The Mesolithic at the Danube's Iron Gates> New Radiocarbon Dates And
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Regional Diversity in Subsistence Among Early Farmers In
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Edinburgh Research Explorer Edinburgh Research Explorer Regional diversity in subsistence among early farmers in Southeast Europe revealed by archaeological organic residues Citation for published version: Cramp, L, Ethier, J, Urem-Kotsou, D, Bonsall, C, Bori, D, Boronean, A, Evershed, RP, Peri, S, Roffet- Salque, M, Whelton, H & Ivanova, M 2019, 'Regional diversity in subsistence among early farmers in Southeast Europe revealed by archaeological organic residues' Proceedings of the Royal Society B., vol. 286, no. 1894, 2347. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2347 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1098/rspb.2018.2347 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Apr. 2019 Regional diversity in subsistence among royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rspb early farmers in Southeast Europe revealed by archaeological organic residues Research Lucy J. -
Romanian Cultural Centres from Europe
“Mircea cel Batran” Naval Academy Scientific Bulletin, Volume XVIII – 2015 – Issue 2 Published by “Mircea cel Batran” Naval Academy Press, Constanta, Romania // The journal is indexed in: PROQUEST SciTech Journals, PROQUEST Engineering Journals, PROQUEST Illustrata: Technology, PROQUEST Technology Journals, PROQUEST Military Collection PROQUEST Advanced Technologies & Aerospace ROMANIAN CULTURAL CENTRES FROM EUROPE Tanase BUJDUVEANU1 1Prof. PhD, „CAROL I” Commercial College, CONSTANTA Abstract: The Romanian Spiritual Values have always been into Europeans’ public eye because of the documentary researches. In the same time the Romanian Cultural World would have liked to be recognized in Europe bringing its contribution to achieving some cultural centers in the period between wars. It is the period when Romania expressed itself strongly from the political and civilization point of view establishing its stability role in the South-East of Europe. The intellectuals consider that Romania should be recognized from the cultural point of view in order to support the information changes and European harmony. In 1911, an initiative is taken to open a Culture Institute at Bucharest dedicated to the south-east european issues. Those who took the initiative were Nicolae Iorga, Vasile Pârvan and G. Murgoci, in 1914 and their goal was to study this part of Europe taking into account the old traditions and Romanian present interests. The Romanian Researchers have considered an important connection to Italy because of both countries’ latin root. The first attempt of establishing such institution took place in 1914, but because of the war, the idea was abandoned. There were new attempts in 1917and 1918. In 1920, Nicolae Iorga, as a deputy, proposed a law to found Romanian Superior Schools: one of Archeological Studies and the other of History and Filology and Belle Arte at Rome and Paris. -
293 Radiocarbon and Stable
RADIOCARBON, Vol 46, Nr 1, 2004, p 293–300 © 2004 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona RADIOCARBON AND STABLE ISOTOPE EVIDENCE OF DIETARY CHANGE FROM THE MESOLITHIC TO THE MIDDLE AGES IN THE IRON GATES: NEW RESULTS FROM LEPENSKI VIR C Bonsall1,2 • G T Cook3 • R E M Hedges4 • T F G Higham4 • C Pickard1 • I RadovanoviÊ5 ABSTRACT. A previous radiocarbon dating and stable isotope study of directly associated ungulate and human bone samples from Late Mesolithic burials at Schela Cladovei in Romania established that there is a freshwater reservoir effect of approximately 500 yr in the Iron Gates reach of the Danube River valley in southeast Europe. Using the δ15N values as an indicator of the percentage of freshwater protein in the human diet, the 14C data for 24 skeletons from the site of Lepenski Vir were corrected for this reservoir effect. The results of the paired 14C and stable isotope measurements provide evidence of substantial dietary change over the period from about 9000 BP to about 300 BP. The data from the Early Mesolithic to the Chalcolithic are consistent with a 2-component dietary system, where the linear plot of isotopic values reflects mixing between the 2 end-members to differing degrees. Typically, the individuals of Mesolithic age have much heavier δ15N signals and slightly heavier δ13C, while individuals of Early Neolithic and Chalcolithic age have lighter δ15N and δ13C values. Contrary to our earlier suggestion, there is no evidence of a substantial population that had a transitional diet midway between those that were characteristic of the Mesolithic and Neolithic. -
Landmarks of Historical Development in Drobeta-Turnu Severin
