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Research Publications University of Nigeria Research Publications OGBOCHIE, Andrew Nnabuchi Author PG/M.SC/2005/39977 Rural Migration and the Development of Isi-Uzo LGA of Title Enugu State Social Sciences Faculty Public Administration And Local Government Department August, 2007 Date Signature RURAL MIGRATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISI- UZO LOCAL GOVERNMENTPREA, ENUGU STATE OGBOCHIE, ANDREW NNABUCHI [VEN) PG/M.Sc./05/39977 QEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONt AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA AUGUST, 2007 TITLE PAGE RURAL MIGRATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISI-UZO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ENUGU STATE A THESIS SUBMITTED INTHE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF M.Sc DEGREE INPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT II CERTIFICATLON rhis project was supervised and approved as having met the requirements of the Department of Public Administration and Locaf Government for the Award of Master of Science (M.Sc) Degree. Dr. 'Chikelue Ofuebe Supervisor I-lead of Department APPROVAL PAGE This research study has been approved for the Department of Pu blid Administration and Local Government. - f' C. y/',/------A&-------- --------------- ---------- - m- ExteGr Dean, ~acult~af Social Science DEDICATION This work is dedicated to God Almighty who not only created but endowed me with his wisdom. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It was not easy to have finished my academic work at this level but Gob used some people for this attainment. First of all, my indebtedness and gratitude goes to God Almighty for his magnanimity. He did not aylow stress, distance and other obstacles to be a barrier rather he saw me through to the end. My unreserved appreclatlon and gratitude go to my supervisor, Dr. Chikelue Ofuebe who went beyond a call of duty to make this work a successful reality. He went beyond being a supervisor to become a counsellor and a spiritual director to me. I am indeed grateful to him. I want also to appreciate the Vice Chancellor of the University, Ven Prof. Chinedu Nebo for all his efforts in transforming the University, morally, structural!y and academically, All my lecturers in the Department of Public Administration and Local Government are appreciated. My colleagues are also appreciated. We have tried to be our brother's keeper by encouraging hard work, independence and ~xcelrence.My family has indeed played a role model. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page - = i Certific3tion - i i Approval Page = iii Dedication = = iv Acknowledgement v Table of Ccntents v i ListofTabTes = vii Abstract = - i x CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1 Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 17 Objective ~f the Study 20 Signifi1cance of the Study 20 Scope and Limitations of the Study 22 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHOD d - - - 2. Literature Review - - - -- - -. 25 2.2 Understanding Migration and Development = = 25 2.3 Theoretical Framework - - - - = 39 2.4 Method of Data Gathering = - - - = 42 vii 2.5 Method of Data Analysis = - - - = 43 2.6 Hypothesis - - - - --- - = 44 2.7 Operationalization of the Key Concept in the Hypothesis - - - - - - = 47 2.8 Data Presentation, Analysis and Discussion = = 49 CHAPTER THREE The Study Area/General information Eha-Arnufu --- Tkem - - Development - = Rural Derebpment Migration = - Population = = CHAPTER FOUR 4.1 Data and Findings and Discussion of Findings CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION = 73 5.1 Summary = = - - - - - = 73 5.2 Recommendation - - - - - = 76 5.3 Conclusion - - - - - - = 79 RZBUOGRAPWY LIST OF TABLES Table I: Age Bracket = - - - - = 63 Table 2: What is the level of Education of those that Migrate? = - - - = 64 Table 3: Has Family Size Anything to do with Migration 66 Table 4: What is the Economic Background of the Migrants? = = - - - - = 67 Table 5: Which Gender is mostly Associated with Migration = - - - - - = 67 Table 6: What are the major means of the livelihood . in the Community = --- - - = 68 Table 7; Mow Often does this Rural-Urban Migration take Place = - =I - - - - = 69 Table 8: Does the Non-Availability of Social Amenities Contribute to the Rate of Migration = = 70 Tabte 9: The get rich quick syndrome among the Youth Lead - to Rural-Urban Migration 5 = = 71 ABSTRACT The problem of rural migration has been a topical issue overtime. The rate of mass movement of the most vibrant and energetic part of the rural population to the urban areas in search of the so-called greener pastures is alarming and this has in turn attracted the attention of many scholars and governments world-wide, and particularly in Isi-Uzo Local Government Area and this forms the basis of this study entitled "The Rural Migration and the Development of Isi-Uzo Local Government Area, Enugu State". - From the above, therefore, this study examined the role which the moving away of the most vibrant and energetic part of the rural population has played in the developmental process of the rural communities in Enugu State. A critical perspective of this study