloured rectangles aligned down the left-hand being the only continuing character. This serial marks side (reminiscent to an old-style computer punch card). the last appearance of the St. John Ambulance emblem The title, one word at a time, scrolls upwards - “THE”, on the TARDIS' exterior door until the Eleventh Doctor's “WAR”, “MACH”, “INES” - with a final flash display- tenure begins in 2010’s "The Eleventh Hour". ing the complete title on two lines. Another flash reveals The story appears to end on 20 July 1966 - the date given the writer, the next flash reveals the word “EPISODE”, and the final flash shows the actual episode number. All in dialogue for the Second Doctor story The Faceless Ones, also set in London, where Ben states that that is of the lettering displayed in this titling sequence is shown in a retro-computer font. Each of the four episodes’ title the same date as when he and Polly joined the TARDIS. sequences have slight variations to them. The Past Doctor Adventures novel The Time Travellers by Simon Guerrier is set in an alternative reality where the Doctor had not been around to stop WOTAN. The villain Casting is never referred to by name, only as “the Machine”, and while he was overthrown thousands were left insane by his Sandra Bryant appeared in The Macra Terror, as did John mind-control and Britain was reduced to a technologically Harvey. John Rolfe later played Sam in The Moonbase backward dictatorship. and Fell in The Green Death. Frank Jarvis later played In the 2013 Big Finish Productions release, Persuasion, Ankh in Underworld and Skart in The Power of Kroll. the Doctor makes reference to this story. At one point, Michael Craze provided the voice of a policeman heard the Doctor tells Will Arrowsmith to go to the Computer in Episode four. WOTAN received a credit as “And Room but '...don't touch the box marked WOTAN'. WOTAN” at the end of the first three episodes, the only The decision to set more episodes on present-day Earth time a fictional character was credited as itself in the se- was taken because the producers felt that the audience ries. Jackie Lane’s contract expired midway through pro- was becoming bored with the purely historical episodes duction of this story. She does not appear again after that had been a major element of the show to date. As episode two; Dodo’s off-screen departure is relayed to the a result, this story marks the beginning of the turn away Doctor by Polly. from historical stories. The next two historical stories, The Smugglers (which immediately follows The War Ma- Missing episodes chines) and Season 4’s The Highlanders, were to be the last purely historical stories until Season 19’s Black Or- Aside from its soundtrack (recorded off-air by fans), this chid.[1][2] serial was lost in the junk of episodes in the 1970s. The master videotapes for the story were the last of those starring William Hartnell to be junked, surviving un- 3.10.2 Production til 1974.[5] The 16mm film telerecording copies held by

[3] BBC Enterprises were also the last of their kind to be Working titles for this story included The Computers. destroyed, surviving until 1978, shortly before the junk- The idea for this story came about when Kit Pedler was ing of material was halted by the intervention of fan Ian being interviewed for a position as science adviser to Levine.[6] In 1978, a collector in Australia provided a the series. The producers asked all of the interviewees copy of episode 2. Later in 1984 copies of all four what would happen if the recently built Post Office Tower episodes were returned from Nigeria. Episodes 2, 3 and somehow took over. Pedler suggested that it would be the 4 all had cuts to them, but most have been restored due work of a rogue computer that communicated with the to a combination of the other copy of episode 2, mate- outside world by means of the telephone system. The pro- rial used in a promotional item on the BBC’s Blue Peter ducers liked this suggestion and not only offered Pedler and censored clips from Australia. Some of the restored the job but developed the idea into a script (one of the footage did not have its accompanying soundtrack, and so few to feature a 'Story Idea by' credit). Pat Dunlop was the missing sound was restored from the off-air record- then hired to write a full set of teleplays from Pedler’s ings. The War Machines is the last surviving complete idea, but quit after becoming busy with other work, and serial from the William Hartnell era; the following serial the teleplays were subsequently done by Ian Stuart Black, [3] (The Smugglers) is entirely missing, while Hartnell’s fi- who had also written the previous serial, The Savages. nal serial (The Tenth Planet) is missing episode 4.[7] This Only one War Machine prop was actually constructed; the serial is also the only one featuring Michael Craze and production team changed the numbers, to represent the Anneke Wills as Ben and Polly that is complete. different machines. To date, only episodes 3 and 4 do not exist in their en- The titling style of each episode in this serial differs tirety as was originally intended. Episode 3 is missing a from the standard titles of other serials.[4] Instead of a ti- visual brief bit of dialogue with Krimpton talking. This 76 CHAPTER 3. SEASON 3

was replaced in the VHS release with a combination of a Home media shot of WOTAN with the accompanied dialogue from the off-air recordings. Episode 3 is also missing around 59 The serial was released on VHS in 1997, with an item seconds worth of the battle in the warehouse. This scene, from Blue Peter and a BBC1 “globe ident” (from the first however, has not been re-instated for the VHS release as part of the story) as extras. A Region 2 DVD issue was it was felt that there wouldn't be enough visual material released on 25 August 2008; the Region 1 DVD was re- to drop into the gap. Episode 4 is missing only a small leased on 6 January 2009. With the advance in technol- amount of material. The first instance occurs with the ogy since the original VHS release, the sections, which man in the telephone box. Part of the continuing close- were missing from it, have been reinstated using the audio up of the man talking on the telephone is missing, but and appropriate visual material. Also, in 2007, an audio this was compensated on the VHS release by continuing CD of the serial’s soundtrack, with linking narration by in audio-only over the top of the beginning of the high and bonus interview with Anneke Wills, was released.[17] shot of the phone box. There are also two lines of dialogue missing when Polly reports back to WOTAN. 3.10.5 References The DVD release has all of the episodes recreated and restored to their original length, as well as a 9-minute doc- [1] Howe, David J.; Walker, Stephen James (1998). “The umentary showing how the episodes were reconstructed Highlanders: Analysis”. Doctor Who: The Television from all the disparate sources. Companion. London: BBC Worldwide. p. 114. ISBN 0-563-40588-0. Retrieved 7 March 2011.

[2] Howe, David J.; Walker, Stephen James (1998). “Black 3.10.3 Broadcast and reception Orchid: Analysis”. Doctor Who: The Television Compan- ion. London: BBC Worldwide. p. 416. ISBN 0-563- 40588-0. Retrieved 7 March 2011. In 2009, Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times praised the contemporary edge taken with The War Machines, though [3] Sullivan, Shannon (2007-07-05). “The War Machines”. he wrote that the plot was “mechanical” with several A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. improbabilities.[10] DVD Talk's J. Doyle Wallis gave The [4] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ War Machines three out of ﬁve stars, calling it “service- warmachines/detail.shtml able” with Wotan and its henchmen lacking depth.[11] Den of Geek also gave the story three stars, highlighting [5] Pixley, Andrew (June 2005). “No Further Interest”. Noth- Hartnell’s performance and opining that the story “holds ing at the End of the Lane — The Magazine of Doctor Who up well”, though there were some plot holes.[12] Arnold Research and Restoration (2): 38–43. T Blumburg of IGN rated the story 7 out of 10, noting [6] Bignell, Richard (June 2005). “Withdrawn, De- that the concept had aged but it was entertaining. How- accessioned and Junked”. Nothing at the End of the Lane ever, he criticised Dodo’s departure and, while the serial — The Magazine of Doctor Who Research and Restoration did showcase Hartnell well, he sometimes seemed lost in (2): 44–49. the setting.[13] The A.V. Club reviewer Christopher Bahn, on the other hand, described the plot as “pretty good if [7] http://www.sfx.co.uk/2013/10/17/ not a classic, with an appealing B-movie sensibility—this doctor-who-the-tenth-planet-review/ feels like a better, if equally cheaply made, version of the [8] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The War Machines”. kind of movie featured on Mystery Science Theater 3000.” Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008- However, he criticised the abrupt departure of Dodo.[14] 05-30. Retrieved 2008-08-30. Johnathan Wilkins of Dreamwatch gave the serial a score of 9 out of 10, calling it “something of a forgotten master- [9] “The War Machines”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- piece”, mostly due to Hartnell’s performance. However, trieved 2008-08-30. he noted that the War Machines themselves were “too [10] Mulkern, Patrick (30 March 2009). “Doctor Who: The [15] dull” and “boxy”. In 2013, Ben Lawrence of The Daily War Machines”. Radio Times. Retrieved 9 January 2013. Telegraph named The War Machines as one of the top ten Doctor Who stories set in the contemporary time.[16] [11] Wallis, J Doyle (3 March 2009). “Doctor Who: War Ma- chines”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 9 February 2013.

[12] “Doctor Who: The War Machines DVD Review”. Den of Geek. 24 September 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2013. 3.10.4 Commercial releases [13] Blumburg, Arnold T (6 January 2009). “Doctor Who In print - The War Machines DVD Review”. IGN. Retrieved 9 February 2013.

A novelisation of this serial, written by Ian Stuart Black, [14] Bahn, Christopher (29 April 2012). “The War Machines”. was published by Target Books in February 1989. Retrieved 9 February 2013. 3.10. THE WAR MACHINES 77

[15] Wilkins, Johnathan (21 August 2008). “Doctor Who: The War Machines”. Dreamwatch. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2013.

[16] Lawrence, Ben (30 March 2013). “Doctor Who: the 10 best contemporary tales”. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 April 2013.

[17] “Doctor Who: The War Machines (TV soundtrack)". Big Finish Productions. Retrieved 23 November 2012.

3.10.6 External links

• The War Machines at BBC Online • The War Machines at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time (Travel)

• The War Machines at the Doctor Who Reference Guide

• Doctor Who Locations - The War Machines

Reviews

• The War Machines reviews at The Doctor Who Rat- ings Guide

• The War Machines reviews at Outpost Gallifrey

Target novelisation

• On Target — The War Machines Chapter 4

Season 4

4.1 The Smugglers to protect himself while he searches for Avery’s treasure. The greedy Squire is the organiser of the local smuggling For other uses, see The Smugglers (disambiguation). ring and offers to cut Pike and his pirates in. They are interrupted by Polly, who has come to implore the Squire to help her find the Doctor and is shocked to see him in The Smugglers is the completely missing first serial of the the company of the kidnapping pirate Cherub. fourth season in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly Pike, Cherub and the Squire bind and gag Polly and take parts from 10 September to 1 October 1966. Although her to the church, meeting and capturing Ben on the way. audio recordings, still photographs, and clips of the story They attempt to convince Blake that Ben and Polly are exist, no episodes of this serial are known to have sur- the true smugglers. Knowing the truth but lacking the vived. manpower to arrest the pirates, Blake pretends to arrest Ben and Polly. The Doctor has meanwhile escaped from the ship and meets up with his friends in the churchyard. 4.1.1 Plot Blake works out a smuggling drop is due soon and heads off for more revenue men to break the smuggling ring. The Doctor’s new companions Ben and Polly arrive with The smuggling alliance has by now fallen apart: the him in the TARDIS on the coast of seventeenth cen- Squire has realised he is dealing with a ruthless pirate who tury Cornwall. They meet a worried churchwarden will not honour any bargains with him while Cherub has named Joseph Longfoot, who lives in fear of “Avery’s decided to locate Avery’s gold for himself. The Squire boys” and, in thanks for the Doctor’s kindness in relo- too sets off to find the gold, as do the time travellers since cating a dislocated finger, imparts a cryptic message he the Doctor is convinced the rhyme of the churchwarden calls “Deadman’s secret key": “Smallbeer, Ringwood, is the key. He works out the names Ringwood, Small- Gurney”.[notes 1] While the time travellers head off to set- beer, and Gurney pertain to graves in the crypt but before tle at the local inn, Longfoot has another visitor. This he can find the treasure the other seekers arrive. Cherub one is Cherub, Longfoot’s former shipmate under pirate wounds the Squire, and then forces the Doctor to con- Captain Avery on the Black Albatross. Cherub and his fess the rhyme. Cherub concludes that Deadman too is master, Samuel Pike, who captains the Albatross since a name of one of Avery’s former pirates, but is slain by Avery died, want to recover Avery’s accursed gold. Pike a vengeful Pike, who now threatens to pillage the entire is convinced that Longfoot has the treasure or knows village in his search for Avery’s treasure. The Doctor bar- where it is hidden. When the churchwarden does not co- gains with Pike for the lives of the villagers if he shows operate, Cherub kills him – but not before revealing he him the treasure and, with this agreed, they find the gold saw the three travellers who visited Longfoot earlier. at the intersection of the four graves. Hours later the discovery of the churchwarden’s body No sooner does Pike have the treasure than Blake and an leads the locals to suspect the three strangers at the inn. armed patrol of revenue men arrive. Aided by the in- The local Squire is called to intervene and adjudicate, and jured Squire – who repents of his sins – Blake kills Pike, ends up charging Ben and Polly with the murder. Em- and the pirate force is routed. As the battle dies down, ploying trickery to obtain their freedom, they split up. the Doctor and his companions slip away to the TARDIS, Ben hides at the church until Josiah Blake, a revenue man and the Doctor says superstition is a strange thing but it tracking the local smugglers, disturbs him. sometimes tells the truth. In the meantime Cherub and some pirates have kidnapped the Doctor and taken him to the Albatross. The Doctor attempts to bargain with Pike, and finds himself kept aboard ship while the captain goes ashore. Pike decides to try and make an alliance with the Squire as well

78 4.2. THE TENTH PLANET 79

Continuity 4.1.4 Notes

The Doctor subsequently meets Captain Avery in the [1] Terence De Marney, the actor who plays Joseph Longfoot, Series 6 episode The Curse of the Black Spot.[1] The pres- actually flubs his line and gives the code as “Smallwood, ence of Avery in that episode was a coincidence, as writer Ringwood, Gurney”. When The Doctor repeats the words later, he correctly says “Smallbeer”. Steve Thompson was unaware of Avery being referenced in The Smugglers, and was simply researching pirates for that story, choosing Avery because of his mysterious 4.1.5 References disappearance.[2] [1] Setchfield, Nick (7 May 2011). “Doctor Who 6.03 “The Curse Of The Black Spot” Review”. SFX. Retrieved 10 4.1.2 Production May 2011. [2] Hickman, Clayton (2011). The Brilliant Book of Doctor All four episodes of this serial are considered missing. Who 2012. BBC Books. ISBN 1849902305. The soundtrack and telesnaps survive, along with bits of Australian censor footage. [3] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Smugglers”. Out- post Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008-08-03. This was the last story filmed in the third season’s produc- Retrieved 2008-08-30. tion block, although it was held over until the beginning of the fourth season. During filming, the production team [4] “The Smugglers”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- realized that William Hartnell’s health had deteriorated trieved 2008-08-30. beyond the point where he could continue to work. Many [5] Sullivan, Shannon (2005-05-02). “The Smugglers”.A months’ discussion about replacing Hartnell finally came Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. to a head, and Innes Lloyd decided not to renew Hart- nell’s contract. It is unclear if Hartnell was contractually obliged to appear in The Tenth Planet or if he agreed to do 4.1.6 External links so after being informed of Lloyd’s decision. This was the • first story to feature major location shooting. All previ- The Smugglers at BBC Online ous location shots had been conducted at locations around • The Smugglers photonovel at BBC Online London, but substantial portions of this story were filmed in Cornwall. • The Smugglers at Doctor Who: A Brief History of On initial airing, this story posted the lowest audience fig- Time (Travel) ures, at an average of 4.48 million viewers per episode, • The Smugglers at the Doctor Who Reference Guide since the show began. It would remain the least-watched story in Doctor Who history for twenty years, until The • Doctor Who Locations - The Smugglers Trial of a Time Lord: The Mysterious Planet aired in • The Smugglers reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings 1986 and posted an average of 4.35 million viewers per Guide episode. • The Smugglers reviews at Outpost Gallifrey

