Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific

International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 10, Issue, 10(E), pp. 35519-35522, October, 2019 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article

TRADITIONAL TREATMENT OF VARIOUS SKIN DISEASES IN DISTRICT OF ,

Singh N.K1 and Tripathi R.B2

1Department of Botany, M.L.K.P.G. College Balrampur (U.P.), India 2Department of Zoology, M.L.K.P.G. College Balrampur (U.P.), India

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2019.1010.4119

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: The study investigating the use of traditional remedies in managing various skin diseases in the Balrampur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Eighteen plants species belonging to 16 families of Received 13th July, 2019 th angiosperm reported along with dosage and mode of administration have been enumerated. Received in revised form 11 August, 2019 Accepted 8th September, 2019 th Published online 28 October, 2019

Key Words:

Traditional medicine, skin diseases, Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh.

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INTRODUCTION back in ancient literature (Tulsidas, 1631 & Dradhbala et. al. 1996). However, organized studies in this direction were Since time immemorial man had been using various natural initiated in 1956 (Rao 1996). Plants are widely used by all materials as a source of medicines. The value of medicinal sections of the population either directly as folk medicines or plants to human livelihood is essentially infinite. They indirectly in the pharmaceutical preparation of modern obviously make fundamental contributions to human health. medicines (Warrier et. al. 1997, Malabadi 2005, Malabadi and

Popular knowledge of plants used by human is based on Vijay Kumar 2005, Savithrama et. al. 2007). In India more than thousands of year's experience. By trial and error people learnt 43 % of the total flowering plants are reported to be of how to recognize and use plants, including those with a magic - medicinal importance (Pushpangdan 1995). Plants that are used religious function and this ethnomedicinal knowledge for traditional herbal medicine in different countries are an transmitted from generation to generation (Lev and Amar important part of these studies in general, experiences gained 2000). But this knowledge and transmission is in danger from ethnobotanical approaches of traditional medicinal studies because transmission between older and younger generation is in India have helped drug production and new drug not always assured (Anyinam 1995). Interest in ethnobotany development. However, in some countries in recent years, has increased dramatically in recent years. Medicinal folklore ethnobotanical studies have been used for the discovery of new over the years has proved to be an invaluable guide in present drug. It is estimated that 70%- 80% of people worldwide rely day screening of drugs. Ethnobotanical studies of medicinal chiefly on traditional, largely herbal medicine to meet their plants have taken many paths, sometimes describing the use of primary health care needs (Farnswarth and Jarto 1991, Jain plants in given cultural contexts (El- Darier and Mogaspi 1991). Traditional system of medicine in India may be 2009). In recent years, use of ethnobotanical information in classified in to 3 broad categories: (1): Traditionalmedical medicinal plant research has gained considerable attention in system with written traditions of documentation of knowledge segments of scientific community (Heinrich 2000). pharmacopeia for doctors and Institutions for training doctors. (2): Traditional knowledge (Folk medicine). Which is orally Plant used in traditional medicine may constitute an important transmitted and associated with households, communities or source of new biologically active compounds. Utilization of ethnic group (3): Shamanistic Medicine with a strong spiritual plants for medicinal purposes India has been documented long element and which can only be applied by specialist

*Corresponding author: Singh N.K Department of Botany, M.L.K.P.G. College Balrampur (U.P.), India Singh N.K and Tripathi R.B., Traditional Treatment of Various Skin Diseases in Balrampur District of Uttar Pradesh, India practitioner. Traditional medical system, more widely familiar empirical knowledge was respected everyone in the area and are Indian traditional medicines: Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani, medicine men, who prescribe the local herbs. Plant specimens the later bring rather ill-defined. The great majority of species were identified with the help of regional and local floras. The of medicinal plants are used only in Folk medicines. voucher specimens were deposited in the herbarium P. G. Traditional medicinal systems employ relatively few. 1250 - Department of Botany M. L. K. P. G. College Balrampur (U. 1400 species in Ayurveda (Dev 1999), 343 in Unani and 328 in P.), India. Plant species which are used in traditional medicines Siddha (Shiva 1996). The ethnobotanical field survey will also are enumerated with their botanical name, local name, family be astep ahead towards the direction in field of pharmacology anduse of the plant parts in the various skin diseasestreatment. some ethnobotanical works are being conducted in India Table: 1. (Siddiqui et. al. 1989, Warrier et. al. 1997, Samvastsar and Diwanji 2000, Annamalai 2004, Muthu et.al. 2006, Saikia et. al. 2006). These plants have traditionally been used by Indian because they are natural products easily available cheap and curative than many substandard Orthodox medicines imported in to the country today.