Review of Historical Geography and Toponomastics, vol. VIII, no. 15-16, 2013, pp. 83-93 LANDMARKS OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN DROBETA-TURNU SEVERIN Mirabela PETCULESCU PhD Student, Geography Doctoral Studies School, West University of Timişoara, Timiş County, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Landmarks of Historical Development in Drobeta-Turnu Severin. Drobeta-Turnu Severin, also named the "bridge between Central Europe and the Near East, between Northern Europe and the Mediterranean World", is according to Mihai Butnariu in his Monograph Of Drobeta- Turnu Severin the "key to Europe and the Balkans" (1998:5). This metaphoric key opened here, at Drobeta Turnu-Severin, the "Iron Gates "for water and for the people, the gates which were opened during the Antiquity period for the Traian Emperor and the Roman culture, representing the beginning of the Romanian nation. Nature and history have bestowed to the Mehedinti county as a part of the Carpathian-danubian-pontic space certainfeatures which also can be registred across the whole territory of our homeland. Its geographical position has enabled the development of the city, by being a border point and a crossroads point even starting fromthe ancient times. The historical and the investigation conducted during this review are closely related to past research, the database was extended through the collection of information from locals, experts and decision makers, by confirming or disproving the previous assumptions. Rezumat: Repere ale evoluţiei istorice în Drobeta-Turnu Severin. Drobeta-Turnu Severin, botezat puntea de legătură între centrul European şi Orientul Apropiat, între nordul continentului şi lumea mediteraneană, deţine după cum spune Mihai Butnariu, în lucrarea Monografia Municipiului Drobeta-Turnu Severin, „cheia Europei şi a Balcanilor“ (1998, pag. -
Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Carpathian Basin and the Spread of Agriculture in Europe
Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Carpathian Basin and the Spread of Agriculture in Europe By William J. Eichmann .................................................................................. University of Wisconsin, Madison Archaeological Institute of the [email protected] Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1014, Úri u. 49, Budapest Advisers: Dr. Eszter Bánffy and Dr. Róbert Kertész .................................................................................. Seminal research in the 1970’s resulted in the recognition that events in Transdanubia (western Hungary) during the 6th millennium B.C. were pivotal to the spread of agriculture to north central Europe. Two perspectives have figured prominently in the debate: 1) agriculture was directly spread by migrating agricultural populations; and 2) agriculture spread through the adoption of agricultural practices by indigenous hunter- gatherer populations. In Hungary the spread of agriculture has primarily been approached from the perspective of the first farmers (Neolithic). Limited archaeological evidence from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers during the Early Holocene (~10,000-6,000 B.C.) in the Carpathian Basin has made it difficult to consider their role in the entire process. It is argued that the complex process of agricultural spread may be more comprehensible if research is specifically directed toward identifying long term evolutionary trends in Mesolithic hunter-gatherer society. This paper provides a summary of extant evidence from the Mesolithic and Neolithic in Hungary, with an emphasis on Transdanubia, and presents some of the preliminary results of recent research on the Mesolithic. Introduction The prehistoric spread of agriculture B.C. the first agricultural societies was the impetus for one of the most (Neolithic) in Europe appeared in significant reorganizations of human Greece, and by the early 4th millennium society. -
Ancient Pigs Reveal a Near-Complete Genomic Turnover Following Their Introduction to Europe
This is a repository copy of Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/150689/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Frantz, Laurent A F, Haile, James, Lin, Audrey T et al. (97 more authors) (2019) Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. pp. 17231-17238. ISSN 1091-6490 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901169116 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES: Anthropology 2 3 Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to 4 Europe 5 6 Authors 7 Laurent A.F. Frantz1,2,a,*, James Haile2,*, Audrey T. Lin2,3,*, Amelie Scheu4, Christina Geörg4, 8 Norbert Benecke5, Michelle Alexander6, Anna Linderholm2,7, Victoria E. -
LEPENSKI VIR and VINCA the Ancient Time in Europe