4.1.3 Commercial releases • The Smugglers novelisation reviews at Outpost Gal- lifrey In print • On Target — The Smugglers

A novelisation of this serial, written by Terrance Dicks, was published by Target Books in June 1988. 4.2 The Tenth Planet

Home media This article is about the Doctor Who serial. For the hypothetical planet beyond Neptune, see Planets beyond The soundtrack for the story exists due to fan-made Neptune. For other subjects related to “tenth planet”, recordings. These have been released on CD together see Tenth planet (disambiguation). with linking narration provided by cast member Anneke Wills. Several brief clips cut by Australian censors for vi- The Tenth Planet is the partly missing second serial of olence were recovered in 1996 and were released on the the fourth season in the British science fiction televi- Lost in Time DVD box set in 2004. Also included in the sion series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four set is amateur on-location colour film footage made dur- weekly parts from 8 to 29 October 1966. It was William ing production at Trethewey Farm, Trethewey, Cornwall. Hartnell's last regular appearance as the First Doctor, and 80 CHAPTER 4. SEASON 4

the first story to feature the Cybermen. Patrick Troughton clay, is also concerned, saying that the radiation caused also makes his first, uncredited appearance as the Second by the exploding planet would cause great loss of life on Doctor. Only three of the four episodes are held in the Earth. Unswayed, Cutler orders Ben to be imprisoned in BBC archives; one remains missing although the regen- a cabin with the Doctor, who is unconscious and seem- eration sequence and various other scenes have been dis- ingly ill. covered intact. It is the fourth now-incomplete Doctor Barclay goes to Ben and tells him how to sabotage the Who serial to be released with a full-length animated re- [1] rocket to prevent it from reaching Mondas, but Cutler no- construction of its missing episode. tices Barclay’s absence and catches Ben in the act. Cut- ler attempts to fire the Z-bomb, but the engines fail on the launchpad thanks to Ben’s sabotage. Cutler, enraged, 4.2.1 Plot threatens to kill Ben, Barclay, and the Doctor, who has now regained consciousness. Before he can shoot the The Doctor and his companions Ben and Polly arrive in Doctor, Cutler is killed by the leader of a newly arrived the TARDIS at the South Pole in the year 1986, near the squad of Cybermen. Snowcap base. The base is supervising the mission of the Zeus IV spaceship, running a routine probe on the Earth's The Cybermen insist that the rocket pointed at Mondas atmosphere. be dismantled. The Doctor suggests that it would be a good idea to go along with this, and tells the others to Unusual readings on the spaceship’s instruments lead play for time, as Mondas cannot take much more energy to the discovery of a new planet suddenly approaching now. The Cybermen take Polly back to their spaceship as Earth. The spaceship begins to experience power losses, a hostage. and Snowcap personnel begin arrangements to abort its mission. As the Cybermen take over Space Command in Geneva, the Doctor realises that their plan is to destroy the Earth Back on the base, the Doctor reveals what he knows about with the Z-bombs, thus saving Mondas. He manages to the tenth planet: it is Mondas, Earth’s former sister planet communicate this revelation to Ben and the others over and its inhabitants will soon be visiting Earth. True to the intercom before the Cybermen take him prisoner. In his prediction, three robotic creatures land outside, killing the radiation room, Ben surmises that the reason why they the guards and disguising themselves in the dead men’s need to use humans to do this work rather than doing it furs to gain access. themselves is that they are highly susceptible to radiation. While everyone is distracted by their efforts to land Zeus Barclay suggests using the rods from the reactor cham- IV safely, the creatures are easily able to take over the ber as a portable weapon against the Cybermen. This base. The base personnel and Polly plead with the in- proves successful, allowing Ben, Barclay, and the oth- vaders to allow them to save the lives of the Zeus IV crew, ers to regain control of the base. More Cybermen en- but the creatures say that their lives are irrelevant to them. ter the Tracking Room, but just at that moment Mondas They explain that they are Cybermen, who were once like explodes, disabling all the remaining Cybermen. human beings, but gradually replaced their bodies with mechanical parts, including eliminating the “weakness” of emotion from their brains. The Cybermen allow the men to make contact with Zeus IV, but it is too late as the ship is dragged away by Mondas and explodes. The Cybermen explain that Mondas is absorbing energy from Earth and will soon destroy it. They propose to take humans back to Mondas and turn them into Cybermen. Ben, who has been imprisoned in the projection room after attempting to kill a Cyberman, rigs up the projec- tor to blind incoming Cybermen, allowing him to steal his guard’s weapon and kill him. Sneaking back into the Tracking Room, he hands the cyberweapon to Gen- eral Cutler, the base commander, who kills the remaining two Cybermen. Cutler contacts Space Command HQ in The Doctor regenerates for the first time. Geneva and is informed that they have sent his son on a mission to rescue the doomed Zeus IV. Cutler’s son contacts the base from Zeus IV, telling them Cutler decides it is time to take the fight to the Cyber- that his ship is now back to full power and Geneva tells men and decides to use the powerful Z-bomb to destroy Barclay that the Cyberman threat has ended. Meanwhile, Mondas. Ben argues against using the bomb, saying that Ben makes his way back to the Cybermen’s ship to rescue Mondas might destroy itself anyway when it absorbs too the Doctor and Polly. The Doctor seems to deliberate as much energy. The chief scientist at Snowcap, Dr. Bar- to whether “it’s all over” before settling that it’s “far from 4.2. THE TENTH PLANET 81

over” before making his way back to the TARDIS. As line, wanting to ensure that the regeneration sequence was Ben and Polly hammer on the door, the controls operate recorded as well as possible. As a result, the First Doc- of their own accord and the central column begins to rise tor’s last words were simply “Ah! Yes. Thank you. That’s and fall. The Doctor seizes enough energy to open the good, keep warm.” door and Ben and Polly finally get in. Barely conscious, the Doctor collapses to the floor, and before the aston- ished eyes of his companions, he becomes enveloped in a Cast notes bright light. After the light dies down, the Doctor`s face is different and has the appearance of a younger man. Patrick Troughton appears in the final episode, uncredited, as the Second Doctor. William Hartnell would reprise the role of the First Doctor on only one occasion: Continuity the tenth anniversary serial The Three Doctors, although a photograph of him would be seen briefly as Troughton The events leading up to this story, from the Cybermen’s first looks into a mirror at the start of Troughton’s first se- perspective, are heard in the Big Finish audio story Spare rial, The Power of the Daleks; the first episode begins with Parts with the Fifth Doctor and Nyssa. The story deals a shot of Troughton lying on the TARDIS floor. A clip with many aspects left unexplained in this story; such as of Hartnell from part 6 of The Dalek Invasion of Earth how Mondas left the solar system and returned again. The was used at the beginning of the 20th anniversary special, Sixth Doctor serial, Attack of the Cybermen, takes place in The Five Doctors (where Richard Hurndall would play the 1985, a year before the events of The Tenth Planet. In that First Doctor during most of the episode). A clip of Hart- serial the Cybermen attempt to alter history so Mondas is nell from The Tenth Planet was used in Earthshock, when not destroyed. the Cybermen review the Doctor’s change of appearance. While the Doctor regenerates at the end of this story, the process is unnamed. In the subsequent serial, The Power of the Daleks, the Doctor states that he has been Missing episode “renewed”, implying a restoration of youth rather than a change of body. The concept was not called “regenera- The last episode of this serial is missing. It is possibly tion” until Planet of the Spiders. Script editor Gerry Davis the most sought-after of the missing episodes, because it later stated that it was intended for the energy drain from contains the historic first regeneration scene (even though Mondas to be the cause of the regeneration, but that it did a low-quality, truncated copy of this sequence survives not come across clearly on screen. and is held in the BBC Archives), and also because it is William Hartnell’s final episode. In fact, it is included in a list of the ten most wanted missing programmes along- 4.2.2 Production side the BBC studio footage from the Apollo 11 landings (which is currently held only in soundtrack form). All four episodes of this story feature a specially designed Popular myth has it that the only surviving telerecording graphics sequence used for the opening titles and closing copy of the fourth episode was lost when loaned out credits. Designed by Bernard Lodge, they were intended [2] to the children’s programme Blue Peter in 1973 when to resemble a computer printout. In the opening credits they wished to use a clip from it in a feature on the for the first episode, Kit Pedler is incorrectly identified as tenth anniversary of Doctor Who.[5] Although a print of “Kitt Pedler”. In the opening credits for the third episode, The Daleks’ Master Plan Episode 4 (“The Traitors”) was Gerry Davis is incorrectly identified as “Gerry Davies.” loaned to Blue Peter and not returned to the BBC Film Li- William Hartnell did not appear in the third episode.[3] brary, there was never a copy of The Tenth Planet Episode On the Monday before the programme was due to be 4 there to have been loaned. Another department – BBC recorded, he sent a telegram to the production team in- Enterprises – was still offering all four episodes for sale forming them that he was too ill to work. Gerry Davis to foreign broadcasters until the end of the following year rewrote the script to explain the Doctor’s absence (his and would not, in any case, have loaned out master nega- sudden collapse) and gave his dialogue to other charac- tives. ters, most noticeably Ben. This was not as much of an in- In 1992, a man named Roger K. Barrett (later revealed to terruption to the episode’s production as it would seem, as be an alias; it being based on the real name of Syd Bar- all four episodes had been written so that Hartnell would rett) claimed to have a videotape recording of Episode 4 have relatively little to do in case of just such an event. of this story, and offered to sell it to the BBC for £500. The original draft of episode 4 did not feature the Doctor [4] Before this was revealed as a hoax, the BBC produced a regenerating at the end. special introduction for an intended VHS release of the The First Doctor’s last words were originally scripted as story, hosted by Michael Craze, two versions of which something similar to “No... no, I simply will not give were filmed: one explaining that Episode 4 was still miss- in!" Time was running short towards the end of producing, the other introducing the story as if it were com- tion, and director Derek Martinus opted not to record the plete. A documentary called “Missing in Action”, made 82 CHAPTER 4. SEASON 4

in 1993 and narrated by Nicholas Courtney, also mentions In the U.S. and Canada both stories were released indi- the hoax. vidually in 2001. The existing clips from the missing final For the 2013 DVD release, episode four was animated by episode – 8 mm film recordings made by fans and a 16mm Planet 55 Studios.[6] film clip of the regeneration (from a 1973 edition of Blue Peter) – were included in the DVD release Lost in Time in 2004. The only surviving clip of the regeneration was 4.2.3 Broadcast and reception also released as a special feature on the DVD releases for The Three Doctors and Castrovalva. In 2009, Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times found the orig- The story was released on DVD on 14 October 2013,[15] inal Cybermen design like “usherettes from some kinky, with the missing fourth episode animated[16][17] along futuristic moviehouse”, but praised the character of Cut- with additional extra features including the original re- ler and Hartnell’s Doctor.[10] Den of Geek named the construction of episode four from the 2000 VHS Release cliffhanger of Episode 4 as one of the programme’s ten included as an extra and a special “Frozen Out” documen- “classic” cliffhangers.[11] Alasdair Wilkins of io9 de- tary on the making of the story. scribed it as “a very solid, at times excellent story” and The “Regenerations” box set, released on 24 June noted “The Cybermen have possibly been more intimi- 2013,[18] contains The Tenth Planet (including the newly dating in other stories, but they have never been creepier animated fourth episode). The serial was released with than they are here”. He named it the fourth best regener- no special features. ation and regeneration story.[12] DVD Talk's John Sinnott gave the story four and a half out of five stars. He praised The soundtracks for The Tenth Planet and The Inva- Hartnell’s performance and the Cybermen.[13] Ian Berri- sion, put together from fan-made recordings, along with a man of SFX was more mixed, giving the serial three out bonus disc, The Origins of the Cybermen, an audio essay of five stars. He praised the Cybermen and the “palpa- by Cyberman actor David Banks, were released on CD in ble tension”, but felt that the regeneration was tacked on a collector’s tin called Doctor Who: Cybermen. and not enough background was given to make Mondas believable.[14] Music release

4.2.4 Commercial releases A CD of stock music used in this serial was released in 2000.[19] In print Track listing See also: Music from The Tomb of the A novelisation of this serial, written by Gerry Davis, was Cybermen and Space Adventures - Music from 'Doctor published by Target Books in February 1976. It was the Who' 1963–1968 first Hartnell-era serial novelisation to be commissioned by Target, and the first new adaptation of a Hartnell adventure to be published in nearly ten years. The novelisation largely follows the original script and so 4.2.5 References places the action in the year 2000 as well as restoring the Doctor to the third episode. Also, in the first scene in [1] “Tenth Planet Animation”. BBC Doctor Who Website. Re- which the Doctor, Ben and Polly appear (in the TARDIS), trieved 2 September 2013. the Doctor is beginning to show signs of his failing health; sometimes mistakenly addressing Ben and Polly as "Ian" [2] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ and "Barbara", thereby revealing signs that all is not as it tenthplanet/detail.shtml should be. Also, the regeneration of the Doctor occurs in [3] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ the TARDIS differently. The Doctor uses what appears tenthplanet/detail.shtml to be a rejuvenation chamber that assists him in his regeneration. [4] “Original Tenth Planet Script Found”. Doctor Who News. 2013-01-09. Retrieved 2013-10-09.

Home media [5] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ tenthplanet/detail.shtml The story was released on VHS in the UK in 2000 from [6] http://planet55studios.com.au/ BBC Video, with the fourth episode reconstructed by the doctor-who-the-tenth-planet/ Doctor Who Restoration Team using still photos, existing clips and the surviving audio soundtrack. This release was [7] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Tenth Planet”. a double-tape set entitled “Doctor Who: The Cybermen Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008- Box Set: The Tenth Planet and Attack of the Cybermen". 03-31. Retrieved 2008-08-30. 4.2. THE TENTH PLANET 83

[8] “The Tenth Planet”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- trieved 2008-08-30.

[9] Sullivan, Shannon (2006-05-10). “The Tenth Planet”.A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30.

[10] Mulkern, Patrick (14 April 2009). “Doctor Who: The Tenth Planet”. Radio Times. Retrieved 9 February 2013.

[11] “10 classic Doctor Who cliﬀhangers”. Den of Geek. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2013.

[12] Wilkins, Alasdair (1 January 2010). “Ranking The Regn- erations Of Doctor Who”. io9. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

[13] Sinnott, John (22 November 2013). “Doctor Who: The Tenth Planet”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 30 November 2013.

[14] Berriman, Ian (17 October 2013). “Doctor Who: The Tenth Planet Review”. SFX. Retrieved 19 October 2013.

[15] “Doctor Who: The Tenth Planet (DVD)". Retrieved 15 October 2013.

[16] “CLASSIC DOCTOR WHO TO BE ANIMATED FOR DVD RELEASE”. http://www.doctorwho.tv. Retrieved 22 August 2013. External link in |publisher= (help)

[17] “australian fans preview animated the tenth planet”. http: //www.doctorwhonews.net/. Retrieved 22 August 2013.

