46 Wards of Kthmandu Valley VCA Report

Nepal Red Cross Society

Disaster Management Department Central Office Kathmandu, Nepal

Earthquake Preparedness for Safer Communities Programme Report on VULNERABILITY & CAPACITY ASSESSMENT In 46 Wards of Kathmandu valley

Bhktapur Madhya Thimi Kathmandu Kirtipur Lalitpur Sub Municipality Municipality Metropolitan city Municipality Municipality Ward No. 2 Ward No. 3 Ward No. 2 Ward No. 8 Ward No. 1 Ward No. 5 Ward No. 6 Ward No. 10 Ward No. 9 Ward No. 3 Ward No. 7 Ward No. 8 Ward No. 12 Ward No. 11 Ward No. 6 Ward No. 8 Ward No. 10 Ward No. 15 Ward No. 6 Ward No. 7 Ward No. 9 Ward No. 14 Ward No. 16 Ward No. 8 Ward No. 12 Ward No. 16 Ward No. 18 Ward No. 9 Ward No. 13 Ward No. 21 Ward No. 11 Ward No. 14 Ward No. 23 Ward No. 12 Ward No. 27 Ward No. 13 Ward No. 28 Ward No. 16 Ward No. 29 Ward No. 18 Ward No. 30 Ward No. 20 Ward No. 31 Ward No. 21 Ward No. 34

Contents:

1. Background Information 3 2. Prevalent Risks and Hazards 3 3. Vulnerability Condition 4 4. Existing Capacities and Coping Mechanisms 5 5. Key Findings 5 6. Recommendations: 7 7. Annex: · Table 1: Hazard Matrix 8 · Table 2 Historical Profile (Timeline of Disaster) 28 · Table 3: Vulnerability Matrix 31 · Table 4: Capacity Matrix 47 · Table 5: Seasonal Calender 66 · Details of Vulnerability 68 · Table 6: Stakeholder analysis 69 · Table 7: Livelihood matrix 81 · Table 8: Problem and Solution Matrix 83 · Table 9:Disaster Ranking Matrix 94 · Model of Problem Tree 95

Background Information:

Kathmandu Valley is in the Central region and consists of three districts, Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur, which include One Metropolitan, One Sub Metropolitan and three municipalities, namely Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Madhyapur Thimi and Kirtipur respectively. The Vulnerable and capacity Assessment (VCA) was conducted in 46 wards in these cities of Kathmandu valley. In Kathmandu Metropolitan city 14 wards (2,10,12,15,16,18,21,23,27,28,29,30,31 and 34), in Kirtipur Municipality 4 wards (8,9,11 and 16), in Bhktapur Municipality 8 wards (5,7,8,9,12,13, 14 and 16), in Madhya Thimi Municipality 6 wards (3,6,8,10,14 and 16) and in Lalitpur Sub Metropolitan city 13 wards (1,3,6,7,8,9,11,12,13,16,20,21 and 22) were selected to conduct VCA survey in which Earthquake Preparedness for Safer Community Programme (EPC) programme was implemented by Nepal Red Cross Society. The total population of 46 wards covered by EPC programme is 576,172 in which 273,204 (47.4%) are Female and 320,968 (52.5%) are male based on the base line survey conducted by the EPC Programme. In the Bhaktapur District, 8 wards are covered with EPC programme. There are total 58,810 individuals in which 29,833 are female and 28,977 are male. The average Households recorded is 442. Similarly in 14 wards of Kathmandu District, there are 4, 19,431 individuals in which 1, 91,323 are female and 2, 28,108 are male occupying 8494 Households in average. Similarly in 13 wards of Lalitpur district, there are 97,931 individuals with 52,048 female and 45,883 male. The average household is 1588. The average disable persons in these 46 Wards are 14. The average altitude of the Kathmandu valley is 1320 m ranging from 1200 to 2300 m from MSL and found warm temperate climate. In the Kathmandu Valley (46 wards) , which is representative of its valley's climate, the average summer temperature varies from 28–32 °C and the winter temperature goes to minus 2°C. Rainfall is mostly monsoon-based (June- August). The average rainfall in Kathmandu valley calculated is 1400 mm. The majority of people from these Wards are Newar, followed by Chhetri, Bramhan and Dalit, Sarki, Magar as a minority. But now many ethnic groups are migrating from other districts of Nepal and found mixed ethnic groups in Kathmandu valley. Hindu and Buddhist is the main religion with Christian as a minor found in theses Wards of Kathmandu Valley. These Wards have no more rivers and stream but the main source of water is supplied by Government, deep tub well boring, shallow wells and springs. Most of the people are involved in agriculture and Business as the main livelihood, supplemented daily labor, carpenter, Service, and foreign job. The income from agriculture is not sufficient for the whole year due to different disasters. The agricultural land is being converted into a concrete jungle, Even though the Government of Nepal implemented a Land use plan but not strictly applied. The space allocated for the emergency evacuation are also encroaching rapidly. Prevalent Risks and Hazards Kathmandu valley faces a numerous disasters including Natural as well as manmade. From the response during survey, the major Natural disasters experienced by 46 Wards of Kathmandu valley were earthquake followed by fire and the minor disasters as landslide and storm. The effect of flood is very low. The manmade disasters recorded are epidemic and road accident. Theses disasters may happen in the future if the appropriate risk reduction measures are not planned and implemented. The perception of the community people are based on their previous experience and the expected disaster may happen in the futures.

The prevalent disaster that responded from the community people from 46 Wards of Kathmandu Valley is Earthquake. The major reasons of the huge destruction in the Kathmandu valley will be geophysical condition, unmanaged construction of houses ignoring the implementation of earthquake measures and communities’ traditional perception about the earthquake. In the 46 Wards, most of the houses are old, weak in construction, constructed with mud mortar and attached with each other. The elder people experienced the earthquake disaster occurred in B.S 1990 and saw the devastating hazards caused many lives and destroyed huge property. It is forecasted that even huge earthquake disaster will happen in future that will destroy 60% of the lives and 80% of the physical property. The second prevalent disaster is fire. Fire is recurring disaster caused by mainly negligence of the people and short circuit of electricity. These fires cause economic losses and environmental degradation throwing dedicates ecosystems out of balance. It is also threatening valuable and endangered flora and fauna, degrading the soil and inducing flood and landslide. Most of the houses are old having CGI sheet and mud tile roofs which are susceptible to fire. Some houses are found thatch roof. These houses are built in a group and continuously attached. Though, the inhabitants were using fire wood and thatch as cooking materials, now most of them changed their habits and are using LPG gas and electricity. Lack of knowledge and skills to operate these equipment’s, fire disaster may happen. Another reason of fire disaster is the old electric wiring and heavy storm in the months of March to May. The third major and frequent, manmade disaster occur in the Kathmandu valley is road accident. The urbanization of the Wards adjacent to the Kathmandu valley is in rapid which demanded the transport facilities. The vehicles are being imported in Kathmandu valley in huge number. Lack of length of road network, unmanaged Traffic operation, and narrow width of road could not accommodate the huge number of vehicles. Even though, the drivers and pedestrian’s attitude do not change. The driver drives fast in any situation and pedestrian cross the road without seeing the approaching vehicles. The fourth major manmade disaster is epidemic as identified from the response of the community people from 46 Wards. The main reason of the epidemic is the supply of turbid water in rainy season and use of water from well, spring and deep tube well. The dysentery and diarrhea is common in the rainy season in these areas. Other epidemic disease is the burning of eye (conjunctivitis) when the climate changes abruptly. Generally in dry season the disease spread in a community. Vulnerability Condition The elements at risk due to Natural and Manmade disaster identified by the community people of 46 Wards are Human, Physical, infrastructures, organizational and attitudinal vulnerability. The physical and infrastructural vulnerability observed in the community are prevalent by the social, Organizational and attitudinal vulnerability factors. Earthquake disaster affects full range of loss from royalty to poor. Earthquake treats every one equally. However, the poor and disadvantage group of the society are the most vulnerable. It is necessary to bring these communities in the groups so that they can collectively involve in the risk reduction. The Wards have physical and organizational capacity to cope the disasters but there coverage area is very less. The main occupation of the community people is agriculture having productive soil but

4 they are using traditional method leads to the less production. It is analyzed that the community have many organizations and cooperative but they are working in small area and targeted to a specific group of the community for the specific purpose. They are not using the fund in the Disaster preparedness. To improve the capacity to cope with the disaster and reduce the risk, it is essential to organize the community in a group. The community groups and organizations in disaster management are essential in sustaining the risk reduction process for the community to meet intended aims and targets. The formation and strengthening of community disaster response, organizations or community disaster management volunteer’s team is the key to mobilizing communities for sustainable disaster risk reduction. The community people are aware about some of the early warning system of disaster. Observing abnormal behavior of the animals and twittering loudly of the birds indicates approaching earthquake disaster. During the earthquake, the people shouted for help and rush to the open area. However, the people have many misconceptions in their mind which makes them vulnerable. This is due to the lack of knowledge and education about the disasters. Even the well-educated individual, owner of the building acquires plot of land, organize, manage and supervise house construction in the absence of experienced technical professionals ignoring introduction of earthquake resistance measures. This makes the house vulnerable to the earthquake. This is due to the lack of awareness and knowledge. Therefore, the vulnerable people should be prepared with the knowledge and skills through the trainings and development of their capacity to cope with the disaster and change their perception about the disasters.

Existing Capacities and Coping Mechanisms:

The communities have more or less capacities and coping mechanisms against disasters. The primary factor of the capacity of the community people is the human resource. There are some organizations; Government, schools, I/NGOs and CBOs but there impact in the disaster risk reduction is insignificant. The community person mainly depends on the agricultural for their livelihood supplemented by business, service, daily wages etc. for securing their needs for a whole year. They are capable to cope with the disaster in some extent but due to the lack of awareness they are not taking it seriously. They have money enough to change their CGI roof or mud tile roof into RCC roof to cope from the storm disaster, but they don’t give any consideration on it. The community people in these Wards are predominant by their traditional perception which makes the people more vulnerable against the disaster. They are hopefully depends on the external sources to get the help to cope with disaster. Their capacity is only limited to rescue operation. It is observed that when the disaster occurs then the people alert themselves and start volunteering for the rescues rather than involving themselves in preparedness for any kind of disaster. Now the Government has managed to strengthen the capacity of VDC office with some rescue materials which is insufficient for the huge disaster. Some Social organization like Nepal Red Cross Society has established its branch in many Wards and helping to cope the disaster in some extent.

However, the poor and disadvantage community people are very much dependent on external help to cope with the prevailing hazards due to weak economic and livelihood opportunities. They become more vulnerable, due to the imbalance between the existing vulnerability and their capacity.

Key Findings: 1. The community people are not aware of earthquake resisted house due to lack of knowledge.

2. The houses are constructed in haphazard manner, attached with each other’s and densely populated. The houses are not strong enough, made with mud mortar and having CGI and mud Tile roof. The people are not complaining with building codes. They are not capable to adopt modern or appropriate technology that provide pre- information and warning about the possible natural disasters.

3. The productive agricultural land is being converted in to concrete jungle and open space is encroached which is valuable for the evacuation during disaster. The forest gets deforestation and leads environmental degradation. 4. The community people have misconception about the theory of earthquake and other disasters. 5. In most houses the electric wiring is deteriorated and needs new wiring. 6. The people are changing the cooking materials from fire wood and thatch with LPG gas, electricity but carelessness handling due to insufficient knowledge. 7. The roads of the community have narrow width, number of vehicles increasing day by day exceeding the carrying capacity of road. 8. Though there are traffic rules and regulations, the driver drives the vehicles in speed. 9. The community lacks safe drinking water which causes the epidemics and communicable diseases. 10. Majority of the households are classified by the community as poor. 11. Despite domestic fires being seen as one of the hazard with wider coverage and frequent, no firefighting training and fire units have been established in the community. The station of the fire brigades are far. 12. The supply of drinking water by the government is rare. The people have to depend upon existing spring, well and deep tubes well boring but these are not systematic and hygienic. 13. The exhibition of IEC materials related with Disaster and health must be included in the planning to reflect the hazards in the community. 14. In majority of the houses in the community have toilets which eliminated the open defecation and make the environment clean. 15. The community DRM plan needs to address small scale disaster-related problems through community mobilization and requires regular simulation; the community should be involved in the planning process and should be aware of the contents of the plan. The poor people and marginalized, disadvantage people are encouraged to participate. 16. Income opportunities options should be analyzed and strengthened accordingly. 17. Evacuation routes and sites must be identified to evacuate people during events of disaster occurrence. 18. While planning the development of the ward by the ward office, the disaster risk reduction should be mainstreaming in the development plan. The planner never appraise natural disasters while selecting development projects.

Recommendations:

· The outcome of this VCA report must be communicated to all stakeholders through the coordination meeting inviting community people and duty bearers. It is also shared to the VDC, DDC and other Governmental agencies including NGOs. CBOs so that the mitigation measures can be corporate in the annual plan of the respective VDC. · Develop the disaster risk management plan, aiming to mobilize optimum resources of the community and external support from the programme and the government. · The emergency fund must be established which helps in preparedness of disaster. · There is need of strengthening opportunity for livelihood. From the VCA report it is observed that after any disaster the community people felt that the livelihood options were terminated. It is necessary to strengthen their livelihood opportunity to recover from disaster. In this regard, Cooperative, bank or insurance company can help the victims. · The coping mechanism should be included in the disaster Management Plan. It is seen that the Disaster Management Plan is much more focused on structural management rather than people’s participation. The Disaster Management plan must include the community capabilities to deal with the disaster. · There is need of rising awareness of the community on the impact of disaster. The IEC materials, Trainings, Visual aids can improve the awareness of the households which eliminates the misconception about the disaster. · There is strictly need of introduction of building codes in the community. The house construction should be allowed to supervise by the Engineer ensuring the introduction of disaster resistant measures. · After the Disaster, the more vulnerable groups are poor, marginalized and disadvantage. Government should give more preferential attention in terms of assistance to these people.

Table 1: Hazard Matrix (hazard ranked according to the community perception of risk)

VDC Warning Speed of Impact of hazard to Hazard Type Frequency Duration Element at risk Ward sign onset the elements at risk · Death · People, 805 families · Injury · 70% Physical- Water Abnormal · Displace sources & distribution behavior of · Destruction of pipes- Well, Physical birds and House, Materials, Houses, 1/3rd Animals ( Less than infrastructures Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time of Land Barking of 1 minute · 505 Infrastructures- dogs, Birds Road, Communication, tweeters Health sub post, School, loudly Markets & Shop · Livelihood KTM · 300 Death Metro- · People · 350 Injure 2 · Some Physical- Schools, · Displace water supply, electricity Depend · Burnt Physical March obstruction, Fire Manmade Smoke Fast on property -Houses, ,April- · Some Infrastructures- situation Physical Materials · 1% Livelihood · Burn Infrastructures

· People · Jaundice, Diarrhea Depends June-July- · Physical- Water sources and dysentery Epidemic Manmade sick Fast upon August contaminated, · 600 Death, 249 sick situation · close of schools

· 8000 Death · People, · 20000 Injury Abnormal · Physical- Water sources · Displace behavior of & distribution pipes- · Destruction of birds and Well, Physical Materials, House, Animals ( Less than Houses, 1/3rd of Land Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time infrastructures Barking of 1 minute · Infrastructures- Road,

dogs, Birds Communication, Health tweeters sub post, School, KTM loudly Markets & Shop Metro- · 100% Livelihood 10 · 5000 Death · 18000 People · Injury · Some Physical- Schools, · Displace water supply, electricity Depend · Burnt Physical March obstruction, Fire Manmade Smoke Fast on property -Houses, ,April- · Some Infrastructures- situation Physical Materials · 1% Livelihood · Burn Infrastructures · 1800 Death · People, · 3800 Injury Abnormal · Physical- Water sources · Displace behavior of & distribution pipes- · Destruction of birds and Well, Physical Materials, KTM House, Animals ( Less than Houses, 1/3rd of Land Metro- Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time infrastructures Barking of 1 minute · 60% Infrastructures- 12 dogs, Birds Road, Communication, tweeters Health sub post, School, loudly Markets & Shop · 100% Livelihood

· 280 Death · 600 People · Injure · Some Physical- Schools, · Displace water supply, electricity Depend · Burnt Physical March obstruction,150 Fire Manmade smoke Fast on property -Houses, ,April- Households situation Physical Materials · Some Infrastructures- · Burn · 1% Livelihood Infrastructures · 2 Death/ injury/ - · 15 People People, Livestock · Physical-Livestock, · Demolish of Physical Physical Materials, property -Houses, Depend Water sources, 95 March Physical Materials, Storm Natural Dry weather Fast on Households ,April-May Communication, situation · Infrastructures- Obstruct road, felling Communication, Health, of tree, electric poles School, Markets & Shop · Fire · Livelihood · Jaundice, Diarrhea · 300 People Depend and dysentery June-July- · Physical- Water sources Epidemic Manmade sickness Fast on · 21 Death, 249 sick August contaminated, situation · close of schools

· 4000 Death · People, · 38000 Injury Abnormal · Physical- Water sources · Displace behavior of & distribution pipes- · Destruction of birds and Well, Physical Materials, House, Animals ( Less than Houses, 1/3rd of Land Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time infrastructures Barking of a minute · 60% Infrastructures-

dogs, Birds Road, Communication, tweeters Health sub post, School, loudly Markets & Shop · 100% Livelihood · 350 Death · People · 450 Injure · Some Physical- Schools, Depends · 15% Displace March water supply, electricity Fire Manmade smoke Fast upon · Burnt Physical ,April- obstruction, KTM property -Houses, situation · Some Infrastructures- Metro- Physical Materials · 1% Livelihood 15 · Burn Infrastructures · 600 Death/ 100 · People burn/ -People · Physical-Livestock, · Livestock Physical Materials, · Burnt/ Demolish of Depends Water sources, 95 March Physical property - Storm Natural Wind blowing Fast upon Households ,April-May Houses, Physical situation · Infrastructures- Materials Communication, Health, · Fire School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Jaundice, Diarrhea · 300 People Depends and dysentery June-July- · Physical- Water sources, Epidemic Manmade sick Fast upon · 55 Death, 49 sick August · 30 Household, situation · close of schools

· 30000 Death Abnormal · People · 50000 Injury KTM behavior of · Physical- Water sources Less than · Displace Metro- Earthquake Natural birds and Fast Any Time & distribution pipes- a minute · Destruction of House, 16 Animals ( Well, Physical Materials, infrastructures Barking of Houses, 1/3rd of Land

dogs, Birds · Infrastructures- Road, tweeters Communication, Health loudly sub post, School, Markets & Shop · 100% Livelihood · 500 Death · 2200 People · 1000 Injure · Some Physical- Schools, · Displace Depends water supply, electricity March · Burnt Physical Fire Manmade smoke Fast upon obstruction ,April- property -Houses, situation · Some Infrastructures- Physical Materials · 5% Livelihood · Burn Infrastructures · 300 Death/ 150 · People burn/ -People · Physical-Livestock, · Burnt/ Demolish of Physical Materials, Depends Physical property - March Water sources, Houses Storm Natural Wind blowing Fast upon Houses, Physical ,April-May · Infrastructures- situation Materials Communication, Health, · Fire School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Jaundice, Diarrhea · 10000 People and dysentery Depends · Physical- Water sources, June-July- · 100 Death Epidemic Manmade sick Fast upon · Household, August · 1000 Households, situation close of schools · 500 Death · People · 1500 Injury Abnormal · Physical- Water sources · Displace behavior of & distribution pipes- · Destruction of birds and Any Time Well, Physical Materials, House, Animals ( Repetition Less than Houses, 1/3rd of Land Earthquake Natural Fast infrastructures Barking of in 50 years a minute · Infrastructures- Road, · dogs, Birds me Communication, Health tweeters sub post, School, loudly) Markets & Shop · 100% Livelihood · 500 Death · 2200 People · 1000 Injury · Some Physical- Schools, · Displace Depends water supply, electricity KTM · Burnt Physical Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon obstruction Metro- property -Houses, situation · Some Infrastructures- 18 Physical Materials · 5% Livelihood · Burn Infrastructures · Jaundice, Diarrhea · 800 People and dysentery · 4% Physical- Water · 100 Death Depends sources, June-July- · close of schools Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow upon August · Itching, watering of situation eyes (conjunctivitis)

· Blind · 5 Death · People · 60 Injury Road Less than · Physical- vehicle Manmade Speed Fast Any Time · Damage of Physical Accident a minute damaged Materials · Some Infrastructures · 1500 Death Abnormal Any Time · People KTM · 3800 Injury behavior of Repetition Less than · Physical- Water sources Metro- Earthquake Natural Fast · Displace birds and in 50 years a minute & distribution pipes- 23 · Demolition of Animals ( me 25% Well, 85% Physical

Barking of Materials, Houses, 1/3rd House, dogs, Birds of Land infrastructures tweeters · Infrastructures- 60% · Fire loudly) Road, 80% Communication, 50% Health sub post, School, Markets & Shop · 100% Livelihood · 280 Death · 400 People · Injure · Some Physical- Schools · 5% Displace · Some Infrastructures Depends · Burnt Physical · 1% Livelihood Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon property -Houses, situation Physical Materials · Burn Infrastructures · Jaundice, Diarrhea · People and dysentery · 55% Physical- Water · 21 Death Depends sources, 155 Household, June-July- · 244 infected with Epidemic Manmade sick Slow upon August diseases situation · Itching, watering of eyes (conjunctivitis) · Blind · 2000 Death · People · 2800 Injury Abnormal · Physical- Water sources · Including Injured behavior of & distribution pipes- Displace birds and Well, Physical Materials, · Destruction of Animals ( Less than Houses, 1/3rd of Land Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time House, Barking of a minute · Infrastructures- Road, infrastructures dogs, Birds Communication, Health

tweeters sub post, School, loudly Markets & Shop · 100% Livelihood · 250 Death · People · 350 Injure · Some Physical- Schools, · Including injured water supply, electricity Depends Displace March obstruction Fire Manmade smoke Fast upon · Burnt Physical KTM ,April- · Some Infrastructures- situation property -Houses, Metro- · 1% Livelihood 27 Physical Materials · Burn Infrastructures · 60 Death/ 100 · 1400 People, burn/ -People · Physical-Livestock, · Burnt/ Demolish of Physical Materials, Depend Physical property - March Water sources, Houses Storm Natural Wind blowing Fast on Houses, Physical ,April-May · Infrastructures- situation Materials Communication, Health, · Fire School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Jaundice, Diarrhea · 300 People , 75 families Depends and dysentery June-July- · Physical- Water sources, Epidemic Manmade sick Fast upon · 51 Death August situation · 249 Households, close of schools · 6600 Death KTM Abnormal · People Less than · 13000 Injury Metro- Earthquake Natural behavior of Fast Any Time · Physical- Water sources a minute · Including injured 28 birds and & distribution pipes-