LEPENSKI VIR AND VINCA The Ancient Time in Europe By Svetlana Jovanov Submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements of HY 103 30 November 2004 University of Alabama, Huntsville Kenneth B. Moore, Instructor Introduction Lepenski Vir and Vinca are two different archeological settlements in the Danube area in the Balkans of southeastern Europe. Lepenski Vir is one of many settlements in the so called the Iron Gate, or Djerdap Gorge, which is 130 km long. Settlements almost belong to the Mesolithic and early Neolithic culture and existed between 9500 B.C. and 6200 B.C. Some of the settlements are older, like Cuina Turcului I (Romania) show radiometric dates1 of 12600 ± 129 B.P.2 Vinca is the a Neolithic settlement from the 6th millennium B.C. also in Danube valley, in a fertile area. Scientists believe that the Starcevo complex (Lepenski Vir, Padina, Cuina Turcului, etc.) developed and spread in a new cultural configuration called Vinca complex.3 Researches made in the last few decades in southeast Europe, changed traditional views about so called hunting-gathering societies in Europe and show the earliest evidence of food production in southeast Europe about the 7th millennium B.C. Lepenski Vir and Vinca are only two of many places discovered in the last few decades. Some of discovered settlements are very old and became to the Paleolithic and Terminal Pleistocene4 like Cuina Turcului I and Climente I and II (all of them are discovered in the Iron Gate, see Fig. 1 and 2). Increase of the population started cultural development and social differentiation. -
New Data on the Archaeological Obsidians from the Banat and Transylvania (Romania)
miChela spaTaro and paolo Biagi (edited by) A Short Walk through the Balkans: the First Farmers of the Carpathian Basin and Adjacent Regions Società Preistoria Protostoria Friuli-V.G., Trieste, Quaderno 12, 2007: 129-148 PAOLO BIAGI∗, BERNARD GRATUZE∗∗ and SOPHIE BOUCETTA∗∗ NEW DATA ON THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBSIDIANS FROM THE BANAT AND TRANSYLVANIA (ROMANIA) SUMMARY - New data on the archaeological obsidians from the Banat and Transylvania (Romania). This paper deals with the study of a limited number of obsidian artefacts from the earliest FTN Criş sites of the Banat and Transylvania. The first impression is that the first FTN farmers, who settled in the region at the turn of the 8th millennium uncal BP, had a limited local supply of bad quality lithic raw materials. The pioneer search for workable stones, north of the maximum spread of the FTN, led to the discovery of the Slovak (Cejkov e Kašov: Carpathian 1) and Hungarian (Mád: Carpathian 2E), Tokaj deposits, which both started to be exploited on a very small scale. The pattern began to vary during the successive stages of the FTN and, more dramatically, since the beginning of the Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture. From this time on, the Slovak sources started to be more intensively exploited, as indicated by the recovery of a greater number of unretouched artefacts and functional tools, and the first of trans-Carpathian Volhynian flints to be imported. RIASSUNTO - Nuovi dati sulle ossidiane dei siti archeologici del Banat e della Transilvania (Romania). Il presente lavoro riguarda lo studio di un gruppo limitato di manufatti di ossidiana provenienti da siti del Neolitico più antico del Banat e della Transilvania ap- partenenti al gruppo culturale di Criş. -
Villages Before Houses? the Neolithization of Europe Reconsidered Through the Concept of the Household, in Chapdelaine C., Burke A., Gernigon K
Villages before houses ? The neolithization of Europe reconsidered through the concept of the household Karim Gernigon To cite this version: Karim Gernigon. Villages before houses ? The neolithization of Europe reconsidered through the concept of the household. P@lethnologie, Presses universitaires du Midi, 2017, Household Archaeology – A Transatlantic Comparative Approach, 8. hal-02074949 HAL Id: hal-02074949 https://hal-univ-tlse2.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02074949 Submitted on 21 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GROUPE DE RECHERCHE ARCHÉOSCIENCE / ARCHÉOSOCIALE UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL Proceedings of the International Symposium, October 24-25 2014 2016 # 8 http://www.palethnologie.org ISSN 2108-6532 directed by HOUSEHOLD ARCHAEOLOGY Claude CHAPDELAINE A Transatlantic Comparative Approach Adrian L. BURKE Karim GERNIGON Revue bilingue de Préhistoire Bilingual review of prehistory Revue bilingue de Préhistoire Bilingual review of prehistory Review published by the P@lethnologie association, created and Translation supported by -
Asociaţia Română De Arheologie