[18] “Regenerations”. http://www.amazon.co.uk/.

[19] Dr Who - Music from the Tenth Planet (CD Booklet). Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Ochre Records. 2000. OCH050.

4.2.6 External links

• The Tenth Planet at BBC Online

• The Tenth Planet at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time (Travel)

• The Tenth Planet at the Doctor Who Reference Guide

Reviews

• The Tenth Planet reviews at Outpost Gallifrey

• The Tenth Planet reviews at The Doctor Who Rat- ings Guide

Target novelisation

• Doctor Who and the Tenth Planet reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide

• On Target — Doctor Who and the Tenth Planet Chapter 5

Later Appearances

5.1 The Three Doctors maintaining reality, he vowed revenge on the Time Lords who left him stranded. The Three Doctors is the first serial of the tenth season It is clear that the exile has made Omega quite insane. of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, Along with his revenge, he has summoned the Doctors first broadcast in four weekly parts from 30 December here to take over the mental maintenance of the antimat- 1972 to 20 January 1973. ter universe so he can escape. However, the Doctors dis- The serial opened the tenth anniversary year of the series, cover that years of exposure to the corrosive effects of the and features the first three Doctors all appearing in the black hole’s singularity have destroyed Omega’s physical same serial. This makes it the first Doctor Who story in body – he is trapped forever. Driven over the edge by this which an earlier incarnation of the Doctor returns to the discovery, Omega now demands that the Doctors share show. his exile. The Doctors escape briefly, and offer Omega a proposi- tion. They will give him his freedom if they send the oth- 5.1.1 Plot ers back to the positive matter universe. Omega agrees, and when that is done, the Doctors offer Omega a force A superluminal signal is sent to Earth, carrying with it an field generator containing the Second Doctor’s recorder, unusual energy blob that seems intent on capturing the which had fallen in it prior to the transport through the Doctor. In the meantime, the homeworld of the Time black hole. Omega knocks the generator over in a rage Lords is under siege, with all the power sustaining it be- and the unconverted positive matter recorder falls out of ing drained through a black hole. Trapped and desperate, the force field. When the recorder comes into contact the Time Lords do the unthinkable and break the First with the antimatter universe, it annihilates everything in a Law of Time, allowing the Doctor to aid himself by sum- flash, returning the Doctors in the TARDIS to the positive moning his two previous incarnations from the past. Ini- matter universe. The Third Doctor explains that death tially summoning his previous incarnation, they find that was the only freedom anyone could offer Omega. the two Doctors do not get on and bicker constantly, and so attempt to retrieve his first self to keep them in order. With power now restored to the Time Lords, they are able to send the First and Second Doctors back to their Unfortunately, the First Doctor is trapped in a time eddy, respective time periods. As a reward, the Time Lords unable to fully materialize, and can only communicate via give the Third Doctor a new dematerialization circuit for viewscreen, but the Second Doctor joins the Third in in- the TARDIS and restore his knowledge of how to travel vestigating the origins of the creature and the black hole, through space and time. while UNIT headquarters faces an attack by the gel-like alien creatures. The First Doctor deduces the black hole is a bridge be- Continuity tween universes, and the other two Doctors allow the TARDIS to be swallowed up by the energy creature, The Brigadier refers to the Yeti (The Web of Fear), the which transports them, Dr Tyler, Jo Grant, Sergeant Ben- Cybermen (The Invasion) and the Autons (Spearhead ton and Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart into an antimatter from Space). universe created by the legendary Time Lord Omega. Omega would return in the Fifth Doctor serial, Arc of Omega was a solar engineer who created the supernova Infinity (1983), the Big Finish Productions audio play that powers Time Lord civilization, and was thought to Omega, the novel The Infinity Doctors and the gamebook be killed in the explosion. In actuality, he had been Search for the Doctor. The Chancellor is portrayed by transported to the antimatter universe, where his will Clyde Pollitt who had also played one of the Time Lords and thought turned the formless matter into physicality. who tried and exiled the Second Doctor. Barry Letts Trapped, due to the fact that his will is the only thing states in the DVD commentary that this was intentional

84 5.1. THE THREE DOCTORS 85

as he meant for this to be the same character. Similarly, much padding, and that Omega was a “shouting, one- Graham Leaman reappears as a Time Lord having been dimensional villain”.[8] seen in the role in Colony in Space, discussing the Master's activities and their use of the exiled Doctor as an agent. Broadcast The Virgin Missing Adventures novel The Empire of Glass states that the First Doctor is taken out of time be- The serial was repeated on BBC2 in November 1981, tween the stories The Time Meddler and Galaxy 4 but im- daily (Monday-Thursday) (23 November 1981 to 26 mediately before the novel. November 1981) at 5.40pm as part of “The Five Faces of Doctor Who”. The four episodes achieved ratings of 5.0, 4.5, 5.7 & 5.8 million viewers respectively.[9] 5.1.2 Production

Working titles for this story included The Black Hole. The 5.1.4 Commercial releases script was originally supposed to feature all three Doc- tors equally, but William Hartnell was too ill to be able In print to play the full role as envisioned. He was, therefore, reduced to a pre-recorded cameo role, appearing only on A novelisation of this serial, written by Terrance Dicks, the TARDIS’s scanner and the space-time viewer of the was published by Target Books in November 1975. Time Lords. It would be the last time he played the Doc- The novelisation provides a rationale for Omega’s realm tor and his last acting role before his death in 1975.[1] to be a quarry: over the millennia, Omega has become Hartnell’s scenes were filmed at BBC’s Ealing Studios and weary of the mental effort required to generate a verdant not in a garage or a garden shed as fan myth would have landscape and now makes do with rock and soil. The Sec- it. The serial’s promotional photo shoot was the only time ond Doctor is referred to throughout as Doctor Two. In the three actors were shown together. the book, Mr Ollis is renamed Mr Hollis. The production team also planned for Frazer Hines to reprise his role of Jamie McCrimmon alongside the Sec- Home media ond Doctor; however, Hines was not available, due to his work on the soap opera Emmerdale Farm. Much of The Three Doctors was released twice on VHS, first in the role originally intended for Jamie was reassigned to August 1991 and thereafter remastered and re-released Sergeant Benton. in 2002 as part of the WHSmith's The Time Lord Col- lection boxed set. It was released on DVD in the UK in November 2003 as part of the Doctor Who 40th Anniver- 5.1.3 Reception sary Celebration releases, representing the Jon Pertwee years. Some copies came in a box set housing a limited Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times wrote that The Three edition Corgi model of “Bessie”, the Third Doctor’s vin- Doctors “may not be the greatest story ever told” but tage roadster. A special edition of the DVD, with new it ended the Doctor’s exile on earth and brought back bonus features, was released in the UK on 13 February Troughton, though unfortunately Hartnell was not able 2012 in the third of the ongoing Revisitations DVD box to do much.[5] The A.V. Club reviewer Christopher Bahn sets with additional bonus features. summarised that the serial “has some good ideas in it, but they're treated with such an unambitious lack of imag- ination that there’s not enough actually happening here 5.1.5 See also for the story to be offensively bad — just boring”. He • felt the “most enjoyable part” was the “comic squab- The Five Doctors bling” between Pertwee and Troughton, and also called • The Five(ish) Doctors Reboot the Brigadier a “saving grace”.[6] DVD Talk's Ian Jane gave the serial three out of five stars, noting that it was “slightly silly” and the production designs and special ef- 5.1.6 References fects were “definitely not the best that the series has had to offer”. He also felt that the story was wrapped up [1] http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/ too quickly and was “fairly predictable”. However, he threedoctors/detail.shtml praised Pertwee and Troughton’s interplay, the fact that Jo was given more to do, and Stephen Thorne’s per- [2] Shaun Lyon; et al. (2007-03-31). “The Three Doctors”. Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 2008- formance as Omega.[7] Alisdair Wilkins of io9 picked 05-18. Retrieved 2008-08-30. The Three Doctors as the worst Doctor Who story of the classic series, feeling that the Second Doctor and the [3] “The Three Doctors”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- Brigadier were written as too comical, the story had too trieved 2008-08-30. 86 CHAPTER 5. LATER APPEARANCES

[4] Sullivan, Shannon (2007-08-07). “The Three Doctors”. Hartnell, had died since his last appearance on the show A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 2008-08-30. ten years previously. Since Tom Baker decided not to appear in this special, footage from the unﬁnished serial [5] Mulkern, Patrick (14 January 2010). “Doctor Who: The Shada was used to portray the Fourth Doctor. Three Doctors”. Radio Times. Retrieved 16 October 2012. [6] Bahn, Christopher (14 October 2012). “The Three Doc- 5.2.1 Plot tors”. The A.V. Club. Retrieved 16 October 2012.

[7] Jane, Ian (11 April 2012). “Doctor Who: The Three Doc- A mysterious figure begins to use a Time Scoop to bring tors”. DVD Talk. Retrieved 16 October 2012. the previous incarnations of the Doctor, some of his former companions (Susan Foreman, Sarah Jane Smith, and [8] Wilkins, Alisdair (23 November 2012). “The Complete Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart) and archenemies (includ- Guide to Every Single Doctor Who Anniversary Special ing the Daleks and Cybermen) into the Death Zone on Ever”. io9. Retrieved 23 November 2012. Gallifrey. Though the figure is able to bring the First, [9] http://guide.doctorwhonews.net/story.php?story= Second, and Third Doctor into the zone, the Fourth Doc- TheThreeDoctors&detail=broadcast tor along with Romana becomes stuck in the time vortex. The Fifth Doctor, while relaxing on the Eye of Orion with Tegan and Turlough, suddenly feels pains as his for- 5.1.7 External links mer selves are taken from their time streams, and returns everyone to the TARDIS. The various Doctors, recognis- • The Three Doctors at BBC Online ing the Death Zone, direct their companions towards the large tower near its center, avoiding the various foes and • The Three Doctors at Doctor Who: A Brief History monsters that have also been forced to take part in the of Time (Travel) deadly Games. • The Three Doctors at the Doctor Who Reference On Gallifrey, the High Council of Time Lords, headed Guide by Lord President Borusa and consisting of Chancellor Flavia and the Castellan, learn of the reactivation of the Reviews Death Zone, the abduction of the Doctor’s former selves from the time line, and the drain of power from the Eye • The Three Doctors reviews at Outpost Gallifrey of Harmony resulting from those. They reluctantly agree to call the Master to assist the Doctors in the Death Zone, • The Three Doctors reviews at The Doctor Who Rat- offering him a pardon and a new set of regenerations ings Guide should he cooperate. The Master agrees, and accepts a copy of the Seal of the High Council to prove to the Doc- Target novelisation tors that he is working for them, and a transmat device that he can use to escape the Death Zone. In the Death • The Three Doctors (novelisation) reviews at The Zone, the Master first encounters the Third Doctor, who Doctor Who Ratings Guide accuses him of faking the Seal, and then the Fifth Doc- tor; when they are attacked by Cybermen, the Master is • On Target — The Three Doctors knocked out. The Fifth Doctor discovers the transmat device and uses it to return to the Capitol, where he is informed of the situation by the Council. The Doctor, 5.2 The Five Doctors suspecting foul play, discovers that the transmat device included a homing beacon that would lure the Cybermen to it, and the Castellan is arrested on charges of being a The Five Doctors is a special feature-length episode of traitor. A search of the Castellan’s chambers reveals the the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, Black Scrolls of Rassilon, purportedly containing forbid- produced in celebration of the programme’s 20th anniver- den Time Lord knowledge. Borusa burns the scrolls and sary. It had its world premiere in the United States, on orders the Castellan to be mind probed for interrogation, the Chicago PBS station WTTW and various other PBS [2] but the Castellan escapes and is shot down by a Citadel member stations on 23 November 1983, the anniver- guard. Borusa considers the matter closed, but the Doc- sary date. It was transmitted in the United Kingdom two tor confides in Flavia his doubts. When the two try to find days later. Borusa in the Council room, they find him missing. The The episode aired after the conclusion of the 20th sea- Doctor discovers a secret room, where he finds Borusa son to celebrate the 20th anniversary. Patrick Troughton at the controls of the Time Scoop. Borusa desires to be and Jon Pertwee reprised their roles as the Second and President Eternal of Gallifrey and is intent on seeking im- Third Doctors respectively. Richard Hurndall portrayed mortality from the Tomb of Rassilon, which is hidden in the First Doctor, as the character’s original actor, William the tower in the Death Zone. He had brought the Doctor 5.2. THE FIVE DOCTORS 87 and his former selves to the tower in order to clear the var- erencing his stealing of Tremas’ body, as seen in the ious hazards and traps within. Borusa uses the Coronet of Fourth Doctor story The Keeper of Traken (1981). The Rassilon to overpower the Doctor’s will, taking momen- First Doctor does not quite recognise the Master, and has tary control of him. to be reminded of their time at the Academy together. Meanwhile, in the Death Zone, the other three incarna- The Third Doctor does recognise him, however, though it tions of the Doctor have entered the tower through sepa- seems not as easily as usual. The Second Doctor also ap- rate points, passed the various traps, and have converged pears to recognise the Master without hesitation, as does in the Tomb, and reacquaint themselves with the vari- the Brigadier. Three incarnations of Borusa previously appeared in The Deadly Assassin, The Invasion of Time ous companions. They decipher a message in ancient Gallifreyan whilst inside Rassilon’s Tomb, describing that and Arc of Infinity. anyone who wants immortality is free to take it by wear- One of the defences in the Tower of Rassilon is a red ing Rassilon’s ring, but warns that “to lose is to win and and white checked electrified floor pattern, similar to one he who wins shall lose”. The Master appears and tries appearing in the Exxilon city in Death to the Daleks, the to take the ring, but the Doctors’ companions overpower only difference being the shapes of the coloured patches. him. The Doctors are then able to disable the field pre- In that serial, the Third Doctor used a coin to test the floor venting the TARDIS from materialising in the tower, and with Belal as an onlooker, just as in this story the First it shortly arrives. They contact the Citadel, where the Doctor used several coins to test the floor with Tegan as controlled Fifth Doctor instructs them to wait. Borusa an onlooker. and the Fifth Doctor transmat into the tomb, Borusa sub- Dinah Sheridan makes a guest appearance as Flavia. The jecting the Doctors’ companions to a force field to pre- character has subsequently been mentioned in spin-off vent them from interfering. The other Doctors try to fight fiction as becoming President of the High Council and against the power of Borusa’s mind with the Coronet, but then subsequently removed from office due to a scandal they are interrupted by the voice of Rassilon. Borusa as- (as detailed in the New Adventures novel, Happy End- serts to Rassilon that he is here for immortality, and while ings). In the new series, a musical cue composed by the other Doctors attempt to stop him, the First Doctor Murray Gold with ethereal sounding vocals is jokingly tells them to hold off. Borusa dons the ring, but soon referred to as “Flavia’s Theme” by the production team, screams out in pain as he is transformed into living rock who say it is Flavia’s voice singing out from the time vor- as part of Rassilon’s Tomb, the fate described by the rid- tex. dle, which the First Doctor had figured out. Rassilon’s spirit returns the Master to his own time, and frees the One of the jewels from the Coronet of Rassilon would Fourth Doctor from the Time Vortex; the other Doctors later play an important part in the Big Finish Productions quickly refuse Rassilon’s offer of immortality for them. Bernice Summerfield adventure The Crystal of Cantus. The Doctors depart, leaving the Fifth Doctor, Tegan, and The Fifth Doctor’s sequence in the novel The Eight Doc- Turlough alone. However, they are soon joined by Flavia tors – featuring the Eighth Doctor going through his own and Citadel guards; Flavia insists that with Borusa’s dis- past to meet and assist his other selves – takes place af- appearance, the Council appoint the Doctor as President, ter this episode, the Fifth Doctor travelling to the Eye an offer he cannot refuse by Gallifreyan law. Hesitant to of Orion to continue their earlier holiday only to be at- take power, the Doctor orders Flavia back to the Citadel, tacked by a renegade Time Lord from the Eighth Doc- where she will have power until he returns in his TARDIS, tor’s era using the Timescoop, forcing the two Doctors to and quickly departs. The Doctor notes to his companions defeat a Raston Warrior Robot and a Sontaran squadron. that Flavia will remain in power for a long time, as he The Big Finish audio The Five Companions takes place has no intention of returning to Gallifrey any time soon. during this adventure. After the Fifth Doctor takes the When Tegan asks if he is really going to run from his transmat device from the Master, he is drawn off course people he states, “Why not? After all...that’s how it all to a pocket dimension where more friends and enemies started!". have been scooped, but not used in the Death Zone. The Doctor contacts the Time Lords to remedy the situation, at which point he continues his journey to the Time Lord Continuity Capital. Footage of the Second and Third Doctors taken from The This is only the second time in the classic series’ history Five Doctors was subsequently used in the 2013 episode that there was a pre-credits sequence. Castrovalva (1982) "The Name of the Doctor".[3] was the first such story. Subsequently, Time and the Rani (1987) and Remembrance of the Daleks (1988) also fea- The seal of the High Council which the Third Doctor con- tured pre-credits teasers. The pre-credits sequence be- fiscates from the Master returns in "The Time of the Doc- came a regular occurrence starting with the 2005 series tor".[4] episode "The End of the World". When asked by the Third Doctor as to whether he has regenerated again, the Master says, “Not exactly”, ref- 88 CHAPTER 5. LATER APPEARANCES