Animals ( Well, Physical Materials, Displace Barking of Houses, 2 Ha of Land · Demolition of dogs, Birds · Infrastructures- 60% House, tweeters Road, 80% infrastructures loudly Communication, 50% · Fire Health sub post, School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood

· People · Death · some Families · Injury Road Less than Manmade speed Fast Any Time · Physical- Schools · Damage of Physical Accident a minute · Infrastructures Materials

10% Livelihood · 2400 Death · People · 6000 Injury Abnormal · Physical- Water sources · 15000 Displace behavior of & distribution pipes- · Demolition of birds and Well, Physical Materials, House, Animals ( Less than Houses, 580 Ha of Land Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time infrastructures Barking of a minute · Infrastructures-Road, · Fire dogs, Birds Communication, 1 tweeters Health sub post, School, loudly Markets & Shop · Livelihood KTM · 12 Death · 700 People Metro- · 500 Injure · Physical- Schools 29 · Displace Depends · Infrastructures Natural or March, · Burnt Physical Fire smoke Fast upon · Livelihood Manmade April property -Houses, situation Physical Materials · Burn Infrastructures · 15 Death · People Depends · 60 Injury Road · Damage Physical Manmade speed Fast Any Time upon · Damage of Physical Accident Materials situation Materials

· 1800 Death · 18000 People · 12000 Injury Abnormal · Physical- Water sources · Displace behavior of & distribution pipes- · Demolition of birds and Well, Physical Materials, House, Animals ( Less than Houses, 1084 Ha of Land Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time infrastructures Barking of a minute · Infrastructures-Road, · Fire dogs, Birds Communication, 1 tweeters Health sub post, School, KTM loudly Markets & Shop Metro- · 100% Livelihood 30 · 100 Death · 18000 People · 1000 Injure · Physical- Schools · Displace Depends · Infrastructures Natural or March, · Burnt Physical Fire smoke Fast upon · 2% Livelihood Manmade April property -Houses, situation Physical Materials · Burn Infrastructures · Death KTM Abnormal · 15000 People Less than · Injury Metro- Earthquake Natural behavior of Fast Any Time · Physical- Water sources a minute · Displace 31 birds and & distribution pipes-

Animals ( Well, Physical Materials, · Demolition of Barking of Houses, 1/3rd Land House, dogs, Birds · Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures tweeters Communication, 1 · Fire loudly Health sub post, School, Markets & Shop · 100 % Livelihood · Burn/Death · 3000 People · Burnt Physical Depends · Physical- Schools Natural or March, property -Houses, Fire smoke Fast upon · Infrastructures Manmade April Physical Materials · Livelihood situation · Burn Infrastructures · Death · 12000 People · Injury · Physical- 20 Livestock, Abnormal · Displace Water sources & behavior of · Demolition of distribution pipes, Well, birds and House, Physical Materials, Animals ( Less than infrastructures Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time Houses, 1/3rd Land Barking of a minute · Fire · Infrastructures-Road, dogs, Birds Communication, 1 tweeters Health sub post, School, loudly Markets & Shop · Livelihood KTM Metro- · 100 People · Burn/Death 34 Depends · Physical- Schools · Burnt Physical Natural or March, Fire smoke Fast upon · Infrastructures property -Houses, Manmade April Physical Materials situation Burn Infrastructures · Death · 30 People · Injury · Damage Physical Depends · Damage of Physical Road Materials Manmade speed Fast Any Time upon Materials accident situation

· 755 People · 50 Death · Physical- some · 500 Injury Livestock, Water · Displace sources & distribution · Destruction of Abnormal pipes- Well, Physical House, behavior of Materials, Houses, 104 infrastructures birds and Ha of Land Animals ( March Less than Earthquake Natural Fast · Infrastructures- 2% Barking of ,April- 1 minute Road, 15% dogs, Birds Communication, 7% tweeters Health sub post, School, KIR loudly Markets & Shop MUN-8 · Natural Resource, 15% Economic Source · Livelihood · 15 People · Death · Some Physical- Schools, · Injure water supply, electricity · Displace Depends obstruction, · Burnt Physical Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon · Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, situation Household, Livestock, Physical Materials water source, Natural · Burn Infrastructures

Resources, Economic source · Jaundice, Diarrhea · 55 People Depends and dysentery June-July- · Physical- Water sources Epidemic Manmade Sick Fast upon · 5 Death, 25 sick August contaminated situation · close of schools

· People,1000 families · 1200 Death · Physical- 3% · 200 Injury Livestock, Water · 600 Displace sources & distribution · Destruction of Abnormal pipes- Well, Physical House, behavior of Materials, Houses, 3% of infrastructures birds and Land Animals ( March Less than · Infrastructures- 2% Earthquake Natural Fast Barking of ,April- 1 minute Road, 15% dogs, Birds Communication, 7% tweeters Health sub post, School, loudly Markets & Shop · 5% Natural Resource, 15% Economic Source

· 100% Livelihood KIR · People, 200 Families · 600 Death MUN-9 · Some Physical- Schools, · 400 Injure water supply, electricity · 1000 Displace obstruction, · Burnt Physical Depends · 80% Some property -Houses, Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon Infrastructures- 50 Physical Materials situation Household, 2 % · Burn Infrastructures Livestock, 5% water source, 100% Natural Resources, 95% Economic source, · 200 Death · People · 100 Injury · Families Road Speed of Less than · Damage of Physical Manmade Fast Any Time · Physical- vehicle Accident vehicle a minute Materials damaged · Some Infrastructures · People, 350 families · 500 Death · Physical- 15 Livestock, · 1000 Injury Water sources & · 150 Displace Abnormal distribution pipes- Well, · Destruction of House, behavior of Physical Materials, infrastructures birds and Houses, 10% of Land Animals ( March Within · Infrastructures- 100% Earthquake Natural Fast Barking of ,April- minutes Road, Communication, dogs, Birds Health sub post, School, tweeters Markets & Shop KIR loudly · 80% Natural Resource, MUN- 90% Economic Source 11 · 100% Livelihood · People, 200 Families · Death · Some Physical- Schools, · Injure water supply, electricity · 5% Displace Depend obstruction, · Burnt Physical Fire Manmade Smoke Fast Any Time on · Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, situation 50 Household, 50 % Physical Materials Livestock, 5% water · Burn Infrastructures

source · People, 200 families · 500 Death · Physical- 5 Livestock, · 1000 Injury Water sources & · 150 Displace distribution pipes- Well, · Destruction of House, Physical Materials, infrastructures Houses, 1/3rd of Land KIR March Within · Infrastructures- 100% MUN- Earthquake Natural Smoke Fast ,April- minutes Road, Communication, 16 Health sub post, School, Markets & Shop · 60% Natural Resource, 90% Economic Source

· 100% Livelihood · People, 200 Families · Death Abnormal · Some Physical- Schools, · Injure behavior of water supply, electricity · 5% Displace birds and Depend obstruction, · Burnt Physical Animals ( Fire Manmade Fast Any Time on · Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, Barking of situation 50 Household, 50 % Physical Materials dogs, Birds Livestock, 5% water tweeters · Burn Infrastructures source loudly · 18000 People · Death · Some Physical- Schools, · Injure water supply, electricity Depend · Displace March obstruction, Fire Manmade Smoke Fast on · Burnt Physical ,April- · Some Infrastructures- situation property -Houses, · 1% Livelihood Physical Materials

· Burn Infrastructures · People · 2 Death/ 100 · Physical-Livestock, injured/ -People, Physical Materials, Livestock KIR Water sources, 95 · Demolish of Physical MUN Households Depend property -Houses, March · Infrastructures- Storm Natural Fast on Physical Materials, ,April-May Communication, Health, situation Communication, School, Markets & Shop Obstruct road, felling · Livelihood of tree, electric poles

· Fire · 300 People · Jaundice, Diarrhea Depend · Physical- Water sources June-July- and dysentery Epidemic Manmade Fast on contaminated, August · 21 Death, 249 sick situation · close of schools · 755 People · 50 Death · 70% Physical- some · 500 Injury Livestock, Water · Displace Abnormal sources & distribution · Destruction of behavior of pipes- Well, Physical House, birds and Materials, Houses, 104 KIR Animals ( March Less than infrastructures Earthquake Natural Fast Ha of Land MUN-8 Barking of ,April- 1 minute · Infrastructures- 2% dogs, Birds Road, 15% tweeters Communication, 7% loudly Health sub post, School, Markets & Shop · 5% Natural Resource,

15% Economic Source

· 100% Livelihood · People · Death · Some Physical- Schools, · Injure water supply, electricity · Displace Depends obstruction, · Burnt Physical Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon · Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, situation Household, Livestock, Physical Materials water source, Natural · Burn Infrastructures Resources, Economic source · Jaundice, Diarrhea · People 50 Family and dysentery Illness with Depend · Physical- Water sources June-July- · Death Epidemic Manmade communicabl Fast on contaminated, August · sick e diseases situation · close of schools

· People,1000 families · 1200 Death · Injury · Physical- 3% Livestock, · Displace Water sources & · Destruction of Abnormal distribution pipes- Well, House, behavior of Physical Materials, infrastructures birds and Houses, 3% of Land Animals ( March Less than · Infrastructures- 2% Earthquake Natural Fast Barking of ,April- 1 minute Road, 15% dogs, Birds Communication, 7% tweeters Health sub post, School, loudly Markets & Shop · 5% Natural Resource, 15% Economic Source

· 100% Livelihood KIR MUN-9 · People, 200 Families · Death · Some Physical- Schools, · Injure water supply, electricity · 1000 Displace obstruction, · Burnt Physical Depends · Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, Fire Manmade smoke Fast Any Time upon 50 Household, 2 % Physical Materials situation Livestock, 5% water · Burn source, 100% Natural Infrastructures Resources, 95% Economic source, · 200 Death · People · 100 Injury · Families Road Speed of Less than · Damage of Physical Manmade Fast Any Time · Physical- vehicle Accident vehicle a minute Materials damaged · Some Infrastructures · People, 350 families · 500 Death · 70% Physical- 15 · 1000 Injury Abnormal Livestock, Water · 150 Displace behavior of sources & distribution birds and · Destruction of KIR pipes- Well, Physical Animals ( March Less than House, MUN- Earthquake Natural Fast Materials, Houses, 10% Barking of ,April- a minute infrastructures 11 of Land dogs, Birds · Infrastructures- 100% tweeters Road, Communication, loudly Health sub post, School, Markets & Shop

· 80% Natural Resource, 90% Economic Source

· 100% Livelihood · People, · 500 Death · Physical- 5 Livestock, · 1000 Injury Water sources & · Displace Abnormal distribution pipes- Well, · Destruction of behavior of Physical Materials, House, birds and Houses, 1/3rd of Land infrastructures Animals ( March Less than · Infrastructures- 100% Earthquake Natural Fast Barking of ,April- a minute Road, Communication, dogs, Birds Health sub post, School, tweeters Markets & Shop KIR loudly · 60% Natural Resource, MUN- 90% Economic Source 16 · 100% Livelihood · People · Death · 200 Families · Injure · Some Physical- Schools, · 5% Displace Depends water supply, electricity · Burnt Physical Fire Manmade Smoke Fast Any Time upon obstruction, property -Houses, situation · Some Infrastructures- Physical Materials 50 Household, 50 % · Burn Livestock, 5% water Infrastructures source · Death · People · Injury · Physical-Livestock, Movement of · Displace Water sources, Physical land surface · Demolition of Within Materials, Houses, Land Earthquake Natural Fast Any time House, Birds minutes · Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures twittering Communication, Health, · Fire loudly School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Burn/Death · People · Burnt Physical MTM -3 Depends · Physical-Livestock, Natural or property -Houses, Fire NA Fast Any time upon Water sources Manmade Physical Materials situation · 20% Infrastructures · Burn Infrastructures · 10% Livelihood · Jaundice, Diarrhea · 50% People- and dysentery · Physical-Livestock, Depends · Death Natural or Water sources Epidemic NA Slow Any time upon · Itching, watering of Manmade · 20% Livelihood situation eyes (conjunctivitis) · Blind · Death · People · Injury · Physical-Livestock, Movement of · Displace Water sources, Physical land surface · Demolition of Within Materials, Houses, Land Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time House, Birds minutes · Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures twittering Communication, Health, · Fire MTN -6 loudly School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Burn/Death · People- children Naked Depends · Burnt Physical March, · Physical-Livestock, Fire Natural electric Wire, Fast upon property -Houses, April Water sources short circuit situation Physical Materials · Infrastructures

· Livelihood · Burn Infrastructures · Jaundice, Diarrhea · People- children, Old, and dysentery women Depends · Death Summer · Physical- Water sources, Epidemic Natural sick upon · Itching, watering of season · Eye situation eyes (conjunctivitis) · Livelihood · Blind · Death/ burn/ · People Displace -People, · Physical-Livestock, Livestock Physical Materials, Depends · Burnt/ Demolish of March, Water sources, Houses Storm Natural Black cloud Fast upon Physical property - April · Infrastructures- situation Houses, Physical Communication, Health, Materials School, Markets & Shop · Fire · Livelihood · Injury- People, · People Livestock Depends · Physical-House, Land, Heavy Rainy · Flooded of land Flood Natural Fast upon Water source & Rainfall season · Erosion of fertile situation distribution pipes, soil · Burn/Death · Some People · Burnt Physical Depends · Physical-Livestock, March, property -Houses, Fire Manmade Smoke, Fast upon Water sources April, May Physical Materials situation · Infrastructures- · Burn Infrastructures · Livelihood · Death · 1160 People · Injury MTM-8 · Physical- 25 Livestock, · Displace Movement of Water sources, Physical · Demolition of land surface Materials, 253 Houses, Within House, Earthquake Natural Fast Any time Land Birds minutes infrastructures · Infrastructures-Road, twittering · Fire loudly Communication, Health, School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Death · 350 People · Injury · Physical- Livestock, · Displace Water sources, Physical Birds Any Time · Demolition of Materials, 350 Houses, twittering (interval of Within House, Earthquake Natural Fast Land loudly , Dog 40-50 minutes infrastructures · Infrastructures-Road, barking year) · Fire Communication, Health, School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Chicken pox, · People- children, Old , Diarrhea and MTM- women, March- Depends dysentery 10 Natural or · Physical-Livestock, Epidemic Sick slow April, June, upon · Sick Manmade Water sources July situation · Death · Livelihood

· Burn/Death · People- children, old, · Burnt Physical Smell of women property -Houses, burning, Depends · Physical-Livestock, Natural or March- Physical Materials Fire wind, naked Fast upon Water sources Manmade April · Burn Infrastructures electric wire, situation · Infrastructures- Smoke, communication, Health post, School, Market

· Livelihood · Death/ burn/ · People Displace -People, · Physical-Livestock, Livestock Physical Materials, Depends · Burnt/ Demolish of March- Water sources, Houses Storm Natural Wind blowing Fast upon Physical property - April · Infrastructures- situation Houses, Physical Communication, Health, Materials School, Markets & Shop · Fire · Livelihood · Death · 2215 People · Injury · Physical- Livestock, · Displace Water sources, Physical Birds Any Time · Demolition of Materials, 434 Houses, twittering (interval of Within House, Earthquake Natural Fast Land loudly , Dog 40-50 minutes infrastructures · Infrastructures-Road, barking year) · Fire Communication, Health, School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Chicken pox, · People- children, Old , Diarrhea and March- Depends women, Natural or dysentery Epidemic Sick slow April, June, upon · Physical-Livestock, Manmade · Sick July situation Water sources · Death · Livelihood MTM- · Burn/Death · People- children, old, · Burnt Physical 14 women Smell of property -Houses, · Physical-Livestock, burning, Depends Physical Materials Natural or March- Water sources Fire wind, naked Fast upon · Burn Infrastructures Manmade April · Infrastructures- electric wire, situation communication, Health Smoke, post, School, Market · Livelihood · Death/ burn/ · People Displace -People, · Physical-Livestock, Livestock Physical Materials, Depends · Burnt/ Demolish of March- Water sources, Houses Storm Natural Wind blowing Fast upon Physical property - April · Infrastructures- situation Houses, Physical Communication, Health, Materials School, Markets & Shop · Fire · Livelihood · Death · People- children, Old, · Injury Women, pregnant · Displace women · Demolition of · Physical-Livestock, Birds House, Within Water sources, Physical Earthquake Natural twittering Fast Any Time infrastructures minutes Materials, Houses, Land loudly · Fire · Infrastructures-Road, Communication, Health, MTM- School, Markets & Shop 16 · Livelihood · Burn/Death · People- children · Burnt Physical · Physical-Livestock, Smell of Depends property -Houses, Natural or March- Water sources Fire burning, Load Fast upon Physical Materials Manmade April · Infrastructures- shedding, situation · Burn Infrastructures communication, Market · Livelihood

· Diarrhea and · People- children, Old dysentery March- Depends · Physical-Livestock, Natural or · Death Epidemic Become sick Slow April, June, upon · Livelihood Manmade · Itching, watering of July situation eyes (conjunctivitis) · Blind · Death · People · Injury · Physical-Livestock, · Displace Movement of Water sources, Physical · Demolition of land surface Materials, Houses, Land Within House, Earthquake Natural Fast Any time · 20% Infrastructures- Birds minutes infrastructures Road, Communication, twittering · Fire loudly Health, School, Markets & Shop · 10% Livelihood · Burn/Death Bhakta · People- children · Burnt Physical pur-5 Depends · Physical-Livestock, Natural or March, property -Houses, Fire Smoke Fast upon Water sources Manmade April Physical Materials situation · Infrastructures · Burn Infrastructures · Livelihood · Jaundice, Diarrhea · 50% People- children, and dysentery Old Depends · Death Natural or March, · Physical-Livestock, Epidemic Sick upon · Itching, watering of Manmade April Water sources situation eyes (conjunctivitis) · 20% Livelihood · Blind · Death · People · Injury · Physical-Livestock, Movement of · Displace Water sources, Physical land surface · Demolition of House, Within Materials, Houses, Land Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time infrastructures Birds minutes · Infrastructures-Road, · Fire twittering Communication, Health, loudly School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Burn/Death · People- children Depends · Burnt Physical Natural or Naked · Physical-Livestock, Fire Fast Any Time upon property -Houses, Manmade electric Wire Water sources situation Physical Materials · Livelihood Bhakta · Death/ burn/ · People pur-7 Displace -People, · Physical-Livestock, Livestock Physical Materials, Depends · Burnt/ Demolish of Natural or March, Water sources, Houses Storm Black cloud, Fast upon Physical property - Manmade April · Infrastructures- situation Houses, Physical Communication, Health, Materials School, Markets & Shop · Fire · Livelihood · Diarrhea and · People- children, Old dysentery · Physical-Livestock, Depends · Death Natural or March, Water sources Epidemic Sick Slow upon · Itching, watering of Manmade April · Livelihood situation eyes (conjunctivitis) · Blind · Death · People Movement of · Injury Bhakta Within · Physical-Livestock, Earthquake Natural land surface Fast Any Time · Displace pur-8 minutes Water sources, Physical · Demolition of House, Birds Materials, Houses, Land

twittering · Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures loudly Communication, Health, · Fire School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Diarrhea and · People- children dysentery · Physical-Livestock, Depends · Death Natural or March, Water sources Epidemic Sick Slow upon · Itching, watering of Manmade April · Livelihood situation eyes (conjunctivitis) · Blind · Burn/Death · People · Burnt Physical · Physical-Livestock, property -Houses, Physical Materials, Naked Depends Physical Materials Natural or Water sources, Houses Fire Electric Wire Fast Any Time upon Manmade · Infrastructures- situation Communication, Health, School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Death/ burn/ · People Displace -People, · Physical-Livestock, Livestock Physical Materials, Depends · Burnt/ Demolish of March, Water sources, Houses Storm Natural Black cloud Fast upon Physical property - April · Infrastructures- situation Houses, Physical Communication, Health, Materials School, Markets & Shop

· Livelihood · Burn/Death Depends · Children Natural or · Burnt Physical Fire Smoke Fast Any Time upon · Old Person Manmade property -Houses, situation Physical Materials · Death/ burn/ · People Displace -People, Depends · Property March, Livestock Storm Natural Black cloud, Fast upon · Infrastructures Bhakta April · Burnt Physical situation pur-9 property -Houses, Physical Materials · Diarrhea and · People dysentery Depends Natural or · Death Epidemic Sick Slow Any Time upon Manmade · Itching, watering of situation eyes · Blind · Death/ Injured · People · Livestock · Property · Physical Materials · Infrastructures Animals Within · Collapse of Road, Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time shouting minutes Communication, Health Buildings, School buildings, Bhakta Market pur-12 · Death/ burn/ · People Displace -People, · Property Depends Livestock Natural or · Livestock Fire Smoke Any Time upon · Burnt Physical Manmade situation property -Houses, Water supply, Physical Materials

· Diarrhea and June, July, · People dysentery Slow August, · livelihood Depends · Death Sept. Epidemic Manmade Sick upon · Itching, watering of situation Fast March, eyes April · Blind · Death/ Injured · People · Livestock · Property Birds · Physical Materials twittering Within · Collapse of Road, Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time minutes Communication, Animals Health Buildings, shouting School buildings, Markey · Death/ Injured/ · People Displace -People, Bhakta · Property pur-13 Depends Livestock Natural or · Livestock Fire Smoke Fast Any Time upon · Burnt Physical Manmade situation property -Houses, Water supply, Physical Materials · Diarrhea and · People Depends dysentery March, · livelihood Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow upon · Death April situation · Livestock · Physical Materials · Death/ Injured/ · People Displace -People, · Property Livestock Birds twittering · Physical-Houses, Within Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time Water supply, minutes Animals Physical Materials shouting · Collapse of Infrastructures · Loss of Property · Death/ Injured/ · People Displace -People, · Property Depends Livestock Bhakta Natural or March, · Livestock Fire Smoke Fast upon · Burnt Physical pur-14 Man made April situation property -Houses, Water supply, Physical Materials · Diarrhea and Turbidity in · 2143 People dysentery Water & drinking Depends June, July, · Death Sanitation, Man Made water source Slow upon August Hygiene during rainy situation season · Itching & Burning of Depends · People Burning of March, Eyes Epidemic Man Made Fast upon · Water sources Eye April · Blind situation · Eye

· 35% People · Death/ Injury/ · 50%Property Displace -People, Fish came out · 20% Infrastructures Livestock Bhakta from pond Within · 50% Livelihood · Physical-Houses, pur-16 Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time Dog barking minutes Water supply,

