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Marine Rotifers from the Northern Adriatic Sea, with Description of Lecane Insulaconae Sp

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Marine Rotifers from the Northern Adriatic Sea, with Description of Lecane Insulaconae Sp Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2008, 88(2), 253–258. #2008 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom doi:10.1017/S0025315408000544 Printed in the United Kingdom Marine rotifers from the Northern Adriatic Sea, with description of Lecane insulaconae sp. nov. (Rotifera: Monogononta: Lecanidae) diego fontaneto1,2, hendrik segers3 and giulio melone1 1Universita` degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Biologia, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, 2Imperial College London, Division of Biology, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK, 3Belgian Biodiversity Platform, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29 B-1000 Brussels, Belgium During a survey of the marine rotifers of the Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy, we found a total of 20 taxa, including a new species of Lecane. This novelty, Lecane insulaconae sp. nov., occurred in the interstitial area of sandy sediment in the outlet of the Isonzo River, at a salinity of 30‰ and is therefore the first exclusively marine representative of this diverse (~200 species) genus. It is characterized by unique sets of anterolateral projections on the ventral and dorsal lorica. Here, we present the description of the species, together with scanning electron microscopy pictures of trophi of this and some other species, and an account of the marine rotifers encountered during the survey. Keywords: faunistic survey, Italy, marine meiofauna, Mediterranean Sea Submitted 10 March 2007; accepted 29 November 2007 INTRODUCTION directly collected with plastic bottles of 250 ml capacity. Samples were immediately brought to the laboratory located While the European Register of Marine Species (ERMS) at the Foce dell’Isonzo Natural Park at Isola della Cona, project compiled a list of marine species in Europe, it Staranzano, GO, Northern Italy. quickly became obvious that our knowledge of the fauna of Living animals were extracted under a dissecting micro- the European seas remains patchy. This is particularly so scope while samples were washed with filtered saltwater for some groups of small animals, such as Rotifera (Costello collected directly in the field. Specimens for identification et al., 2006). A recent detailed analysis of literature data were fixed in ethanol, anaesthetizing them with a 0.5% on the global distribution of rotifers in the sea confirmed marcaine solution when appropriate. Permanent glycerine this suggestion (Fontaneto et al., 2006), and pointed out a slide mounts were prepared for all species and Giulio strange inconsistency between the number of faunistic Melone at the University of Milan kept stubs with trophi studies and species richness from different European areas: prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) obser- more than 100 taxa are listed in only five studies on vation. Trophi were prepared for SEM by sequentially dis- the Black Sea, yet the 25 studies on the Mediterranean solving tissues in 5% NaOCl solution on a circular cover only reported 90 rotifer taxa. The aim of this study is to slip, and rinsing with distilled water (Segers, 1993; De address this inconsistency by sampling an area in the Smet, 1998). Mediterranean. We selected the Northern Adriatic, as it is illustrative for the RESULTS paradox: it is one of the most studied areas in all the Mediterranean, with extensive studies of diverse habitats, yet We obtained 47 samples from plankton, periphyton on only 32 rotifer species belonging to 14 genera are recorded rocks, sandy bottom, algae and gravel littoral, at depths (Pasquali, 1940; Wulfert, 1942; Rubino et al., 2000). ranging from 0.2 m to 38 m. We obtained rotifers from 31 of these samples. A total of 545 specimens belonging to 20 taxa were found (Table 1), 12 of these have not been recorded from the region before. Species richness varied from 1 to 7, MATERIALS AND METHODS and abundance of individuals varied from 1 to 85 per sample. Two of the samples contained specimens of a hitherto Samples were collected from 28 June to 6 July 2006 in the unnamed species, which we describe here. In addition, we Northern Adriatic (Table 1). Plankton samples were collected illustrate some other species recorded by SEM pictures of using a plankton net with 50 mm mesh; other samples were their trophi (Figure 1). Corresponding author: Subclass MONOGONONTA D. Fontaneto Order PLOIMA Email: [email protected] Family