As medicinal plants are providing a significant source of income for rural people in the area, specially through the sale of wild- harvested material, herbal medicines. The collectors are often herders, shepherds or other economically marginalized sections of the population, such as poor landless men and women. There are also the questions of how best to develop traditional systems to meet modern challenges. The environment in which traditional medical practitioners are operating today is not the same as in the past (Craig 2002). So to collect the ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmacological informations, new and rare medicinal uses of plants of Indians traditional herbs, this ethnobotanical exploration was made in the Balrampur district. But as for as we know, no etnobotanical study has been yet performed to collect the ethnomedico herbal Map 1 Location of study area in India data from Balrampur district of Uttar Pradesh. In view of this, an extensive survey of the medicinal plants, which are used for the treatment of various skin diseases was done. This is a first report on the medicinal plants used by the local traditional healers in this area.

Study area

Balrampur district is situated on the bank of Rapti and Balrampur was a state in India. It was divided in 1748 and is a part of Uttar Pradesh. Balrampur is the district headquarter. The creation of Balrampur district was done by G.D. No. 1428 / 1-5 /97/ 172 / 85 - R - 5 dated May 25, 1997 by the division of district Gonda. Siddharthnagar, Shravasti and are situated in the east - west and south sides respectively and Nepal state is situated in its north side. One of the most popular Hindu Worship place is situated in Tulsipur about 27 km. from the district head quarter. It is known as Devi Patan. The temple has the distinction of having included in 51 " Shaktipeethas" of Goddess Durga according to hindu mythology. The area of the district is 336917 Hec. & In which the agriculture irrigated area is 221432 Hec.. In the north of the district is situated the Shivalic ranges of the Himalyas which is called Tarai Region. Balrampur is located 27.43° N 82.18° E Map 2 Location of study area in Uttar Pradesh and 161 km. west towards state capital Lucknow. It has an average elevation of 105 metres (344 ft.), Population 21,49066 and 3 Tehsils (Tulsipur, & Balrampur). Map: 1,2 & 3.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study area consisted of rural communities and Tulsipur sites in the district of Balrampur. Several visits were made to each side (Map-3). Those people interviewed during the survey (June 2015 to June 2019) included older persons whose 35520 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 10, Issue, 10(E), pp. 35519-35522, October, 2019

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Ethnobotanical as a prospering research field of science has been widely used for the documentation of indigenous knowledge on the use of plants and for providing an inventory of useful plants from local flora. The result of the survey is presented in table -1. The present investigation comprises 18 plant species of ethnomedicinal plant distributed belonging to 16 families were used in various skin diseases. Mixture of plants were used in herbal preparations such as leaves, stem barks, fruits, seeds and roots. Of all these, the leaf was found to be used in about 70 % - 75 % of the cases. Family Fabaceae (17.15 %) is most predominant family of medicinal plants and it may be due to that easy availability, other predominant families are Solanaceae (8.75 %) and Liliaceae (8.75 %) etc.

The parts of plants used for medicinal preparations vary from leaves to stem barks, seeds, roots, fruits and flower respectively. The leaves were observed to be top priority as used in 55 medicinal preparations followed by stem bark 25, seeds 20, roots 35 and flower buds 20. The leaf is therefore the most efficacious part used in medicinal preparations. leaves are most widely used evenly mixed with other plant parts followed by root, whole plant, seed and stem. The active use of leave is due to easy availability and production of various metabolic compounds. They can be cooked easily by boiling. Roots are second commonly used in daily treatment that may be as active