Physical Materials

· Collapse of Infrastructures

· Loss of Property · Death/ Injured/ · People Displace -People, · Property Depends Livestock Natural or March, Fire Storm Fast upon · Burnt Physical Man made April situation property -Houses, Water supply, Physical Materials · Damage of · People Natural Depends infrastructures June, July, · Land Flood and Man Heavy rainfall Fast upon · Loss of life August · infrastructures Made situation · Loss of Property · People, 900 families · 2193 Dead · 60% Physical- 50% · 4386 Injury Livestock 80% Water · 100% Displace sources & distribution · Destruction of pipes- Well, 20% House, Birds Physical Materials, 1000 infrastructures, twittering rd Within Houses, 1/3 of Land Natural Resources Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time minutes · Infrastructures- 60% Animals Road, 80% shouting Communication, 50% Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & LALI Shop Sub · 50% Livelihood MUN 1 · 731 People , 10% Family · Dead · Physical- vehicle · Injury Road Within Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time damaged · Damage of Physical Accident minutes · Some Infrastructures Materials damaged · 731 People , · Water born Disease- · Physical- Water sources Jaundice, Diarrhea Depends June, July, contaminated, and dysentery Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow upon August · Spreading of · Dead situation Communicable disease · Households, close of schools, Community · 9884 People, 45% · 1161 Dead families · 2322 Injury · Physical- 50% · Displace Livestock 80% Water Destruction of sources & distribution House, Birds pipes- Well, 20% infrastructures, twittering Physical Materials, 1068 Natural Resources Within rd Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time Houses, 1/3 of Land minutes Animals · Infrastructures- 60% shouting Road, 80% LALI Communication, 50% Sub Health sub post, 10% MUN 3 School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · 247 People , · Dead · Physical- vehicle · Injury Road Within Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time damaged · Damage of Physical Accident minutes · Some Infrastructures Materials damaged · 247 People , · Water born Disease- June, July, Depends Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow · Physical- Water sources Jaundice, Diarrhea August upon

situation contaminated, and dysentery · Spreading of · Dead Communicable disease · Households, close of schools, Community · People, · 1161 Dead · Physical- 50% · 2322 Injury Livestock 80% Water · Displace sources & distribution · Destruction of pipes- Well, 20% House, Birds Physical Materials, 498 infrastructures, twittering rd Within Houses, 1/3 of Land Natural Resources Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time minutes · Infrastructures- 60% Animals LALI Road, 80% shouting Sub Communication, 50% Health sub post, 10% MUN 6 School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · People , · 38 Dead · Physical- vehicle · 380 Injury Road Within Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time damaged · Damage of Physical Accident minutes · Some Infrastructures Materials damaged · People, · 1516 Dead · Physical- 50% · 3032 Injury Livestock 80% Water · Displace sources & distribution · Destruction of pipes- Well, 20% House, Birds Physical Materials, 544 infrastructures, twittering rd Within Houses, 1/3 of Land Natural Resources Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time minutes · Infrastructures- 60% Animals LALI Road, 80% shouting Sub Communication, 50% MUN 7 Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · People , · 50 Dead · Physical- vehicle · 100 Injury Road Within Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time damaged · Damage of Physical Accident minutes · Some Infrastructures Materials damaged · People, · 2162 Dead · Physical- 50% · 4300 Injury Livestock 80% Water · 100% Displace sources & distribution · Destruction of pipes- Well, 20% House, Birds Physical Materials, 600 infrastructures, twittering rd Within Houses, 1/3 of Land Natural Resources Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time minutes · Infrastructures- 60% LALI Animals Road, 80% Sub shouting Communication, 50% MUN 8 Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · 144 People , · Dead Road Within · Physical- vehicle · Injury Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time Accident minutes damaged · Damage of Physical · Some Infrastructures Materials

damaged · 144 People , · Water born Disease- · Physical- Water sources Jaundice, Diarrhea Depends June, July, contaminated, and dysentery Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow upon August · Spreading of · Dead situation Communicable disease · Households, close of schools, Community · People, · 1833 Dead · Physical- 50% · 3636 Injury Livestock 80% Water · Displace sources & distribution · Destruction of pipes- Well, 20% House, Birds Physical Materials, 584 infrastructures, twittering rd Within Houses, 1/3 of Land Natural Resources Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time minutes · Infrastructures- 60% Animals Road, 80% shouting Communication, 50% Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & LALI Shop Sub · 50% Livelihood MUN 9 · 72 People · Dead · Physical- vehicle · Injury Road Within Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time damaged · Damage of Physical Accident minutes · Some Infrastructures Materials damaged · 122 People , · Water born Disease- · Physical- Water sources Jaundice, Diarrhea Depends June, July, contaminated, and dysentery Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow upon August · Spreading of · Dead situation Communicable disease · Households, close of schools, Community · People, · 1086 Dead · 60% Physical- 50% · 2160 Injury Livestock Water sources · Displace & distribution pipes- · Destruction of Well, 20% Physical House, Birds Materials, 524 Houses, infrastructures, rd twittering 1/3 of Land Natural Resources Within Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time · Infrastructures- 60% minutes Animals Road, 80% LALI shouting Communication, 50% Sub Health sub post, 10% MUN 11 School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood

· 72 People , · Dead · Physical- vehicle · Injury Road Within damaged · Damage of Physical Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time Accident minutes · Some Infrastructures Materials damaged

· People, · 1080 Dead Birds · Physical- 50% · 2160 Injury LALI twittering Within Livestock 80% Water · Displace Sub Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time minutes sources & distribution · Destruction of MUN 12 Animals pipes- Well, 20% House, shouting Physical Materials, infrastructures,

Houses, 1/3rd of Land Natural Resources · Infrastructures- 60% Road, 80% Communication, 50% Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · 75 People , · Water born Disease- · Physical- Water sources Jaundice, Diarrhea Depends June, July, contaminated, and dysentery Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow upon August · Spreading of · Dead situation Communicable disease · Households, close of schools, Community · People, · 6600 Dead · Physical- 50% · 13200 Injury Livestock 80% Water · Displace sources & distribution · Destruction of pipes- Well, Physical House, Birds Materials, Houses, 2 Ha infrastructures, twittering Within of Land Natural Resources Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time minutes · Infrastructures- 60% Animals Road, 80% LALI S shouting Communication, 40% MUN 13 Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · 330 People , · Dead · Physical- vehicle · Injury Road Within Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time damaged · Damage of Physical Accident minutes · Some Infrastructures Materials damaged · People, · 1160 Dead · Physical- 80% Water · 2330 Injury sources & distribution · Displace Birds pipes- Well, 20% · Destruction of twittering Physical Materials, House, Within Earthquake Natural loudly & Fast Any Time Houses, 2 Ha of Land infrastructures, minutes Animals · Infrastructures- Road, Natural Resources shouting Communication, Health sub post, School, Markets & Shop LALI · 50% Livelihood Sub · 110 People , · Jaundice, Diarrhea MUN 16 · Physical- Water sources and dysentery Depends contaminated, · Dead Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow April, May upon · Spreading of · Households, close of situation Communicable disease schools, Community

· 110 People , · Dead · Physical- vehicle · Injury Road Within Manmade Vehicle speed Fast Any Time damaged · Damage of Physical Accident minutes · Some Infrastructures Materials damaged · People, · 1800 Dead Birds LALI · Physical- 50% · 4500 Injury twittering Within Sub Earthquake Natural Fast Any Time Livestock, 80% Water · Displace loudly & minutes MUN 22 sources & distribution · Destruction of Animals

shouting pipes- Well, 20% House, Physical Materials, infrastructures, Houses, 2 Ha of Land Natural Resources · Infrastructures- 100% Road, Communication, Health sub post, School, Markets & Shop · 60% Livelihood · 600 People , · Jaundice, Diarrhea Depends · Physical- Water sources and dysentery Epidemic Manmade Sick Slow April, May upon contaminated, · Dead situation · Spreading of · Households, close of Communicable disease schools, Community · 600 People · Dead Depends · Physical- vehicle · Injury Road Manmade Vehicle Speed Fast Any Time upon damaged · Damage of Physical Accident situation · Some Infrastructures Materials damaged

Table 2: Historical Profile (Timeline of Disaster)

VDC/Ward year Disaster Impact Response 2058 Road Accident

2045 Earthquake Neighbors, Local People, Local KTM Metro -2 2068 Government Agencies, Red Cross 2051 Fire

2044/045 Epidemic Many persons get ill 2058 Road Accident

2045 Earthquake Neighbors, Local People, Local KTM Metro -10 2068 Government Agencies, Red Cross 2051 Fire

2044/045 Epidemic Many persons get ill 2063 3 died Road Accident 11 Injured Neighbors, Local People, Local 2045 1 injured KTM Metro -12 Earthquake Government Agencies, Red Cross 206 ------2068 1 injured Fire 2 house demolished 2057 8 died Road Accident 23 Injured Neighbors, Local People, Local 2068 2 injured , 5 Houses demolished KTM Metro -15 Earthquake Government Agencies, Red Cross

2069 1 died Fire 4 injured 2057 Road Accident 16 died Neighbors, Local People, Local

KTM Metro -16 Government Agencies, Red Cross 2068 Earthquake 2 injured , 5 Houses demolished

2046/3/5 Fire 40-50 displaced Neighbors, Local People, Local KTM Metro -18 2 houses burnt Government Agencies, Red Cross 2052 10-20 displaced

2 stored burnt Loss of infrastructures 2067 Earthquake NA

2 injured Earthquake 2045/3/5 Loss of infrastructures

2068 Neighbors, Local People, Local Fire KTM Metro -23 2067 3 injured Government Agencies, Red Cross

2068 2 Houses burnt Road Accident 2063 3 dead

15 injured 2067 1 injured, 1 Animal died Neighbors, Local People, Local KTM Metro -27 2068 Fire 1 House burnt Government Agencies, Red Cross 6 houses burnt 2045/3/5 Earthquake 3 dead Neighbors, Local People, Local 5injured KTM Metro -28 Government Agencies, Red Cross 2068 Road Accident 2 Dead 10 injured Fire 5 people Displaced

5 House destroyed Neighbors, Local People, Local Earthquake KTM Metro -29 2068/3/1 3 dead Government Agencies, Red Cross

2068 2 injured Road Accident 2061 3 injured

Fire 1 Family Displaced 2067 Neighbors, Local People, Local Earthquake No casualty recorded KTM Metro -30 2068 Government Agencies, Red Cross Road Accident 1 person died 2066

1990 Earthquake NA Neighbors, Local People, Local 2018 NA KTM Metro -31 Government Agencies, Red Cross 2045 No casualty Recorded

No any casualty recorded 2045/5/5 Earthquake Neighbors, Local People, Local

KTM Metro -34 2068/6/1 Government Agencies, Red Cross 35 Death 2058 Road Accident 55 injured Neighbors, Local People, Local 2065 Earthquake Crack seen in the house KIR MUN 8 Government Agencies, Red Cross 2069 Landslide Public Land damaged

Neighbors, Local People, Local KIR MUN 9 Government Agencies, Red Cross

Neighbors, Local People, Local KIR MUN 11 2068 Earthquake 3 Houses demolished Government Agencies, Red Cross

Neighbors, Local People, Local KIR MUN 16 NA Government Agencies, Red Cross

5 House collapsed 2045 Earthquake MTM-3 4 people injured Community, Police, Red Cross 2056 Fire Burnt physical materials No casualty 1 House collapsed 2068 Earthquake MTM-6 3 people injured Community, Government Agency 2068 Fire 1 person Displaced

Earthquake 1 person Death Many Houses collapsed MTM-8 1990 Loss of Physical Materials Community, Neighbors Thunderbolt No loss recorded Earthquake No loss recorded 2028 Thunderbolt No casualty Recorded 2030 Earthquake More than 100 people died Uncounted Injured person Demolished of Houses MTM-10 Neighbor, Government Agencies Birds and Animals died Land destruction Displaced 2045 Earthquake 1-2 person

Every year Fire No Record

MTM-14 NA NA NA Neighbor, Fire brigade, Government MTM-16 2045 Earthquake Minor crack in House Agencies 2068 3-4 House Collapsed 2058 Earthquake Some House, Neighbors, District Disaster Bhaktapur-5 2061 Fire 1-2 House, Management, Government agencies 2068 1-2 House 2045 Earthquake 2 Death 1 Injured Neighbors, Government agencies, Fire Bhaktapur-7 2 Collapsed house brigade

2068 Earthquake 1 Collapsed house Neighbors, Red Cross, Police, Local Bhaktapur-8 2045 Earthquake NA CBOs, Trusty Bhaktapur-9 NA NA 4 Injured NA 2018 5 Collapsed house Earthquake 2045 3 Loss of Livestock Bhaktapur-12 4 Monastery Temple Neighbors, Red Cross, Local CBOs 100-200 Death 2015 Epidemic 4 injured NA

6 Injured 2045 Earthquake 6 Houses Collapsed Neighbors, Red Cross, Local CBOs Bhaktapur-13 2069 Fire NA NA 4 Injured 5 Houses Collapsed Bhaktapur-14 2045 Earthquake Neighbors, Red Cross, Local CBOs 3 birds death 4 Monastery Temples 2045 Bhaktapur-16 Earthquake NA Neighbors, Red Cross, Local CBOs 2068 Neighbors, Local People, Local 2045 Earthquake LALI MUNI 1 NA Government Agencies, Red Cross

2 Dead, 5 Injured Neighbors, Local People, Local 2045 Earthquake LALI MUNI 3 4 Dead, 10 Injured Government Agencies, Red Cross 2058-060 Road Accident

Neighbors, Local People, Local 2045 Earthquake NA LALI MUNI 6 Government Agencies, Red Cross 2058-060 Road Accident NA

Neighbors, Local People, Local 2045 Earthquake NA LALI MUNI 7 Government Agencies, Red Cross 2062-066 Road Accident 10 Dead, 20 Injured

Neighbors, Local People, Local LALI MUNI 8 2045 Earthquake NA Government Agencies, Red Cross

Neighbors, Local People, Local LALI MUNI 9 2045 Earthquake NA Government Agencies, Red Cross

2065 Fire 2 Houses Burnt Neighbors, Local People, Local 2063 LALI MUNI 11 3 injured Government Agencies, Red Cross Earthquake

2045 Fire 1 Dead, 2064 Neighbors, Local People, Local 1 Injured LALI MUNI 12 Government Agencies, Red Cross Earthquake NA 2045

2 Dead, 5 Injured 2058/ 2060 Earthquake Neighbors, Local People, Local

LALI MUNI 13 Government Agencies, Red Cross 4 Dead, 10 Injured 2045 Road Accident

4 Dead, 10 Injured Neighbors, Local People, Local 2058/ 2060 LALI MUNI 16 Earthquake 2 Dead, % Injured Government Agencies, Red Cross 2045 10 Dead, 15 Injured 2065 NA Fire Neighbors, Local People, Local 2068 NA LALI MUNI 22 Government Agencies, Red Cross 1990 NA Earthquake 2045 10 Dead, 15 Injured

Table 3: Vulnerability Matrix VDC Hazard Element at risk Impact of hazard Characteristics of elements at Vulnerability Ward to the elements risk that contribute to factor at risk vulnerability · People, 805 families · Death · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- Water sources & · Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal distribution pipes- Well, · Displace · Insufficient of Open Space social Physical Materials, Houses, · Destruction of · Use of low quality construction Earthquake 1/3rd of Land House, Materials in building · Infrastructures- Road, infrastructures · Lack of knowledge & Skill Communication, Health sub · Having traditional attitude post, School, Markets & Shop · Dense House attached with each · Livelihood other · People · 300 Death · Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical · Some Physical- Schools, · 350 Injure wire Infrastructures water supply, electricity · Displace · Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal KTM obstruction, · Burnt Physical and ignition materials and their Metro-2 Fire · Some Infrastructures- property - storage · 1% Livelihood Houses, Physical · Lack of knowledge & Skill Materials · Having traditional attitude · Burn · Attached Houses, Infrastructures · Laying Naked Electric wire · People · Jaundice, Diarrhea · No attention on sanitation Physical · Physical- Water sources and dysentery · Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures Attitudinal contaminated, · 600 Death, 249 · Pig rearing near inhabitants sick Economic · Evolution of bad smell Epidemic · close of schools · Turbid water supply during rainy season · Having traditional attitude · Lack of knowledge about sanitation Earthquake · People, · 8000 Death · Many Houses constructed without Physical KTM · Physical- Water sources & · 20000 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal Metro-10 distribution pipes- Well, · Displace · Insufficient of Open Space social Physical Materials, Houses, · Destruction of · Use of low quality construction 1/3rd of Land House, Materials in building

· Infrastructures- Road, infrastructures · Lack of knowledge & Skill Communication, Health sub · Having traditional attitude post, School, Markets & Shop · Dense House attached with each · 100% Livelihood other

Fire · 18000 People · 5000 Death · Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical · Some Physical- Schools, · Injury wire Infrastructures water supply, electricity · Displace · Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal obstruction, · Burnt Physical and ignition materials and their · Some Infrastructures- property - storage · 1% Livelihood Houses, Physical · Lack of knowledge & Skill Materials · Having traditional attitude · Burn · Attached Houses, Infrastructures · Laying Naked Electric wire Earthquake · People, · 1800 Death · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- Water sources & · 3800 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures distribution pipes- Well, · Displace · Insufficient of Open Space Attitudinal Physical Materials, Houses, · Destruction of · Use of low quality construction Economic 1/3rd of Land House, Materials in building · Infrastructures- Road, infrastructures · Lack of knowledge & Skill Communication, Health sub · Having traditional attitude post, School, Markets & Shop · Old House built having CGI sheet and · 100% Livelihood mud tile roofing · Narrow Road, · Dense House attached with each other · Not strong House Fire · 600 People · 280 Death · Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical · Some Physical- Schools, · Injure wire Infrastructures water supply, electricity · Displace · Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal obstruction,150 Households · Burnt Physical and ignition materials and their Economic · Some Infrastructures- property - storage · 1% Livelihood Houses, Physical · Lack of knowledge & Skill Materials · Having traditional attitude KTM · Burn · Attached Houses, Old Houses with Infrastructures CGI Roof mud tile and wood, Metro-12 · narrow road By lane · Laying Naked Electric wire Storm · 15 People · 2 Death/ injury/ · Destruction of House Physical · Physical-Livestock, Physical -People, Livestock · Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures Attitudinal Materials, Water sources, 95 · Demolish of · Having traditional attitude Households Physical property - Economic · No preparedness for disaster · Infrastructures- Houses, Physical · Lack of Money Communication, Health, Materials, School, Markets & Shop Communication, · Livelihood Obstruct road, felling of tree, electric poles · Fire Epidemic · 300 People · Jaundice, Diarrhea · No attention on sanitation Physical · Physical- Water sources and dysentery · Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures Attitudinal contaminated, · 21 Death, 249 sick · Pig rearing near inhabitants close of schools Economic · Evolution of bad smell · Turbid water supply during rainy season · Having traditional attitude · Lack of knowledge about sanitation · People, · 4000 Death · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- Water sources & · 38000 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures distribution pipes- Well, · Displace · Insufficient of Open Space Attitudinal Physical Materials, Houses, · Destruction of · Use of low quality construction Economic 1/3rd of Land House, Materials in building KTM · Infrastructures- Road, infrastructures · Lack of knowledge & Skill Metro-15 Earthquake Communication, Health sub · · Having traditional attitude post, School, Markets & Shop · Old House built having CGI sheet and · 100% Livelihood mud tile roofing · Narrow Road, · Dense House attached with each other · Not strong House

· People · 350 Death · Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical · Some Physical- Schools, · 450 Injure wire Infrastructures water supply, electricity · 15% Displace · Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal obstruction, · Burnt Physical and ignition materials and their Economic · Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, storage Fire · 1% Livelihood Physical Materials · Lack of knowledge & Skill Burn · Having traditional attitude Infrastructures · Attached Houses, Old Houses with CGI Roof mud tile and wood, · narrow road By lane · Laying Naked Electric wire · People · 600 Death/ 100 · Destruction of House Physical · Physical-Livestock, Physical burn/ -People · Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures Attitudinal Materials, Water sources, 95 · Livestock · Having traditional attitude Households · Burnt/ Demolish Economic Storm · No preparedness for disaster · Infrastructures- of Physical · Lack of Money Communication, Health, property -Houses, School, Markets & Shop Physical Materials · Livelihood · Fire · 300 People · Jaundice, Diarrhea · No attention on sanitation Physical · Physical- Water sources, and dysentery · Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures Attitudinal · 30 Household, · 55 Death, 49 sick · Pig rearing near inhabitants · close of schools Economic · Evolution of bad smell Epidemic · Turbid water supply during rainy season · Having traditional attitude · Lack of knowledge about sanitation

· People · 30000 Death · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- Water sources & · 50000 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures distribution pipes- Well, · Displace · Lack of Open Space Attitudinal Physical Materials, Houses, · Destruction of · Use of low quality construction Economic 1/3rd of Land House, Materials Earthquake · Infrastructures- Road, infrastructures · Lack of knowledge & Skill Communication, Health sub · Having traditional attitude post, School, Markets & Shop · Old House built, Narrow Road, · 100% Livelihood · Dense House attached with each other · Not strong House · 2200 People · 500 Death · Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical · Some Physical- Schools, · 1000 Injure wire Infrastructures water supply, electricity · Displace · Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal obstruction · Burnt Physical and ignition materials storage Economic · Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Fire KTM · 5% Livelihood Physical Materials · Having traditional attitude Metro-16 · Burn · Attached Houses, Old Houses with Infrastructures CGI Roof and wood, narrow road By lane · Laying Naked Electric wire · People · 300 Death/ 150 · No attention on sanitation Physical · Physical-Livestock, Physical burn/ -People · Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures Attitudinal Materials, Water sources, · Burnt/ Demolish of · Pig rearing near inhabitants Houses Physical property - Economic · Evolution of bad smell Storm · Infrastructures- Houses, Physical Communication, Health, Materials · Turbid water supply during rainy School, Markets & Shop · Fire season · Livelihood · Having traditional attitude · Lack of knowledge about sanitation · 10000 People · Jaundice, Diarrhea · Destruction of House Physical · Physical- Water sources, and dysentery · Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures Attitudinal Epidemic · Household, · 100 Death · Having traditional attitude · 1000 Households, Economic · No preparedness for disaster · close of schools · Lack of Money · People · 500 Death · House constructed without Physical KTM · Physical- Water sources & · 1500 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures distribution pipes- Well, · Displace · Lack of Open Space Attitudinal Metro-18 Earthquake Physical Materials, Houses, · Destruction of · Use of low quality construction Economic 1/3rd of Land House, Materials · Infrastructures- Road,

