Innovation and Leapfrogging in the Chinese Automobile Industry: Examples from Geely, BYD and Shifeng Hua Wang, Chris Kimble
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Volvo Cars and Geely Auto to Deepen Collaboration
Volvo Cars and Geely Auto to Deepen Collaboration VOLVO CAR AB STOCK EXCHANGE RELEASE 24 FEBRUARY 2021 AT 14:30 CET Volvo Cars and Geely Auto have agreed on a wide-ranging collaboration that will maximise the strengths of the Swedish and Chinese automotive groups, delivering synergies in powertrains, sharing of electric vehicle architecture, joint procurement, autonomous drive technologies and aftersales. • Powertrain operations to be combined in new company focused on next-generation hybrid systems and internal combustion engines • Expanded use of shared modular architectures for electric vehicles (EVs) • Enhanced collaboration in autonomous and electric drive technologies • Joint procurement to cut purchasing costs • Lynk & Co to expand globally by utilising Volvo distribution and service network • Companies to retain independent corporate structures Following a detailed review of combination options, Volvo Cars and Geely Auto have concluded they can secure new growth opportunities in their respective markets and meet evolving industry challenges through deeper cooperation, while preserving their existing separate corporate structures. The deeper collaboration will enable existing stakeholders and potential new investors in Volvo Cars and Geely Auto to value their respective standalone strategies, performance, financial exposure and returns. We will also have the opportunity to explore capital market options. The collaboration will be overseen by a new governance model, supported by Geely Holding, the lead shareholder in both companies. Volvo Cars and Geely Auto confirmed the combination of their existing powertrain operations into a new standalone company. The company, expected to become operational this year, will provide internal combustion engines, transmissions, and next-generation dual-motor hybrid systems for use by both companies as well as other automobile manufacturers. -
Analysis of the Dynamic Relationship Between the Emergence Of
Annals of Business Administrative Science 8 (2009) 21–42 Online ISSN 1347-4456 Print ISSN 1347-4464 Available at www.gbrc.jp ©2009 Global Business Research Center Analysis of the Dynamic Relationship between the Emergence of Independent Chinese Automobile Manufacturers and International Technology Transfer in China’s Auto Industry Zejian LI Manufacturing Management Research Center Faculty of Economics, the University of Tokyo E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between the emergence of independent Chinese automobile manufacturers (ICAMs) and International Technology Transfer. Many scholars indicate that the use of outside supplies is the sole reason for the high-speed growth of ICAMs. However, it is necessary to outline the reasons and factors that might contribute to the process at the company-level. This paper is based on the organizational view. It examines and clarifies the internal dynamics of the ICAMs from a historical perspective. The paper explores the role that international technology transfer has played in the emergence of ICAMs. In conclusion, it is clear that due to direct or indirect spillover from joint ventures, ICAMs were able to autonomously construct the necessary core competitive abilities. Keywords: marketing, international business, multinational corporations (MNCs), technology transfer, Chinese automobile industry but progressive emergence of independent Chinese 1. Introduction automobile manufacturers (ICAMs). It will also The purpose of this study is to investigate -
Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Automobility in China Dr. Toni Marzotto
Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Automobility in China Dr. Toni Marzotto “The mountains are high and the emperor is far away.” (Chinese Proverb)1 Title: The Rise of China's Auto Industry: Automobility with Chinese Characteristics Curriculum Project: The project is part of an interdisciplinary course taught in the Political Science Department entitled: The Machine that Changed the World: Automobility in an Age of Scarcity. This course looks at the effects of mass motorization in the United States and compares it with other countries. I am teaching the course this fall; my syllabus contains a section on Chinese Innovations and other global issues. This project will be used to expand this section. Grade Level: Undergraduate students in any major. This course is part of Towson University’s new Core Curriculum approved in 2011. My focus in this course is getting students to consider how automobiles foster the development of a built environment that comes to affect all aspects of life whether in the U.S., China or any country with a car culture. How much of our life is influenced by the automobile? We are what we drive! Objectives and Student Outcomes: My objective in teaching this interdisciplinary course is to provide students with an understanding of how the invention of the automobile in the 1890’s has come to dominate the world in which we live. Today an increasing number of individuals, across the globe, depend on the automobile for many activities. Although the United States was the first country to embrace mass motorization (there are more cars per 1000 inhabitants in the United States than in any other country in the world), other countries are catching up. -