5.2.2 Production broadcast-quality format. This allowed for the creation of the 1995 version of the story. The Five Doctors was recorded in four-channel stereo, but broadcast in mono. The working title for this story was The Six Doctors. It The later DVD releases had a Dolby Digital 5.1 sound- would have been written by former script editor Robert track. Holmes and would have featured the Cybermen and their In the various publicity photos of the five Doctors from kidnapping of the five incarnations of the Doctor; in their this story, a waxwork model of Tom Baker from a 1980 attempt to extract Time Lord DNA to turn themselves Doctor Who Exhibition in Madame Tussauds was used. into “Cyberlords”, the twist being that the First Doctor According to producer John Nathan-Turner, Baker had and Susan would actually be android impostors (the for- agreed to do the photocall for the 20th anniversary but, mer being the “Sixth Doctor” of the title) and the Sec- suspecting that he might not turn up, Nathan-Turner ar- ond Doctor would have saved the day. However, Holmes ranged for the waxwork to be on location.[8] dropped out at an early stage and another former script editor, Terrance Dicks, was brought in instead. Some el- The end credits featured a specially mixed version of the ements of this plotline would be reused in Holmes’ own theme music, which began with Delia Derbyshire's orig- The Two Doctors. inal 1960s arrangement and then segued into the Peter Howell arrangement being used by the series at the time The programme is officially a co-production with the (the former being played at a slightly higher speed to Australian Broadcasting Corporation, although the pro- match the tempo of the latter). This arrangement was duction team were not aware of this during production only used on this one occasion and was the last time that and the agreement in effect amounted to little more the Derbyshire version was heard during the show’s orig- than a pre-production purchase pact. Nathan-Turner’s inal run. A unique arrangement of the opening credits first choice of director for the story was Waris Hus- music was also used, which ended in a brief coda phrase sein, who had directed the first ever Doctor Who serial, that was never used in any other serial. An Unearthly Child, in 1963. However, Hussein was in America at the time and was unable to accept the [5] offer. Nathan-Turner then asked another veteran di- Cast notes rector, Douglas Camfield, to direct but he also declined. Camfield was also very ill with heart disease, and this may The First Doctor was played by Richard Hurndall, replac- have had an impact on his decision not to direct the pro- ing William Hartnell who died in 1975. Hartnell does duction. He died of a heart attack early in 1984. make an appearance, however, in a pre-titles clip taken The original script featured an appearance by the Autons, from the end of The Dalek Invasion of Earth. After ini- last seen in Terror of the Autons. After being dropped tially agreeing to take part, Tom Baker declined to return into the Death Zone, Sarah would have been attacked by so soon after his departure from the series two years be- a group of them before being rescued by the Third Doc- fore, a decision he would later say he regretted, so his ap- tor. However, due to budgetary restrictions, the scene was pearance was pieced together from unused footage from dropped and replaced in the finished version. Just before the unaired serial Shada. she meets the Third Doctor, Sarah falls a few feet down In early drafts of the script, some of the Doctor and what fans have generally considered a rather unconvinc- companion combinations were different. Originally, the ing slope. In the novelisation, Sarah actually steps off a Fourth Doctor would have been paired with Sarah Jane, cliff. This was what was originally intended in the script, the Third Doctor with the Brigadier and the Second Doc- but for budgetary reasons the sequence was changed. tor with Jamie.[9] When Frazer Hines proved unavailable Location filming took place at Cwm Bychan, Llanbedr.[6] for more than a cameo appearance the script had to be The Yeti costume used in the serial was last used in The altered, pairing the Second Doctor with Victoria Wa- Web of Fear in 1968. It had decayed badly in storage, terfield. This was revised again when Deborah Watling requiring dim lighting and selective camera angles during became unavailable and Tom Baker decided not to ap- filming.[7] pear, resulting in the pairings as they were screened. In- The story was prepared in two formats: the ninety-minute stead of meeting phantoms of Jamie and Zoe, the Sec- version and a four-part version, the latter designed for in- ond Doctor and the Brigadier were originally scripted to ternational distribution or repeat broadcasting in the or- meet Zoe and Victoria. The Doctor would have realised dinary series run. The episode breaks were, respectively: the truth about them when Victoria called Lethbridge- Sarah falling down the slope; the Cybermen placing their Stewart “Brigadier”, when she only knew him as a Colonel bomb outside the TARDIS while Susan and Turlough (in The Web of Fear). Deborah Watling was unable to watch; and the Master appearing behind the First Doctor make the recording dates but Frazer Hines was able to and Tegan while in the Dark Tower. This is the only pro- free himself up for a day’s shooting, so Jamie was written gramme from the classic series of Doctor Who for which in instead. all recorded and filmed material, including alternate and John Levene was invited back as Sergeant Benton but unused takes, fluffed scenes and so forth, still exists in objected to the script requiring Benton to not recognise 5.2. THE FIVE DOCTORS 89 the Second Doctor. Levene felt this was unfaithful to his frame of mind.”[21] character, who he felt would not forget the Second Doc- tor, and he declined to participate. The scene was filmed with a character introduced as Colonel Crichton in his 5.2.4 Commercial releases place.[10] In print In April 2013, Carole Ann Ford revealed the producers had initially insisted that Susan not refer to the Doctor as A novelisation of this serial, written by Terrance Dicks, her grandfather: “You will not believe why. They said, was published by Target Books in November 1983; it 'We don't really want people to perceive him as having was the only Target novelisation to be published before had sex with someone, to father a child.' I just screamed its story was aired. The novelisation features numerous with hysterical laughter and said, 'In that case, I'm not deleted scenes that subsequently turned up on the Special doing it.'" The script was changed to include mentions of Edition of this story. the characters’ relationship.[11]

Home media 5.2.3 Broadcast and reception

The Five Doctors was first broadcast in the United States on the actual date of the programme’s 20th anniversary. The broadcast in the United Kingdom was delayed two days so it could coincide with the BBC’s Children in Need charity night, with an outro in character by Peter Davison. There were a few segments in the BBC broadcast that had not been shown in the US airing A four-part-serial version of the story was shown on BBC One, nightly between 14 August and 17 August 1984 at 6:15 p.m., achieving viewing figures of 4.7, 4.5, 3.7 and 4.8 million respectively.[15] Paul Cornell, Martin Day, and Keith Topping wrote of the special in The Discontinuity Guide (1995), “A fine anniversary tale, although don't analyse the plot too closely as it’s largely a collection of set pieces without a great deal of substance. This is Terrance Dicks’ loving tribute to a series that he helped to mould and, as such, contains everything that it should.”[16] In The Television Companion (1998), David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker stated that The Five Doctors “is not as bad as it could have been ...[but] the story fairly groans at the seams with the inclusion of so many 'old favourites’.” Still, they felt that it worked as a one-off fun celebration, although it was disappointed that not all five Doc- tors participated, and one of the four who did was not Original UK DVD release front cover played by the original actor.[17] In 2012, Patrick Mulk- ern of Radio Times found the serial fun and with a lot of love, though he noted Pertwee and Sarah Jane fared less The Five Doctors was first released on VHS and Betamax well than some of the others. He also called it “Anthony in September 1985, accidentally using the slightly shorter Ainley’s most effective outing” and praised the efficient version sold to the USA. In 1990, the story was re- scripting and other aspects of production aside from Mof- released, on VHS only, using the original UK broadcast fatt’s “sedate” direction.[18] DVD Talk's Stuart Galbraith edit. This version was also released on US Laserdisc in gave the story four out of five stars, finding Hurndall’s 1994. performance as the First Doctor “the show’s biggest, most A Special Edition of the episode, with updated special ef- delightful surprise”.[19] Writing for io9, Alasdair Wilkins fects, surround-sound compatibility and an alternate edit- said that the special was “far from perfect” and “a big, ing of the raw material was released on VHS in 1995 in a silly adventure”, but worked “much better if you can se- box set with the video of The King’s Demons and a limited lectively switch your brain off”.[20] Digital Spy's Morgan edition postcard album. This version also features a spe- Jeffery gave the story three out of five stars, writing, “Not cial BBC video ident, showing said ident being whisked the show’s finest hour then, but fun if enjoyed in the right away by the Time Scoop. The Special Edition was the first 90 CHAPTER 5. LATER APPEARANCES

Doctor Who story to be released on DVD, on 1 Novem- script. ber 1999. The Region 1 version has a commentary track • At the beginning there are added scenes of the Dark by Peter Davison and writer Terrance Dicks. This would Tower’s exterior and interior. later be carried over to the 2008 Re-release in Region 2. • On 22 August 2005 it was announced that The Five Doc- The Time Scoops’ black triangles have been re- tors would be the first Doctor Who story to be made avail- placed with a new effect, resembling an upside- able to download to mobile phones, in a deal between down whirlwind. BBC Worldwide and the technology firm Rok Player. • The Time Scoop sent to capture the Fourth Doctor The story was re-released as a 25th anniversary edition turns black before capturing him, visibly indicating DVD on 3 March 2008. This release contains both the a malfunction. original broadcast version and the special edition. The • special was a free gift of issue 4 of Doctor Who DVD Thunder sound effects have been added to the scenes Files. of the First Doctor trapped in the mirror-maze as well as to the scene of him outside the front gate. On 28 August 2015, The Five Doctors will be released in • Germany – with the German title Die Fünf Doktoren.[22] There is a visual-effect added onto the Dalek in the mirror-maze after it is struck by its own weapon to suggest intensifying heat prior to it exploding. Special Edition differences • The Dark Tower slowly becomes visible through the destroyed wall panel after the Dalek explodes. • All beam effects, including the boobytrapped checkerboard floor, have been redone. • The effect of the Fifth Doctor and the phantoms fad- ing away have been altered to look less similar. • The image and visual-effect of the Fourth Doctor stuck in the time-vortex has been changed; it no longer features Romana. • Rassilon’s voice has been altered to sound more dramatic. • The last scene of the Fourth Doctor returned to his proper place in space and time has been changed to a different clip from Shada. • The scene at the end in which the various Doctors depart in their TARDISes has been replaced with “Time Scoops” departing instead. • Whilst the Fifth Doctor and the Master are talking (having just met), the Cyberman who catches sight of them no longer says “Ah!" to himself. • The music, dialogue and sound effects are re-mixed in stereo, with two exceptions: The pre-credits clip of William Hartnell, and the Delia Derbyshire arrangement of the theme tune during the first half of the credits. These were left in mono for stylistic reasons. UK DVD front cover

There are many diﬀerences between the original ver- 5.2.5 See also sion of the episode and the special edition version. They are:[23] • The Three Doctors • The Two Doctors • Several scenes have been extended with previously • unused footage. Some scenes also have new musical Dimensions in Time cues. • The Day of the Doctor • Some scenes are re-ordered to match the original • The Five(ish) Doctors Reboot 5.2. THE FIVE DOCTORS 91

5.2.6 References [18] Mulkern, Patrick (22 February 2012). “Doctor Who: The Five Doctors”. Radio Times. Retrieved 11 November [1] From the Doctor Who Magazine series overview, in issue 2013. 407 (pp26-29). The Discontinuity Guide, which counts the unbroadcast serial Shada, lists this as story number 130. [19] Galbraith, Stuart (31 August 2008). “Doctor Who — The Region 1 DVD releases follow The Discontinuity Guide Five Doctors: 25th Anniversary Edition”. DVD Talk. Re- numbering system. trieved 11 November 2013. [20] Wilkins, Alasdiar (23 November 2013). “The Complete [2] “Doctor Who on Channel 11”. Chicago epguides. Re- Guide to Every Single Doctor Who Anniversary Special trieved 23 December 2009. Ever”. io9. Retrieved 11 November 2013.

[3] “The Name of the Doctor Past References – The Doc- [21] Jeﬀery, Morgan (23 November 2012). "'Doctor Who’s tor Who Site News”. News.thedoctorwhosite.co.uk. Re- Best and Worst Multi-Doctor Stories: Friday Fiver”. trieved 2013-10-09. Digital Spy. Retrieved 11 November 2013.

[4] http://www.doctorwho.tv/whats-new/article/ [22] “Doctor Who - die Fünf Doktoren [3 DVDs]". Ama- 12-quotes-we-loved-from-the-time-of-the-doctor/ zon.de.

[5] Walker, Stephen James; David J. Howe (2006). Talkback: [23] Owen, Dave, “Shelf Life,” Doctor Who Magazine, #232, The Unoﬃcial and Unauthorised Doctor Who Interview 22 November 1995, Marvel Comics UK, Ltd., p. 36. Book: Volume One: The Sixties. England: Telos Publish- ing Ltd. p. 30. ISBN 1-84583-006-7. 5.2.7 External links [6] “Walesarts, Cwm Bychan, Llanbedr”. BBC. Retrieved 30 May 2010. • “The Five Doctors” at BBC Online

[7] The Five Doctors director’s commentary, 1995 • “The Five Doctors” at Doctor Who: A Brief History [8] Rawson-Jones, Ben (18 November 2007). “Cult Spy: of Time (Travel) 'Doctor Who' in Need?". Digital Spy. Retrieved 18 • “The Five Doctors” at the Doctor Who Reference November 2007. Guide

[9] Briggs, Nick, “Last Orders”, Doctor Who Magazine, #229, • Script to Screen: The Five Doctors, by Jon Preddle 30 August 1995, Marvel Comics UK Ltd., p.36, quote of (Time Space Visualiser issue 43, March 1995) Nicholas Courtney (who did not specify a companion for Troughton).

