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Synopsis of Biological Data on the Grunts Haemulon Aurolineatum and H

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Synopsis of Biological Data on the Grunts Haemulon Aurolineatum and H NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 448 Synopsis of Biological Data on the G ru nts Haemulon aurolineatum and H. plumieri (Pisces: Haemulidae) George H. Darcy February 1983 FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 133 u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration John V. Byrne, Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service William G. Gordon, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec­ ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro­ motion which would indicate or imply that N;\IFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Introduction ........... .. .... .... ...... .............................................. ......... 1 Identity .... ........ .. ....... ... ....... ... .......... ... ................................... ...... 1. 1 Nomenclature .......... .. ..... .. .. ... .. ..... ........ .. ... .......................... 1. 11 Valid name . : . .. .................................... ................................... 1. 12 Objective synonymy. .. I 1 .2 Ta xonomy . .. 3 1.21 Affinities . ................ ... ................................... .. ....................... ..... 3 1.22 Taxonomic status .. .. 3 1.23 Subspecies. .. 4 1.24 Standard common names, vernac ul ar names. .. 4 1. 3 Morphology . .. 4 1.3 1 External morphology . .. 4 * 1.32 Cytomorphology 1.33 Protein specificity. .. 5 2 Distribution . .. 5 2. 1 Total area. .. 5 2.2 Differential distribution . .. 6 2.21 Spawn, larvae and juvenil es . .. 6 2.22 Adults. .. 7 2.3 Determinants of di stribution changes. .. 7 2.4 Hybridization. .. 8 3 Bionomics and life hi story .. ........ .. .. ... ..................................................... 8 3. 1 Reproducti on . .. 8 3. 11 Sexuality. .. .. .. 8 3. 12 Maturity .. ........... .. .. ................. .................................................. 8 3. 13 Mating. .. .. 9 3. 14 Fertilization. ... 9 3. 15 Gonads ..................................................... .. ...... ...... .. ................. 9 3. 16Spawning .......................................... .... .... .. .... ..... ..... ..................... 9 3.17 Spawn ....................................................... .. ...... ... ...................... II 3.2 Preadult phase ....................... .. ................................. ............................ 11 3.21 Embryonic phase .................... .. ......................... ... ... ............. .. ........... 11 3.22 Larvae and adolescent phase . .......... .. ... 11 3.3 Adult phase .................................. ..... ......... .............. ....... ... ... ............. 17 3.3 1 Longevity ... .... .. .. ..... ............................................................. ..... 17 3.32 Hardiness ..... ......... ... ................................................................... 17 3.33 Competitors .. ........................................ ..... .......... ........................... 19 3 .34 Predators .................................... ................... ..... ...... ... .............. 19 3.35 Parasites, diseases, inj ulies, and abnormal ities .................... .. ................................... 19 3.36 Chemical composi ti on . 19 3.4 Nutrition and growth ..... .. ... .. 19 3.4 1 Feeding . ... .. ... .. .. ... .. ....... .. ... .... ... .. ... ...... 19 3 .42 Food . .... .. .... .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. .. ........ .. .. ... .... .... .... .. 19 3.43 Growth rate. .. ......... ... ....................................................... 20 *3 .44 Metabolism 3.5 Behav ior . .. .... .... 23 3.5 1 Migrations and local movements. 23 3.52 Schooling .. .... ............... .. ....... ........... .... .......... ........................... 2-+ *3.53 Responses to stimuli 4 Population . .. 24 4.1 Structure . .. 24 4 .11 Sex ratio ....... .. 24 4 . 12 Age composition ............ ... ... ....... ... .................................................... 24 4.13 Size composition . .. ........... 25 4.14 Subpopulations .............. ........................................... .... .. .. .. .............. 26 4 .2 Abundance and density ...... ........................................... ............................ 26 4 .3 Natality and recruitment. ........ ..... ........................................... .................... 28 4 .31 Reproduction rates . ............................................ ... ....... ........................ 28 4.32 Factors affecting reproduction. 28 4 .33 Recruitment. .. .. 28 o 3.4 em Figure I.-Adult Haemulon aurolineatum. (From Courtenay and Sahlman 1978.) o 6.0 em Fi~ure 2.-Adult Haemulon piumieri. (From Courtenay and Sahlman 1978.) 1.2 Taxonomy Specific 1.21 Affinities Haemulon aurolineatum Suprageneric The following species diagnosis is from Courtena. (1961): POR'lI lateral line scales 50-52; caudal peduncle scales 22 (9-2-11): dor..al Phylum Chordata fin XII + I, 14-15, usually 15 ; anal fill III, 9, rarely 8. pectoral tIll Class Osteichthyes 17-18, usually 17 ; gill rakers 24-28; longitudmal scale fO\l. belov. Superorder Acanthopterygii lateral line parallel to long axis of body; body slivery-white With Order Perciformes yellow to brown stripe from behind preopercle to black blotch at Suborder Percoidei base of caudal fill; pectoral fillS chalky; other flns pale grd) to Family Haemulidae chalky; juveniles with lateral stripe from belund eye to caudal peduncle continuous with oval spot when young. eparate from Systematics and distribution of the family Haemulidae were dumbbell-shaped spot in larger individuals. reveiwed by Konchina (1976), who listed several previously recog­ Adults of H. aurolineatum are easily separated from most other nized families (Gaterinidae, Pomadasidae, Prisinpomidae, Plec­ species of Haemulon because they possess 13 dorsal spines. Other torhinchidae, and Xenichthyidae) now included in Haemulidae. Haemulon species, except for H. striatum and H. boschmae. have Although recent usage has favored the family name Pomadasyidae, 12 dorsal spines. The three species having 13 spines may be distin­ Haemulidae is an earlier name which should be applied (Robins et guished as shown in Table 1. al . 1980) . Generic Table I.-Distinguishing characters of three species of Haemulon from the western Atlantic. (From Courtena} and Sahlman 1978.) Several workers have reviewed the genus Haemulon, sensu lato. Jordan and Swain (1884) discussed the status ofthe genus and con­ Character H. aurolineatum H. slriaIum H ho.\chmo( cluded that Bathystoma of Scudder (1863 as cited in Jordan and Scales around caudal Swain 1884), in which the species aurolineatum is sometimes peduncle 22 25-26 2327 placed, should not be regarded as a distinct genus. Jordan and Scale rows below parallel to obltque most I) PJrJllel Fesler (1893) likewise did not recognize Bathystoma, but placed lateral line body axis to bod} a " Gill rakers in Haemulon along with lutjanids in the family Sparidae. Ginsburg first arch 24-28 28-34 30 "If> (1948) reviewed the species of Bathystoma, a genus which he con­ Anal fin rays 9 7-8 7-"1 sidered distinct based on a difference in number of dorsal spines (usuall) XI (Bathystoma having 13 and Haemulon, sensu stricto, having 12). Body shape compressed. nor compre~~ed . Lomprc.."cd depth 211 ,() Arnov (1952) excluded Bathystoma from his review of Haemulon. depth 32-36% depth 26-30 '1' SL SL SL Most recent authors (Courtenay 1961 ; Konchina 1976; Courtenay and Sahlman 1978) have considered Bathystoma to be a synonym of Haemulon. Haemulor, plumieri Courtenay (1961) listed synunyms of Haemulon Cuvier: The following species diagnosis is from Courtenay (1961): pored Diabasis Desmarest, 1823 (preoccupied in Coleoptera) lateral line scales 48-51, usually 50-51; caudal peduncle scales 22 Haemulon Cuvier, 1829 (9-2-11); dorsal fill XI + I , 15-17, usually 16; anal.
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