Freedom to Move in a Personal, Sustainable and Safe Way
VOLVO CAR GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2020 Freedom to move in a personal, sustainable and safe way TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW 4 2020 Highlights 6 CEO Comment 8 Our Strenghts 10 The Volvo Car Group 12 Our Strategic Affiliates THE WORLD AROUND US 16 Consumer Trends 18 Technology Shift OUR STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 22 Our Purpose 24 Strategic Framework HOW WE CREATE VALUE 28 Our Stakeholders 30 Our People and Culture 32 Product Creation 38 Industrial Operations 42 Commercial Operations MANAGEMENT REPORT 47 Board of Directors Report 52 Enterprise Risk Management 55 Corporate Governance Report FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 60 Contents Financial Report 61 Consolidated Financial Statements 67 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 110 Parent Company Financial Statements 112 Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements 118 Auditor’s Report 120 Board of Directors 122 Executive Management Team Freedom to move SUSTAINABILITY INFORMATION 124 Sustainability Management and Governance 129 Performance 2020 PERSONAL SUSTAINABLE SAFE 139 Sustainability Scorecard 144 GRI Index Cars used to be the symbol for personal freedom. Owning a car meant that you had the We commit to developing We commit to the highest We commit to pioneering 146 TCFD Index means to be independently mobile – that you owned not just a vehicle, but choice as and building the most per- standard of sustainability the safest, most intelligent 147 Auditor's Limited Assurance Report on sonal solutions in mobility: in mobility to protect technology solutions in Sustainability well. Nothing of that has changed, but the world we live in has. The earth, our cities and to make life less compli- the world we share. -
5G NR Based C-V2X Safe, but May Require Significantly Enables Vehicles to Select Longer Maneuver Time Faster Yet Safe Path
ITU/SAE Workshop on "How communications will change vehicles and transport“: Communications for Automated Driving, including V2V Road to 5G and Autonomous Driving Jim Misener Senior Director, Technical Standards Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. #1 in telematics and connectivity, supplier to all major car OEMs Major automakers use Qualcomm Technologies Telematics Leading in premium next-gen infotainment design-wins for production vehicles Acura ● Audi ● BMW ● Buick ● BYD ● Cadillac starting 2019-2020 Chevrolet ● Chrysler ● Dodge ● Ford ● Geely ● Honda Infotainment Hyundai ● Infiniti ● Jaguar ● Jeep ● Kia ● Land Rover 14 Lexus ● Lincoln ● Mercedes ● Mini ● Nissan ● Opel automakers have selected Snapdragon for infotainment Porsche ● PSA ● Renault ● Rolls-Royce ● Smart Subaru ● Toyota ● Tesla ● Volvo ● VW In-car connectivity $5B design-win pipeline Source: Company data 2 Qualcomm is driving C-V2X Qualcomm® towards commercialization 9150 C-V2X Supporting C-V2X Direct Communications Chipset (V2V, V2I, V2P) based on 3GPP Rel-14 Leveraging auto industry investments Reusing established security, service and upper layers/ITS stacks that have been defined by the auto industry for over a Qualcomm decade 9150 C-V2X Public automotive ecosystem support Audi, Ford, Groupe PSA, and SAIC announced their support of our first C -V2X solution; Continental and LG announced using our C -V2X solutions; testing with R&S Healthy cellular ecosystem C -V2X has key auto and telecom players, including multiple silicon vendors, creating a healthy C -V2X ecosystem 3 Qualcomm -
Mobile Leapfrogging and Digital Divide Policy Assessing the Limitations of Mobile Internet Access
New America Foundation Mobile Leapfrogging and Digital Divide Policy Assessing the limitations of mobile Internet access By Philip M. Napoli and Jonathan A. Obar1 April 2013 This paper examines the emerging global phenomenon of mobile leapfrogging in Internet access. Leapfrogging refers to the process in which new Internet users are obtaining access by mobile devices and are skipping the traditional means of access: personal computers. This leapfrogging of PC-based Internet access has been hailed in many quarters as an important means of rapidly and inexpensively reducing the gap in Internet access between developed and developing nations, thereby reducing the need for policy interventions to address this persistent digital divide. This paper offers a critical perspective on the process of mobile leapfrogging. Drawing upon data on Internet access and device penetration from 34 countries, this paper first shows that while greater access to mobile technologies suggests the possibility of a leapfrog effect, the lack of 3G adoption suggests that mobile phones are not yet acting as functionally equivalent substitutes for personal computers. Next, this paper puts forth a set of concerns regarding the limitations and potential shortcomings of mobile-based Internet access relative to traditional PC-based Internet access. This paper illustrates a number of important relative shortcomings in terms of memory and speed, content availability, network architecture, and patterns of information seeking and content creation amongst users. This paper concludes that policymakers should be cautions about promoting mobile access as a solution to the digital divide, and undertake policy reforms that ensure that communities that rely on mobile as their only gateway to the Internet do not get left further behind. -