Communication, Health sub infrastructures · Lack of knowledge & Skill post, School, Markets & Shop · Having traditional attitude · 100% Livelihood · Old House built, Narrow Road, · Dense House attached with each other · Not strong House · 2200 People · 500 Death · Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical · Some Physical- Schools, · 1000 Injury wire Infrastructures water supply, electricity · Displace · Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal obstruction · Burnt Physical and ignition materials storage · Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Fire · 5% Livelihood Physical Materials · Having traditional attitude · Burn · Attached Houses, Old Houses with Infrastructures CGI Roof and wood, narrow road By lane · Laying Naked Electric wire · 800 People · Jaundice, Diarrhea · No attention on sanitation Physical · 4% Physical- Water sources, and dysentery · Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures Attitudinal · 100 Death · Pig rearing near inhabitants · close of schools social · Evolution of bad smell Epidemic · Itching, watering of eyes · Turbid water supply during rainy (conjunctivitis) season · Blind · Having traditional attitude · Lack of knowledge about sanitation · People · 5 Death · Dense Traffic, Physical · Physical- vehicle damaged · 60 Injury · Narrow road width Infrastructures Road Accident · Some Infrastructures · Damage of · Negligence in drive Attitudinal Physical Materials · People · 1500 Death · House constructed without Physical · Physical- Water sources & · 3800 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures distribution pipes- 25% Well, · Displace · Use of low quality construction Attitudinal 85% Physical Materials, · Demolition of Materials Economic Houses, 1/3rd of Land House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Earthquake · Infrastructures- 60% Road, infrastructures · Having traditional attitude 80% Communication, 50% · Fire · Old House built, Narrow Road, Health sub post, School, · Dense House attached with each Markets & Shop other · 100% Livelihood · Not strong House · 400 People · 280 Death · Unmanaged lining of electric wire Physical · Some Physical- Schools · Injure · Carelessness of LPG gas and ignition Infrastructures KTM · Some Infrastructures · 5% Displace materials storage Attitudinal Economic Metro-23 · 1% Livelihood · Burnt Physical · Lack of knowledge & Skill Fire property - · Having traditional attitude Houses, Physical · Attached Houses, Old Houses with Materials CGI Roof, Narrow road. By lane · Burn · Laying Naked Electric wire Infrastructures · People · Jaundice, Diarrhea · No attention on sanitation Physical · 55% Physical- Water sources, and dysentery · Turbid water supply during rainy Infrastructures 155 Household, · 21 Death season Attitudinal · · 244 infected with Economic · Having traditional attitude Epidemic diseases · Itching, watering · Lack of knowledge about sanitation of eyes (conjunctivitis) · Blind · People · 2000 Death · House constructed without Physical · Physical- Water sources & · 2800 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures distribution pipes- Well, · Including Injured · Lack of Open Space Attitudinal Physical Materials, Houses, Displace · Use of low quality construction Economic KTM 1/3rd of Land · Destruction of Materials Metro-27 Earthquake · Infrastructures- Road, House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Communication, Health sub infrastructures · Having traditional attitude post, School, Markets & Shop · · Old House built, Narrow Road, · 100% Livelihood · Dense House attached with each other · Not strong House

· 600 People · 250 Death · Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical · Some Physical- Schools, · 350 Injure wire Infrastructures water supply, electricity · Including injured · Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal obstruction Displace and ignition materials storage Economic · Some Infrastructures- · Burnt Physical · Lack of knowledge & Skill Fire · 1% Livelihood property -Houses, · Having traditional attitude Physical Materials · Attached Houses, Old Houses with · Burn CGI Roof and wood, narrow road By Infrastructures lane · Laying Naked Electric wire · 1400 People, 40 families · 60 Death/ 100 · No attention on sanitation Physical · Physical-Livestock, Physical burn/ -People · Waste dumping near inhabitants Infrastructures Attitudinal Materials, Water sources, · Burnt/ Demolish · Evolution of bad smell Houses of Physical Economic Storm · Turbid water supply during rainy · Infrastructures- property -Houses, Communication, Health, Physical Materials season School, Markets & Shop · Fire · Having traditional attitude · Livelihood · Lack of knowledge about sanitation · 300 People , 75 families · Jaundice, Diarrhea · Waste dumping near inhabitants Physical · Physical- Water sources, and dysentery · Pig rearing near inhabitants Infrastructures Attitudinal · · 51 Death · Evolution of bad smell · 249 Households, Economic · Turbid water supply during rainy close of schools Epidemic season · Having traditional attitude · Problem of uterus disease in women · Lack of knowledge about improving sanitation · People · 6600 Death · House constructed without Physical · Physical- Water sources & · 13000 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures distribution pipes- Well, · Including injured · Use of low quality construction Attitudinal Physical Materials, Houses, 2 Displace Materials Economic Ha of Land · Demolition of · Lack of knowledge & Skill Earthquake · Infrastructures- 60% Road, House, · Having traditional attitude 80% Communication, 50% infrastructures · Old House built, Narrow Road, Health sub post, School, · Fire · Dense House attached with each Markets & Shop other · Livelihood · · People · Death · Unmanaged lining of electric wire Physical · some Families · Injury · Carelessness of LPG gas and ignition Infrastructures KTM · Physical- Schools · Damage of materials storage Attitudinal Metro-28 Fire · Infrastructures Physical Materials · Lack of knowledge & Skill Economic 10% Livelihood · Having traditional attitude · Attached Houses, Old Houses with CGI Roof, Narrow road. By lane · People · 6600 Death · No attention on sanitation Physical · Physical- Water sources & · 13000 Injury · Turbid water supply during rainy Infrastructures distribution pipes- Well, · Including injured season Attitudinal Physical Materials, Houses, 2 Displace Economic · Having traditional attitude Ha of Land Epidemic · Demolition of · Infrastructures- 60% Road, House, · Lack of knowledge about sanitation 80% Communication, 50% infrastructures · Lack of knowledge to purify drinking Health sub post, School, · Fire water Markets & Shop · Livelihood · People · 2400 Death · House constructed without Physical · Physical- Water sources & · 6000 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures distribution pipes- Well, · 15000 Displace · Use of low quality construction Attitudinal Physical Materials, Houses, · Demolition of Materials Economic Earthquake 580 Ha of Land House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill · Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures · Having traditional attitude KTM Communication, 1 Health sub · Fire · Old House built, Narrow Road, Metro-29 post, School, Markets & Shop · Dense House attached with each · Livelihood other · 700 People · 12 Death · Unmanaged lining of electric wire Physical · Physical- Schools · 500 Injure · Carelessness of LPG gas and ignition Infrastructures · Infrastructures · Displace materials storage Attitudinal Fire · Livelihood · Burnt Physical · Lack of knowledge & Skill Economic property -Houses, · Having traditional attitude Physical Materials · Attached Houses, Old Houses with

· Burn CGI Roof, Narrow road. By lane Infrastructures

· People · 15 Death · Dense Traffic Physical · Damage Physical Materials · 60 Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road Accident · Damage of · Negligence drive Infrastructure · Physical Materials · 18000 People · 1800 Death · House constructed without Physical · Physical- Water sources & · 12000 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures distribution pipes- Well, · Displace · Use of low quality construction Attitudinal Physical Materials, Houses, · Demolition of Materials Economic Earthquake 1084 Ha of Land House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill · Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures · Having traditional attitude Communication, 1 Health sub · Fire · Old House built, Narrow Road, KTM post, School, Markets & Shop · Metro-30 · 100% Livelihood · 18000 People · 100 Death · Unmanaged lining of electric wire Physical · Physical- Schools · 1000 Injure · Carelessness of LPG gas storage Infrastructures · Infrastructures · Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill Attitudinal · 2% Livelihood · Burnt Physical · Having traditional attitude Economic Fire property -Houses, · Attached Houses, Old Houses with Physical Materials CGI Roof, Narrow road. By lane · Burn Infrastructures · 15000 People · Death · 15000 People · Death · Physical- Water sources & · Injury · Physical- Water sources & · Injury distribution pipes- Well, · Displace distribution pipes- Well, Physical · Displace Physical Materials, Houses, · Demolition of Materials, Houses, 1/3rd Land · Demolition of Earthquake 1/3rd Land House, · Infrastructures-Road, House, · Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures Communication, 1 Health sub post, infrastructures Communication, 1 Health sub · Fire School, Markets & Shop · Fire KTM post, School, Markets & Shop 100 % Livelihood Metro-31 · 100 % Livelihood · 3000 People · Burn/Death · 3000 People · Burn/Death · 100 Families · Burnt Physical · Physical- Schools · Burnt Physical · Physical- Schools property -Houses, · Infrastructures property - Physical Materials 10% Livelihood Houses, Fire · Infrastructures · 10% Livelihood · Burn Physical Infrastructures Materials · Burn Infrastructures · 12000 People · Death · House constructed without Physical · Physical- 20 Livestock, · Injury earthquake resistant techniques Infrastructures Water sources & distribution · Displace · Use of low quality construction Attitudinal pipes, Well, Physical · Demolition of Materials Economic Earthquake Materials, Houses, 1/3rd Land House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill · Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures · Having traditional attitude Communication, 1 Health sub Fire · Lack of Money post, School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood KTM · 100 People · Burn/Death · Unmanaged lining of electric wire Physical Metro-34 · Physical- Schools · Burnt Physical · Carelessness of LPG gas storage Infrastructures · Infrastructures property -Houses, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Attitudinal Fire · Physical Materials · Having traditional attitude Economic · Burn · Lack of Money Infrastructures · 30 People · Death · Dense Traffic Physical · Damage Physical Materials · Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road accident · Damage of · Negligence drive Infrastructure Physical Materials

· 755 People · 50 Death · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- some Livestock, · 500 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal Water sources & distribution · Displace · Use of low quality construction social

KIR MUN-8 pipes- Well, Physical · Destruction of Materials in building Earthquake Materials, Houses, 104 Ha of House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Land infrastructures · Having traditional attitude · Infrastructures- 2% Road, · · Dense House attached with each 15% Communication, 7% other Health sub post, School,

Markets & Shop · 5% Natural Resource, 15% Economic Source · 100% Livelihood · 15 People · Death · Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical · Some Physical- Schools, · Injure wire, Laying Naked Electric wire Attitudinal water supply, electricity · Displace · Carelessness handling of LPG gas social obstruction, · Burnt Physical and ignition materials and their Fire · Some Infrastructures- property -Houses, storage Household, Livestock, water Physical Materials · Lack of knowledge & Skill source, Natural Resources, · Burn · Having traditional attitude Economic source Infrastructures · Attached Houses, · · 55 People · Jaundice, Diarrhea · Infected with communicable Physical · Physical- Water sources and dysentery Diseases Attitudinal contaminated · 5 Death, 25 sick · No attention on sanitation social · close of schools · Turbid water supply during rainy Epidemic season · Having traditional attitude · Lack of knowledge about sanitation · Lack of knowledge to purify drinking water · People,1000 families · 1200 Death · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 3% Livestock, · 200 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal Water sources & distribution · 600 Displace · Use of low quality construction social pipes- Well, Physical · Destruction of Materials in building Materials, Houses, 3% of House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Land infrastructures · Having traditional attitude Earthquake · Infrastructures- 2% Road, · Dense House attached with each 15% Communication, 7% other Health sub post, School, · Markets & Shop · 5% Natural Resource, 15% Economic Source · 100% Livelihood KIR MUN 9 · People, 200 Families · 600 Death · Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical · Some Physical- Schools, · 400 Injure wire, Laying Naked Electric wire Infrastructures water supply, electricity · 1000 Displace · Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal obstruction, · Burnt Physical and ignition materials and their · 80% Some Infrastructures- storage Fire property -Houses, 50 Household, 2 % Livestock, Physical Materials · Lack of knowledge & Skill 5% water source, 100% · Burn · Having traditional attitude Natural Resources, 95% Infrastructures · Attached Houses, Economic source,

· People · 200 Death · Dense Traffic Physical · Families · 100 Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road Accident · Physical- vehicle damaged · Damage of · Negligence drive Infrastructure · Some Infrastructures Physical Materials · People, 350 families · 500 Death · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 15 Livestock, · 1000 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal Water sources & distribution · 150 Displace · Use of low quality construction social pipes- Well, Physical · Destruction of Materials in building Materials, Houses, 10% of House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Land infrastructures · Having traditional attitude Earthquake · Infrastructures- 100% · Dense House attached with each Road, Communication, other Health sub post, School, KIR MUN Markets & Shop 11 · 80% Natural Resource, 90% Economic Source · 100% Livelihood · People, 200 Families · Death · Unmanaged old wiring of electric Physical · Some Physical- Schools, · Injure wire, Laying Naked Electric wire Infrastructures water supply, electricity · 5% Displace · Carelessness handling of LPG gas Attitudinal obstruction, · Burnt Physical and ignition materials and their Fire · Some Infrastructures- 50 property -Houses, storage Household, 50 % Livestock, Physical Materials · Lack of knowledge & Skill 5% water source · Burn · Having traditional attitude · Infrastructures · Attached Houses,

· People, 200 families · 500 Death · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 100% Livestock, · 1000 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal Water sources & distribution · 150 Displace · Use of low quality construction social pipes- Well, Physical · Destruction of Materials in building Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Land infrastructures · Having traditional attitude Earthquake · Infrastructures- 100% Road, · Dense House attached with each Communication, Health sub other post, School, Markets & Shop · Weak and very old House with mud KIR MUN · 80% Natural Resource, 90% tile, CGI sheet on roofs, 16 Economic Source · 100% Livelihood · People · Death · Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical · 200 Families · Injure · Having traditional attitude Infrastructures · Some Physical- Schools, · 5% Displace · Keeping thatch and firewood in Attitudinal water supply, electricity · Burnt Physical kitchen Fire obstruction, property - · Carelessness of individual · Some Infrastructures- 50 Houses, Physical · Short circuit of the electric wire Household, 50 % Livestock, Materials · Lack of Money 5% water source · Burn Infrastructures · People · Death · Old House and other structures Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water · Injury · Knowledge of House constructed Infrastructures sources, Physical Materials, · Displace with earthquake resistant Attitudinal Houses, Land · Demolition of techniques Earthquake · Infrastructures-Road, House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Communication, Health, infrastructures · Having traditional attitude School, Markets & Shop · Fire · Lack of Money · Livelihood

· People · Burn/Death · Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water · Burnt Physical · Having traditional attitude Infrastructures MTM-3 sources property -Houses, · Keeping thatch and firewood in Attitudinal Fire · 20% Infrastructures Physical Materials kitchen · 10% Livelihood · Burn · Carelessness of individual Infrastructures · Short circuit of the electric wire · Lack of Money · People · Jaundice, Diarrhea · Lack of water supply in public Toilet Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water and dysentery · No attention on sanitation Infrastructures sources · Death · Open defecation Attitudinal · 20% Livelihood · Itching, watering · Turbid water supply during rainy Epidemic of eyes season (conjunctivitis) · Treatment with sorcerer · Blind · Having traditional attitude

· People · Death · Old House and other structures Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water · Injury · Knowledge of House constructed Infrastructures sources, Physical Materials, · Displace with earthquake resistant Attitudinal Houses, Land · Demolition of techniques · Infrastructures-Road, House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Earthquake Communication, Health, infrastructures · Having traditional attitude- Press the School, Markets & Shop · Fire earth with thumb and shout, God · Livelihood changes her daughter from one MTN -6 shoulder to another · Movement of land · Lack of Money · People- children · Burn/Death · Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water · Burnt Physical · Having traditional attitude Infrastructures Attitudinal sources property -Houses, · Carelessness of individual Fire · Infrastructures Physical Materials · Short circuit of the electric wire · Livelihood · Burn · Lack of Money Infrastructures ·

· People- children, Old, women · Jaundice, Diarrhea · No attention on sanitation Physical · Physical- Water sources, and dysentery · Open defecation Infrastructures Attitudinal · Eye · Death · Turbid water supply during rainy · Itching, watering Epidemic · Livelihood season of eyes (conjunctivitis) · Treatment with sorcerer · Blind · Having traditional attitude · · People · Death/ burn/ · Destruction of House Physical · Physical-Livestock, Physical Displace - · Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures Attitudinal Materials, Water sources, People, Livestock · Having traditional attitude Houses · Burnt/ Demolish Storm · No preparedness for disaster · Infrastructures- of Physical · Lack of Money Communication, Health, property -Houses, School, Markets & Shop Physical Materials · Livelihood · Fire · People · Injury- People, · Cultivated land flooded, Destruction Physical · Physical-House, Land, Water Livestock of crops Infrastructures Flood source & distribution pipes, · Flooded of land · Lack of knowledge & Skill Attitudinal · Erosion of fertile · Having traditional attitude soil · Heavy Rainfall · Some People · Burn/Death · Carelessness of the people Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water · Burnt Physical · Throwing ignite cigarettes on thatch Infrastructures sources property -Houses, · Improper handling of lPG gas Attitudinal Fire · Infrastructures- Physical Materials · Naked electric wire · Livelihood · Burn · Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures · Having traditional attitude MTM-8 · Lack of money · 1160 People · Death · Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical · Physical- 25 Livestock, · Injury · Having traditional attitude Infrastructures Water sources, Physical · Displace · illiterate people in community Attitudinal Materials, 253 Houses, Land Earthquake · Demolition of · Lack of Money · Infrastructures-Road, House, · Lack of open space Communication, Health, infrastructures · Narrow width of Road School, Markets & Shop · Fire · Lack of Money · Livelihood · 350 People · Death · Old House and other structures Physical · Physical- Livestock, Water · Injury · Knowledge of House constructed Attitudinal sources, Physical Materials, · Displace without earthquake resistant 350 Houses, Land · Demolition of techniques · Infrastructures-Road, House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Earthquake Communication, Health, infrastructures · Having traditional attitude- Press the School, Markets & Shop · Fire earth with thumb and shout, God · Livelihood changes her daughter from one shoulder to another, God gets angry · Movement of land · Lack of Money · People- children, Old , · Chicken pox, · Turbid water supply Physical women, Diarrhea and · Treatment with sorcerer Infrastructures · Physical-Livestock, Water dysentery · Spread of Communicable disease Attitudinal Epidemic sources · Sick (Chicken pox, Jaundice) · Livelihood · Death · Lack of knowledge & Skill MTM-10 · · Having traditional attitude · Dumping site near inhabitant · People- children, old, women · Burn/Death · Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water · Burnt Physical · Having traditional attitude Attitudinal sources property -Houses, · Throwing cigarette with ignite Fire · Infrastructures- Physical Materials · Carelessness of individual communication, Health post, · Burn · Short circuit of the electric wire School, Market Infrastructures · Lack of Money · Livelihood · People · Death/ burn/ · Old House Physical · Physical-Livestock, Physical Displace - · Lack of knowledge & Skill Attitudinal Materials, Water sources, People, Livestock · Having traditional attitude Houses · Burnt/ Demolish Storm · No preparedness for disaster · Infrastructures- of Physical · Lack of Money Communication, Health, property -Houses, School, Markets & Shop Physical Materials · Livelihood · Fire MTM-14 Earthquake · 2215 People · Death · Old House and other structures Physical

· Physical- Livestock, Water · Injury · Knowledge of House constructed Attitudinal sources, Physical Materials, · Displace without earthquake resistant 434 Houses, Land · Demolition of techniques · Infrastructures-Road, House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Communication, Health, infrastructures · Having traditional attitude- Press the School, Markets & Shop · Fire earth with thumb and shout, God · Livelihood changes her daughter from one shoulder to another, God gets angry · Movement of land · Lack of Money · People- children, Old , · Chicken pox, · Turbid water supply Physical women, Diarrhea and · Treatment with sorcerer Infrastructures · Physical-Livestock, Water dysentery · Spread of Communicable disease Attitudinal Epidemic sources · Sick (Chicken pox, Jaundice) · Livelihood · Death · Lack of knowledge & Skill · Having traditional attitude · Dumping site near inhabitant · People- children, old, women · Burn/Death · Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water · Burnt Physical · Having traditional attitude Attitudinal sources property -Houses, · Throwing cigarette with ignite Fire · Infrastructures- Physical Materials · Carelessness of individual communication, Health post, · Burn · Short circuit of the electric wire School, Market Infrastructures · Lack of Money · Livelihood · People · Death/ burn/ · Old House Physical · Physical-Livestock, Physical Displace - · Lack of knowledge & Skill Attitudinal Materials, Water sources, People, Livestock · Having traditional attitude Houses · Burnt/ Demolish · No preparedness for disaster Storm · Infrastructures- of Physical Communication, Health, property -Houses, School, Markets & Shop Physical Materials · Livelihood · Fire · People- children, Old, · Death · Old dense House and other Physical Women, pregnant women · Injury structures Attitudinal · Physical-Livestock, Water · Displace · House constructed without sources, Physical Materials, · Demolition of earthquake resistant techniques Houses, Land House, · Lack of knowledge & Skill Earthquake · Infrastructures-Road, infrastructures · Having traditional attitude- Press the Communication, Health, · Fire earth with thumb and shout, God School, Markets & Shop changes her daughter from one · Livelihood shoulder to another, God gets angry · Movement of land · Lack of Money · People- children · Burn/Death · Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical MTM-16 · Physical-Livestock, Water · Burnt Physical · Having traditional attitude Social sources property -Houses, · Throwing cigarette with ignite Attitudinal · Infrastructures- Physical Materials · Carelessness of individual Fire communication, Market · Burn · Short circuit of the electric wire · Livelihood Infrastructures · Lack of Money · {improper handling of LPG gas · Load shedding · People- children, Old · Diarrhea and · Turbid water supply Physical · Physical-Livestock, dysentery · Treatment with sorcerer Social · Livelihood · Death · Spread of Communicable disease Attitudinal Epidemic · Itching, watering ((Conjunctivitis, Jaundice) of eyes · Lack of knowledge & Skill (conjunctivitis) · Having traditional attitude · Blind · People · Death · Old House and other structures Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water · Injury · Knowledge of House constructed Infrastructures sources, Physical Materials, · Displace with earthquake resistant Social Houses, Land · Demolition of techniques Attitudinal Earthquake · 20% Infrastructures-Road, House, · Narrow road width Bhaktapur Communication, Health, infrastructures · Lack of safe open space -5 School, Markets & Shop · Fire · Lack of knowledge & Skill · 10% Livelihood · Having traditional attitude · Lack of Money · People- children · Burn/Death · Lack of knowledge & Skill Physical Fire · Physical-Livestock, Water · Burnt Physical · Having traditional attitude Infrastructures sources property -Houses, · Keeping thatch and firewood in Attitudinal