[10] Lyons, Steve and Chris Howarth, “The Good Soldier” Reviews Doctor Who Magazine, #230, 27 September 1995, Marvel • Comics UK Ltd., p.44 (interview with John Levene). “The Five Doctors” reviews at Outpost Gallifrey • [11] Moreton, Cole (7 April 2013). "'Doctor Who? It de- “The Five Doctors” reviews at The Doctor Who stroyed my acting career'". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 7 Ratings Guide April 2013. • The Five Doctors: The Collector’s Edition reviews at [12] Shaun Lyon; et al. (31 March 2007). “The Five Doctors”. The Doctor Who Ratings Guide Outpost Gallifrey. Archived from the original on 3 May 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008. Target novelisation [13] “The Five Doctors”. Doctor Who Reference Guide. Re- trieved 30 August 2008. • The Five Doctors (novelisation) reviews at The Doc- tor Who Ratings Guide [14] Sullivan, Shannon (7 August 2007). “The Five Doctors”. A Brief History of Time Travel. Retrieved 30 August • On Target – The Five Doctors 2008.

[15] http://guide.doctorwhonews.net/story.php?story= TheFiveDoctors&detail=broadcast

[16] Cornell, Paul; Day, Martin; Topping, Keith (1995). “The Five Doctors”. The Discontinuity Guide. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 0-426-20442-5.

[17] Howe, David J & Walker, Stephen James (1998). Doctor Who: The Television Companion (1st ed.). London: BBC Books. ISBN 978-0-563-40588-7. Chapter 6

Book

6.1 The Sorcerer’s Apprentice

Not to be confused with The Magician’s Apprentice (Doctor Who).

The Sorcerer’s Apprentice is an original novel written by Christopher Bulis and based on the long-running British science ﬁction television series Doctor Who. It features the First Doctor, Susan, Ian and Barbara.

6.1.1 Plot

Elbyon is an incredible world of fantasy and magic: here, elves and dwarves live in harmony with man, wizards casts powerful spells, and knights slay dragons. Yet for all that, it seems Elbyon has secrets of its own: The TARDIS crew discover a relic from the 13th century in the woods, and become embroiled in the sinister machinations that threaten both the peace of the land, as well as the fate of the entire galaxy.

6.1.2 References

[1] The Doctor’s Timeline at The Whoniverse

[2] Direct placement conﬁrmed by cover blurb.

6.1.3 External links

• The Sorcerer’s Apprentice at the Doctor Who Refer- ence Guide • The Cloister Library - The Sorcerer’s Apprentice • The Sorcerer’s Apprentice at The TARDIS Library

Reviews

• The Sorcerer’s Apprentice reviews at Outpost Gal- lifrey (Archived) • The Sorcerer’s Apprentice reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide

92 Chapter 7

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

7.1 Text

• An Unearthly Child Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Unearthly_Child?oldid=696205470 Contributors: The Anome, Ken Ar- romdee, Paul Benjamin Austin, Paul A, Kwekubo, Palfrey, Mxn, N-true, Morwen, VeryVerily, JonathanDP81, MK~enwiki, Pigsonthew- ing, Chrism, Timrollpickering, Sheridan, Wereon, Angmering, ALargeElk, Auximines, Khaosworks, Hammersfan, Arcturus, SamSim, Kate, Grstain, Reinthal, Amxitsa, SoM, Rich Farmbrough, Ahkond, Moochocoogle, Martpol, Rsgranne, 23skidoo, Rje, Paul1337, Don- Quixote, Jheald, Tony Sidaway, Rednaxela, The JPS, Firsfron, Veemonkamiya, PaulHammond, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Cbustapeck, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, Jmcc150, Ligulem, MarnetteD, ExcaliDragon, Ravenswood, Fragglet, Sonitus, Cyclone49, Bjwebb, Jawr256, Sceptre, Nettyboo, GusF, Yamara, Gaius Cornelius, Kyorosuke, GeeJo, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Irishguy, Litefoot, Kelvingreen, RL0919, TransUtopian, Alan-WK, Black-Velvet, Thelb4, Fourohfour, Whouk, KJBracey, EJSawyer, Codu, SmackBot, John Lunney, Tom Prankerd, Dyslexic agnostic, Cuddlyopedia, Hmains, MalafayaBot, Parableman, MapleLeafFan04, MisterHand, ChrisTheDude, Matthew, Konczewski, Quizman1967, MartinP1983, EVula, Metebelis, MCMikeNamara, Ohconfucius, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, John, J 1982, Zx- treme92, Chris 42, The Tramp, Ckatz, Boomshadow, Mr Stephen, OZOO, Peter Horn, Dl2000, Aderack, J Milburn, Mattbr, Comic master, Cydebot, Beware the daleks!, Oosoom, Blackmetalbaz, Davhorn, Garik, NorthernThunder, Thijs!bot, James086, Davidhorman, Gioto, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, Malcolm, J'onn J'onzz, Benriggers, Serpent’s Choice, Eddie Hawkins, Sophie means wisdom, Sherlock- spock, J Greb, Acroterion, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Type 40, Haroldjclements, Erpbridge, MartinBot, Phantomsnake, Cuddly Panda, MartinSFSA, Cop 663, Manbemel, Phated, Skier Dude, STBotD, DH85868993, Etron81, Jcamts, Random Passer-by, France a, Sroc, Dendodge, Digby Tantrum, StuartDD, Meadow68, Kepiblanc, Jamesmarkhetterley, Wiggstar69, UselessInfoMine, AlleborgoBot, Peter cohen, Team-alfie-jamie, Lightmouse, Ivan11111, The Tribe of Gum, Wilstrup, ImageRemovalBot, Kelvin 101, OmahaStar, Ar- jayay, Tuzapicabit, Emoboy2, Jo94enw, Grafix13, Addbot, Lost on Belmont, LinkFA-Bot, MileyDavidA, Godianus the Finder, Vertical- Drop, AnomieBOT, Catpedantic~enwiki, Pet Gaw, Ulric1313, Citation bot, LilHelpa, Eric Blatant, Armbrust, Kiifu, FrescoBot, Ae Daily, Redrose64, Full-date unlinking bot, Alzarian16, Fred the happy man, Spudgfsh, DASHBot, Im903yearsold, EmausBot, WikitanvirBot, RA0808, Kyle Kinsella, Mrluke485, Josve05a, H3llBot, Captain Screebo, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Shanarosenberg, Smartie2thaMaxXx, ClueBot NG, Gareth Griffith-Jones, Rhain1999, TARDIS2468, Quick and Dirty User Account, Gothicfilm, BG19bot, ScavengerInHu- manForm, Flax5, PhnomPencil, Mark Arsten, Pasicles, BattyBot, DoctorKubla, Khazar2, Dexbot, MyTuppence, Mogism, Burnley45, Tommatkencaz, Bowdenford, Transphasic, ZipsFliesandTrousers, Shannon1986, Taylor Trescott, Winter’s Tulpa, Wakki44, Tal Brenev, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, AshSkull27017 and Anonymous: 132 • The Daleks Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daleks?oldid=696205826 Contributors: Paul Benjamin Austin, Zannah, Maximus Rex, Morwen, JonathanDP81, Stormie, MK~enwiki, Timrollpickering, Holizz, Angmering, BillyH, ALargeElk, DaveJB, Khaosworks, Phil Sandifer, Hammersfan, Sam Hocevar, Histrion, Rich Farmbrough, Martpol, 23skidoo, Franey, Pikawil, Malafaya, Rje, Pearle, Hektor, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Tim!, Nightscream, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, Daniel Collins, MarnetteD, Chingwakabungya, Banazir, Bjwebb, Sceptre, Hairy Dude, Aekolman, Gaius Cornelius, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Irishguy, Litefoot, Occono, Codenamecuckoo, Elkman, Alan-WK, FF2010, Black-Velvet, Ben King, Ordinary Person, Thelb4, KJBracey, Codu, SmackBot, Banghi, Dyslexic agnostic, Carl.bunderson, Jellyman, Farry, MisterHand, Konczewski, Kittybrewster, Downwards, Metebelis, Doogie2K, Harryboyles, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, Boomshadow, OZOO, E-Kartoffel, Dl2000, Aderack, Davidbspalding, Liam Skoda, Mattbr, Apterygial, Cydebot, Charles RB, Davhorn, Luminifer, D4g0thur, Wolf of Fenric, Fru1tbat, Edokter, U-Mos, Malcolm, Exo- dus05~enwiki, Benriggers, J Greb, Rothorpe, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Jatkins, DerHexer, Ray Ellis, MartinSFSA, Manbe- mel, Lordgilman, Sakana Katana, Loafing, DH85868993, Etron81, Dominics Fire, MOTORAL1987, JhsBot, DAK4Blizzard, StuartDD, Meadow68, AlleborgoBot, Lyinginbedmon, Slatersteven, Rlendog, Peter cohen, TheThingy, ImageRemovalBot, DoctorHell, Pmonsey, Jtomlin1uk, Mezigue, OmahaStar, Ludovicdunbar, Emoboy2, Jo94enw, Manyanswer, Lost on Belmont, Download, Tide rolls, Miley- DavidA, Pet Gaw, Ulric1313, Citation bot, James500, Donlock, Kaiserthegreat, Denorocka, Erik9, Thehelpfulbot, FrescoBot, Redrose64, TRBP, Trappist the monk, Panel Guy, Audhumbla, Alzarian16, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, EmausBot, Kyle Kinsella, Josve05a, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Drwhofan11, ChuispastonBot, Whoop whoop pull up, Catholic nerd, ClueBot NG, ScavengerInHumanForm, Babelcolour5, Themanofwood56, DWEE1, Hamish59, Bluecameron, ChrisGualtieri, SassyLilNugget, Tommatkencaz, Molewart, Bow- denford, Shannon1986, Potassium 40, Winter’s Tulpa, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, TardisTybort and Anonymous: 113 • The Edge of Destruction Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Edge_of_Destruction?oldid=696206182 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Topbanana, JonathanDP81, MK~enwiki, Chrism, Timrollpickering, Everyking, ALargeElk, Khaosworks, TonyW, Rich Farmbrough, Ahkond, Martpol, ESkog, 23skidoo, Franey, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, PaulHammond, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Marudubshinki, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, PHenry, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Bjwebb, Jawr256, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, Kyorosuke, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen,

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Irishguy, Litefoot, TransUtopian, Alan-WK, Bondegezou, Thelb4, Whouk, KJBracey, Codu, WikiuserNI, MisterHand, Konczewski, BryanG, John, Crockalley, Chris 42, Ckatz, Comicist, OZOO, Dl2000, Beve, Aderack, CmdrObot, Cydebot, Davhorn, Yettie0711, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, Fayenatic london, Malcolm, Benriggers, J Greb, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Duggy 1138, JaGa, MartinBot, Matt-rex, Andy5421, Manbemel, Cumbersnatch, Etron81, VolkovBot, JhsBot, Anthrcer, StuartDD, Meadow68, Wiggstar69, AlleborgoBot, Megasquid500, Pdfpdf, Black Dalek, Rlendog, CatherS, Davidbanuelos, Ophois, The Tribe of Gum, ImageRemovalBot, Mezigue, Wahroongahadventist2077, OmahaStar, Thethirteenthdoctor, Emoboy2, Jo94enw, DrVxD, WikHead, Mifter, Kbdankbot, Lost on Belmont, Yobot, Quispiam, Pet Gaw, Daniel Benfield, GrouchoBot, FrescoBot, Boleyn3, ProtoDrake, Redrose64, Full-date unlinking bot, Alzarian16, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, EmausBot, Kv7sW9bIr8, Kyle Kinsella, Fæ, Josve05a, Glimmer721, SporkBot, 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Theoosmond, Slivertiger779, Outedexits and Anonymous: 45 • The Aztecs (Doctor Who) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Aztecs_(Doctor_Who)?oldid=696206255 Contributors: Zannah, Lee M, JonathanDP81, Robbot, Timrollpickering, Pmcray, BillyH, SoWhy, Khaosworks, Ellsworth, Sam Hocevar, Guybrush, Amxitsa, Rich Farmbrough, Etimbo, 23skidoo, Dystopos, Malafaya, Marwood, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, Bellhalla, PaulHammond, Doctor- Who42, Whitehorse1, DavidFarmbrough, GraemeLeggett, Turnstep, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Made2Fade, Cy- clone49, CJLL Wright, Sceptre, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Blane~enwiki, Gadget850, Alan-WK, Black-Velvet, Fram, Thelb4, Whouk, SmackBot, WooperJeff, C.Fred, Cuddlyopedia, Jm307, Donnie Love, MisterHand, Dave-ros, Gildir, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, Dun- geoneer, OZOO, Dl2000, Aderack, User6985, Cydebot, NorthernThunder, Yettie0711, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, Malcolm, Sophie means wisdom, J Greb, Fluffy the Cotton Fish, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Daemonic Kangaroo, ArchangelMichael, Manbemel, Cometstyles, Etron81, VolkovBot, Comrade Graham, JhsBot, StuartDD, AlleborgoBot, Jack1956, Goustien, The Tribe of Gum, ImageRe- movalBot, ClueBot, Mezigue, OmahaStar, Razorflame, Emoboy2, XLinkBot, DrVxD, Lost on Belmont, Drpickem, MileyDavidA, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, Catpedantic~enwiki, Pet Gaw, Phthinosuchusisanancestor, 4twenty42o, Astatine-210, FreeKnowledgeCreator, Fres- coBot, Redrose64, Declan Clam, Alzarian16, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Kyle Kinsella, ZéroBot, Josve05a, H3llBot, Wikidude10000, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Whoop whoop pull up, ClueBot NG, Helpful Pixie Bot, ScavengerInHumanForm, Wizard of Woz, Edangbilt, Tommatkencaz, Winter’s Tulpa, TheDoctoor, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theoosmond, Aacop and Anonymous: 61 • The Sensorites Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sensorites?oldid=696206596 Contributors: Ken Arromdee, JonathanDP81, Chrism, Boffy b, Angmering, Marcika, MisfitToys, Khaosworks, Rich Farmbrough, Daydream believer2, Ahkond, 23skidoo, Pikawil, Rje, Irishpunktom, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Tabletop, Bluemoose, DavidFarmbrough, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Fragglet, Celestianpower, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, Ou tis, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Gra- cieLizzie, Zythe, Allegrorondo, Alan-WK, Thelb4, KJBracey, TLSuda, SmackBot, Gregmce, Chris the speller, MalafayaBot, MisterHand, John, Number36, Chris 42, Ckatz, Dungeoneer, OZOO, Dl2000, Aderack, ChrisCork, CmdrObot, Davhorn, Yettie0711, Davidhorman, Tahrlis, Jaylemurph, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, Darklilac, Malcolm, J Greb, Promus Kaa, Mortaneous, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Matt-rex, Manbemel, Etron81, VolkovBot, JhsBot, Davros6999, StuartDD, AlleborgoBot, Paul 1978, Goustien, Charlr6, DrVxD, Lost on Belmont, Killy mcgee, MileyDavidA, Yobot, 2D, Pet Gaw, 7h3 3L173, FrescoBot, Darrenwho, Boleyn3, Redrose64, Tom sainsbury, Alzarian16, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Kyle Kinsella, ZéroBot, Medeis, H3llBot, Wikidude10000, Glimmer721, Spork- Bot, Whoop whoop pull up, Helpful Pixie Bot, Flax5, Mogism, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Filedelinkerbot, Theoosmond, Perapin, Shyzull, Gothaparduskerialldrapolatkh, Slivertiger779, Doctor661 and Anonymous: 55 • The Reign of Terror (Doctor Who) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reign_of_Terror_(Doctor_Who)?oldid=696206610 Con- tributors: Dascott, Edward, JonathanDP81, Chrism, Timrollpickering, Radagast, DaveJB, Khaosworks, Kuralyov, Rich Farmbrough, Daydream believer2, 23skidoo, Grutness, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, DavidFarmbrough, Ste- fanomione, Rjwilmsi, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, SargeAbernathy, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, Seryass, Gaius Cornelius, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Lexicon, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Thelb4, SmackBot, Cuddlyopedia, Donnie Love, MisterHand, OrphanBot, John, Bri- antist, Chris 42, Ckatz, Gallicus, OZOO, Dl2000, Aderack, Cydebot, Davhorn, Robsinden, Yukichigai, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, Fayenatic london, Malcolm, EvilUnderFoot, J Greb, Fluffy the Cotton Fish, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Schmatt, Manbemel, Etron81, VolkovBot, Derekbd, JhsBot, Tbrittreid, Gibson Flying V, Maxim, StuartDD, Victory93, AlleborgoBot, Paul 1978, Aspects, Blaine Coughlan, Tuzapicabit, XLinkBot, Jo94enw, Sims2aholic8, Pie'n'gravy, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, Catpedantic~enwiki, Pet Gaw, Shadowjams, FrescoBot, Redrose64, HRoestBot, Connorthomha, Alzarian16, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Kyle Kinsella, H3llBot, Glim- mer721, SporkBot, Whoop whoop pull up, Andypiperuk, Mannanan51, Babelcolour5, Wizard of Woz, GreenBerry84, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theoosmond, Telos 32, BlackGator and Anonymous: 64 7.1. TEXT 95

