Development of a Miniaturized Passive Air Sampler to Characterize the Exposure of Emerging Contaminants in Birds

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Development of a Miniaturized Passive Air Sampler to Characterize the Exposure of Emerging Contaminants in Birds UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL DEVELOPMENT OF A MINIATURIZED PASSIVE AIR SAMPLER TO CHARACTERIZE THE EXPOSURE OF EMERGING CONTAMINANTS IN BIRDS MASTER THESIS PRESENTED AS A PARTIAL REQUIREMENT OF THE MASTER' S DEGREE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING BY ALI REZAEI NOVEMBER 2016 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU -522 - Rév.0?-2011 ). Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l'article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l 'auteur] concède à l'Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d'utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d'une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l 'auteur] autorise l'Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l'Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n'entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l'auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l 'auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont [il] possède un exemplaire. » UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL DÉVELOPPEMENT D'ÉCHANTILLONEURS D'AIR MINIATURISÉS ET EMBARQUÉS SUR DES OISEAUX POUR LA CARACTÉRISATION DE LEUR EXPOSITON À DES NOUVEAUX CONT AMINANTS MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DE LA MAÎTRISE EN GÉNIE ÉLECTRIQUE PAR ALIREZAEI NOVEMBRE 2016 REI'vŒRCIEI'vŒNTS Je ti ens à remercier mon directeur de recherche, Pr Ricard o Izquierd o, ainsi que mon codirecteur, Pr Jonathan Verreault pour leurs conseil s et leurs suggesti ons qui m 'ont été utiles durant tout mon mémoire. Je remercie aussi madame Manon sorais, Dr Sujittra Poorahong et monsieur Mojtaba M irzaei, Alexandre Robichaud, Dr Sujittra Poorahong, ainsi que les organi sati ons suivantes pour leurs soutiens : UQAM, CoFaMic, TOXEN , A VITOX, RESMIQ, la Chaire de recherche du Canada, et le Fond de recherche nature et technologies. F inalement, j e ti ens à remercier ma femme et ma mère, qui m 'ont soutenu tout au long de ce périple, du début à la fi n, des meill eurs moments aux plus difficil es. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..... ............ .. .................................................................................. ix LIST OF TABLES .... ................. .. ...... ............. ...... ..... ....... .. .. .... .. ........ .. .. ................... xiii RÉSUMÉ ...... ..... ... ... ... ....... .. ........ ........................... ......... ...... .............................. .. ..... xv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................... ................... xvii CHAPTERI INTRODUCTION ............................. ................... ................................ ... ........ .. ...... ..... 1 1.1 Project description .......................................... ... ... .. .. ....................... .................... 1 1.2 Passive and active air sam pi ers ............... .. ............. ..... .. .... ......................... .. ... .... 3 1.2. 1 Passive air sam piers .......... .... ........... ................................ .. ........................ 4 1.2.2 Active air sam piers ....................... ... ... .... ... ..................... .. ..... .. ... .. ... ....... ... 9 1.3 Probl ematic and objectives ........................... .. ........ ..... .. .... ...... ... .. .................... 11 1.6 Methodology ....... .. ................... ... ............. ............... .... .. ... .. .. ............................. 13 1.5 Thesis presentation ........... ................. .. .. .... ....................... .. .. ... .. ...... ................ :.l4 CHAPTER II PASSIVE AIR SAMPLER CONCEPT DESIGNS AND SIMULAT I ONS ..... ......... 17 2.1 Des ign 1 .............. .......................................... .. ........ .. .... .... .. ... .... ........ ............... 20 2.1. 1 Pattern 1 ..................................... ..... ......... ........ .. ...... ...... ......... .. ... ... .... ... .. 20 2.1.2 Design 1 siinulati on .. .. ...................................... ............ ............. ..... ......... 21 2.2 Des ign 2 .. .. ... ....... ............................ ...... .. ........ .. .... .... ............... .. ....................... 24 2.2. 1 Pattern 2 ..... ............................... .. ............... .. .. .. .. ........................ .............. 24 2.2.2 Design 2 simulation ................................................................................. 26 2.3 Design 3 .. .. ........................... .. .. ................. ........ .. .............................................. 29 2.3.1 Pattern 3 ................................... ............ .. .. ................... .. ........................... 29 2.3.2 Design 3 siin ul ati on .. ................................................................ .... .... ....... 31 2.4 Design 4 ................. ...................................... ..................................... ................ 33 vi 2.4.1 Pattern 4 ............. ... ............... .. ........................................................... .. ..... 33 2.4.2 Design 4 simulation ............... ......................... ......................................... 36 2.5 Design 5 ................................................................................................... ..... ..... 39 2.5.1 Pattern 5 .......... .. ....................... ..... ........ ....... .. ... ......... .. ............... ............. 39 2.5.1 .1 Pattern 5-1 ........ .. ........... ..... .. .. ....................................................... 39 2.5 .1 .2 Pattern 5-2 .. ... .......................... ............................... .. ........ ..... ...... .. 43 2.5.2 Design 5 Simulation ................... ............... .............................................. .45 2.6 Design 6 ................................... .. ..... ... ............................. ..... ........... ....... .. .......... 49 2.6.1 Pattern 6 ................................................................................................... 49 2.6.2 Design 6 sitnulation ................................................................................. 54 2.7 PAS comparison and selection .... .... .. ... .. .... .. ..................... ........ : ...................... 53 2.7.1 PASs's drag values .... .......... .. ................ ............... ...... .... ............... ...... ..... 58 2. 7.2 PASs comparison and selection procedure .............................................. 60 2.8 Resume .............................................................................................................. 64 CHAPTER III PASSIVE SAMPLER FABRICATION AND TESTING .. ........................................ 65 3.1 PAS fabrication .................. ........... .................................................................... 65 3.2 Adsorbents ......................................................................................................... 68 3 .2.1 Polyurethane foam ............ ....................................................................... 68 3.2.2 Glass fiber filter (GFF) ............................................................................ 70 3.2.3 Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ...... .. ................. .. ................. .................. ..70 3 .2.4 Graphene oxide ........................................................................................ 72 3.3 PAS onsite testing ...................................... .................. .... .............................. .. .. 72 3.4 Resume .............................................................................................................. 75 CHAPTERIV EMBEDDED ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ................................................ .-................... 77 4.1 Sensors and their uti lization .............. ....... ................ ........................ .................. 77 4.2 Airspeed measurement electronic circuit ........................................................... 83 4.3 PAS concept design (modified to embed the sensors) ....................................... 88 4.4 Simulation ............. ..... .. .. ................ ..................... ................................................ 92 vii 4.5 Sensor validation and calibration ....... ... ...................................... .. ..................... 96 Summary and discussion ........... ... .... ... ................................... .. ................................. 102 Conclu sion ... ..... .............. ................................................................................ .. ... ..... 105 References .................................................. .. .. .. .... ............ ........................... .............. 107 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 : Flame and non-fl a me retardant pa pers testing against fi re ......... 00 oo •oo··· oo ... 2 Figure 1.2 : Birds fl yin g around landfi ll and searching fo r food .................. ................ 3 Figure 1.3 : A usual passive air sampler schematic with one sample medium in sid e .. 5 Figure 1.4 : A usual passive air sampler schemati c with two sample mediums in side.
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