· Infrastructures Physical Materials kitchen · Livelihood Burn · Carelessness of individual Infrastructures · Short circuit of the electric wire · Lack of Money · People- children, Old · Jaundice, Diarrhea · Turbid water supply Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water and dysentery · Treatment with sorcerer Infrastructures sources · Death · Spread of Communicable disease Attitudinal Epidemic · 20% Livelihood · Itching, watering ((Conjunctivitis, Jaundice) of eyes · Lack of knowledge & Skill (conjunctivitis) · Having traditional attitude · Blind · People · Death · Old House Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water · Injury · Knowledge of House constructed Infrastructures sources, Physical Materials, · Displace with earthquake resistant Social Houses, Land · Demolition of techniques Attitudinal · Infrastructures-Road, House, · Narrow road width Earthquake Communication, Health, infrastructures · Lack of safe open space School, Markets & Shop · Fire · High people density · Livelihood · Lack of knowledge & Skill · Having traditional attitude · Lack of Money · People- children · Burn/Death · Dense Houses Physical Bhaktapur · Physical-Livestock, Water · Burnt Physical · Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures sources property -Houses, Social -7 · Having traditional attitude · Livelihood Physical Materials · Narrow road width Attitudinal Fire · Keeping thatch and firewood in kitchen · Carelessness of individual · Lack of Money · People · Death/ burn/ · Old House · Physical-Livestock, Physical Displace - · Lack of knowledge & Skill Materials, Water sources, People, Livestock · Having traditional attitude Houses · Burnt/ Demolish Strom · No preparedness for disaster · Infrastructures- of Physical · Lack of Money Communication, Health, property -Houses, School, Markets & Shop Physical Materials · Livelihood · Fire · People · Death · Old House Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water · Injury · Knowledge of House constructed Infrastructures sources, Physical Materials, · Displace without earthquake resistant Social Houses, Land · Demolition of techniques Attitudinal · Infrastructures-Road, House, · Narrow road width Earthquake Communication, Health, infrastructures · Lack of safe open space School, Markets & Shop · Fire · High people density Livelihood · Lack of knowledge & Skill · Having traditional attitude · Lack of Money · People- children · Diarrhea and · Dense House Physical · Physical-Livestock, Water dysentery · Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures sources · Death · Having traditional attitude Social Livelihood · Itching, watering · Narrow road width Attitudinal Fire of eyes · Keeping thatch and firewood in Bhaktapur (conjunctivitis) kitchen -8 Blind · Carelessness of individual · Lack of Money · People · Burn/Death · Turbid water supply Physical · Physical-Livestock, Physical · Burnt Physical · Treatment with sorcerer Infrastructures Materials, Water sources, property -Houses, · Spread of Communicable disease Social Houses Physical Materials ((Conjunctivitis) Attitudinal Epidemic · Infrastructures- · Lack of knowledge & Skill Communication, Health, · Having traditional attitude School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · People · Death/ burn/ · Old House Physical · Physical- Physical Materials, Displace - · Lack of knowledge & Skill Infrastructures Water sources, Houses People, Livestock · Having traditional attitude Social Storm · Infrastructures- · Burnt/ Demolish · No preparedness for disaster Attitudinal Communication, Health, of Physical · Lack of Money School, Markets & Shop property -Houses, Livelihood Physical Materials

· People · Burn/Death · Lack of Public awareness Physical, · Physical-Livestock, Physical · Burnt Physical · Lack of trainings Infrastructures Materials, Water sources, property -Houses, · No preparedness Attitudinal Houses Physical Materials Fire · Lack of Money · Infrastructures- Communication, Health, School, Markets & Shop Livelihood Bhaktapur · People · Death/ burn/ · Lack of Public awareness Physical, Displace - Infrastructures -9 ·Property ·Lack of trainings People, Livestock Attitudinal Storm · Infrastructures · No preparedness of relief Materials Burnt Physical · Lack of Money property -Houses, Physical Materials · People · Diarrhea and · Lack of Public awareness Physical, dysentery · Lack of trainings Infrastructures · Death · No preparedness Attitudinal Epidemic · Itching, watering of eyes Blind · People · Death/ Injured · Lack of Public awareness Physical, · Property · Livestock · Lack of trainings Infrastructures · Infrastructures · Physical Materials · No preparedness of relief Materials Collapse of Road, Earthquake · Lack of Money Communication, Health Buildings, School buildings, Market · People · Death/ burn/ · Lack of pond, fire brigade Physical Bhaktapur · Property Displace - · Lack of Money -12 · Livestock People, Livestock Fire Burnt Physical property -Houses, Water supply, Physical Materials · People · Diarrhea and · Waste, Physical, Livelihood dysentery · Lack of Health Expert and Hospital infrastructures · Death Epidemic · Itching, watering of eyes Blind · People · Death/ Injured · Lack of Public awareness Physical, · Property · Livestock · Lack of trainings, Infrastructures · Physical Materials · No preparedness of relief Materials Collapse of Road, Earthquake · Lack of Money Communication, Health Buildings, School buildings, Markey · People · Death/ Injured/ · Lack of pond, fire brigade Physical Bhaktapur · Property Displace - · Lack of Money -13 · Livestock People, Livestock · Burnt Physical Fire property -Houses, Water supply, Physical Materials

· People · Diarrhea and · Waste, Lack of Health Expert and Physical, Livelihood dysentery Hospital infrastructures Epidemic · Death · Livestock Physical Materials · People · Death/ Injured/ · not presence of organization Physical, · Property Displace - (INGO/NGO) Infrastructures People, Livestock · Lack of Public awareness Bhaktapur · Physical-Houses, · Lack of trainings, No preparedness of -14 Earthquake Water supply, relief Materials Physical Materials · Collapse of Infrastructures Loss of Property

· People · Death/ Injured/ · not presence of organization Physical · Property Displace - (INGO/NGO) · Livestock People, Livestock · Lack of pond, fire brigade Fire Burnt Physical · Lack of Money property -Houses, Water supply, Physical Materials · 2143 People · Diarrhea and · Lack of Public awareness Physical, dysentery · Lack of trainings, Infrastructures · Death · Turbid water during rainy season Attitudinal Water · Meal taken without washing hand Sanitation & · Waste dumping on road, public Hygiene places, River · No preparedness of relief Materials · No Human resource · Lack of Money · People · Itching & Burning · Lack of Public awareness on Physical · Water sources of Eyes disaster reduction Social · Eye · Blind · Turbid water during rainy season physical · Meal taken without washing hand · Waste dumping on road, public Epidemic places, River · Hiding disease by women · Changing of climate cause conjunctivitis · Lack of Money · People · Death/ Injury/ · Lack of Public awareness Physical, · Property Displace - · Lack of trainings, Infrastructures · Infrastructures People, Livestock · No preparedness of relief Materials Attitudinal · Livelihood · Physical-Houses, · No Human resource Earthquake Water supply, · Lack of Money Physical Materials · Collapse of Infrastructures Loss of Property · People · Death/ Injured/ · Lack of Public awareness Physical, · Property Displace - · Lack of trainings, Infrastructures People, Livestock · No preparedness of relief Materials Attitudinal Fire · Burnt Physical · No Human resource property -Houses, Bhaktapur · Lack of Money Water supply, -16 Physical Materials · People · Damage of · Lack of Public awareness Physical, Land infrastructures · Lack of trainings, Infrastructures Flood · Loss of life · No preparedness of relief Materials Attitudinal Loss of Property · No Human resource · People · Death/ Injury/ · Lack of Public awareness on Physical · Property Displace - disaster reduction Social · Infrastructures People, Livestock · Turbid water during rainy season physical · Livelihood · Physical-Houses, · Meal taken without washing hand Water supply, · Waste dumping on road, public Epidemic Physical Materials places, River · Collapse of · Hiding disease by women Infrastructures · Changing of climate cause · Loss of Property conjunctivitis · Lack of Money · People, 900 families · 2193 Dead · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 50% Livestock · 4386 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal 80% Water sources & · 100% Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill Social distribution pipes- Well, 20% · Destruction of · Having traditional attitude Physical Materials, 1000 House, · Dense House attached with each Earthquake Houses, 1/3rd of Land infrastructures, other LALI Sub · Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural · Weak and very old House with mud MUN 1 80% Communication, 50% Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs, Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · 731 People , 10% Family · Dead · Dense Traffic Physical Road Accident · Physical- vehicle damaged · Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal · Some Infrastructures · Damage of · Negligence in drive and avoiding Infrastructure

damaged Physical Materials traffic rules

· 731 People , · Water born · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- Water sources Disease- Jaundice, earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal contaminated, Diarrhea and · Lack of knowledge & Skill Social · Spreading of Communicable dysentery · Having traditional attitude Epidemic disease · Dead · Dense House attached with each · Households, close other of schools, · Weak and very old House with mud Community tile, CGI sheet on roofs, · 9884 People, 45% families · 1161 Dead · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 50% Livestock · 2322 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal 80% Water sources & · Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill Social distribution pipes- Well, 20% Destruction of · Having traditional attitude Physical Materials, 1068 House, · Dense House attached with each Earthquake Houses, 1/3rd of Land infrastructures, other · Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural Resources · Weak and very old House with mud 80% Communication, 50% tile, CGI sheet on roofs, Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop LALI Sub · 50% Livelihood MUN 3 · 247 People , · Dead · Dense Traffic Physical · Physical- vehicle damaged · Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road Accident · Some Infrastructures · Damage of · Negligence in drive and avoiding Infrastructure damaged Physical Materials traffic rules · 247 People , · Water born · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- Water sources Disease- Jaundice, earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal contaminated, Diarrhea and · Lack of knowledge & Skill Social · Spreading of Communicable dysentery · Having traditional attitude Epidemic disease · Dead · Dense House attached with each · Households, close other of schools, · Weak and very old House with mud Community tile, CGI sheet on roofs, · People, · 1161 Dead · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 50% Livestock · 2322 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal 80% Water sources & · Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill Social distribution pipes- Well, 20% · Destruction of · Having traditional attitude Physical Materials, 498 House, · Dense House attached with each Earthquake Houses, 1/3rd of Land infrastructures, other LALI Sub · Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural · Weak and very old House with mud MUN 6 80% Communication, 50% Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs, Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · People , · 38 Dead · Dense Traffic Physical · Physical- vehicle damaged · 380 Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road Accident · Some Infrastructures · Damage of · Negligence in drive and avoiding Infrastructure damaged Physical Materials traffic rules · People, · 1516 Dead · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 50% Livestock · 3032 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal 80% Water sources & · Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill Social distribution pipes- Well, 20% · Destruction of · Having traditional attitude Physical Materials, 544 House, · Dense House attached with each Earthquake Houses, 1/3rd of Land infrastructures, other LALI Sub · Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural · Weak and very old House with mud MUN 7 80% Communication, 50% Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs, Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · People , · 50 Dead · Dense Traffic Physical · Physical- vehicle damaged · 100 Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road Accident · Some Infrastructures · Damage of · Negligence in drive and avoiding Infrastructure damaged Physical Materials traffic rules · People, · 2162 Dead · Many Houses constructed without Physical LALI Sub · Physical- 50% Livestock · 4300 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal 80% Water sources & · 100% Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill Social MUN 8 Earthquake distribution pipes- Well, 20% · Destruction of · Having traditional attitude Physical Materials, 600 House, · Dense House attached with each Houses, 1/3rd of Land infrastructures, other

· Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural · Weak and very old House with mud 80% Communication, 50% Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs, Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · 144 People , · Dead · Dense Traffic Physical · Physical- vehicle damaged · Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road Accident · Some Infrastructures · Damage of · Negligence in drive and avoiding Infrastructure damaged Physical Materials traffic rules · 144 People , · Water born · Waste dumping near inhabitants Physical · Physical- Water sources Disease- Jaundice, · Evolution of bad smell Infrastructures contaminated, Diarrhea and · Turbid water supply during rainy Attitudinal · Spreading of Communicable dysentery Economic season Epidemic disease · Dead · Households, close · Having traditional attitude of schools, · Lack of knowledge about sanitation Community · Uterus problem in most women · Insufficient drinking water supply · People, · 1833 Dead · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 50% Livestock · 3636 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal 80% Water sources & · Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill Social distribution pipes- Well, 20% · Destruction of · Having traditional attitude Physical Materials, 584 House, · Dense House attached with each Earthquake Houses, 1/3rd of Land infrastructures, other · Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural · Weak and very old House with mud 80% Communication, 50% Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs, Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood LALI Sub · 72 People · Dead · Dense Traffic Physical MUN 9 · Physical- vehicle damaged · Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road Accident · Some Infrastructures · Damage of · Negligence in drive and avoiding Infrastructure damaged Physical Materials traffic rules · 122 People , · Water born · Waste dumping near inhabitants Physical · Physical- Water sources Disease- Jaundice, · Evolution of bad smell Infrastructures Attitudinal contaminated, Diarrhea and · Turbid water supply during rainy · Spreading of Communicable dysentery Economic season Epidemic disease · Dead · Households, close · Having traditional attitude of schools, · Lack of knowledge about sanitation Community · Uterus problem in most women · Insufficient drinking water supply · People, · 1086 Dead · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 50% Livestock · 2160 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal Water sources & distribution · Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill social pipes- Well, 20% Physical · Destruction of · Having traditional attitude Materials, 524 Houses, 1/3rd House, · Dense House attached with each Earthquake of Land infrastructures, other LALI Sub · Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural · Weak and very old House with mud MUN 11 80% Communication, 50% Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs, Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · 72 People , · Dead · Dense Traffic Physical · Physical- vehicle damaged · Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road Accident · Some Infrastructures · Damage of · Negligence in drive and avoiding Infrastructure damaged Physical Materials traffic rules · People, · 1080 Dead · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 50% Livestock · 2160 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal 80% Water sources & · Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill social distribution pipes- Well, 20% · Destruction of · Having traditional attitude LALI Sub Physical Materials, Houses, House, · Dense House attached with each MUN 12 Earthquake 1/3rd of Land infrastructures, other · Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural · Weak and very old House with mud 80% Communication, 50% Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs, Health sub post, 10% School, 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood

· 75 People , · Water born · Waste dumping near inhabitants Physical · Physical- Water sources Disease- Jaundice, · Evolution of bad smell Infrastructures Attitudinal contaminated, Diarrhea and · Turbid water supply during rainy · Spreading of Communicable dysentery Economic season Epidemic disease · Dead · Households, close · Having traditional attitude of schools, · Lack of knowledge about sanitation Community · Uterus problem in most women · Insufficient drinking water supply · People, · 6600 Dead · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 50% Livestock · 13200 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal 80% Water sources & · Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill social distribution pipes- Well, · Destruction of · Having traditional attitude Physical Materials, Houses, 2 House, · Dense House attached with each Earthquake Ha of Land infrastructures, other LALI Sub · Infrastructures- 60% Road, Natural · Weak and very old House with mud MUN 13 80% Communication, 40% Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs, Health sub post, 10% School, · 70% Markets & Shop · 50% Livelihood · 330 People , · Dead · Dense Traffic Physical · Physical- vehicle damaged · Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road Accident · Some Infrastructures · Damage of · Negligence in drive and avoiding Infrastructure damaged Physical Materials traffic rules · People, · 1160 Dead · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 80% Water · 2330 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal sources & distribution pipes- · Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill social Well, 20% Physical Materials, · Destruction of · Having traditional attitude Houses, 2 Ha of Land House, · Dense House attached with each Earthquake · Infrastructures- Road, infrastructures, other Communication, Health sub Natural · Weak and very old House with mud post, School, Markets & Shop Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs, · 50% Livelihood

LALI Sub · 110 People , · Jaundice, Diarrhea · Waste dumping near inhabitats Physical MUN 16 · Physical- Water sources and dysentery · Evolution of bad smell Infrastructures contaminated, · Dead · Turbid water supply during rainy Attitudinal · Spreading of Communicable · Households, close Economic season Epidemic disease of schools, Community · Having traditional attitude · Lack of knowledge about sanitation · Uterus problem in most women · Insufficient drinking water supply · 110 People , · Dead · Dense Traffic Physical · Physical- vehicle damaged · Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road Accident · Some Infrastructures · Damage of · Negligence in drive Infrastructure damaged Physical Materials · People, · 1800 Dead · Many Houses constructed without Physical · Physical- 50% Livestock, · 4500 Injury earthquake resistant techniques Attitudinal 80% Water sources & · Displace · Lack of knowledge & Skill social distribution pipes- Well, 20% · Destruction of · Having traditional attitude Physical Materials, Houses, 2 House, · Dense House attached with each Earthquake Ha of Land infrastructures, other · Infrastructures- 100% Road, Natural · Weak and very old House with mud Communication, Health sub Resources tile, CGI sheet on roofs, post, School, Markets & Shop · · 60% Livelihood LALI Sub · 600 People , · Jaundice, Diarrhea · Waste dumping in Tukuchha River Physical MUN 22 · Physical- Water sources and dysentery · Evolution of bad smell Infrastructures Attitudinal contaminated, · Dead · Turbid water supply during rainy · Spreading of Communicable · Households, close Economic season Epidemic disease of schools, Community · Having traditional attitude · Lack of knowledge about sanitation · Uterus problem in most women · Insufficient drinking water supply · 600 People · Dead · Dense Traffic Physical · Physical- vehicle damaged · Injury · Narrow road width Attitudinal Road Accident · Some Infrastructures · Damage of · Negligence in drive Infrastructure damaged Physical Materials

Table 4: Capacity Matrix VDC Ward Hazard Element at risk Coping mechanism Resource used Capacity factor

· People, 805 families · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water sources earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, & distribution pipes- · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical Well, Physical · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals operation Attitudinal of Land · Construction of Earthquake · Infrastructures- Road, resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Earthquake Communication, people purchased nearby Market Health sub post, School, · Government took ignition in · People having Knowledge of Markets & Shop widening the road building equipped with earthquake · Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human KTM · Some Physical- Schools, · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Metro-2 water supply, · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Physical electricity obstruction, · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Fire · Some Infrastructures- · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Attitudinal · 1% Livelihood disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local · clubs. · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation · People · Monitor water sources · Toilet in every house Human · Physical- Water sources regularly · Water supply from NWSA contaminated, · Maintain Proper sanitation · Capable to purchase drinking water Physical · Still Use of local Sesser for the jar treatment · Deep tube well boring in most Attitudinal · Immediately consult with Epidemic houses Doctors · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic

· People, · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, KTM sources & distribution · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical pipes- Well, Physical · Observe the abnormal behavior Metro-10 Earthquake Manpower for the rescue and relief Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals operation Organizational of Land · Construction of Earthquake · Infrastructures- Road, resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Communication, people purchased nearby Market

Health sub post, School, · Government took ignition in · People having Knowledge of Attitudinal Markets & Shop widening the road building equipped with earthquake · 100% Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · 18000 People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Some Physical- Schools, · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation water supply, · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Physical electricity obstruction, · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Fire · Some Infrastructures- · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Organizational · 1% Livelihood disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local clubs. Attitudinal · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation · People, · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, sources & distribution · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical pipes- Well, Physical · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals operation Organizational of Land · Construction of Earthquake · Infrastructures- Road, resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Earthquake Attitudinal Communication, people purchased nearby Market Health sub post, School, · People having Knowledge of Markets & Shop building equipped with earthquake · 100% Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · 600 People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Some Physical- Schools, · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation water supply, · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Physical electricity · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Fire obstruction,150 · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Organizational Households disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local KTM · Some Infrastructures- clubs. Attitudinal · 1% Livelihood · Space available for safe shelter Metro-12 during relief operation · 15 People · Public Awareness · Local Materials are available and Human · Physical-Livestock, · Towards the Preparedness for used Physical Materials, disaster · Available of manpower and Physical Water sources, 95 · Used Local Materials Organizations Storm Households · Strengthening the roof Organizational · Infrastructures- · Available Self-earned Money Communication, Health, Attitudinal School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · 300 People · Monitor water sources · Toilet in every house Human · Physical- Water sources regularly · Water supply from NWSA contaminated, · Maintain Proper sanitation · Capable to purchase drinking water Physical · Still Use of local Sesser for the jar treatment · Deep tube well boring in most Organizational · Immediately consult with Epidemic houses Doctors · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , ivate clinic

· People, · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, sources & distribution · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical pipes- Well, Physical · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief KTM Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals operation Organizational Metro-15 Earthquake of Land · Construction of Earthquake · Infrastructures- Road, resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Attitudinal Communication, people purchased nearby Market Health sub post, School, · People having Knowledge of Markets & Shop building equipped with earthquake · 100% Livelihood

technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Some Physical- · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Schools, water supply, · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Physical electricity obstruction, · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Fire · Some Infrastructures- · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Organizational · 1% Livelihood disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local · clubs. Attitudinal · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation · People · Public Awareness · Local Materials are available and Human · Physical-Livestock, · Towards the Preparedness for used Physical Materials, disaster · Available of manpower and Physical Water sources, 95 · Used Local Materials Organizations Storm Households · Strengthening the roof Organizational · Infrastructures- · Available Self-earned Money Communication, Health, Attitudinal School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · 300 People · Monitor water sources · Toilet in every house Human · Physical- Water regularly · Water supply from NWSA sources, · Maintain Proper sanitation · Capable to purchase drinking water Physical · 30 Household, · Still Use of local Sesser for the jar treatment · Deep tube well boring in most Organizational · Immediately consult with Epidemic houses Doctors Attitudinal · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic

· People · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water sources earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, & distribution pipes- · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical Well, Physical · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals operation Economy of Land · Construction of Earthquake · Infrastructures- Road, resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Earthquake Organizational Communication, people purchased nearby Market Health sub post, School, · People having Knowledge of Markets & Shop building equipped with earthquake · 100% Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · 2200 People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Some Physical- · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Schools, water supply, · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Physical KTM electricity obstruction · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Metro-16 · Some Infrastructures- · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Fire Organizational · 5% Livelihood disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local clubs. · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation

· People · Public Awareness · Local Materials are available and Human · Physical-Livestock, · Preparedness for disaster used Physical Materials, · Available of manpower and Physical Water sources, Houses Storm Organizations · Infrastructures- Attitudinal Communication, Health, · Available Self-earned Money School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · 10000 People · Monitor water sources · Toilet in every house Human · Physical- Water regularly · Water supply from NWSA Epidemic sources, · Maintain Proper sanitation · Capable to purchase drinking water Physical · Household, · Still Use of local Sesser for the jar

treatment · Deep tube well boring in most Organizational · Immediately consult with houses Doctors · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic

· People · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water sources earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, & distribution pipes- · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical Well, Physical · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals Economy operation of Land · Construction of Earthquake · Infrastructures- Road, resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational Earthquake Communication, people purchased nearby Market Health sub post, School, · People having Knowledge of Markets & Shop building equipped with earthquake · 100% Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · 2200 People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Some Physical- · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Schools, water supply, · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Physical electricity obstruction · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Fire · Some Infrastructures- · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Organizational KTM · 5% Livelihood disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local clubs. Metro-18 · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation · 800 People · Public Awareness · Local Materials are available and Human · 4% Physical- Water used sources, · Available of manpower and Physical

Storm Organizations Organizational · Available Self-earned Money

Epidemic · People · Monitor water sources · Toilet in every house Human · Physical- vehicle regularly · Water supply from NWSA damaged · Maintain Proper sanitation · Capable to purchase drinking water Physical · Some Infrastructures · Still Use of local Sesser for the jar treatment · Deep tube well boring in most Organizational · Immediately consult with houses Doctors · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic

Earthquake · People · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, sources & distribution · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical pipes- 25% Well, 85% · Observe the abnormal Manpower for the rescue and relief Physical Materials, behavior of birds and animals operation Infrastructures Houses, 1/3rd of Land · Construction of Earthquake · Infrastructures- 60% resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Attitudinal Road, 80% people purchased nearby Market Communication, 50% · People having Knowledge of KTM Health sub post, School, building equipped with earthquake Metro-23 Markets & Shop technology · 100% Livelihood · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club Fire · 400 People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Some Physical- Schools · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation · Some Infrastructures · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Physical · 1% Livelihood · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Organizational disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local · clubs.