• Planet of Giants Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_of_Giants?oldid=696206616 Contributors: Bryan Derksen, Lee M, JonathanDP81, Timrollpickering, Tangerine Cossack, Khaosworks, Hammersfan, Rich Farmbrough, Daydream believer2, Ahkond, 23ski- doo, Malafaya, Marwood, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, Woohookitty, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, DavidFarmbrough, Graeme- Leggett, Rjwilmsi, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Chingwakabungya, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, Kyorosuke, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, SmackBot, Tom Prankerd, Dyslexic agnostic, Cuddlyopedia, MisterHand, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Achorn316, Iridescent, Aderack, Cydebot, Paul75, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, Benriggers, J Greb, Mortaneous, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Jlcwalden, Ljscott, MartinSFSA, Manbemel, Etron81, JhsBot, AlleborgoBot, Invincor, Aspects, The Gene Lantern, Charlr6, DrVxD, Barsoomian, Lost on Belmont, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, Daniel Benfield, FrescoBot, Redrose64, Full-date unlinking bot, Alzarian16, Fred the happy man, Spudgfsh, ZéroBot, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Whoop whoop pull up, Helpful Pixie Bot, Babelcolour5, Orfeocookie, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, MayorOfIacon, Theoosmond, BlackGator and Anonymous: 31 • The Dalek Invasion of Earth Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dalek_Invasion_of_Earth?oldid=696206396 Contributors: Zan- nah, StAkAr Karnak, JonathanDP81, Pigsonthewing, Chrism, Timrollpickering, Angmering, Gamaliel, AlistairMcMillan, Khaosworks, Kuralyov, Hammersfan, Goobergunch, Rich Farmbrough, YUL89YYZ, Ahkond, Martpol, 23skidoo, Pikawil, Proteus71, Dr Zen, Don- Quixote, Tony Sidaway, Alai, Jackel, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Bartash, ThomasHarte, DavidFarmbrough, GraemeLeggett, Allen3, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, Bhadani, MarnetteD, Str1977, CJ2005B, Jawr256, Sceptre, RussBot, Hiyya54, Danbarnesdavies, Yallery Brown, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Codenamecuckoo, Alan-WK, Deville, Lec CRP1, Whouk, SmackBot, Nitramrekcap, WikiuserNI, MalafayaBot, Colonies Chris, D-Rock, MisterHand, Aldaron, AdeMiami, Dave-ros, Adamriggio, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, Berks105, OZOO, Neddyseagoon, Achorn316, Peter Horn, Aderack, Cydebot, Achangeisasgoodasa, Blackmetalbaz, Davhorn, In Defense of the Artist, After Midnight, Jsteph, Yettie0711, Davidhorman, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, Fayenatic london, J Greb, Magioladi- tis, MarkR06, Power ranger, JoeFinegold, Gotyear, Manbemel, Cometstyles, Bluecatcinema, Etron81, Crazysnailboy, Retiono Virginian, StuartDD, Meadow68, AlleborgoBot, Rlendog, WereSpielChequers, McGrupp10799, Fuddle, Pmonsey, OmahaStar, Seekerbot, Geofgib- son, DumZiBoT, WikHead, Lost on Belmont, Ferroequus, Tassedethe, Lightbot, Killy mcgee, MileyDavidA, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, AnomieBOT, Donlock, 4twenty42o, FreeKnowledgeCreator, FrescoBot, Redrose64, HRoestBot, ZodKneelsFirst, TR-BT, Trappist the monk, Sweet xx, Panel Guy, Therealluke, Alzarian16, Spudgfsh, Skelkins, RenamedUser01302013, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Drwhofan11, Doctorwhofan11, Whoop whoop pull up, Helpful Pixie Bot, BG19bot, ProgVal, BattyBot, Orfeocookie, Khazar2, Doctorwhoworldwide, Randykitty, Jodosma, Tommatkencaz, Andrew Walmsley, Bowdenford, Luceyh01, JohnSmith5000100, BlackGator and Anonymous: 85 • The Rescue (Doctor Who) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rescue_(Doctor_Who)?oldid=696206758 Contributors: The Anome, Deb, Paul Barlow, JonathanDP81, Chrism, Timrollpickering, Angmering, Khaosworks, Bosmon, Rich Farmbrough, 23skidoo, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, GraemeLeggett, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, Kyorosuke, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, SmackBot, MalafayaBot, MisterHand, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Achorn316, Bobamnertiopsis, Aderack, Cydebot, In Defense of the Artist, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, J Greb, Fluffy the Cotton Fish, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Manbemel, Etron81, Mastrchf91, A wikipedia member with an awful username, Paul 1978, Umrguy42, ImageRemovalBot, Pmonsey, DrVxD, Lost on Belmont, Yobot, Synchronism, Ulric1313, LilHelpa, Tiller54, FrescoBot, Redrose64, HRoestBot, Johnsmith who, Full-date unlinking bot, Alzarian16, John of Reading, H3llBot, Glimmer721, Unreal7, Spork- Bot, Sven Manguard, Themarkdolan, Rhain1999, ScavengerInHumanForm, BattyBot, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theoosmond and Anonymous: 29 • The Romans (Doctor Who) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Romans_(Doctor_Who)?oldid=696206761 Contributors: Nv8200pa, JonathanDP81, Auric, Angmering, Khaosworks, Rich Farmbrough, 23skidoo, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, P Inger- son, Woohookitty, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, GusF, Welsh, Tehr, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Whouk, Dvfrancis, SmackBot, Felix Dance, Cuddlyopedia, MalafayaBot, MisterHand, Konczewski, John, SilkTork, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Neddyseagoon, Aderack, Cydebot, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, J Greb, Fluffy the Cotton Fish, Terrypin, Magioladitis, Lord antares, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Manbemel, Hadriantemple, Pawnkingthree, Etron81, Digby Tantrum, Paul 1978, ImageRemovalBot, Pmonsey, XLinkBot, DrVxD, Sims2aholic8, Lost on Belmont, Tassedethe, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, DryHumour, Ulric1313, Maniadis, Tiller54, FrescoBot, Cuddy2977, Redrose64, ZodKneelsFirst, DReifGalaxyM31, Full-date unlinking bot, Alzarian16, Spudgfsh, EmausBot, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, CBcleaner, Western John, Mannanan51, ScavengerIn- HumanForm, Ianmcardell, Orfeocookie, Smattering, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theoosmond, Sealmay and Anonymous: 33 • The Web Planet Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Web_Planet?oldid=696206604 Contributors: Dascott, JonathanDP81, Tim- rollpickering, Radagast, Angmering, Cjewell, Khaosworks, Rich Farmbrough, 23skidoo, Red Scharlach, Marwood, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Kralizec!, GraemeLeggett, Tim!, Koavf, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Scep- tre, Mollsmolyneux, GusF, Kyorosuke, Bovineone, Gate2Valusia, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, TransUtopian, Alan-WK, Ben King, Thelb4, Whouk, Dr. R.K.Z, SmackBot, Chairman S., RlyehRising, Schmiteye, MalafayaBot, MisterHand, John, Aleenf1, Chris 42, Ckatz, Boomshadow, OZOO, Aderack, Comic master, CzechOut, Cydebot, Ebyabe, Jsteph, Yettie0711, Davidhorman, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, J Greb, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Type 40, JaGa, Ray Ellis, Edgrainger, Manbemel, Cometstyles, Etron81, Ster- lingjones, Jpreddle, Meadow68, Rlendog, SnareDrumKneeCaps, ImageRemovalBot, Mezigue, Robert Ferrier, XLinkBot, Jo94enw, VI- ABellum, Lost on Belmont, Yobot, Lord Xavius, AnomieBOT, Ulric1313, Tuesdaily, Unscented, FrescoBot, Redrose64, RedBot, Alzar- ian16, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Kyle Kinsella, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Mrsmithinnotts, Ei1sos, Frietjes, ScavengerInHuman- Form, Babelcolour5, Flax5, Khazar2, Smattering, JohnSmith5000100, Chronarch, Monkbot, Theoosmond, BlackGator and Anonymous: 48 • The Crusade (Doctor Who) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crusade_(Doctor_Who)?oldid=696206788 Contributors: Axel- Boldt, Eclecticology, John K, Uriber, JonathanDP81, Jerzy, Chrism, Timrollpickering, Radagast, Angmering, Beardo, Mboverload, Khaos- works, Lacrimosus, Rich Farmbrough, 23skidoo, Marwood, Grutness, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DrGaellon, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, GraemeLeggett, John Kenneth Fisher, BD2412, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, JohnDBuell, Ian Pitch- ford, SargeAbernathy, Str1977, Sceptre, RussBot, Seryass, GusF, Tehr, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Silverwhistle, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Whouk, KJBracey, Philip Stevens, SmackBot, Cuddlyopedia, Chris the speller, MalafayaBot, MisterHand, Konczewski, Jwy, Gildir, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Neddyseagoon, Dl2000, Aderack, Joegoodfriend, Browserlong, Terbayang, Cydebot, Yukichigai, JustAGal, Wolf of Fen- ric, Edokter, J Greb, Fluffy the Cotton Fish, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Nick Cooper, GavSalkeld, Ray Ellis, Rufous-crowned Sparrow, Manbemel, Clerks, Etron81, Random Passer-by, Jpreddle, Tbrittreid, StuartDD, Meadow68, SieBot, Qst, Fuddle, Nickmurdoch, Vodkamad, DrVxD, Lost on Belmont, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, AnomieBOT, Ulric1313, Tuesdaily, FrescoBot, Redrose64, HRoest- Bot, ZodKneelsFirst, Alzarian16, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Kyle Kinsella, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Mrsmithinnotts, Noreplyhaha, Whoop whoop pull up, Testsignal, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theoosmond, BlackGator and Anonymous: 54 • The Space Museum Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Space_Museum?oldid=696206795 Contributors: JonathanDP81, Jph, Chrism, Timrollpickering, Khaosworks, Grstain, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, 23skidoo, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, Doc- 96 CHAPTER 7. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