Leapfrogging: Look Before You Leap
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT No.71 DECEMBER 2018 LEAPFROGGING: LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP New technologies, such as digital mobile communications, drones for precision agriculture and decentralized renewable energy systems that provide electricity in rural areas far from the grid, open up opportunities for leapfrogging. As developing countries have limited capabilities, opportunities for leapfrogging in these countries are presented primarily through the adoption of technologies. Innovation policies can help developing countries foster and facilitate the deployment of frontier technologies and their adaptation to meet their needs, to promote sustainable development.1 Frontier technologies and Potential for leapfrogging leapfrogging In large part, the experience of the ICT Discussions of the developmental dimension sector has brought increased attention to of frontier technologies, particularly digital leapfrogging. Rapid technological advances technologies, often highlight the possibility and cost reductions in ICT in recent decades have enabled some developing countries, POLICY BRIEF of “leapfrogging”, the concept of “bypassing intermediate stages of technology through notably in Africa and Asia, to skip the Key points which countries have historically passed development of landline infrastructure by 2 moving directly to mobile telecommunications. • Countries engage in during the development process”. The leapfrogging by bypassing traditional notion of “catch-up” refers For example, in the early 2000s, Cambodia, the imtermediate stages of to the narrowing of gaps in income and Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Nepal technology in a development technological capabilities between a late- and Timor-Leste had less than three fixed- process. telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, • Rapid technological advances developing country and a front-runner and cost reductions in country. -
The Trajectory of the Anthropocene: the Great Acceleration
ANR0010.1177/2053019614564785The Anthropocene ReviewSteffen et al. 564785research-article2015 Review The Anthropocene Review 1 –18 The trajectory of the © The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: Anthropocene: The Great sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/2053019614564785 Acceleration anr.sagepub.com Will Steffen,1,2 Wendy Broadgate,3 Lisa Deutsch,1 Owen Gaffney3 and Cornelia Ludwig1 Abstract The ‘Great Acceleration’ graphs, originally published in 2004 to show socio-economic and Earth System trends from 1750 to 2000, have now been updated to 2010. In the graphs of socio-economic trends, where the data permit, the activity of the wealthy (OECD) countries, those countries with emerging economies, and the rest of the world have now been differentiated. The dominant feature of the socio-economic trends is that the economic activity of the human enterprise continues to grow at a rapid rate. However, the differentiated graphs clearly show that strong equity issues are masked by considering global aggregates only. Most of the population growth since 1950 has been in the non-OECD world but the world’s economy (GDP), and hence consumption, is still strongly dominated by the OECD world. The Earth System indicators, in general, continued their long-term, post-industrial rise, although a few, such as atmospheric methane concentration and stratospheric ozone loss, showed a slowing or apparent stabilisation over the past decade. The post-1950 acceleration in the Earth System indicators remains clear. Only beyond the mid-20th century is there clear evidence for fundamental shifts in the state and functioning of the Earth System that are beyond the range of variability of the Holocene and driven by human activities. -
Leapfrogging Technology
privateP UBLIC POLICY FORsector THE NOTE NUMBER 254 Leapfrogging Technology Masami Kojima FEBRUARY 2003 Masami Kojima is a lead Cost-Effective Solution for Pollution in Developing Countries? energy and environment specialist at the World Leapfrogging technology makes sense where technological advances Bank focusing on joint are driven by market demand, as in telecommunications and energy, environment, and transport policy issues, information technology. But technological advances driven by the especially fuel quality, need to deal with such externalities as pollution are more vehicle emission control, fuel pricing policy, and the complicated, for they do not inherently increase profitability or health impact of pollution. efficiency. Using air pollution by vehicles as an illustration, this Note She has worked on these issues in Bank programs examines the issues that need to be considered in deciding whether in Latin America, South leapfrogging technology is a cost-effective