LECANIDAE Bartosˇ, 1959 253 254 diego fontaneto Table 1. Number of individuals of species of rotifers collected during the survey in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Ã: new to the Northern Adriatic; unidentified species reported as genus sp. refer to unrecognized species, but not to those already known in the area). Ã Þ Ã 1912 Þ ; 1834 1902 à ; ; à 1831 1907 à 1830 ; et al Þ 1936 ; ; 1918 ; 1902 Lucks 1929 ; à ; ; : 1887 1942 1913 ; ; ; . Rousselet nov Myers : Ehrenberg ð Weber sp Ehrenberg Gosse Ehrenberg Remane ð Rousselet Murray à Wulfert : ð à deBeauchamp : à : sp sp sp Þ Ã Ã Ã : Þ : : % ð m sp sp sp ð Colurella dicentra Encentrum Colurella colurus compressa Synchaeta neapolitana Depth Proales Colurella adriatica Colurella colurus Eosphora ehrenbergi Lecane Lecane grandis Lecane insulaconae Lindia Pleurotrocha atlantica Proales halophila Proales similis Rotaria laticeps Synchaeta vorax Testudinella elliptica Testudinella Sample ID Locality Habitat Salinity Date North East Cephalodella F22 Canale Averto sandy 23 0.3 2 July 2006 458 420 2500 138 280 5900 3 4 62216 28 detritus F23 Canale Averto plankton 23 0.3 2 July 2006 458 420 2500 138 280 5900 51 F24 Canale Averto plankton 23 0.3 2 July 2006 458 430 600 138 280 2900 33 F4 Canale plankton 22 0.3 28 June 2006 458 450 3400 138 290 5000 16 5 Quarantia F5 Canale periphyton 22 0.3 28 June 2006 458 450 3400 138 290 5000 12 7 Quarantia on rocks F11 Canale periphyton 22 0.5 30 June 2006 458 450 3400 138 290 5000 72 Quarantia on rocks F30 Canale periphyton 22 0.5 4 July 2006 458 450 3400 138 290 5000 11 Quarantia on rocks F31 Canale periphyton 22 0.3 4 July 2006 458 450 3400 138 290 5000 16 Quarantia on rocks F9 Caneo plankton 18 0.3 29 June 2006 458 430 3700 138 320 2400 1 F20 Duino, periphyton NA 0.3 1 July 2006 458 460 3300 138 350 1400 14 3 3 Villaggio on rocks del Pescatore F28 Isola della periphyton 36 0.2 3 July 2006 458 440 3800 138 300 5500 25 Cona on sand F34 Isola della periphyton 34 0.2 4 July 2006 458 440 1400 138 310 2100 8 Cona on sand F35 Isola della periphyton 34 0.3 4 July 2006 458 440 1400 138 310 2100 1 Cona on sand F17 Isonzo Delta sand 30 2.0 30 June 2006 458 430 2300 138 330 3600 12 1 F18 Isonzo Delta sand 30 0.5 30 June 2006 458 430 2300 138 330 3600 20 2 F27 Cherso, muddy 36 38.0 2 July 2006 458 60 1000 148 160 4600 1 Croazia detritus F33 Cherso, sandy 36 5.0 2 July 2006 458 60 1000 148 160 4600 1 Croazia detritus F37 Cherso, gravel NA 0.0 2 July 2006 NA NA 1 Croazia littoral F13 Lido di sandy 34 0.2 30 June 2006 458 450 4700 138 310 2000 35 Staranzano detritus F10 Lignano sand 34 2.0 29 June 2006 458 410 600 138 80 4200 21 Sabbiadoro F14 Marina Julia periphyton 34 0.5 30 June 2006 458 450 1800 128 300 900 9 on rocks F43 Miramare, periphyton 36 1.0 5 July 2006 458 420 600 138 420 4000 20 1 Bagno on rocks Ducale F45 Miramare, sand 36 4.0 5 July 2006 458 420 600 138 420 4000 1 Bagno Ducale F40 Miramare, periphyton 36 0.2 5 July 2006 458 420 100 138 420 4400 3 Baietta on rocks delle Scuderie F44 Miramare, periphyton 36 0.1 5 July 2006 458 420 100 138 420 4400 580 Baietta on rocks delle Scuderie F15 Panzano plankton 34 0.3 30 June 2006 458 460 4300 138 320 2200 5 F2 Punta Barene sandy 30 0.5 28 June 2006 458 450 700 138 310 2100 2112 detritus F3 Punta Barene plankton 30 0.3 28 June 2006 458 450 700 138 310 2100 13 F25 Punta Barene sandy 30 0.5 3 July 2006 458 450 700 138 310 2100 62 92 detritus marine rotifers in northern adriatic 255 F46 Punta Barene sandy 30 0.5 6 July 2006 458 450 700 138 310 2100 35 5 1 16 detritus F47 Punta Barene plankton 30 0.5 6 July 2006 458 450 700 138 310 2100 46 256 diego fontaneto et al. Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy pictures of trophi of marine rotifer species collected during the survey in Northern Adriatic. (A&E) Lecane grandis, sample F22; (B&F) Pleurotrocha atlantica, sample F28; (C&G) Colurella colurus, sample F25; and (D&H) Proales similis, sample F22. (A–D) Ventral view. (E–H) Dorsal view. Scale bar ¼ 10 mm. Genus Lecane Nitzsch 1827 etymology Lecane insulaconae sp. nov. This species is named after its type locality, the beautiful (Figures 2A–B & 3A–C) Natural Park Isola della Cona. differential diagnosis type locality The new species is unmistakable by the presence of unique Open sea part of outlet of the Isonzo River, sandy bottom, bifid, anterolateral projections on the ventral lorica plate, -0.5 m, Foce dell’Isonzo Natural Park at Isola della Cona, and by a pair of series of smaller projections on the anterolat- Staranzano, GO, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Northern Italy, salinity eral parts of the dorsal lorica plate (Figure 2).
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