in massive storage of food (compound). The most common Map 3 Location of study area in Balrampur district rural area mode of preparation and application was decoction, extraction, Table 1 A list of Medicinal plants for various skin diseases in powder, pills, syrup and external usage was in form of poultice district Balrampur rural communities and demulcent. However some folklore herbal uses are interesting and may subjected to further research to find there Common Plants parts Diseases S.N. Botanical name Family Name used chemical constituents to discover and develop new drugs. Allium cepa Rashes & Scorpion 1 Pyaj Liliaceae Bulb Linn. biter Generally mixtures of herbs are used as folklore medicines and Allium sativum Skin disease, Tinea & 2 Lahsun Liliaceae Bulb few times single herb is alsoeffective remedy against some Linn. Versicularis Azadirachta indica disease. The study has given information of 11 kinds of skin 3 Neem Meliaceae Leaves& Bark Dandruff A. Juss. diseases. Nine species are used to treat all skin diseases (Table: Brassica campestris Mustard, 4 Brasicaceae Seed Skin disease, leprosy Linn. Sarson 1). The acceptability and reliability on the local herbal Bryophyllum medicines is quite high and common in inhabitants of 5 pinnatum Patherchatta Crassulaceae Leaf Wounds Balrampur district. The informants were quite happy to share Lam. Kurz. Amaltash, their traditional knowledge, hopeful of helping to accelerate the 6 Cassia fistula Fabaceae Fruit,Flowering Eczema, ringworm Ressa development of medicinal activities in their area. As well as 7 Curcuma longa L. Haldi Zingiberaceae Rhizome Impetigo these local informants exchange their knowledge about Cynodon dactylon Leaves, 8 Dubghass Poaceae Skin disease Linn. Rhizome different examples of various herbs among themselves, so Leaves and 9 Datura alba Linn. Dhatura Solanaceae Swelling cooperative view and ideas will be helpful to document the fruit Lawsonia inermis local skill and to involve their participation in development 10 Mehndi Lythraceae Leaves Impetigo Linn. programmes of plant biodiversity conservation of the area. Madhuca indica Flower& 11 Mahua Sapotaceae Ringworm, skin disease Thus, the study as certains the importance of these folk J.F. Gmel. seed Momordica medicinal herbs being used by the people of Balrampur district, 12 charantia Karela Cucurbitaceae Leaf Skin disease this ethnobotanical study could be interesting stem towards the Linn. Nerium indicum insolation and pharmacological testing of single constituents 13 Kaner Apocynaceae Root & Bark Skin disease Mill. from these herbs to discover new drug and develop drug and Ocimum sanctum 14 Tulsi Lamiaceae Leaves Tinea versicularis Linn. evaluates the need of crucial and immediate step for Piper longum conservation of plantbiodiversity in the area. 15 Long peper Piperaceae Leaves Skin disease Linn. Tinospora Giloe , The present day traditional healers are very old. Due to lack of 16 cordifolia MenispermaceaeLeaves & Root Skin disease guduci Wild. interest among the younger generation as well as their tendency Vitex negundo to migrate towards cities for lucrative job wealth of knowledge 17 Black plum Verbenaceae Leaves & Bark Ringworm Linn. in this area is declining. So far no systematic ethnobotanical Withania somnifera 18 Ashwagandha Solanaceae Root Leucoderma Linn. survey has been made in this area Balrampur district offers a great deal of scope for ethnobotanical research not only because of the richness of the flora but indigenous people 35521 | P a g e Singh N.K and Tripathi R.B., Traditional Treatment of Various Skin Diseases in Balrampur District of Uttar Pradesh, India inhabiting the country. A drug development programme should 11. Lev, E. and Amar,Z. (2000): Ethnopharmacological be undertaken to develop modern drug with the compounds survey of traditional drugs sold in Israel at the end of isolated from these plants. Although crude preparation from 20th century. J. Ethnopharmacol. 72: 191 - 205. various part of these plant species have medicinal applications 12. Malabadi, R. B. (2005): Antibacterial activity in the from time immemorial modern drugs can be developed after rhizome extracts of costus specious (Koen) J. Phytol. extensive investigation of bioactivity mechanism of action, Res. 18 (1): 83 - 85. pharmacotherapeutics, toxicity and after proper standardization 13. Malabadi, R. R. and Vijay Kumar,S. (2005): Assessment and clinical trials. Similar works have also been obtained by of anti dermatophytic activity of some medicinal plants. workers Bhat (2002), Mukherjee and Wahi (2006), Singh and J. Phytol. Res. 18 (1): 103 - 106. Singh (2009) and Singh and Tripathi (2019) 14. Mukherjee,P.K. and Wahil, A. (2006): Integrated approaches towards dugs development from Ayurved References and other systems of medicine. J. Ethnopharmacol., 103:

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How to cite this article:

Singh N.K and Tripathi R.B., 2019,Traditional Treatment of Various Skin Diseases in Balrampur District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Recent Sci Res. 10(10), pp. 35519-35522. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2019.1010.4119

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