solution. Asia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus. The pace of technological advance in the past ernment budget, removing one of the potential few decades has opened new possibilities. obstacles to implementation. Consider the technology for controlling emis- sions from cars, buses, and trucks. Government Danger of considering technology-based regulations have driven this technology as much regulations in isolation as the technology has driven regulations, result- The argument is appealing. If all else remained ing in vehicle emission standards in industrial the same, imposing stringent standards that PRIVATE SECTOR AND INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK countries that have become increasingly require the best available technology would stringent—far more so than those in developing indeed improve air quality, reduce illness, and countries. -
Geely Emgrand EC7 Geely Emgrand EC718 'Luxury', LHD
Geely Emgrand EC7 Geely Emgrand EC718 'Luxury', LHD 75% 80% 42% 86% ADULT OCCUPANT Total 27 pts | 75% FRONTAL IMPACT 9,1 pts FRONTAL IMPACT HEAD Driver airbag contact stable Passenger airbag contact stable CHEST Passenger compartment stable Windscreen Pillar rearward 21mm Steering wheel rearward 74mm Driver Passenger Steering wheel upward none Chest contact with steering none wheel SIDE IMPACT CAR 8 pts UPPER LEGS, KNEES AND PELVIS Stiff structures in dashboard Steering column, ignition barrel, end SIDE IMPACT POLE 6,1 pts of facia Concentrated loads on knees Steering column, ignition barrel, end of facia LOWER LEGS AND FEET Footwell Collapse rupture Rearward pedal movement brake - 176mm Upward pedal movement clutch - 67mm SIDE IMPACT Car Pole Head protection airbag Yes Chest protection airbag Yes REAR IMPACT (WHIPLASH) 3,7 pts WHIPLASH GOOD Seat description Standard, leather, 4 way electric ADEQUATE Head restraint type Passive MARGINAL Geometric assessment 1 pts TESTS WEAK - High severity 2,9 pts POOR - Medium severity 2,5 pts - Low severity 2,6 pts CHILD OCCUPANT Total 39 pts | 80% 18 MONTH OLD CHILD FRONTAL IMPACT Restraint Britax-Römer Duo Plus Head forward movement protected Group 1 Head acceleration good Facing forward Chest load good Installation ISOFIX anchorages and top tether SIDE IMPACT PERFORMANCE 10 pts Head containment protected INSTRUCTIONS 4 pts Head acceleration good INSTALLATION 2 pts 3 YEAR OLD CHILD FRONTAL IMPACT Restraint Britax-Römer Duo Plus Head forward movement protected Group 1 Head acceleration good Facing forward -
Vertical Innovation Industry Development to Enable Leapfrogging, Superior Competitiveness and Innovation
BACKGROUND NOTE Vertical Innovation Industry Development to Enable Leapfrogging, Superior Competitiveness and Innovation René Rohrbeck, Olga Kokshagina, and Susann Roth DISCLAIMER This background paper was prepared for the report Asian Development Outlook 2020: What Drives Innovation in Asia? It is made available here to communicate the results of the underlying research work with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. The ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or use of the term “country” in this document, is not intended to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this document do not imply any judgment on the part of the ADB concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. VERTICAL INNOVATION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT To Enable Leapfrogging, Superior Competitiveness, and Innovation René Rohrbeck, Olga Kokshagina, and Susann Roth1 A. -
A Chery Brazilian Comeback China’S Chery Attempts a Comeback in Brazil Augusto Amorim, Senior Manager, Americas Vehicle Sales Forecasts
A Chery Brazilian Comeback China’s Chery attempts a comeback in Brazil Augusto Amorim, Senior Manager, Americas Vehicle Sales Forecasts Chery entered the Brazilian Light Vehicle market April this year and by July had sold 939 units. This in 2009 and sold a total of 21,681 units in 2011. contrasts with 16,501 units for the segment leader, The automaker had originally intended to open the Jeep Renegade. what would have been its first full production As well as launching and developing the Renault plant outside of China, but the 100,000 units of and Hyundai brands in Brazil, the company now capacity ended up being used for CKD assembly. also imports Subaru vehicles. The latter remains a A promised engine factory, meanwhile, never niche player, however, with sales unlikely to exceed materialised. In 2012, just as the Brazilian market 1,000 units this year. broke a new sales record, Chery’s sales plunged by 34%. As it fights to gain traction in the market, Chery will unveil the locally produced Arrizo5 as its star That same year, the government implemented a draw at the São Paulo Auto Show next month. But series of measures to curb vehicle imports into Brazil’s fiercely competitive Small sedan segment the country. One such measure was to persuade will give Chery a run for its money, particularly as it OEMs to produce vehicles locally by slapping will be up against more established brands such as prohibitively high taxes on imports. The economy Chevrolet and Volkswagen. Next year, we estimate then spiralled downwards, with Light Vehicle sales that Chery’s sales will surpass 17,000 units, with nosediving in 2015 and 2016.