Síntesis De Evaluación De Los Sistemas Integrados De Transporte Masivo De Colombia

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Síntesis De Evaluación De Los Sistemas Integrados De Transporte Masivo De Colombia Síntesis de Evaluación de los Sistemas Integrados de Transporte Masivo de Colombia Producto 4. Conclusiones de la Síntesis de Evaluación ZIMA – Ingenio Colectivo SAS Diciembre 9 de 2014 Presentado a: Departamento Nacional de Planeación - DNP Página | 1 Tabla de contenido INTRODUCCIÓN 6 1 SÍNTESIS DE EVALUACIÓN CUALITATIVA 8 1.1 APLICACIÓN A LAS EVALUACIONES DE LOS SITM EN COLOMBIA 8 1.1.1 PREGUNTA A RESOLVER 9 1.1.2 RECOLECCIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN DISPONIBLE 10 1.1.3 SELECCIÓN DE ESTUDIOS Y EVALUACIONES RELEVANTES 11 1.1.4 DESARROLLO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA REVISIÓN CRÍTICA DE LAS EVALUACIONES 11 1.1.5 VALIDEZ DE LA SÍNTESIS DE EVALUACIÓN 12 1.1.6 REPORTE DE RESULTADOS 13 2 RECOMENDACIONES SOBRE INSTITUCIONALIDAD Y MONITOREO A LA INFRAESTRUCTURA Y OPERACIÓN 14 3 RECOMENDACIONES PARA LAS EVALUACIONES ECONÓMICAS 22 3.1 APLICACIÓN Y PERTINENCIA DE LA EVALUACIÓN ECONÓMICA 22 3.2 COSTOS 24 3.2.1 PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA BANCO MUNDIAL 24 3.2.2 RESULTADOS EVALUACIONES 25 3.2.3 RECOMENDACIONES 29 3.3 BENEFICIOS 30 3.3.1 BENEFICIOS ASOCIADOS AL TIEMPO DE VIAJE 32 3.3.2 BENEFICIOS ASOCIADOS A LA OPERACIÓN DE BUSES 37 3.3.3 ACCIDENTALIDAD 39 3.3.4 CONTAMINACIÓN 42 3.3.5 OTROS BENEFICIOS 45 4 ANÁLISIS URBANÍSTICO DE LOS SITM 47 4.1 INTEGRACIÓN ENTRE USOS DEL SUELO Y LOS SITM 47 4.2 CAMBIOS EN USOS Y VALOR DEL SUELO 48 4.2.1 CAPTURA DE VALOR 51 4.3 INTEGRACIÓN CIUDAD REGIÓN 57 5 RECOMENDACIONES SOBRE ENCUESTAS DE PERCEPCIÓN 61 5.1 RECOMENDACIONES DE IMPLEMENTACIÓN 62 5.1.1 TAMAÑO DE LA MUESTRA E IDENTIFICACIÓN DE PUNTOS PARA REALIZAR LAS ENCUESTAS 63 5.2 PROPUESTA DE INSTRUMENTO PARA LAS ENCUESTAS DE PERCEPCIÓN 64 5.2.1 ENCUESTA USUARIOS 66 5.2.2 ENCUESTA NO USUARIOS 71 Página | 2 6 CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES DE POLÍTICA PÚBLICA 77 6.1 SOBRE LA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE TRANSPORTE URBANO MASIVO 77 6.2 SOBRE LA PERTINENCIA DE LA APLICACIÓN DE LA METODOLOGÍA DE SÍNTESIS DE EVALUACIÓN 79 6.3 SOBRE LAS EVALUACIONES ECONÓMICAS EX POST 79 6.4 SOBRE LA NORMATIVIDAD Y ANÁLISIS URBANÍSTICOS 80 6.5 SOBRE LAS EVALUACIONES DE PERCEPCIÓN 81 6.6 SOBRE LA REPLICABILIDAD PARA LOS SETP 83 TRABAJOS CITADOS 85 ANEXO 1. INDICADORES SISETU 89 Página | 3 Índice de figuras FIGURA 1 PASOS PARA UNA SÍNTESIS DE EVALUACIÓN ............................................................................................................... 8 FIGURA 2 PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS COSTOS – TRANSMILENIO ..................................................................................................... 27 FIGURA 3 PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS COSTOS – MEGABÚS ............................................................................................................ 27 FIGURA 4 PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS COSTOS – MIO ................................................................................................................... 28 FIGURA 5 PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS COSTOS – METROLÍNEA ........................................................................................................ 28 FIGURA 6 PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS COSTOS – TRANSMETRO ....................................................................................................... 29 FIGURA 7 PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS BENEFICIOS ASOCIADOS AL TIEMPO DE VIAJE .............................................................................. 35 FIGURA 8 PARTICIPACIÓN DEL BENEFICIO ASOCIADO AL COSTO DE OPERACIÓN DE VEHÍCULOS DE TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO ........................ 38 FIGURA 9 PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS BENEFICIOS ASOCIADOS A LA ACCIDENTALIDAD ........................................................................... 40 FIGURA 10 PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS BENEFICIOS ASOCIADOS AL AMBIENTE ..................................................................................... 44 Página | 4 Índice de tablas TABLA 1 PRODUCTOS DE LA SÍNTESIS DE EVALUACIÓN................................................................................................................ 6 TABLA 2 PROPUESTA BATERÍA DE INDICADORES DE INFRAESTRUCTURA Y OPERACIÓN ...................................................................... 21 TABLA 3 COSTOS PÚBLICOS Y PRIVADOS SEGÚN BANCO MUNDIAL ............................................................................................. 24 TABLA 4 ÍNDICES DE PRECIO SOMBRA METODOLOGÍA DEL BANCO MUNDIAL ................................................................................. 25 TABLA 5 COSTOS INCLUIDOS EN LAS EVALUACIONES DE LOS SITM ............................................................................................. 