The Romanian Mesolithic and the transition to farming. A case study: the Iron Gates Adina BORONEANŢ*, Alexandru DINU** Rezumat: Tranziţia de la economia de vânători-culegători la agricultură a căpătat în ultimele decenii o importanţă deosebită. Cercetarea cu un caracter complex, prin implicarea unui număr mare de discipline, a făcut posibilă re-evaluarea unor concepte mai vechi, dar a ridicat şi noi probleme şi controverse. Cu o cantitate de informaţie în continuă creştere, din diverse părţi ale lumii, a devenit evident că agricultura s-a dezvoltat independent în mai multe regiuni ale globului decât se credea mai înainte şi că procesul de difuzie care a urmat a fost mult mai complex decât se credea. Un număr din ce în ce mai mare de arheologi acceptă acum aportul populaţiei pre-neolitice la acest proces. Implicaţiile sociale şi ideologice asociate adopţiei agriculturii au devenit mai clare, fiind corelate cauzal cu schimbările economice. În ciuda acestui fapt, întrebări precum de ce apare agricultura şi cum se răspândeşte au rămas în mare măsură fără răspuns. Din nefericire, cunoaşterea modalităţilor de răspândire a agriculturii a fost limitată de o prea puţină cunoaştere a perioadei mezolitice. Această situaţie continuă să persiste în multe părţi ale continentului. Cea mai mare parte a datelor şi studiilor vin din nordul Europei unde au fost descoperite şi studiate amănunţit numeroase situri mezolitice. Pe de altă parte, sărăcia siturilor din sudul şi sud-estul Europei a făcut ca mezoliticul de la Porţile de Fier ale Dunării, din România, să capete o importanţă deosebită. Articolul de faţă îşi propune să readucă în atenţie câteva dintre problemele tranziţiei de la mezolitic la neolitic în sud-estul Europei, cu particularizare pe cazul Porţilor de Fier ale Dunării. -
Alexandru DRAGOMAN*
Texte, discursuri şi ideologie în cercetarea (e)neoliticului din România Alexandru DRAGOMAN* Abstract: In the present article I intended to point out some aspects of archaeological practice in communist and post-communist Romania which I think deserve more attention than has been paid to them so far, with special reference to the (E)Neolithic period. The first part of the paper deals with the dominant discourse („the scientific discourse”), its proponents and its beneficiaries; in other words, the policy pursued by the academic world, and the power relationships within the branch under consideration. The second part discusses the relationships between the archaeologists’ approach and the socio-political context, as well as the consequences deriving thereof. Based on Christopher Tilley’s opinion (1990, p. 14) that in an analysis of archaeological texts it is possible to distinguish between discourses aimed at perpetuating domination and discourses opposing to it, I maintain that all forms of „scientific discourse” amount to a strategy used either to preserve and perpetuate the control exercised over archaeology by the existing academic elites, or to secure privileged positions within the already established hierarchy. The major means of persuasion in this competition for power is the use of terms with a strong symbolic content, such as „science/scientific”, „scientist”, „inter- or multi-disciplinary”. In short, „the scientific discourse” is the ideology of the academic elites. Following Louis Althusser (1970, p. 59 ff.) I think that ideology is not a tool the elites concerned use deliberately in order to reach their aim. They believe in their own ideology and this provides them with moral authority. -
The Materiality of Dung> the Manipulation of Dung in Neolithic
UDK 903.28ı14(292.46)"633\634">636 Documenta Praehistorica XXXVI (2009) The materiality of dung> the manipulation of dung in Neolithic Mediterranean caves Dimitrij Mleku/ Ghent University, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Department of Archaeology and ancient history of Europe, BE [email protected] ABSTRACT – This paper discusses the formation of layers of burnt herbivore dung in Neolithic, Eneo- lithic and Bronze Age Mediterranean caves. While these layers are clearly connected with transhu- mant pastoralism and the practice of keeping herds in the caves, their formation should not be seen as the result of purely practical and ‘rational’ reasons. In this paper, I develop an argument that they are remnants of a complex manipulation of substances which includes burning dung to make white ash. Thus instead of seeing dung as a culturally neutral refuse which has to be disposed of, we might see its burning and deposition as the cultural manipulation of potent substance. IZVLE∞EK – ∞lanek se ukvarja z nastankom plasti se∫ganega ∫ivalskega gnoja v neolitiku, eneolitiku in bronasti dobi v jamah Sredozemlja. Te plasti so nedvomno povezane s transhumantnim pa∏ni∏t- vom in prakso zapiranja ∫ivali v jame, a njihovega nastanka ne moremo pripisati zgolj prakti≠nim in ‘racionalnim’ razlogom. ∞lanek razvija argument, da so te plasti rezulat kompleksnega manipu- liranja s snovmi, ki vklju≠uje tudi se∫ig gnoja in njegovo transformacijo v bel pepel. Gnoj ni bil kul- turno nevtralen odpad, ki se ga je potrebno znebiti; premikanje, se∫ig in odlaganje pepela je potreb- no razumeti kot kulturno manipulacijo potencialno mo≠ne substance.