· Space available for safe shelter during relief operation · People · Give attention to the sanitation · Toilet in every house Human · 55% Physical- Water · Keep food safe · Water supply from NWSA Physical sources, 155 · Monitor water sources · Capable to purchase drinking water Attitudinal Household, regularly jar structural Epidemic Social · · Proper sanitation · Deep tube well boring in most · Purify water before drinking houses

· Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · People · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, sources & distribution · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical pipes- Well, Physical · Observe the abnormal Manpower for the rescue and relief Materials, Houses, 1/3rd behavior of birds and animals operation Infrastructures of Land · Construction of Earthquake · Infrastructures- Road, resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Earthquake Attitudinal Communication, people purchased nearby Market Health sub post, School, · People having Knowledge of Markets & Shop building equipped with earthquake · 100% Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · 600 People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Some Physical- Schools, · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation water supply, · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Physical electricity obstruction · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market · Some Infrastructures- · Immediate take action by Fire · Alert the community about fire Organizational · 1% Livelihood disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local KTM clubs. Metro-27 · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation

Storm · 1400 People, 40 · Public Awareness · Local Materials are available and Human families · Preparedness for disaster used · Physical-Livestock, · Available of manpower and Physical Physical Materials, Organizations Water sources, Houses Organizational · Infrastructures- · Available Self-earned Money Communication, Health, · Attitudinal School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood Epidemic · 300 People , 75 · Monitor water sources · Toilet in every house Human families regularly · Water supply from NWSA · Physical- Water · Maintain Proper sanitation · Capable to purchase drinking water Physical sources, · Still Use of local Sesser for the jar treatment · Deep tube well boring in most Organizational · Immediately consult with houses Doctors · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic · People · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, sources & distribution · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical pipes- Well, Physical · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Materials, Houses, 2 Ha of birds and animals operation Infrastructures of Land · Construction of Earthquake KTM · Infrastructures- 60% resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Attitudinal Metro-28 Earthquake Road, 80% people purchased nearby Market Communication, 50% · People having Knowledge of Health sub post, School, building equipped with earthquake Markets & Shop technology · Livelihood · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club

Road · People · Capable to get treatment from · Traffic Police Human Accident · some Families nearby Hospital · Local CBOs and Club · Physical- Schools · Immediate action by traffic · Rules & Regulation of Traffic Physical · Infrastructures police · Widening of Road 10% Livelihood Attitudinal

Infrastructures

· People · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, sources & distribution · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Physical pipes- Well, Physical · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Materials, Houses, 580 of birds and animals operation Infrastructures Ha of Land · Construction of Earthquake · Infrastructures-Road, resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be

Earthquake Communication, 1 people purchased nearby Market Health sub post, School, · People having Knowledge of Markets & Shop building equipped with earthquake · Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, KTM club

Metro-29 Fire · 700 People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Physical- Schools · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation · Infrastructures · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Physical · Livelihood · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Organizational disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local · clubs. · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation · Road · People · Capable to get treatment from · Self-earned money Human Accident · Damage Physical Hospital · Strict Traffic rules Physical Materials · Immediate action by traffic · Insured vehicle Economic police

· 18000 People · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical sources & distribution · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Infrastructures Organization pipes- Well, Physical · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Materials, Houses, 1084 of birds and animals Social operation Ha of Land · Construction of Earthquake Economic · Infrastructures-Road, resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Attitudinal Earthquake Communication, 1 people purchased nearby Market Health sub post, School, · People having Knowledge of Markets & Shop building equipped with earthquake KTM · 100% Livelihood technology Metro-30 · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · 18000 People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Physical- Schools · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation · Infrastructures · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Physical · 2% Livelihood · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Fire · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Organizational disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local clubs. · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation · 15000 People · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- Water earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical sources & distribution · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Infrastructures KTM Organization pipes- Well, Physical · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Metro-31 Earthquake Materials, Houses, 1/3rd of birds and animals Social operation Land · Construction of Earthquake Economic · Infrastructures-Road, resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Attitudinal Communication, 1 people purchased nearby Market Health sub post, School, · People having Knowledge of

Markets & Shop building equipped with earthquake · 100 % Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club

· 3000 People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · 100 Families · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation · Physical- Schools · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Physical · Infrastructures · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market · Immediate take action by Fire · 10% Livelihood · Alert the community about fire Organizational disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local · clubs. · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation · · 12000 People · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- 20 Livestock, earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical Water sources & · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Infrastructures Organization distribution pipes, Well, · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Physical Materials, of birds and animals Social operation Houses, 1/3rd Land · Construction of Earthquake Economic · Infrastructures-Road, resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Attitudinal Communication, 1 people purchased nearby Market Health sub post, School, · Space available for safe shelter · People having Knowledge of Markets & Shop during relief operation building equipped with earthquake Earthquake · Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Physical Materials and food can be KTM purchased nearby Market Metro-34 · Immediately Rehabilitate the sufferer · Can be used local resources

· 100 People · Capable to change CGI roof · Self-earned money Human · Physical- Schools with RCC roof · Wide road Physical · Infrastructures · Easy access of fire brigade in all · Water in nearby river Infrastructures Fire location · Available Fire brigades Social · Good Management of · Available skilled and unskilled Economic Communication people Attitudinal · Making awareness in people · 30 People · Capable to get treatment from · Self-earned money Human · Damage Physical Hospital · Strict Traffic rules Physical Road Materials · Immediate action by traffic Economic accident police

· 755 People · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- some earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical Livestock, Water · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Organizational sources & distribution · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Attitudinal pipes- Well, Physical of birds and animals operation Materials, Houses, 104 · Construction of Earthquake Ha of Land resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be Earthquake · Infrastructures- 2% people purchased nearby Market Road, 15% · Government took ignition in · People having Knowledge of Communication, 7% widening the road building equipped with earthquake KIR MUN 8 Health sub post, School, · People having stored food technology Markets & Shop · Self-earned money · 5% Natural Resource, · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, 15% Economic Source club · 100% Livelihood · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · 15 People · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Some Physical- · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Physical Schools, water supply, · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational Fire electricity obstruction, · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Attitudinal · Some Infrastructures- · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Household, Livestock, disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local water source, Natural · clubs.

Resources, Economic · Space available for safe shelter source during relief operation · Local Resource available for temporary shelter · 55 People · Give attention to the sanitation · Toilet in every house Human · Physical- Water sources · Keep food safe · Water supply from NWSA Physical contaminated · Monitor water sources · Capable to purchase drinking water Attitudinal regularly jar structural Social Epidemic · Proper sanitation · Deep tube well boring in most · Purify water before drinking houses

· Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, · club · · People,1000 families · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- 3% earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical Livestock, Water · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Organizational sources & distribution · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Attitudinal pipes- Well, Physical of birds and animals operation Materials, Houses, 3% · Construction of Earthquake of Land resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be · Infrastructures- 2% people purchased nearby Market Earthquake Road, 15% · Government took ignition in · People having Knowledge of Communication, 7% widening the road building equipped with earthquake Health sub post, School, · People having stored food technology Markets & Shop · Self-earned money · 5% Natural Resource, · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, 15% Economic Source club · 100% Livelihood · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · · People, 200 Families · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human KIR MUN 9 · Some Physical- · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Physical Schools, water supply, · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational electricity obstruction, · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Attitudinal · 80% Some · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Infrastructures- 50 Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Fire disaster Household, 2 % Local clubs. Livestock, 5% water · Space available for safe shelter source, 100% Natural during relief operation Resources, 95% · Local Resource available for Economic source, temporary shelter

· People · Capable to get treatment from · Traffic Police Human · Families nearby Hospital · Local CBOs and Club · Physical- vehicle · Immediate action by traffic · Rules & Regulation of Traffic Physical Road damaged police · Widening of Road’’ Accident · Some Infrastructures Attitudinal

Infrastructure

· People, 350 families · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- 15 earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical Livestock, Water · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Organizational sources & distribution · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Attitudinal pipes- Well, Physical of birds and animals operation Materials, Houses, 10% · Construction of Earthquake of Land resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be · Infrastructures- people purchased nearby Market Earthquake 100% Road, · Government took ignition in · People having Knowledge of KIR MUN Communication, widening the road building equipped with earthquake 11 Health sub post, School, · People having stored food technology Markets & Shop · · Self-earned money · 80% Natural Resource, · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, 90% Economic Source club · 100% Livelihood · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · · People, 200 Families · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Some Physical- · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Physical Fire Schools, water supply, · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational electricity obstruction, · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Attitudinal

· Some Infrastructures- · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by 50 Household, 50 % disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local Livestock, 5% water · clubs. source · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation · People, 200 families · Shouting during the · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human · Physical- 100% earthquake and get help Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical Livestock, Water · Rush to the open space CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Organizational sources & distribution · Observe the abnormal behavior Manpower for the rescue and relief Attitudinal pipes- Well, Physical of birds and animals operation Materials, Houses, 1/3rd · Construction of Earthquake of Land resistant buildings by some · Physical Materials and food can be · Infrastructures- 100% people purchased nearby Market Earthquake Road, Communication, · Government took ignition in · People having Knowledge of Health sub post, School, widening the road building equipped with earthquake Markets & Shop technology KIR MUN · 80% Natural Resource, · Self-earned money 16 90% Economic Source · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, · 100% Livelihood club · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · · Death · Cutting of dried trees and bush · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue Human · Injure · No use of bio fuel in house and relief operation Physical · 5% Displace · Using insulated wire · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational · Burnt Physical · Call fire brigade immediately purchased nearby Market Attitudinal Fire property -Houses, · Alert the community about fire · Immediate take action by Physical Materials disaster Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local · Burn Infrastructures · clubs. · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation · People · Using traditional method to · Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human · Physical-Livestock, press with thumb on the earth · Presence Government Body and Physical Water sources, Physical and pray to God Community Based organizations Attitudinal Materials, Houses, Land · Identify safe place · Few rescue materials structural · Infrastructures-Road, · Construct house earthquake · Little knowledge and skills on Social Communication, Health, resistant reducing disaster Earthquake School, Markets & Shop · Keep the relief and rescue · Livelihood materials in public places like library · Manage touch light, rope, shovel, chisel etc · Storage of Food · People · Keep gas cylinder in open · Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human · Physical-Livestock, space, · Presence Government Body and Physical MTM-3 Water sources · Monitor electricity wire Community Based organizations Natural · 20% Infrastructures · keep ignition materials like · Few rescue materials Attitudinal · 10% Livelihood match box, kerosene at place · Little knowledge and skills on Social Fire where children cannot reach reducing disaster · keep the industry and kiln far · Sufficient water source- well, pond from inhabitants, · Transportation · Store water · Keep the First aid · People · Give attention to the sanitation · Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human · Physical-Livestock, · Keep food safe · Presence Government Body and Physical Water sources · Monitor water sources Community Based organizations Attitudinal · 20% Livelihood regularly · Few rescue materials Social Epidemic · Keeping Foods safely · Little knowledge and skills on reducing disaster · Transportation

Earthquake · People · Using traditional method to · Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human · Physical-Livestock, press with thumb on the earth · Presence Government Body, Physical Water sources, Physical and pray to God I/NGOs and Community Based Attitudinal · Identify safe place Social Materials, Houses, Land organizations MTM -6 · Infrastructures-Road, · Construct house earthquake Institution Communication, Health, resistant · Few rescue materials School, Markets & Shop · Storage of Food · Little knowledge and skills on · Livelihood reducing disaster

Fire · People- children · Keep gas cylinder in open · Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human

· Physical-Livestock, space, · Presence Government Body and Physical Water sources · keep ignition materials like I/NGOs, Community Based Attitudinal · Infrastructures match box, kerosene at place organizations structural Social · Livelihood where children cannot reach · Few rescue materials · Little knowledge and skills on · keep the industry and kiln far reducing disaster from inhabitants, · Sufficient water source- well, pond · Store water · Transportation · Keep the First aid Epidemic · People- children, Old, · Give attention to the sanitation · Toilet in every house Human women · Keep food safe · Water supply from NWSA Physical · Physical- Water · Monitor water sources · Attitudinal sources, regularly structural · Eye · Proper sanitation Social · Livelihood

Storm · People · Public Awareness · Sufficient Manpower Human · Physical-Livestock, · Preparedness for disaster · Presence Government Body and Physical Physical Materials, CBOs Attitudinal Water sources, Houses · sufficient ponds, well structural · Infrastructures- · Available rescue materials Social Communication, Health, · School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · Flood · People · Placing Gabion boxes to protect · Sufficient Manpower- Human · Physical-House, Land, · Plantation of Trees · Presence Government Body and Physical Water source & · Place RCC Hume Pipe CBOs Attitudinal distribution pipes, · sufficient ponds, well structural · Available rescue materials Social

Fire · Some People · Put off fire throwing water · Sufficient Manpower- Human · Physical-Livestock, from well, pond · Presence Government Body and Physical Water sources · Call fire brigade CBOs and Red Cross Attitudinal · Infrastructures- · Cleaning the surrounding · sufficient ponds, well structural · Livelihood environment · Available rescue materials Social · Keep the ignition materials and · Available space for evacuation lighter out of reach of children · Money generated from I/NGOs, · Keep the roof of house strong Government agencies MTM-8 · Identify open space · Earthquake · 1160 People · Using traditional method to · Sufficient Manpower- Human · Physical- 25 Livestock, press with thumb on the earth · Presence Government Body and Physical Water sources, Physical and pray to God CBOs and Red Cross Attitudinal Materials, 253 Houses, · Keep the relief and rescue · Available rescue materials structural Land materials in public places like · Available space for evacuation Social · Infrastructures-Road, library · Money generated from I/NGOs, Communication, Health, · Keep the roof of house strong Government agencies School, Markets & Shop · Storage of Food · · Livelihood · Identify open space Earthquake · 350 People · Gather in open space when are · Available skilled and unskilled Human · Physical- Livestock, outside the house manpower Organizational Water sources, Physical · Hide under door frame, under · Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal Materials, 350 Houses, bed, table, under stair and other CBOs Social Land · Make a house in field · Available of safe space · Infrastructures-Road, · Retrofitting of old house. · Use neighbor houses Communication, Health, · Manage relief and rescue School, Markets & Shop materials · Livelihood · construct the house strong · Storage of Food MTM-10 · Identify open space Epidemic · People- children, Old , · Wash hand before and after · Available skilled and unskilled Human women, meal manpower, Health worker Organizational · Physical-Livestock, · Wash hand after using toilet · Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal Water sources · Storage of food and other CBOs Social · Livelihood · Available of safe space

· Fire · People- children, old, · Keep the ignition materials and · Available skilled and unskilled Human women lighter out of reach of children manpower, Health worker Organizational · Physical-Livestock, · Stock water · Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal Social

Water sources and other CBOs · Infrastructures- · Available of safe space communication, Health · Available of water stock-pond, well post, School, Market · Livelihood Storm · People · Retrofit of the House · Available skilled and unskilled Human · Physical-Livestock, · Public Awareness manpower, Health worker Organizational Physical Materials, · Preparedness for disaster · Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal Water sources, Houses and other CBOs Social · Infrastructures- · Available of safe space Communication, Health, School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood Earthquake · 2215 People · Gather in open space when are · Available skilled and unskilled Human · Physical- Livestock, outside the house manpower Organizational Water sources, Physical · Hide under door frame, under · Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal Materials, 434 Houses, bed, table, under stair and other CBOs Social Land · Make a house in field · Available of safe space · Infrastructures-Road, · Retrofitting of old house. · Use neighbor houses Communication, Health, · Manage relief and rescue School, Markets & Shop materials · Livelihood · construct the house strong · Storage of Food · Identify open space Epidemic · People- children, Old , · Wash hand before and after · Available skilled and unskilled Human women, meal manpower, Health worker Organizational · Physical-Livestock, · Wash hand after using toilet · Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal Water sources · Storage of food and other CBOs Social · Livelihood · Available of safe space MTM-14 · Fire · People- children, old, · Keep the ignition materials and · Available skilled and unskilled Human women lighter out of reach of children manpower, Health worker Organizational · Physical-Livestock, · Stock water · Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal Water sources and other CBOs Social · Infrastructures- · Available of safe space communication, Health · Available of water stock-pond, well post, School, Market · Livelihood Storm · People · Retrofit of the House · Available skilled and unskilled Human · Physical-Livestock, · Public Awareness manpower, Health worker Organizational Physical Materials, · Preparedness for disaster · Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal Water sources, Houses and other CBOs Social · Infrastructures- · Available of safe space Communication, Health, · School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood Earthquake · People- children, Old, · identified safe place · Available skilled and unskilled Human Women, pregnant · Keeping the relief and rescue manpower, Health worker Organizational women materials in public places like · Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal · Physical-Livestock, library and other CBOs Social Water sources, Physical · storage of Food · Available of safe space Materials, Houses, Land · Available of water stock-pond, well · Infrastructures-Road, Communication, Health, School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood Fire · People- children · Keep gas cylinder in open · Available skilled and unskilled Human MTM-16 · Physical-Livestock, space, manpower, Health worker Organizational Water sources · Monitor electricity wire · Presence of Government agencies Attitudinal · Infrastructures- · keep ignition materials like and other CBOs Physical communication, Market match box, kerosene at place · Available of safe space · Livelihood where children cannot reach · Available of water stock-pond, well · keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants, · Store water · Keep the First aid · Epidemic · People- children, Old · Using toilets · Available skilled and unskilled Human · Physical-Livestock, · Wash their hand after use of manpower, Health worker Organizational Attitudinal

· Livelihood Toilet · Presence of Government agencies Physical · Wash their hand before and and other CBOs after meal · Available of safe space · Constructed sewage · Available of water stock-pond, well · Waste carried by municipality · Proper sanitation · People · Using traditional method to · Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human · Physical-Livestock, press with thumb on the earth · Presence Government Body and Physical Water sources, Physical and pray to God Community Based organizations Attitudinal Materials, Houses, Land · Identified safe place · Few rescue materials structural · 20% Infrastructures- · Start Constructing earthquake · Little knowledge and skills on Physical Road, Communication, resistant house reducing disaster Earthquake Health, School, Markets · Keep the relief and rescue & Shop materials in public places like · 10% Livelihood library · Manage touch light, rope, shovel, chisel etc · Storage of Food · People- children · Keep gas cylinder in open · Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human Bhaktapur- · Physical-Livestock, space, · Presence Government Body and Physical Water sources · Monitor electricity wire Community Based organizations Natural 5 · Infrastructures · keep ignition materials like · Few rescue materials Attitudinal · Livelihood match box, kerosene at place · Little knowledge and skills on Social Fire where children cannot reach reducing disaster · keep the industry and kiln far · Sufficient water source- well, pond from inhabitants, · Transportation · Store water · Keep the First aid

· People- children, Old · Give attention to the sanitation · Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human · Physical-Livestock, · Keep food safe · Presence Government Body and Physical Water sources · Monitor water sources Community Based organizations Attitudinal Epidemic · 20% Livelihood regularly · Few rescue materials Social · Keeping Foods safely · Little knowledge and skills on reducing disaster · Transportation · People · Using traditional method to · Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human · Physical-Livestock, press with thumb on the earth · Presence Government Body Physical Water sources, Physical and pray to God · Few rescue materials Social Materials, Houses, Land · Rush to outside in open · Little knowledge and skills Attitudinal · Infrastructures-Road, · Neighbors helps in search and · Transportation Communication, Health, rescue operation Earthquake School, Markets & Shop · Hide under bed or Table · Livelihood · Hide under Door frame · Construct house with reinforcing the foundation · Keep the relief and rescue materials in public places like library · People- children · Keep gas cylinder in open · Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human Bhaktapur- · Physical-Livestock, space, · Presence Government Body Physical 7 Water sources · keep ignition materials like · Few rescue materials Social · Livelihood match box at place where · Little knowledge and skills Attitudinal children cannot reach Fire · keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants, · Put off fire with wet sacks · Take the help of neighbors

· People · Give attention to the sanitation · Sufficient Manpower (Neighbors) Human · Physical-Livestock, · Keep food safe · Presence Government Body Physical Physical Materials, · Wash hands before taking food · Few rescue materials Social Water sources, Houses Attitudinal Epidemic · Little knowledge and skills · Infrastructures- Communication, Health, School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood Bhaktapur- · People · Gather in open space · Sufficient Manpower Human · Physical-Livestock, · Preserve foods · Presence Government Body and Natural 8 Earthquake Water sources, Physical · Provide knowledge and skills CBOs Physical Materials, Houses, Land · Construct earthquake resisting · Available rescue materials