proves that since the Nigerian independence in 1960, the issue of rural migration and development has become a paramount issue in Nigeria. This is because It is Being increasingly realized that most of the talented and energetic young people, now prefer to reside in ~rbancenters rather than engage in any meaningful economic activities in their rural communities, This trend has a lot of negative economic misequences considering the predominantly rural nature of the Nigerlan economy. However, the menace of the rural migration and its negative effect on the development of Isi-uzo Local Government Area in particular and Nigeria in general, has not been without a reason. The vast majority of the rural dwellers feel isolated and marginalized by the disequilibrium in the sharing of sociaT infrastructures and amenities between the rural and urban centers. Although, a significant, proportion of the population IFves In the rural environr-rielit it is observed - that there is a high degree of rural development and, indeed apparent neglect in the country. Is!-uzo local government with wer 989b of its population in the rural areas is a typical case. Many rural settlerne~ts in local government are remote, isolated and In many cases too, inaccessible. The consequences and chaknges or rural migration is Isi-Uzo are so many and I have throurr~ enormous responsibilities on both the government and rural dwellers in Isi-Uzo, as well as on the policy makers, educationists and scientists for all to work as a team in an effort to remedy the anomalies. As a matter of fact, all the findings in the work, seem to support the assertion that the migration of the youths to the urban centers has seriously retarded the economic activ~tiesin the rural areas and that this has very seriously resulted to the underdevelopment of Isl-uso Local Government Area and that also if this trend continues, it will lead to economic stagnation and lack of manpower in Isi-uzo Local Government Area, Enugu State. CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The history OF migration is that of people's struggle to survive and to prosper, to escape insecurity and poverty and to move in response to opportunity. Migration Is not a panacea for development problems, but if properly managed. it can deliver major benefits in terms of development and poverty reduction. (House af Common International Development Committee p. 3). Rural migration is seen as a multi-dimensional phenomenon with considerable demographic, social, economic and political implications in Nigeria In general and Isi Uzo Local Government Area of Enugu State in particular. The issue of rural-urban migration an the development pattern of the rural communities has become a very crucial issue to our social development experts. Migration is an age long phenomenon which has taken different forms in different societies at different historical times, In previous times in Africa, it took the form of mass movement of people. Goison (1960 - 13 - 19). Migration involves change of residence for the individual emigrant as well as for the society in general. The economist, 3. K. Galbraith, described migration as "the oldest action against poverty". Worldwide, 175 million people, or just under three percent of the total, live outside their country of birth. Migration may be the exception rather than the rule, but it is increasing. It is already very important in terms of economic and politics, domestically and internationally and rural migrations establish between countries and local governments respectively. Inspite of rural developmental efforts made in the country in general and Isi Uzo Local Government Area of Enugu State in particular, in form of various development programmes, it 'has always shown that the consistent mass movement of the energetic and highly productive individuals which constitute the larger population of the rural dwellers has continued to remain a factor that has waged wars in favour of the continued existence of rural underdevelopment in Isi Uzo Local Government Area of Enugu State. During the British colonial government in Nigeria, the issue of rural-urban migration was less prominent because colonial masters emphasized more on the development of agriculture for the production of raw materials for the industries and cash crops for exports. (Arikpo, 1991 5).Based on the foregoing, rural areas were centers of attraction where these raw materials were gotten and 3 this ti-end made agriculture very predominant because it was attached with a lot of economic benefits for the vast majority of people living in the rural areas especially the youths. ti7 addition, agricultural development and the relevance of Agriculture have historically influenced the various development programmes such as: Plantation agricultural development by various development boards. Farm settlement schemes for school leavers. Government-owned faod companfes or corporations. Operation Feed the Nation (OFN). River Basin and Rural Development Authorities. National Green Revolution The World Bank-Assisted Agricultural Development Programmes (ADP) and (viii) The Directorate for Food, Road and Rural Infrastructure (DFFRI) (Abash, 1988: 15).
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