torWho42, Whitehorse1, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, GusF, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Lite- foot, Gadget850, Black Falcon, Alan-WK, Mike Selinker, Whouk, KJBracey, SmackBot, WikiuserNI, MisterHand, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Dl2000, Aderack, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, J Greb, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Matt-rex, MartinSFSA, Manbemel, Fruit- Monkey, Etron81, VolkovBot, StuartDD, Meadow68, Sealman, Paul 1978, Davidbanuelos, ImageRemovalBot, Arjayay, Boleyn, DrVxD, Lost on Belmont, Yobot, KamikazeBot, Ulric1313, Tuesdaily, FrescoBot, Redrose64, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Kyle Kinsella, ZéroBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Mrsmithinnotts, Babelcolour5, Bowdenford, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theoosmond and Anonymous: 31 • The Chase (Doctor Who) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chase_(Doctor_Who)?oldid=696206803 Contributors: Paul Ben- jamin Austin, John K, Charles Matthews, JonathanDP81, Lowellian, Timrollpickering, Radagast, Angmering, Bfinn, Christopherlin, Wma- han, Khaosworks, Hammersfan, Grstain, Bedders, Rich Farmbrough, 96T, 23skidoo, Pikawil, Proteus71, Ashley Pomeroy, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DrGaellon, Woohookitty, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, John Cardinal, DavidFarmbrough, Rjwilmsi, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Chingwakabungya, Sonitus, Bjwebb, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, Nettyboo, Kyorosuke, Rhindle The Red, James- gibbon, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Zythe, TransUtopian, Alan-WK, Mike Selinker, Jogers, Whouk, Ed zeppelin, SmackBot, Nfitz, Cuddlyopedia, MalafayaBot, Jellyman, MisterHand, TKD, Dave-ros, Harryboyles, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Dl2000, Aderack, Cy- debot, Davhorn, Robsinden, Davidhorman, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, Cjs2111, J Greb, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Nick Cooper, Andrewjharvey1, Rettetast, Matt-rex, Edgrainger, Manbemel, Doomsday28, Yeatesy, Etron81, GrahamHardy, Digby Tantrum, Meadow68, Rlendog, Xe7al, Ray and jub, DOI bot, Tassedethe, Lightbot, MileyDavidA, Yobot, Kerfuffler, Ulric1313, Citation bot, Daniel Benfield, Donlock, Tuesdaily, Charlie42s, FreeKnowledgeCreator, FrescoBot, Redrose64, DrilBot, Jonesey95, Major Gemmy, Fred the happy man, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, EmausBot, GoingBatty, Kyle Kinsella, Yeepsi, Finister2, H3llBot, Glimmer721, Unreal7, SporkBot, Mrsmithinnotts, Drwhofan11, Doctorwhofan11, Whoop whoop pull up, ClueBot NG, Bluecameron, TheJJJunk, Tommatkencaz, Bowden- ford, ZipsFliesandTrousers, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theoosmond, BlackGator and Anonymous: 93 • The Time Meddler Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Time_Meddler?oldid=696206828 Contributors: Shsilver, Lee M, JonathanDP81, Timrollpickering, Wereon, Angmering, SonicAD, Khaosworks, Klemen Kocjancic, Rich Farmbrough, 23skidoo, Pro- teus71, Seancdaug, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Tabletop, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Fish and karate, Sceptre, GusF, Kyorosuke, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Thelb4, SmackBot, Baz34, Dyslexic agnostic, Cuddlyopedia, Chris the speller, MisterHand, ChrisTheDude, Konczewski, MattHucke, John, Gizzakk, Majorclanger, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Ehheh, Dl2000, Gil Gamesh, Aderack, Freddie R. Aldous, Cydebot, Davidhorman, Jay Firestorm, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, Benriggers, J Greb, Magioladitis, Pharillon, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Type 40, MartinSFSA, Manbemel, Hadriantemple, Etron81, Icy Commander, VolkovBot, Paul 1978, Invincor, Teddyleevin, Jonedney, Scorde, Wahroongahadventist2077, Billyhartnell, Lost on Belmont, MileyDavidA, Yobot, DisillusionedBitterAndKnackered, AnomieBOT, Ulric1313, Phthinosuchusisanancestor, Tuesdaily, The Tomb of the Cybermen, Sionk, J04n, FrescoBot, Redrose64, Alzarian16, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Kyle Kinsella, Finister2, ZéroBot, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Mrsmithinnotts, Doctorwhofan11, SundableObject, Whoop whoop pull up, Delusion23, Mannanan51, Helpful Pixie Bot, Flax5, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theoosmond and Anonymous: 55 • Galaxy 4 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_4?oldid=696206837 Contributors: Andrewman327, JonathanDP81, GPHemsley, Timrollpickering, Angmering, Joe Sewell, SoWhy, Khaosworks, Hammersfan, Rich Farmbrough, Daydream believer2, Ahkond, 23skidoo, Grutness, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, Ringbang, Dopefish, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Rjwilmsi, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, SargeAbernathy, Fragglet, Billpg, Sceptre, Rcirani, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Ben King, Whouk, SmackBot, Nihonjoe, Autarch, Jm307, MalafayaBot, MisterHand, Tamfang, Konczewski, Chrylis, John, Chris 42, The Tramp, Ckatz, OZOO, Achorn316, Dl2000, Aderack, Blackmetalbaz, Yukichigai, Yettie0711, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, J Greb, Magioladitis, RafeyS, Jerome Kohl, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Matt-rex, Manbemel, Hadriantemple, Etron81, VolkovBot, Philip Trueman, Tbrittreid, Meadow68, Lerdthenerd, Paul 1978, Fuddle, Scorde, Excirial, Kelvin 101, Carriearchdale, DOI bot, Lost on Belmont, Tassedethe, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Ulric1313, LilHelpa, Tuesdaily, Eric Blatant, Eleventh Doctor, FrescoBot, Redrose64, Alzarian16, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Kyle Kinsella, ZéroBot, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Drwhofan11, Whoop whoop pull up, Driftwooddrwho, ProgVal, Wizard of Woz, Mogism, Ynunnggghh, Ram Zaltsman, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot and Anonymous: 50 • Mission to the Unknown Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_to_the_Unknown?oldid=696206499 Contributors: Deb, Ed- ward, JonathanDP81, Phil Boswell, Chrism, Timrollpickering, DaveJB, Khaosworks, Hammersfan, Rich Farmbrough, 23skidoo, Grutness, Proteus71, Seancdaug, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, GraemeLeggett, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, SargeAbernathy, Sonitus, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, Seryass, ChristianEdwardGruber, Stephenb, Kyorosuke, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Bondegezou, Smurrayinchester, SmackBot, Shan246, MisterHand, Matthew, Gildir, Chris 42, The Tramp, Ckatz, Comicist, OZOO, TPIRFanSteve, Novangelis, Dl2000, Iridescent, Aderack, Jasrocks, Freddie R. Aldous, Blackmetalbaz, Yukichi- gai, CZeke, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, Sophie means wisdom, J Greb, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Manbemel, Evil Egg, Etron81, VolkovBot, TreasuryTag, Victory93, Zombiflava, Ninington, Donbodo, ImageRemovalBot, Pmonsey, Tassedethe, Pro- tonic86, Etopp62, MileyDavidA, Yobot, 101090ABC, Ulric1313, Donlock, Tuesdaily, Eleventh Doctor, FrescoBot, Redrose64, Alzar- ian16, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Kyle Kinsella, ZéroBot, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Drwhofan11, Noreplyhaha, Whoop whoop pull up, Rhain1999, Steveland cleamer, Flax5, Bowdenford, G S Palmer, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot and Anonymous: 52 • The Myth Makers Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Myth_Makers?oldid=696206850 Contributors: JonathanDP81, Chrism, Khaosworks, Kuralyov, Hammersfan, Rich Farmbrough, 23skidoo, Malafaya, Grutness, Proteus71, Hackwrench, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, Ringbang, Woohookitty, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, John Kenneth Fisher, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Ravenswood, SargeAbernathy, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, Kyorosuke, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Ben King, SmackBot, Hogtree, WikiuserNI, Nscheffey, OrangeDog, Tom1907, MisterHand, Ohconfucius, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Dl2000, StephenBux- ton, Aderack, CanadianLemming, Cydebot, Blackmetalbaz, TonyTheTiger, Yukichigai, Format, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, J Greb, Fluffy the Cotton Fish, Magioladitis, JoeFinegold, GavSalkeld, Manbemel, Veganaxos, Sparafucil, Etron81, Beezhive, BrainBlessed, Hpfreak26, KitMarlowe2, Meadow68, Peter cohen, ImageRemovalBot, Ratemonth, Pmonsey, Blaine Coughlan, Tuzapicabit, Bilsonius, Pie'n'gravy, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, AnomieBOT, Ulric1313, Tuesdaily, FrescoBot, Redrose64, HRoestBot, DReifGalaxyM31, Full-date unlinking bot, Alzarian16, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Finister2, BionicMK, H3llBot, Wikidude10000, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Noreplyhaha, Whoop whoop pull up, Mannanan51, ProgVal, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theoosmond and Anonymous: 38 • The Daleks’ Master Plan Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daleks’{}_Master_Plan?oldid=696206564 Contributors: Bryan Derksen, Paul Benjamin Austin, JonathanDP81, Chrism, Timrollpickering, Angmering, Daibhid C, DaveJB, Khaosworks, Hammersfan, Rich Farmbrough, 23skidoo, Cmdrjameson, Alasdairking, Grutness, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, Dopefish, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Chris Buckey, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Fish and karate, JohnDBuell, SargeAbernathy, SchuminWeb, Str1977, Iain k, Bjwebb, Jawr256, Sceptre, Seryass, GusF, Kyorosuke, Wiki alf, Rcirani, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Fang 7.1. TEXT 97

Aili, Ben King, Ordinary Person, Whouk, EJSawyer, SmackBot, WooperJeff, Asa01, Tobias Schmidbauer, McGeddon, WikiuserNI, Dan- gelo82, Cuddlyopedia, MisterHand, Metebelis, Ohconfucius, John, M4bwav, Kransky, Majorclanger, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Stephen- Buxton, Aderack, Cashie, Freddie R. Aldous, Cydebot, Gnfnrf, PamD, Yukichigai, Leon7, Format, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, ARTEST4ECHO, J Greb, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, GavSalkeld, R'n'B, MartinSFSA, Manbemel, Cumbersnatch, Etron81, Random Passer-by, VolkovBot, Tbrittreid, StuartDD, Meadow68, Victory93, Oldag07, Antony Howe, Robinson123, ImageRemovalBot, Pmonsey, PixelBot, Rainbow87, CharlieFisher, Kbdankbot, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, AnomieBOT, Citation bot, Daniel Benfield, Don- lock, LilHelpa, Tuesdaily, FrescoBot, Wyldstaar, Citation bot 1, Redrose64, HRoestBot, Full-date unlinking bot, Alzarian16, Fred the happy man, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, John of Reading, Roier, Tommy2010, Finister2, Quark66too, H3llBot, Wikidude10000, Glim- mer721, SporkBot, Mrsmithinnotts, Smartie2thaMaxXx, Whoop whoop pull up, Rtucker913, Rhain1999, TARDIS2468, Flax5, Robdog 1232, Bluecameron, Khazar2, Acdman1, Deathlasersonline, Mogism, Bowdenford, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, EdgarCabreraFariña, Theoosmond, BigRift, BlackGator and Anonymous: 141 • The Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Massacre_of_St_Bartholomew’{}s_Eve?oldid= 696206871 Contributors: LA2, Steinsky, JonathanDP81, Timrollpickering, Angmering, BillyH, Christopherlin, MisfitToys, Khaosworks, Grstain, Ham II, DanielCD, Rich Farmbrough, Antaeus Feldspar, 23skidoo, Malafaya, Grutness, Inky, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, Dr- Gaellon, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, JohnDBuell, SargeAbernathy, Str1977, Sonitus, Iain k, Sceptre, RussBot, Epolk, Kyorosuke, Rcirani, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Ben King, Whouk, SmackBot, Tobias Schmidbauer, Cuddlyopedia, Hmains, Autarch, MisterHand, OrphanBot, BrotherFlounder, John, Chris 42, The Tramp, Ckatz, Phil PH, OZOO, Bwalko, Yotsuya48, Aderack, Freddie R. Aldous, Cydebot, Yukichigai, Ozzieboy, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, J Greb, Fluffy the Cotton Fish, Magioladitis, VoABot II, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, GavSalkeld, Jamespeterka, Manbemel, Etron81, Meadow68, Mj92, Paul 1978, Til Eulenspiegel, LarRan, LAX, Niceguyedc, Blaine Coughlan, Quicksand24, Lost on Belmont, Pie'n'gravy, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, AnomieBOT, 1exec1, Catpedantic~enwiki, Philip Ayres, FrescoBot, Redrose64, Full-date unlinking bot, HCShannon, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Whoop whoop pull up, Mannanan51, MerlIwBot, Grey tide ear, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theoosmond and Anonymous: 58 • The Ark (Doctor Who) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ark_(Doctor_Who)?oldid=696206822 Contributors: JonathanDP81, Jerzy, Timrollpickering, Beardo, Garth 187, Khaosworks, Rich Farmbrough, CanisRufus, 23skidoo, Malafaya, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DrGaellon, LukeSurl, Dopefish, BreathingMeat, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, Marnet- teD, Banazir, Iain k, Sceptre, Stephenb, Kyorosuke, RadioKirk, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Zythe, Alan-WK, Ben King, KJBracey, SmackBot, MisterHand, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Dl2000, Arcadianrefugee, StephenBuxton, Aderack, CzechOut, Davhorn, David- horman, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, J Greb, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, MartinSFSA, Edgrainger, Manbemel, Etron81, Tbrittreid, Meadow68, Victory93, Paul 1978, Fuddle, Sfan00 IMG, Lost on Belmont, Yobot, Tuesdaily, FrescoBot, Redrose64, HRoestBot, D60r9p, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, BG19bot, BattyBot, Fraulein451, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theoos- mond, BlackGator and Anonymous: 42 • The Celestial Toymaker Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Celestial_Toymaker?oldid=696206875 Contributors: JonathanDP81, Chrism, Timrollpickering, DaveJB, MisfitToys, Khaosworks, Hutschi, Rich Farmbrough, JoeSmack, 23skidoo, Grutness, Proteus71, Don- Quixote, Tony Sidaway, Drat, Dopefish, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Kevinwparker, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, SargeAbernathy, Str1977, Iain k, Peter Grey, Sceptre, Seryass, Kyorosuke, NP Chilla, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Thelb4, Whouk, The Yeti, SmackBot, Toughpigs, MisterHand, RolandR, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Dl2000, Aderack, Freddie R. Aldous, Cydebot, Black- metalbaz, Yukichigai, Yettie0711, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, Aruffo, J Greb, Acroterion, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Mar- tinSFSA, Manbemel, Etron81, Random Passer-by, VolkovBot, Refsworldlee, StuartDD, Victory93, Rlendog, Paul 1978, Mel thomasuk, Bingobangobongoboo, Boleyn, Vodkamad, Blethering Scot, Lost on Belmont, Tassedethe, Yobot, AnomieBOT, 1exec1, LilHelpa, Tues- daily, FrescoBot, TVArchivistUK, Stolengood, Redrose64, Full-date unlinking bot, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Brandov, ZéroBot, H3llBot, Wikidude10000, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Smartie2thaMaxXx, Noreplyhaha, Whoop whoop pull up, Johnu175, Rhain1999, Monkbot, Theoosmond, BlackGator, Condodetainee77 and Anonymous: 41 • The Gunfighters Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gunfighters?oldid=696206881 Contributors: Fubar Obfusco, Tedernst, JonathanDP81, Timrollpickering, Angmering, Btphelps, MisfitToys, Khaosworks, JenFanOtto, SoM, Rich Farmbrough, Wrp103, Ben- der235, 23skidoo, Proteus71, Ashley Pomeroy, Binabik80, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, DavidFarmbrough, Marudubshinki, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, NekoDaemon, Wars, Iain k, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, GusF, RadioKirk, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Whouk, SmackBot, Yamaguchi, Cuddlyopedia, Jm307, MisterHand, TheYoungDoctor, Salamurai, John, Peace Inside, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Dl2000, Iridescent, Aderack, DangerousPanda, CzechOut, Cydebot, Davhorn, Yet- tie0711, Davidhorman, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, J Greb, Fluffy the Cotton Fish, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Rapierguy, MartinSFSA, Manbemel, Etron81, VolkovBot, TreasuryTag, Rlendog, WereSpielChequers, Struway2, Lost on Belmont, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, 101090ABC, Philip Ayres, Bocaj12, Tuesdaily, FrescoBot, Redrose64, SherryAuthor, Tbhotch, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, MarcusBritish, Babelcolour5, YFdyh-bot, Monkbot, Theoosmond and Anonymous: 48 • The Savages (Doctor Who) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Savages_(Doctor_Who)?oldid=696206885 Contributors: JonathanDP81, Timrollpickering, MisfitToys, Khaosworks, Rich Farmbrough, 23skidoo, Grutness, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, Doctor- Who42, Whitehorse1, Bluemoose, Rjwilmsi, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, Vegaswikian, MarnetteD, SargeAbernathy, Iain k, Scep- tre, Mollsmolyneux, Seryass, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Ben King, SmackBot, MalafayaBot, MisterHand, Konczewski, John, Chris 42, The Tramp, Ckatz, Berks105, OZOO, Aderack, CzechOut, Yukichigai, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, J Greb, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, MetsBot, Enpitsu, Manbemel, Etron81, Rlendog, Paul 1978, Struway2, Xanderphillips, ImageRemovalBot, Ottre, Blaine Coughlan, Geofgibson, Lost on Belmont, Pie'n'gravy, Yobot, FrescoBot, Redrose64, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, ZéroBot, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Noreplyhaha, Whoop whoop pull up, Zenasdude, Monkbot, Beryl reid fan, Theoosmond and Anonymous: 24 • The War Machines Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_War_Machines?oldid=696206400 Contributors: Bryan Derksen, Zannah, Lee M, JonathanDP81, Chrism, RedWolf, Merovingian, Rholton, Timrollpickering, Sheridan, Angmering, Beardo, Mboverload, Tangerine Cossack, DaveJB, Khaosworks, Hammersfan, SoM, Rich Farmbrough, 23skidoo, Proteus71, BRW, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, Dopefish, PaulHammond, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Rjwilmsi, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Chingwakabungya, Iain k, Scep- tre, Mollsmolyneux, Seryass, GusF, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Cloudbound, Ben King, SmackBot, JPH-FM, Cuddlyope- dia, Chris the speller, MisterHand, ChrisTheDude, Konczewski, John, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Dl2000, Aderack, CmdrObot, Cydebot, Charles RB, Davhorn, Skiprat101, Garywheron, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, Benriggers, J Greb, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Manbemel, Etron81, VolkovBot, WOSlinker, StuartDD, Kepiblanc, Rlendog, DrMobius, Struway2, Death9, Boleyn, Billyhartnell, Lost on Belmont, Lightbot, MileyDavidA, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, Daniel Benfield, LilHelpa, Tuesdaily, Sjcaustenite, FreeKnowledgeCre- ator, FrescoBot, Redrose64, Fred the happy man, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, John of Reading, ZéroBot, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, 98 CHAPTER 7. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Drwhofan11, Whoop whoop pull up, Swimmer12345678910, Helpful Pixie Bot, Zenasdude, ScavengerInHumanForm, Kingﬁshertom, ChrisGualtieri, CissyJA, Monkbot, Theoosmond, BlackGator and Anonymous: 59