· Infrastructures-Road, House Communication, Health, · Place water tank in safe place School, Markets & Shop Livelihood · People- · Place water tank in safe place · Sufficient Manpower Human · Physical-Livestock, · Provide information through · Presence Government Body and Natural Water sources posters and pamphlets CBOs Physical Livelihood · Keep gas cylinder in open · sufficient ponds, well space, · Available rescue materials Fire · keep match box at place where children cannot reach · keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants, · properly Manage the insulated Electric wire · People · Conduct sanitation programme · Sufficient Manpower Human · Physical-Livestock, · Use of water purifier tablets · Presence Government Body and Natural Physical Materials, · Provide information through CBOs Physical Water sources, Houses posters and pamphlets · sufficient ponds, well Epidemic · Infrastructures- · Available rescue materials Communication, Health, School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · · People · Retrofitting of the House · Sufficient Manpower Human · Physical- Physical · Public Awareness · Presence Government Body and Natural Materials, Water · Preparedness for disaster CBOs Physical sources, Houses · sufficient ponds, well Storm · Infrastructures- · Available rescue materials Communication, Health, School, Markets & Shop · Livelihood · People Keep gas cylinder in open space, Sufficient Manpower Human, Natural · Physical-Livestock, keep match box at place where Presence Government Body and CBOs Resource, Physical Materials, children cannot reach safe locations Physical and Water sources, Houses keep the industry and kiln far sufficient ponds, well Social Fire · Infrastructures- from inhabitants, Communication, Health, properly Manage the insulated School, Markets & Shop Electric wire Bhaktapur- Livelihood proper management of water 9 stock (Construction of ponds) · People Retrofitting of the House Sufficient Manpower Human, Physical · Property Public Awareness Presence Government Body and CBOs Storm · Infrastructures Preparedness for disaster safe locations

· People Keep source of water neat & Sufficient Manpower Human Epidemic · Water sources Clean Presence Government Body and Protect eye Health Volunteers · People Construct earthquake resistant Sufficient Manpower Human, · Property House Presence Government Body and CBOs Physical, · Infrastructures Stay in ground floor safe locations Natural, Avoid keeping picture frame on Available Economic resources Structural, Earthquake wall near bed, Economic and Avoid keeping flower pot on Social parapet wall,

Bhaktapur- · People Keep gas cylinder in open space, Natural resources- Well, Pond, spring Human, keep match box at place where Sufficient Manpower Physical, 12 · Property · Livestock children cannot reach Presence Government Body (Ward Natural, keep the industry and kiln far Offices) and CBOs Structural, Fire from inhabitants, safe locations Economic and properly Manage the insulated Available Economic resources Social Electric wire proper management of water stock (Construction of ponds) · People Keep source of water neat & Sufficient Manpower Human, Epidemic livelihood Clean Presence Government Body and Physical, Health Volunteers · People Construct earthquake resistant Sufficient Manpower Human, Bhaktapur- Earthquake · Property House Presence Government Body, Local Physical, Stay in ground floor NGO, INGO, CBOs Natural,

13 Avoid keeping picture frame on safe locations Structural, wall near bed, Available Economic resources Economic and Avoid keeping flower pot on Social parapet wall,

· People Keep gas cylinder in open space, Natural resources- Well, Pond, spring Human, · Property keep match box at place where Sufficient Manpower Physical, · Livestock children cannot reach Presence Government Body, Local Natural, keep the industry and kiln far NGO, INGO, CBOs Structural, Fire from inhabitants, safe locations Economic and properly Manage the insulated Available Economic resources Social Electric wire proper management of water stock (Construction of ponds) · People Keep source of water neat & Sufficient Manpower Human, Epidemic livelihood Clean Presence Government Body, Local Physical, NGO · People Available Local man power, Man power (Government body, Human, government body, CBOs Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Physical, Earthquake · Property Evacuating to the safe locations safe locations Natural, Available of Rescue materials Structural, · People Available Local man power, Man power (Government body, Physical Natural · Property government body, CBOs Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Resources Fire · Livestock Evacuating to the safe locations safe locations Structural, and Available of Rescue materials Social

1072 Population Evacuating to the safe locations Safe Location, Health Volunteers, Physical, Bhaktapur- Livestock Available of Rescue materials Rescue materials, Infrastructure 14 Epidemic Available Local man power, Health Post, Toilet in most Houses

· 2143 People Local man power use Sufficient water, Physical, Health Post, Infrastructure Water & Local material Toilet in most Houses Sanitation, Sufficient Manpower Hygiene Presence Government Body, Local NGO · People Evacuating to the safe locations Sufficient Manpower Human, Epidemic · Water sources Available of Rescue materials Presence Government Body, Local Physical, · Eye Available Local man power, NGO Population Stay under beam during Man power (Government body, Human, Land earthquake Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Physical, House-School, Health Construct earthquake resistant safe locations Natural, Centers, Markets House Structural, Earthquake Source of Water Street drama for those illiterate Economic and Physical Materials people Social Press the earth with thumb and shout stop Get help by neighbors population Escape outside from Fire Man power (Government body, Human, Bhaktapur- House Put off fire Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Physical, 16 Fire Schools Call fire brigade safe locations Source of Water Get help by neighbors Physical Material Population Street drama for those illiterate Man power (Government body, Human, Land people Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Physical, Flood Houses Street drama for those illiterate safe locations people Get help by neighbors People To protect source of water from Man power (Government body, Human, Livestock turbidity Technicians, CBOs, Local manpower, Physical, Epidemic Conduct awareness campaign safe locations

· People, 900 families · Construction of Earthquake · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red · Physical- 50% resistant buildings by some Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Human LALI Sub Livestock 80% Water people CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient sources & distribution · Government took ignition in Physical MUN 1 Earthquake Manpower for the rescue and relief pipes- Well, 20% widening the road Organizational operation Physical Materials, · Immediately Rehabilitate the Attitudinal 1000 Houses, 1/3rd of victims · Space available for evacuation and Land · Gained income generation better available transportation

· Infrastructures- 60% skills · Available Relief Kits Road, 80% · Physical Materials and food can be Communication, 50% purchased nearby Market Health sub post, 10% · Some People having Knowledge of School, 70% Markets & building equipped with earthquake Shop technology · 50% Livelihood · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · 731 People , 10% · Traffic Police Family · Capable to get treatment from · Local CBOs and Club, Government Road · Physical- vehicle nearby Hospital Agencies Accident damaged · Immediate action by traffic · Rules & Regulation of Traffic · Some Infrastructures police · Widening of Road damaged · 731 People , · Toilet in every house · Physical- Water sources · Water supply from NWSA contaminated, · Capable to purchase drinking water · Still Use of local sorcerers for · Spreading of the treatment jar Human Communicable disease · Immediately consult with · Deep tube well boring in most Physical Epidemic Doctors houses Organizational · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic · 9884 People, · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red · Physical- 50% Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Livestock 80% Water CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient sources & distribution Manpower for the rescue and relief pipes- Well, 20% · Construction of Earthquake operation Physical Materials, resistant buildings by some rd · Space available for evacuation and 1068 Houses, 1/3 of people better available transportation Land · Government took ignition in Human · Infrastructures- 60% widening the road · Available Relief Kits Physical Earthquake Road, 80% · Immediately Rehabilitate the · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational Communication, 50% victims purchased nearby Market Attitudinal Health sub post, 10% · Gained income generation · Some People having Knowledge of School, 70% Markets & skills building equipped with earthquake Shop technology · 50% Livelihood · Self-earned money LALI Sub · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club MUN 3 · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · 247 People , Human · Capable to get treatment from · Traffic Police · Physical- vehicle · Local CBOs and Club, Government Physical Road nearby Hospital damaged Agencies Attitudinal Accident · Immediate action by traffic · Some Infrastructures · Rules & Regulation of Traffic Infrastructures damaged police · Widening of Road · 247 People , · Toilet in every house · Physical- Water sources · Water supply from NWSA contaminated, · Capable to purchase drinking water · Still Use of local sorcerers for · Spreading of the treatment jar Human Communicable disease · Immediately consult with · Deep tube well boring in most Physical Epidemic Doctors houses Organizational · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic · People, · Construction of Earthquake · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red · Physical- 50% resistant buildings by some Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Human LALI Sub Livestock 80% Water people CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient sources & distribution · Government took ignition in Physical MUN 6 Earthquake Manpower for the rescue and relief pipes- Well, 20% widening the road Organizational operation Physical Materials, 498 · Immediately Rehabilitate the Attitudinal Houses, 1/3rd of Land victims · Space available for evacuation and · Infrastructures- 60% · Gained income generation better available transportation

Road, 80% skills · Available Relief Kits Communication, 50% · Physical Materials and food can be Health sub post, 10% purchased nearby Market School, 70% Markets & · Some People having Knowledge of Shop building equipped with earthquake · 50% Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post

· People , · Capable to get treatment from · Traffic Police · Physical- vehicle · Local CBOs and Club, Government Road nearby Hospital damaged Agencies Accident · Some Infrastructures · Immediate action by traffic · Rules & Regulation of Traffic damaged police · Widening of Road · People, · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red · Physical- 50% Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Livestock 80% Water CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient sources & distribution Manpower for the rescue and relief pipes- Well, 20% · Construction of Earthquake operation Physical Materials, 544 resistant buildings by some rd · Space available for evacuation and Houses, 1/3 of Land people better available transportation · Infrastructures- 60% · Government took ignition in Human Road, 80% widening the road · Available Relief Kits Physical Earthquake Communication, 50% · Immediately Rehabilitate the · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational Health sub post, 10% LALI Sub victims purchased nearby Market Attitudinal School, 70% Markets & · Gained income generation · Some People having Knowledge of MUN 7 Shop skills building equipped with earthquake · 50% Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · People , Human · Capable to get treatment from · Traffic Police · Physical- vehicle · Local CBOs and Club, Government Physical Road nearby Hospital damaged Agencies Attitudinal Accident · Immediate action by traffic · Some Infrastructures · Rules & Regulation of Traffic Infrastructures damaged police · Widening of Road · People, · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red · Physical- 50% Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Livestock 80% Water CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient sources & distribution Manpower for the rescue and relief pipes- Well, 20% · Construction of Earthquake operation Physical Materials, 600 resistant buildings by some rd · Space available for evacuation and Houses, 1/3 of Land people better available transportation · Infrastructures- 60% · Government took ignition in Human Road, 80% widening the road · Available Relief Kits Physical Earthquake Communication, 50% · Immediately Rehabilitate the · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational Health sub post, 10% victims purchased nearby Market Attitudinal School, 70% Markets & · Gained income generation · Some People having Knowledge of Shop skills building equipped with earthquake · 50% Livelihood technology LALI Sub MUN 8 · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · 144 People , Human · Capable to get treatment from · Traffic Police · Physical- vehicle · Local CBOs and Club, Government Physical Road nearby Hospital damaged Agencies Attitudinal Accident · Immediate action by traffic · Some Infrastructures · Rules & Regulation of Traffic Infrastructures damaged police · Widening of Road · 144 People , · Still Use of local sorcerers for · Toilet in every house · Physical- Water sources the treatment · Water supply from NWSA Human contaminated, · Immediately consult with · Capable to purchase drinking water Physical Epidemic · Spreading of Doctors jar Organizational Communicable disease · Deep tube well boring in most Attitudinal houses

· Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic · People, · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red · Physical- 50% Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Livestock 80% Water CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient sources & distribution Manpower for the rescue and relief pipes- Well, 20% · Construction of Earthquake operation Physical Materials, 584 resistant buildings by some rd · Space available for evacuation and Houses, 1/3 of Land people better available transportation · Infrastructures- 60% · Government took ignition in Human Road, 80% widening the road · Available Relief Kits Physical Earthquake Communication, 50% · Immediately Rehabilitate the · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational Health sub post, 10% victims purchased nearby Market Attitudinal School, 70% Markets & · Gained income generation · Some People having Knowledge of Shop skills building equipped with earthquake · 50% Livelihood technology · Self-earned money LALI Sub · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club MUN 9 · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · 72 People Human · Capable to get treatment from · Traffic Police · Physical- vehicle · Local CBOs and Club, Government Physical Road nearby Hospital damaged Agencies Attitudinal Accident · Immediate action by traffic · Some Infrastructures · Rules & Regulation of Traffic Infrastructures damaged police · Widening of Road · 122 People , · Toilet in every house · Physical- Water sources · Water supply from NWSA contaminated, · Capable to purchase drinking water · Still Use of local sorcerers for · Spreading of the treatment jar Human Communicable disease · Immediately consult with · Deep tube well boring in most Physical Epidemic Doctors houses Organizational · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic · People, · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red · Physical- 50% Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Livestock Water CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient sources & distribution Manpower for the rescue and relief pipes- Well, 20% · Construction of Earthquake operation Physical Materials, 524 resistant buildings by some rd · Space available for evacuation and Houses, 1/3 of Land people better available transportation · Infrastructures- 60% · Government took ignition in Human Road, 80% widening the road · Available Relief Kits Physical Earthquake Communication, 50% · Immediately Rehabilitate the · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational Health sub post, 10% victims purchased nearby Market Attitudinal School, 70% Markets & · Gained income generation · Some People having Knowledge of Shop skills building equipped with earthquake · 50% Livelihood LALI Sub technology MUN 11 · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · 72 People , · Toilet in every house · Physical- vehicle · Water supply from NWSA damaged · Capable to purchase drinking water · Still Use of local sorcerers for · Some Infrastructures the treatment jar Human damaged Road · Immediately consult with · Deep tube well boring in most Physical Accident Doctors houses Organizational · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic · People, · Construction of Earthquake · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Human LALI Sub Earthquake · Physical- 50% resistant buildings by some Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Physical

MUN 12 Livestock 80% Water people CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient Organizational sources & distribution · Government took ignition in Manpower for the rescue and relief Attitudinal pipes- Well, 20% widening the road operation Physical Materials, · Immediately Rehabilitate the · Space available for evacuation Houses, 1/3rd of Land victims · Physical Materials and food can be · Infrastructures- 60% · Gained income generation purchased nearby Market Road, 80% skills Communication, 50% · Some People having Knowledge of Health sub post, 10% building equipped with earthquake School, 70% Markets & technology Shop · Self-earned money · 50% Livelihood · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · 75 People , · Toilet in every house · Physical- Water sources · Water supply from NWSA contaminated, · Capable to purchase drinking water · Still Use of local sorcerers for · Spreading of the treatment jar Human Communicable disease · Immediately consult with · Deep tube boring, well in most Physical Epidemic Doctors houses Organizational · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic · People, · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red · Physical- 50% Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Livestock 80% Water CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient sources & distribution Manpower for the rescue and relief pipes- Well, Physical · Construction of Earthquake operation Materials, Houses, 2 Ha resistant buildings by some · Space available for evacuation and of Land people better available transportation · Infrastructures- 60% · Government took ignition in Human Road, 80% widening the road · Available Relief Kits Physical Earthquake Communication, 40% · Immediately Rehabilitate the · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational Health sub post, 10% LALI Sub victims purchased nearby Market Attitudinal School, 70% Markets & MUN 13 · Gained income generation · Some People having Knowledge of Shop skills building equipped with earthquake · 50% Livelihood technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · 330 People , · Capable to get treatment from · Traffic Police Human · Physical- vehicle · Local CBOs and Club, Government Road nearby Hospital Physical damaged Agencies Accident Attitudinal · Some Infrastructures · Immediate action by traffic · Rules & Regulation of Traffic damaged police · Widening of Road · People, · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red · Physical- 80% Water Cross, Club, Government Agencies, sources & distribution CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient pipes- Well, 20% Manpower for the rescue and relief Physical Materials, · Construction of Earthquake operation Houses, 2 Ha of Land resistant buildings by some · Infrastructures- · Space available for evacuation and people Human Road, Communication, better available transportation · Government took ignition in Physical Health sub post, School, widening the road · Available Relief Kits Earthquake Markets & Shop · Immediately Rehabilitate the · Physical Materials and food can be LALI Sub Attitudinal · 50% Livelihood victims purchased nearby Market MUN 16 · Gained income generation · Some People having Knowledge of skills building equipped with earthquake technology · Self-earned money · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · 110 People , · Toilet in every house · Still Use of local Sesser for the Human · Physical- Water sources treatment · Water supply from NWSA Epidemic Physical contaminated, · Immediately consult with · Capable to purchase drinking water Organizational · Spreading of Doctors jar

Communicable disease · Deep tube well boring in most Attitudinal houses · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic · 110 People , Human · Capable to get treatment from · Physical- vehicle · Traffic Police Physical Road nearby Hospital · Local CBOs and Club damaged Attitudinal Accident · Immediate action by traffic · Rules & Regulation of Traffic · Some Infrastructures Infrastructures damaged police · Widening of Road

· People, · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red · Physical- 50% Cross, Club, Government Agencies, Livestock, 80% Water CBOs, Neighbors, Sufficient sources & distribution Manpower for the rescue and relief pipes- Well, 20% · Construction of Earthquake operation Physical Materials, resistant buildings by some · Space available for evacuation and Houses, 2 Ha of Land people better available transportation · Infrastructures- 100% · Government took ignition in Human Road, Communication, widening the road · Available Relief Kits Physical Earthquake Health sub post, School, · Immediately Rehabilitee the · Physical Materials and food can be Organizational Markets & Shop victims purchased nearby Market Attitudinal

·60% Livelihood · Gained income generation · Some People having Knowledge of skills building equipped with earthquake technology · Self-earned money LALI Sub · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club MUN 22 · Many Hospitals, clinic, Health post · 600 People , · Toilet in every house · Physical- Water sources · Water supply from NWSA contaminated, · Capable to purchase drinking water · Spreading of · Still Use of local Sesser for the jar Human Communicable disease treatment · Deep tube well boring in most Physical Epidemic · Immediately consult with houses Organizational Doctors · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, Attitudinal club · Treatment in Hospital, Health post , private clinic · 600 People Human · Capable to get treatment from · Physical- vehicle · Traffic Police Physical Road nearby Hospital · Local CBOs and Club damaged Attitudinal Accident · Immediate action by traffic · Rules & Regulation of Traffic · Some Infrastructures Infrastructures damaged police · Widening of Road

Table 5: Seasonal Calender VDC/ Earthquake Fire Flood Epide Landslide Storm Thunder Crops Festival Cropping Busy Leisure Ward mics bolt harvestin s Time Time Time g 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-12 3-4-5-6 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 4-12 12 6-7 10 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 12 6-7 12 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 12 6-7 15 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 12 6-7 16 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 12 6-7 18 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 6 12 6-7 23 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 12 27 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 3-4-5- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 6 12 6-7 28 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-12 3-4-5-6 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-12 KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 4-12 29 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 30 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 31 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KTM Metro- 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 34 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KIR Mun-8 7-8-9-10-11- 4-12 12 6-7 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- KIR Mun-9 7-8-9-10-11- 4-12 12 6-7 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-12 3-4-5-6 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-12 6-7 3-4-5- KIR Mun-11 7-8-9-10-11- 4-12 6-7 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-12 3-4-5-6 1-2-3- 3-4-5-6 1-12 6-7 3-4-5- KIR Mun-16 7-8-9-10-11- 4-12 6-7 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-12 4-5 1-2-4- 3-4-5 1-2-3-4- 1-2-3- 8-9-10 MTM-3 7-8-9-10-11- 9-10- 5-7-8-9- 8-9- 12 12 10-11-12 11-12

Table 5: Seasonal Calender VDC/ Earthquake Fire Flood Epide Landslide Storm Thunder Crops Festival Cropping Busy Leisure Ward mics bolt harvestin s Time Time Time g 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-11- 1-2-7 1-2-5-6- 1-2-3-4- 3-5-6- 6-7-8 7-8-9-10-11- 12 7-8-10 5-6-7-8- 8 MTM-6 12 9-10-11- 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-7 9-10 2-8 1-7 3-7-8 3-8 9-10 MTM-8 7-8-9-10-11- 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 10-11- 2-3- 2-8 1-2-3-4- 2-3-4-7- 2-3-8 9-10 7-8-9-10-11- 12 10-11 5-6-7-8- 8-9 MTM-10 12 9-10- 11-12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 10-11- 2-3- 2-8 1-2-3-4- 2-3-4-7- 2-3-8 9-10 7-8-9-10-11- 12 10-11 5-6-7-8- 8-9 MTM-14 12 9-10- 11-12 1-2-3- 3-4 2-3 6-7-8 2-3-4-5 8-9- 4-5-6- 10 MTM-16 7-8-9- 10-11- 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2- 3-4-5 1-2-3- 3-4-5 1-2-4-5- 1-2-3-7- 1-2-3- 7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 4 6-7-8- 8-9-10 4-5-6- Bhaktapur-5 12 10-11- 7-8-9- 12 10- 11-12 1-2-12 2-3-4 1-4-5-6- Bhaktapur-7 7-8-9 1-2-3-4-5-6- 3-4 4 4 1-5-6-7- 2-3-7-9- 3 Bhaktapur-8 7-8-9-10-11- 12 12 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 11-12 3-4 2-8 1-4-5-6- 21-3-4-6- 3-4-7- 5-6-10- Bhaktapur-9 7-8-9-10-11- 7-8-10- 7-8-10-12 8 11 12 11-12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2-3- 1-2-3- 2-4-5-6- 3-9 2-3-9-10 2-3-7- 1-2-3- 7-8-9-10-11- 4-5-6- 4-5-6- 9-10-11- 8 4-5-7- Bhaktapur-12 12 7-8-9- 7-8-9- 12 8--10- 10-11- 10-11- 11-12 12 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-2- 3-4-5 2-8 1-4-5-6- 2-3-9-10 5-6-8- 10-11 Bhaktapur-13 7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 7-10 9-10- 12 11-12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 11 2-3-4 1-2- 1-8 1-2-3-5- 1-3-7--8 1-2-3- 6 7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 6-7-8- 4-7 Bhaktapur-14 12 10-11- 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 4-5 2-3-4 1-2- 2-3-4-12 1-2--5- 1-2-3-7-- 1-2-3- 6 Bhaktapur-16 7-8-9-10-11- 11-12 6-7--10- 8 4-7-8 12 -12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- LALI Sub 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 MUNI 1 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- LALI Sub 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 MUNI 3 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- LALI Sub 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 MUNI 6 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-6-12 3-4 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 1-6-7 3-4-5- LALI Sub 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 MUNI 7 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-6-12 3-4 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 1-6-7 3-4-5- LALI Sub 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 MUNI 8 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- LALI Sub 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 MUNI 11 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- LALI Sub 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 MUNI 12 12 LALI Sub 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5-