26 TABLA 6 RELACIÓN DE COSTOS PARA EVALUACIONES ............................................................................................................... 29 TABLA 7 BENEFICIOS SOCIOECONÓMICOS SEGÚN METODOLOGÍA DEL BANCO MUNDIAL ................................................................. 31 TABLA 8 VALOR DEL TIEMPO DE VIAJE EN LAS EVALUACIONES ..................................................................................................... 33 TABLA 9 BENEFICIOS ASOCIADOS AL TIEMPO DE VIAJE INCLUIDOS EN LAS EVALUACIONES ................................................................. 33 TABLA 10 COSTOS DE OPERACIÓN POR KILÓMETRO EMPLEADOS EN LAS EVALUACIONES .................................................................. 37 TABLA 11 VALOR ECONÓMICO DE LA VIDA, ACCIDENTE CON HERIDO Y CHOQUE EMPLEADOS EN LAS EVALUACIONES ............................. 39 TABLA 12 COSTOS HUMANOS EN ACCIDENTES CON HERIDO Y CON MUERTO ................................................................................. 42 TABLA 13 VALOR DE LA TONELADA DE CO2 Y DE IMPACTOS EN SALUD ........................................................................................ 43 TABLA 14 INTEGRACIÓN ENTRE USOS DEL SUELO Y LOS SITM .................................................................................................... 48 TABLA 15 PROPUESTA DE BATERÍA DE INDICADORES DE EFECTOS DE LOS SITM EN EL TERRITORIO ..................................................... 51 TABLA 16 INSTRUMENTOS DE CAPTURA DE VALOR .................................................................................................................. 55 TABLA 17 INDICADORES CIUDAD REGIÓN - SITM ................................................................................................................... 58 TABLA 18 BATERÍA DE INDICADORES PARA EL INSTRUMENTO DE PERCEPCIÓN DE USUARIOS Y NO USUARIOS ........................................ 65 Página | 5 Introducción Desde el año 2009, la Dirección de Seguimiento y Evaluación de Políticas Públicas (DSEPP), del Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP), ha venido contratando las evaluaciones de los Sistemas Integrados de Transporte Masivo – SITM del País con el ánimo de cuantificar los beneficios, costos e impactos generados por la implementación de estos sistemas en las ciudades o áreas metropolitanas con poblaciones de más de 600 mil habitantes. A 2014, el DNP ha adelantado la evaluación de TransMilenio (2009), Megabús (2010), MIO (2011), Metrolínea (2012) y Transmetro (2012), en las que se caracterizan los sistemas en su infraestructura, operación, usuarios y no usuarios; se efectúa un análisis beneficio costo de acuerdo con la metodología desarrollada por el Banco Mundial (BM) y se estudian sus efectos urbanísticos1. Tomando como base los productos de las cinco evaluaciones anteriormente mencionadas, la DSEPP contrató la elaboración de la Síntesis de Evaluación de los Sistemas Integrados de Transporte Masivo de Colombia, que busca analizar de manera consolidada los aspectos estudiados en las evaluaciones, identificar necesidades de información requerida para el desarrollo de las evaluaciones de los SITM, generar lineamientos para la caracterización de usuarios y no usuarios de los SITM, presentar una propuesta de batería de indicadores para el seguimiento de los SITM, proponer mejoras a la metodología de las evaluaciones y plantear recomendaciones para la política pública nacional de transporte urbano de pasajeros a las evaluaciones. Para el desarrollo de esta Síntesis de Evaluación se ha propuesto la elaboración de cuatro productos, tal y como se relacionan en la tabla a continuación. Producto Contenido 1 Análisis consolidado de Infraestructura, operación, institucional y financiero de los SITM 2 Análisis consolidado de resultados de la evaluación socioeconómica y de la caracterización de usuarios y no usuarios de los SITM 3 Análisis consolidado de los resultados urbanísticos de los SITM 4 Síntesis de la evaluación cualitativa y recomendaciones para establecer las bases metodológicas evaluativas Tabla 1 Productos de la Síntesis de Evaluación Este cuarto producto contiene seis capítulos, el primero resume las metodologías de Síntesis de evaluación y expone la metodología empleada para este ejercicio, el segundo capítulo presenta recomendaciones respecto a la institucionalidad y monitoreo de los SITM a partir de lo expuesto en el primer producto de la Síntesis de Evaluación, el tercer capítulo contiene recomendaciones y conclusiones sobre la evaluación socioeconómica, el cuarto capítulo exhibe las principales conclusiones sobre los aspectos urbanísticos y recomendaciones sobre la generación y aplicación de mecanismos de 1 En el caso específico de la evaluación de TransMilenio, la evaluación no contempló el componente de percepción de usuarios y no usuarios ni el urbanístico, componentes desarrollados en las demás evaluaciones. Página | 6 captura de valor, el quinto capítulo propone instrumentos de percepción de usuarios y no usuarios de los SITM así como los indicadores que se obtiene de ellos y algunas
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