• The Smugglers Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Smugglers?oldid=696206891 Contributors: JonathanDP81, BillyH, DaveJB, Xinit, MisﬁtToys, Khaosworks, Kuralyov, Hammersfan, Rich Farmbrough, RoyBoy, 23skidoo, Grutness, Proteus71, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, DavidFarmbrough, Tim!, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, SargeAbernathy, Iain k, Scep- tre, Mollsmolyneux, Tehr, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Alan-WK, Nikkimaria, SmackBot, Cuddlyopedia, Skaltavista, John, Chris 42, The Tramp, Ckatz, Boomshadow, OZOO, Bwalko, Dl2000, Iridescent, Aderack, Cydebot, Yukichigai, Yettie0711, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, J Greb, Fluﬀy the Cotton Fish, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, Uncle Dick, Manbemel, Etron81, Iivishnevetsky, VolkovBot, Tbrittreid, Meadow68, Rlendog, Aspects, ImageRemovalBot, RobinHood70, ClueBot, Blaine Coughlan, Stanley Accrington, Pie'n'gravy, Yobot, Godianus the Finder, Xqbot, Tuesdaily, FrescoBot, Redrose64, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Whoop whoop pull up, ScottRomanowski, Mogism, Monkbot, Theoosmond, BlackGator and Anonymous: 32

• The Tenth Planet Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tenth_Planet?oldid=696206537 Contributors: Paul Benjamin Austin, Aho- erstemeier, JonathanDP81, Chrism, Timrollpickering, Angmering, BillyH, DaveJB, Khaosworks, Kuralyov, Hammersfan, Parmadil, Rich Farmbrough, Daydream believer2, 23skidoo, Grutness, Proteus71, Seancdaug, Nwhyte, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, NickBarlow, Paul- Hammond, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, Percy Snoodle, Azathar, ThomasHarte, DavidFarmbrough, Kakashi-sensei, Graham87, Rjwilmsi, Tim!, Nightscream, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Ravenswood, SargeAbernathy, Brendan Moody, DVdm, Sceptre, Hairy Dude, GusF, Kyorosuke, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Lexicon, Litefoot, TransUtopian, Alan-WK, Ben King, Thelb4, Serendipodous, Codu, SmackBot, Siradia, Gilliam, Wilybadger, Gildir, John, Sabalon, Chris 42, Ckatz, RandomCritic, OZOO, Achorn316, TPIRFanSteve, Dl2000, Richard75, Aderack, BruceGrubb, JForget, Cydebot, Yukichigai, Yettie0711, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, J.J. Popplewick, Cybermen 4ever, Benriggers, Queen of Swords, Michig, Sherlockspock, J Greb, Magioladitis, MarkR06, JoeFinegold, GavSalkeld, Ray Ellis, Bruin69, Dr.Who, MartinSFSA, Manbemel, Queener., Etron81, Inwind, VolkovBot, A wikipedia member with an awful username, StuartDD, Rlendog, Aspects, ImageRemovalBot, ClueBot, Samhed, Kelvin 101, DoctorWho40, Lost on Belmont, Tassedethe, Jemsmi, Aliyoda, NeoBatfreak, Yobot, Granpuff, 2D, Godianus the Finder, Carteeg Struve, 1exec1, Catpedantic~enwiki, Pet Gaw, Philip Ayres, LilHelpa, Tuesdaily, The Rogue Leader, Silurian25, Fotaun, SpaceDJ3, FrescoBot, Kuliwil, Redrose64, BigBlueBox, Fred the happy man, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, EmausBot, GoingBatty, Yeepsi, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Whoop whoop pull up, BodOffDaTele, Rhain1999, Jenova20, TARDIS2468, Wizard of Woz, , Justincheng12345-bot, Donald van der Maaten, Doctorwhoworldwide, Mo- gism, Danieltinson, Ranze, ZarhanFastfire, Andrew Walmsley, Charlie95148, Monkbot, Theoosmond, ProfessorPlex, BlackGator and Anonymous: 131

• The Three Doctors (Doctor Who) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Doctors_(Doctor_Who)?oldid=696205399 Contrib- utors: SimonP, Kchishol1970, Michael Hardy, Paul Benjamin Austin, Paul A, Zannah, Charles Matthews, Morwen, JonathanDP81, BillyH, Khaosworks, Hammersfan, Deadlock, Rich Farmbrough, Daydream believer2, 23skidoo, Pikawil, Googuse, Marwood, Proteus71, Don- Quixote, Tony Sidaway, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, GraemeLeggett, Rjwilmsi, Tim!, Koavf, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Sceptre, Nettyboo, GusF, Kyorosuke, Ritchy, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Litefoot, Larry laptop, Alan-WK, Theprosperonight, EJSawyer, SmackBot, Ian Rose, MalafayaBot, Will2710, Kendrick7, Chris 42, Ckatz, Comicist, OZOO, Peyre, Aderack, CmdrObot, Cydebot, Crankymommy, AntiVandalBot, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, U-Mos, Whoisardwen, Benriggers, Queen of Swords, Sophie means wisdom, J Greb, Magioladitis, MarkR06, Lizzysama, Type 40, Ray Ellis, MartinSFSA, Manbemel, Etron81, MOTORAL1987, Aymatth2, Retiono Virginian, Digby Tantrum, A wikipedia member with an awful username, Tbrittreid, StuartDD, Victory93, Eaomatrix, Kitsunegami, Lord Charles, HillbillyProfane, OmahaStar, Arjayay, Scog, Popplewick, Ronhjones, Mehdioa, MileyDavidA, Yobot, 2D, Tsuguya, FrescoBot, Redrose64, Spudgfsh, Im903yearsold, Mr. Anon515, Finister2, ZéroBot, H3llBot, Glimmer721, SporkBot, Hyliad, Helpful Pixie Bot, Flax5, Loriendrew, DNAisdeath, Mogism, Tommatkencaz, Whisperman1, Siluridevil, JohnSmith5000100, Monkbot, Theexploringgamer, Theoosmond, Pointy78 and Anonymous: 63

• The Five Doctors Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Five_Doctors?oldid=696206394 Contributors: Ubiquity, Ken Arromdee, Paul Benjamin Austin, Zannah, JonathanDP81, Joy, Chrism, Timrollpickering, JamesMLane, Angmering, BillyH, Khaosworks, Kuralyov, Hammersfan, Histrion, SoM, Rich Farmbrough, Ahkond, Moochocoogle, 23skidoo, Pikawil, CNash, The Brain of Morbius, Proteus71, Seancdaug, Captain Seafort, DonQuixote, Tony Sidaway, Iustinus, Woohookitty, DoctorWho42, Whitehorse1, ThomasHarte, DavidFarm- brough, GraemeLeggett, Rjwilmsi, Tim!, Rogerd, DeadlyAssassin, Josiah Rowe, MarnetteD, Ian Pitchford, OpenToppedBus, Bjwebb, Jawr256, Sceptre, Mollsmolyneux, Seryass, HowardBerry, Nettyboo, GusF, Stephenb, Kyorosuke, RadioKirk, Yallery Brown, Grafen, NP Chilla, Brian Olsen, Thiseye, CecilWard, Litefoot, MrLefty, Alan-WK, Theprosperonight, Ben King, Thelb4, SmackBot, Mikecraig, Dangelo82, Dyslexic agnostic, Chris the speller, Emurphy42, GoodDay, Dave-ros, Kendrick7, BrotherFlounder, Ohconfucius, UpDown, Chris 42, Ckatz, OZOO, Peyre, The Drainpipe, Sir Rhosis, Masem, Deej30, Aderack, DLLHell, Mattbr, W guice, Hemlock Martinis, Cy- debot, Road Wizard, Adamsappleturnover, Blackmetalbaz, Ttenchantr, Davhorn, DumbBOT, Gazzster, Digiﬁend, Davidhorman, Gioto, Wolf of Fenric, Edokter, Aruﬀo, U-Mos, Michig, Antreid, The Iceman2288, Sherlockspock, J Greb, Magioladitis, Deposuit, Charlyz, MarkR06, Type 40, Nick Cooper, J.delanoy, Dr.Who, Uncle Dick, Edgrainger, Cumbersnatch, Etron81, Inwind, Random Passer-by, Black Kite, VolkovBot, TreasuryTag, John Darrow, Crazysnailboy, Dmforcier, Magnius, The Valeyard, Digby Tantrum, Tbrittreid, Stu- artDD, Goku1st, Flyer22 Reborn, Davidbanuelos, Tom191, Fuddle, Ratemonth, ClueBot, DoctorHell, Jonedney, Mezigue, Niceguyedc, Mr. Laser Beam, Hystrix, Maccy69, Jon Jonasson, Excirial, Wahroongahadventist2077, NuclearWarfare, DoctorWho40, Vivaone, Vodka- mad, X24actor, TutterMouse, Lost on Belmont, Download, Tassedethe, Luckas-bot, MileyDavidA, Yobot, 2D, AnomieBOT, Ulric1313, Danno uk, Citation bot, FrescoBot, CoolRod41, Cigarttes, Redrose64, Full-date unlinking bot, K-Kobus-K, Panel Guy, Marker10, Mean as custard, Spudgfsh, John of Reading, Immunize, Dewritech, Finister2, BionicMK, AlexanderJBateman, H3llBot, Wikidude10000, Glim- mer721, SporkBot, Whoop whoop pull up, Rhain1999, Bazuz, TARDIS2468, Alphacatmarnie, MATTY0MOO, D0ct0r76, Lowercase sigmabot, ScavengerInHumanForm, Flax5, ProgVal, JJRWilkinson, Testsignal, BattyBot, Bluecameron, GoShow, DNAisdeath, Spray787, Goodsmudge, Bowdenford, Transphasic, Maxcardun, Monkbot, Theoosmond, AlexTheWhovian, Partuy, Iltu Mausbiber, Gothaparduske- rialldrapolatkh and Anonymous: 188

• The Sorcerer’s Apprentice (novel) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sorcerer’{}s_Apprentice_(Doctor_Who_novel)?oldid= 696233117 Contributors: Khaosworks, DoctorWho42, GregorB, Tim!, SmackBot, Chris the speller, NoJoy, Droll, John, Ebyabe, Rob- sinden, J Greb, Magioladitis, Victory93, Yobot, Too Orangey For Crows, In ictu oculi, SporkBot, Flax5, BattyBot, SavageEditor and Anonymous: 4 7.2. IMAGES 99

7.2 Images

• File:5_Doctors_DVD_original_cvr.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3a/5_Doctors_DVD_original_cvr.png Li- cense: Fair use Contributors: Scan of original cover. Original artist: ? • File:Ambox_important.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, based off of Image:Ambox scales.svg Original artist: Dsmurat (talk · contribs) • File:Ark_(Doctor_Who).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/16/Ark_%28Doctor_Who%29.jpg License: Fair use Contributors: This is a screenshot taken from an optical disc, television broadcast, web page, computer software or streaming media broadcast. Copyright holder: BBC Original artist: ? • File:Aztecs_(Doctor_Who).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e5/Aztecs_%28Doctor_Who%29.jpg License: Fair use Contributors: Screen capture from the Doctor Who episode “The Aztecs” (original air date 23 May – 13 June 1964). Original artist: ? • File:Captured_by_the_Animus.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2a/Captured_by_the_Animus.jpg License: Fair use Contributors: This is a screenshot taken from an optical disc, television broadcast, web page, computer software or streaming media broadcast. Copyright holder: BBC Original artist: ? • File:Caroleanneford86.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Caroleanneford86.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Sreejithk2000 using CommonsHelper. Original artist: Dopefish at English Wikipedia • File:Celestial_Toymaker.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e1/Celestial_Toymaker.jpg License: Fair use Con- tributors: This is a screenshot taken from an optical disc, television broadcast, web page, computer software or streaming media broadcast. Copyright holder: BBC Original artist: ? • File:Chase_(Doctor_Who).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/70/Chase_%28Doctor_Who%29.jpg License: Fair use Contributors: http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/gallery/dalek/01chase.shtml Original artist: ? • File:Crusades_(Doctor_Who).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/29/Crusades_%28Doctor_Who%29.jpg Li- cense: Fair use Contributors: This is a screenshot taken from an optical disc, television broadcast, web page, computer software or streaming media broadcast. Copyright holder: BBC Original artist: ? • File:Dalek_Invasion_BBC_DVD_cvr.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/45/Dalek_Invasion_BBC_DVD_cvr. jpg License: Fair use Contributors: It is believed that the cover art can or could be obtained from the publisher or studio. Original artist: ? • File:Dalek_Invasion_of_Earth.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0e/Dalek_Invasion_of_Earth.jpg License: Fair use Contributors: This is a screenshot taken from an optical disc, television broadcast, web page, computer software or streaming media broadcast. Copyright holder: BBC Original artist: ? • File:Daleks.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ab/Daleks.jpg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Daleks_(audio).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/36/Daleks_%28audio%29.jpg License: Fair use Contribu- tors: Cover Scan Original artist: ? • File:Daleks_Master_Plan.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/64/Daleks_Master_Plan.jpg License: ? Contribu- tors: This is a screenshot taken from an optical disc, television broadcast, web page, computer software or streaming media broadcast. Copyright holder: BBC Original artist: ? • File:Edge_of_Destruction.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2e/Edge_of_Destruction.jpg License: ? Contribu- tors: This image was capped by User:Wolf of Fenric (talk) from an episode of the Doctor Who serial The Edge of Destruction. Original artist: This image was capped by User:Wolf of Fenric (talk) from an episode of the Doctor Who serial The Edge of Destruction. • File:Edit-clear.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg License: Public domain Contributors: The Tango! Desktop Project. Original artist: The people from the Tango! project. And according to the meta-data in the file, specifically: “Andreas Nilsson, and Jakub Steiner (although minimally).” • File:Five_Doctors.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6a/Five_Doctors.jpg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rightleftright 100 CHAPTER 7. TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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