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NIGERIA COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service

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NIGERIA COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service NIGERIA COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 14 June 2013 NIGERIA 14 JUNE 2013 Contents Preface Useful news sources for further information Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Languages, ethnicity and religion ....................................................................... 1.04 Population ............................................................................................................. 1.07 Public holidays ..................................................................................................... 1.08 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.09 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 3. HISTORY AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS (1960-2012) .................................................. 3.01 Political history ..................................................................................................... 3.01 Independence (1960) ......................................................................................... 3.02 Military rule (1960-1999) .................................................................................... 3.03 Transition to civilian rule and government of Goodluck Jonathan (1999-2011) . 3.04 Boko Haram: the Islamist Threat ........................................................................ 3.08 Other developments ............................................................................................. 3.11 Fuel protests and the ‗Occupy Nigeria‘ movement ............................................. 3.11 Constitutional amendments ................................................................................ 3.15 Dispute with Cameroon over the Bakassi Peninsular ......................................... 3.17 4. CONSTITUTION .......................................................................................................... 4.01 5. POLITICAL SYSTEM ................................................................................................... 5.01 Human Rights 6. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 6.01 7. SECURITY SITUATION ................................................................................................. 7.01 Overview ............................................................................................................... 7.01 Unrest linked to Boko Haram (predominantly in northern Nigeria) ................. 7.02 Conflict drivers ................................................................................................... 7.02 Tactics and areas of operation ........................................................................... 7.10 Human rights violations and counter terrorism measures .................................. 7.17 Jos city and the ‘Middle Belt’ .............................................................................. 7.23 Conflict drivers ................................................................................................... 7.23 Human rights violations ...................................................................................... 7.25 The Niger Delta ..................................................................................................... 7.29 Conflict drivers ................................................................................................... 7.29 Human rights violations and the role of militias .................................................. 7.31 Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) ............................. 7.35 Government amnesty, 2009-2012 ...................................................................... 7.39 8. SECURITY FORCES .................................................................................................... 8.01 Police ..................................................................................................................... 8.03 Corruption and human rights violations committed by the police ....................... 8.07 Armed forces ........................................................................................................ 8.14 Counter-terrorism measures and human rights violations committed by the army ................................................................................................................... 8.17 Human rights violations by government forces ................................................ 8.21 ii The main text of this COI Report contains the most up to date publicly available information as at 1 February 2013. 14 JUNE 2013 NIGERIA Arbitrary arrest and detention ............................................................................. 8.21 Torture, ill treatment and use of excessive force ................................................ 8.25 Extra-judicial killings ........................................................................................... 8.30 Avenues of complaint .......................................................................................... 8.35 9. MILITARY SERVICE .................................................................................................... 9.01 10. NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS ...................................................................................... 10.01 Overview ............................................................................................................... 10.01 List of known non-state armed groups/’cults’ ................................................... 10.06 Boko Haram and its splinter groups ................................................................... 10.08 11. JUDICIARY ................................................................................................................ 11.01 Organisation ......................................................................................................... 11.03 Independence ....................................................................................................... 11.06 Fair trial ................................................................................................................. 11.08 Criminal Code ....................................................................................................... 11.11 Shari’a law ............................................................................................................. 11.12 Customary law ...................................................................................................... 11.17 12. ARREST AND DETENTION – LEGAL RIGHTS .................................................................. 12.01 13. PRISON CONDITIONS ................................................................................................. 13.01 14. DEATH PENALTY ....................................................................................................... 14.01 Legal framework ................................................................................................... 14.01 Implementation of death sentences and executions ......................................... 14.04 15. POLITICAL AFFILIATION ............................................................................................. 15.01 Freedom of political expression .......................................................................... 15.01 Political violence .................................................................................................. 15.04 Freedom of association and assembly ............................................................... 15.10 16. FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND MEDIA ............................................................................... 16.01 The internet and social media ............................................................................. 16.05 Journalists ............................................................................................................ 16.07 Violence and intimidation ................................................................................... 16.07 Corruption .......................................................................................................... 16.13 17. HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS, ORGANISATIONS AND ACTIVISTS .................................... 17.01 International protection instruments .................................................................. 17.03 National Human Rights Commission .................................................................. 17.04 18. CORRUPTION ............................................................................................................ 18.01 19. FREEDOM OF RELIGION .............................................................................................. 19.01 Religious demography ......................................................................................... 19.04 Legal rights ........................................................................................................... 19.06 Discrimination ...................................................................................................... 19.09 Sectarian violence ................................................................................................ 19.12 20. ETHNIC GROUPS ......................................................................................................
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