Table 5: Seasonal Calender VDC/ Earthquake Fire Flood Epide Landslide Storm Thunder Crops Festival Cropping Busy Leisure Ward mics bolt harvestin s Time Time Time g MUNI 13 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- LALI Sub 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 MUNI 16 12 1-2-3-4-5-6- 1-12 3-4-5-6 1-11- 1-11-12 6-7 3-4-5- LALI Sub 7-8-9-10-11- 12 6-7 MUNI 22 12

Details of Vulnerability and Capacity factor of all community Human vulnerability Physical vulnerability Infrastructure vulnerability ·Humans are vulnerable to the major disasters · Unmanaged construction of House · Construction of Multistoried buildings like Earthquake, Fire, Epidemic and Road · House constructed without earthquake resistant · Waste dumping on road, public places, Accident in Kathmandu Valley causes death, techniques River injury and displace. · Some Old and weak houses, weak Foundation, attached · Damage of Communication system, ·Age factors and other social dimensions, Houses, Dense Houses Health buildings, Children, Women, elder and disable persons are · Excess extraction of ground water · Narrow road width restrict entry of fire most vulnerable. · Unmanaged old electric wiring, high tension line brigade, ambulances etc. · without Insulation · Air Pollution, Environment degradation · Turbid water during rainy season · Poor geo formation of Kathmandu Valley · Lack of proper sanitation- Hand washing before meal for huge infrasstructures. · Dense Traffic

The Human Vulnerability is more if any disaster In community, the physical vulnerability is more needs The geomorphological feature of occurs and needs to reduce to give attention and to reduce the risk. Kathmandu valley is not stable needs disaster preparedness. modern technology to develop infrastructures. Human capacity Physical capacity infrastructural capacity · Self-earned money from livelihood · Presence of CBO’s , Clubs, Government owned Ward · Available many Hospitals, clinic, Health · Sufficient Manpower for the rescue and relief Office, NRCS posts operation (Community people, students, · Availability of basic needs and services · better transportation system, Available Teachers, skilled and unskilled manpower, · Coordination with VDC office and Red Cross SC Ambulance carpenter, CBOs Clubs, Government Agencies) · Space available for evacuation Available Relief Kits · Good communication system

· Physical Materials and food can be purchased nearby Market · Space available for safe shelter during relief operation · Available 5 sets of relief materials · Mostly, Toilet in every house · Available Water sources The social capacity seems strong but still needs to be The Infrastructural capacity is sufficient to The Human capacity is sufficient to cope the promoted through suitable mechanism-regular cope the disaster in Kathmandu valley disaster but needs awareness and trainings. coordination, making access to the basic services and except the Earthquake with great rector facilities. scale. Social vulnerability Attitudinal vulnerability Environment vulnerability · Less active social structure and institutions · Lack of Public awareness and knowledge on disaster · Lack of proper sanitation · Government Organizations are not fully reduction · Turbid water during rainy season equipped with disaster preparedness · Traditional attitude and lack of knowledge on change · Open defecation · Lack of equal participation of men and · Lack of knowledge of Earthquake resist houses · Changing of climate cause conjunctivitis women in any kind of disaster · Carelessness handling of LPG gas and ignition · Pollution through Brick kiln · Presence of few organization in the materials and their storage · Deforestation community for their specific jobs · Lack of knowledge & Skill · No strict implementation of Rules & · Negligence in drive and avoiding traffic rules Regulations · Lack of implementation of Rules & Regulation of Traffic

· Lack of Money in some community. The community needs to make good Needs advocate with government authority, investing The community is able reduce some coordination among all institutions existing in strategic awareness actions and to enhance their skill Environment vulnerability factors required the community and give preference to all equal and knowledge. awareness and community managed rules & participation in any emergency and development regulation. works within the community from initial phase. Social Capacity Attitudinal Capacity Environment Capacity · Skilled and unskilled person ,Red Cross, Club, · Availability of basic needs and services Available natural resources- Bamboo, Government Agencies, CBOs, Neighbors, · Coordination with VDC office and Red Cross Thatch, Water etc. Sufficient Manpower for the rescue and relief · Some People having Knowledge of building equipped operation with earthquake technology · Support from Ward Office, I/ NGO, club · Immediate take action and support by Government Agencies, I/NGOs, Local clubs The social capacity is strong with in the The attitudinal capacity is however less to address the Needs to change the perception of community but needs coordination to develop attitudinal vulnerability community people about environment.. self-help capacity.

Table 6: Stakeholder analysis

VDC/Ward No. Name of institution Focal person Activities Coverage Resource Support available sector Ward Office Development works Ward

Kedar Narayan Social Community NRCS Chhetrapati Sub Branch Manandhar Disaster Management Disaster

Committee

Primary Health Post

Nepal Telecommunication

Nepal Electricity Authority KTM Metro-2

Women’s Forum

– Social Empowerment youth

– Voice of Children

Cooperative Corporations

Youth Club

Ward Office Sulochana Shrestha

NRCS Baneshwor sub Branch Shyam Lal Tandukar

Mahaldev Sthan Chhar KTM-10 Suman Paodel Chhimeki Kendra

Mahila Shrijanashil Kendra Anita Chapagain Nepal

Bishnu Kumari Jyoti shree Mahila Samuha Bhusal

Buddhanagar Ama Samuha Mandira Tandukar

Buddhanagar Development Kiran Tandukar Committee

Samudaik Prahari Sewa Shyam Aryal samity

Urban Health Clinic Kamal mainali

Mahila Jagaran Mancha Sunita Gautam

Development Ward Ward Office

NRCS Mahabaudhha Sub Social Ward

Branch KTM-12 Disaster Management Ward Disaster Committee Ward Primary Health Post Health

Samusayik Sewa Parishad Social Study Ward

Community Learning Center Development Ward

Ward Office Ward

Syombhu Club Ward

Bghagawan Paun Club Ward

Chagal youwa Club Ward

Ward Dhumbakhel Club

Ward Bhuikhel Tole Sudhar Samity

Shantunagar Tole Sudhar Ward

Samity Ward Samudayik Sewa Manch KTM-15 Ward Pragati New Mispunch

Ward Nihuhity gwas Manch

Ward Shree Krishan Sankirtan Kunj

Ward Sports development Forum

Lakhu Tith Tole Sudhar Ward

Samity Ward Lakhu Tith jirnidhar Samity

Ward – Dallu Awas yuwa Samity

Ward – Ama Samuha

Ward Elder Citizen Society

Ward Pelma Samaj

Ward Swatantra Yuwa Club

Ward Neuhiti Gawas Khal

Ward Ward Office Raju Shrestha

NRCS Paknajol Balaju Sub Ward Laba Raj Shretha Branch Disaster Management Ward

Committee Ward Apollo Hospital

Ward Pahelo tara Yuwa Club Navin Gurung

Ward Balaju Tole Sudhar Samity Min Bahadur Tamang

Ward Kumari Yuwa club Sanu Babu Prajapati

Ward Frendship Yuwa Club Laxman Gamal

Shyam Krishna Ward Nagarjun Samuha Shrestha KTM-16 Ward Sudayik Bikash Yuwa Samuha Bishwa Sapkota

Dhana Bahadur Ward Ekata Yuwa Samuha Balami Ward Janapriya Mahila samuha Ganga Panthi

Ward Pahilo Tole Upbhokta samuha Bharat Jung Upreti

Ward Bais Dhara Yuwa Club Gautam Prajapati

Ram Sharan Ward Thamel Pryatan Parishad Thapaliya NNepal Telecome Balaju Ward

Branch Electric Authority, Balaju Ward

Branch Ward Sahakari Sanstha

Development Ward Ward Office Subodha Khadka

Social Ward NRCS Syombhu Sub Branch Rajendra Shrestha

Disaster Management Disaster Ward Subodh Khadka Committee Health Ward Aruvedik Aspatal

Chandra Kumar Sports Ward Star Club Maharjan Sports Ward KTM-18 Raktakali Club Vidhan Raj Maharjan

Sports Ward Swetkali Club Sinu Kaji Maharjan

Sports Ward Tamasipakha Club

Chhetrapati Pariwar Kalyan Health Ward Dr. Shanti Joshi Kendra Development Ward Nepal Bikash Samity Prakash Shahi

Bhagwan Das Education Ward Community Learning Center Tuladhar

Economy Ward Nepal bank

Economy Ward Yusian Development Bank Sarad Lal Shrestha

Economy Ward Global Bank

Water Supply Ward Water Supply Limited Dr. P. Chapagain

–Security Ward Nepal Police Post

Electricty Authority –Electricity Ward

Minbhawan Branch Economy Ward Jayakali Saving Prem

Economy Ward Jagat Janani Saving Anup Shrestha

Economy Ward Kilagha Saving Babu raj Maharjan

Economy Ward Exclupe Saving Saroj Raj Ghimire

Development Ward 18 WardTole Sudhar Samity Mahendra Shhi

Padma Ratna Business Ward Agya Sakukrithi Tuladhar Development Ward Ward Office

NRCS Paknajol Balaju Sub Social Ward

Branch Disaster Management Health Ward

Committee KTM-23 Sports Ward Appolao Hospital

Service Ward Nepal Telecom, Branch

Service Ward Electricity Audhority Branch

Development Ward Ward Office Anil Tuladhar

Sports Ward Krishna Samaj Sewa Club Prayag Raj Shrestha

Sports Ward Janahit Yuwa Samuha Saroj Maharjan

Prabhat Madhyamik Rajeshwor Man Education Ward Vidhyalaya Shrestha Shrre Krishna Prathamic Bishnu Prasad Education Ward Vidhyalaya Caulagain KTM-28 Education Ward Kanya Mandir High School Mandira Pandit

Shuva Ganapati Ganapati Economy Ward Saving and Credit Bimal Malla CooperataiveSanstha Shyam Singh Sport Ward Baghal Yuwa Club Maharjan Social Ward Ratna Mandali Bihar

Sport Ward Sahid Sukra Club Rajesh Maharjan

Social Ward Jyapu Luman Punch

Social Ward Shree Gha Club Rajesh Maharjan

Lokheshwor Saving an Credit Economy Ward Rajesh Man Singh cooperative Sansthan Social Ward Gyanmala Bhaja Khal Dharma Maharjan

Nepa Laxmi Saving and credit Economy Ward Hirakaji Dangol Sahakari Sanstha Dhan bahadur Social Ward Tengal Kuma Khal maharjan Sport Ward Ganesh Guthi club Shiva Ram Shrestha

Social Ward Balchhe Tchwa Balake Khal

KTM-29 Ward NA

KTM-30 Ward NA

KTM-31 Krishna Pd Development Ward Ward Office Chapagain NRCs Kamalpokhari Sub Social Ward Ramola Rajbhandari Branch Disaster Management Disaster Ward

Committee Health Ward Model Hospital

Security Ward Police Club

Cultural programme Ward Pragya Pratisthan

Service Ward Tourism Development Board

Health Ward Blood Bank

Electricity Authority Service Ward

Departmrnt Ward Russian Cultural Center

Water Supply and Sanitation Service Ward

Corporation Branch Office KTM-34 Health Ward Miteri Hospital

Health Ward Capital Hospital

Kathmandu Metropolitan City service Ward

, Map Branch Economy Ward Agricultural bank Lit.

Economy Ward Banijya Bank

Education Ward Bishwa bhasha Campus

Education Ward Tri Chandra College

Education Ward Shakar Dev Campus

Education Ward Manbiki Vampus

Education Ward Pdma kanya Campus

Kirtipur-8 Development Ward Kirtipur Municipality Office BAlkrishna maharjan

Kirtipur-9 Shree Navajyoti Primary Education Ward Shantaram Maharjan School

Child care Ward Pragati Shshu Syahar Kendra Shuva Laxmi Shyakya

Sports Ward Shree Panga Youth Club Anil Maharjan

Sports Ward Yuwa Forum Nishan Maharjan

Dhwakhashi Kiyaguthi Social Ward Indra Man Maharjan

Social Ward Hishi Misha Punch Gyani Maharjan

9 Ward Disaster Disaster Ward Anil Maharjan Management Committee Sports Ward Boys Sports Club Durka Man Maharjan

Panga Bahuudesya Sahakari Economy Ward Shankar Dangol Sanstha Janhit Krishi Sahakari Agriculture Ward

Sanstha Social Ward Jwojalapa Misa Punch Menuka Mharjan

Jhingu Tiwa Saving and Credit Shree Krishna Economy Ward Sahakari Sanstha Maharjan Sankhapur Bhauudesya Economy Ward Nareshwor Maharjan Sahakari Sanstha Lit. Social Ward Sahid Path Vicha Guthi Karma Lal Maharjan

Ramesh man Education Ward Panga Higher School Maharjan Social Ward Jaya Santoshi Ma punch Laxmi Maharjan

Social Ward Pragatishil Club Amrit Maharjan

Social Ward Pahu Bicha Guthi

Social Ward Pukar Nepal Bhupendra Khanal

Panga Saving & credit Economy Ward Menuka Maharjan Sahakari Sanstha Guru Santa Man Social Ward Dhokashi Dhime Khal maharjan Social Ward Sahid Path DhimE kHAL Rajesh maharjan

Social Ward Pahu Dapha Khal

Kirtipur Mun-11 NA

Vijaya Lochan Development Ward Muni-ward No. 16 Office Maharjan Social Ward Bl Kumari Misha Punch Samita maharjan

Bijaya Laxmi Social Ward Narga Misha Punch Maharjan Social Ward Kirtipur Mun-16 Luja Sahakari Santha Lit. Manjuli Maharjan

Technical & Skill Education Ward Development Centre for Blind Sashikala Singh & Disable Social Ward Balkumari De guthi

Social Ward Narga Sana Guthi

Prakash Kumar Khwopa higher school Education Shrestha

Khawop College Rupak Joshi Education

Shyam Pd, Yachhe Primary College Education Dhawadyol

The Rising English School Kapil Banepali Education

Golden Gate Eglish School Anju Chipalu Education

Bishnu Bhakta Pravat Ma.V. Education Rajchal

Pravat Higher School Bimala Rajchal Education

Sirinken English School Education

Newa Ghuthi Yogi Syoso Social

Ghipasa safkrithi Blram Napit Social

Bhaktapur ward Yugtara Team Club Keshava Satata Sports No. 5 Bhktapur Ward No. 7 Ward Office Jit Bahadur Khaiju Développent

Cooperatives Economy

Labour Madan Khatabba Physical

Jaya mahakali Mata Mahakaly Religions

Nawa devi

Social Ward Khapwa Sakosh Balaram Gosain

Social Ward Jaya Bhimsen sakosh

Social Ward Bikash Sakosh Dil bahadur Tyal

Social Ward Shalaha Sakosh

Ram Krishna Social Ward Sarmadarshi Sakosh Prajapati Sukunda sakosBir Social Ward

Bhandesworh Bhaktapur Ward No. 8 NA

Chochhe Chhuma Ganesh Saving & credit Cooperatives Rajendra dahal Economy corporations Ltd.

Nawa Badhu Saving & credit Cooperatives corporations Narendra Pd Sahi Economy Ltd.

Shree Chhuma Ganesh Saving Bhaktapur Ward & credit Cooperatives Siddhi Ram Awal Economy No. 9 corporations Ltd. Las Kush Saving & credit Cooperatives corporations Rajesh Disti Economy Ltd.

Nawa jyoti Club Rajesh Disti Sports

Bauddhik Bikash Mandal Krishna Gopal Disti Education Pustakalya

Balbodh Santi N.M.V Durya Bahadur Feju Education

Mahendra Gopal Ward Santi Niketan M.V Education Karmacharya Ward Bright Star English School Rajendra Shrestha Education

Ward Dimo S. English School Binod Lama Education

Ward Minarwa English School Rajendra Duwal Education Bhaktapur Ward No. 12 Ward Youth redek Circle Raja Ram naga Sports

Bhaktapur Youth Information Ward Pravin Sujukhu Sports Foru Ram Bahadur Ward Integrated Haque Society Service Prajapati Indra Prasda Ward Ward Office Development Machasis education Ward Bal mandir School Narendra Huju

education Ward Shree Pdhma High School Ram Hada

Social Ward Nityanath Sakosh Shiva Kumar Tyan

Social Ward Taleju Sakosh Ram Hari Gora

Bhashasewai Master Jagat Social Ward Krishana Hari Sainju Sunder Sakosh Social Ward Samuhik Sakosh Madhava Dhoju

Social Ward Puja sakosh Prakash Joshi

Social Ward Majas krishi Sakosh

Nepali Krantikari Bidhyarthi Education Ward Jagat Ram Sangh Asahaya Sikchha Sewa Education Ward Ram Pd panthi Kendra Abhibhawak Sustamansthiti Education Ward Laxmi Narayn Silpkar sangh Health Ward Community Health centre Nuhunchhe tyan

Ram Gopal Sports Ward Nepal Scout armacharya Advocacy Ward Nepal Bar Association Hari rawal

Nepal Tuberculosis Religious Ward Mahendra Kayastha Alleviation Corporation Religious Ward Ghatkha Bhajan Tuklshi Bhakta Tyan

Religious Ward Bhaktapur-Ward Bhadrakali bhajan No. 13 Yakit Ajima Saving & credit Ward Ram Gopal Chaguthi Economy Cooperatives Sajhedari Saving & credit Chandra Bhakta Ward Economy Cooperatives Bhuju Bhaktapur Ward Ward Tekhapukha Society Pursottam Silpakar Social No 16 Ward Himchuli Yuwa Club Ram Gopal Chaguthi Sports

Yakit Ajima Tole Sudhar Ward Kanchha Development Samity

Ward Degmana Balak Team Raju Wise Children activity

Ram Chandra Ward Nawa Jagruk yuwa Team Development Jakibanjar Ward Barahi Sudhar Samity Ananta Dhaubdel Development

Harsa Bahadur Ward Chaguthi Social Chaguthi Ward Thimi Guthi Tulshi Bhakta Thimi Social

Narayan Sunder Ward Manandhar Yuwa punch Manadha Social

Ward Bansa Gopal Bhajan Suraj Pradhanga Religious

Forest Development Ward Nil Barahi Community Forest Nil Bahadur Khadka

Tigani Cooperation Economy Ward Sanu Kaji Rajbahak Committee Education Ward Shree Nil Barahi P.V. Surya Man Shrestha

Agriculture Ward Nil Barahi farmer group Sharmila Rajbahak

Development Ward Tigani tole Sushar Samity Umesh Rajbahak

Agriculture Ward Tigani Farmer Group Kaji Lal Basu

Development Ward Tigani Pani Pokhari

Social Ward Nil Barahi Guthi Buddhi Kumar

Laxmi Bhakta Ecomnomy Ward Thopa Bhchat Shrestha Sports Ward Kopila Bal Club Meena rajbahak MadhyaTimi Mun.- 3 Sports Ward Madhyapur Karate Sangh Kaluram Theki

Social Ward Nagarik Sachetana Kendra Tika Devi Bhusal

Sports Ward Bode Spot club

Nirpur ganesh Saving & Economy Ward

Credit Cooperatives Megha Saving & Credit Economy Ward Ganesh Ram Kashula Coopertaives Sports Ward Nikosera Yuwa club Raju Kaiti

Indreshwari Sports Ward Unnati Bal Club Dhaubanjare Ram Pyari Farmer Ward Yuwa Krishak Samuha Dhaubanjar Women empowerment Ward Nilkamal Mahila Samuha Shova Nepali

Ishwari Bhakta Economy Ward Yuwa Bachat Samuha Dhubanjare Jaya Shree Ganesh Saving & Kanchha Dhawa Ward Economy Credit Cooperatives Bode MadhyaTimi Mun.- Shree Siddhi Ganesh yuwa Ward Ravin Bode 6 Bachanalya Shree Siddhi Ganesh Misa Chanda Keshari Ward

puch Sinkman

Shree Siddhi Ganesh Mahila Krishna Devi Dhawa Ward

samuha Bode Prgya Saving & Credit Ward Dil Krishna abode Economy Cooperatives Ward Samuhik Sewa Kendra Bishnu maya Sayan

Ward Lord Buddha English School Buddha Ratna Bode Education

Krishna Kumar Ward Nagdesh Buddha Bihar Prajapati Tirtha Bahadur Ward Yoksa Baidhha Ward Boudha Lyamha Punch Vikesh Prajapati

Women empowerment Ward Ama Samuha Umesh Shrestha

Ward Santi Yuwa Club Purna Jyoti Sakya Social

Nanda Krishna Ward Yuwa Milan Kendra social Shrestha Madhya Thimi Krishna Kaji Ward 8 No. Ward Office Development Mun.-8 Prajapati Shuva Laxmi Saving & Credit Chandra Krishna Ward Economy Coopertaives Prajapati Bishwa Binayak Saving & Ward Bal Mukunda Economy Credit Coopertaives Chapocho Community Ward Ramesh Duwadi development Development Corporation Madhya Thimi Ward Mun.-10 Shree Siddhikali School Tara Devi Rai Education Ward Hukum Fermasetucal P. Ltd Medicine

Trishana Saving & Credit Ward Economy Coopertaives Shyam Bhakta Ward Siddhikali Yuwa Club Sports Shrestha Ward Yuwa Red Cross Circle Ranjan Prajapati Social

Ward Nasnani basuri Khala Krishna B. Prajapati

Ward Shree Siddhikali M. Khal. Panca maya Prajapati Education Madhya Thimi Mun.-14 Dharma Sundar Ward Lyamha Punch Bajracharya Chandra Krishna Ward Thimi Swabalamban B.S. Prajapati Chamunda Saving & Credit Kanchha Kaji Ward Economy Coopertaives Prajapati Shree Siddhikali Saving & Ward Ratna Kaji Prajapati Economy Credit Coopertaives Ward Yuwa Red Cross Jeevan Shrestha Development

Ward M-14 Club Ashok Bajracharya Sports

Madhya Thimi Ward Madhyapur 14 Club Ravindra Shrestha Sports Mun.-16 Ward Dip jyoti club Sunil Kumar Sports

Ward Pragati Bachnalaya Kabindra Shrestha Development

Ward Shree Guru Ganesh Dime Kha KAbindra Shrestha Culture

Ward Bal Kumari Dhime Khal Sunil Shrestha Culture

Ward Bishnu Bir Dhime Khal Rajendra Shrestha Culture

Ward Best Group Nepal Madhava Shrestha Culture

Ward Tachhu Tole Bhajan Mandal Bal Krishna Pila Religious

Radha Krishna Bhajan Ward Hari Maya Kayastha Religious Mandal Ward Bal Kumari Bhajan mandal Bal Krishna Religious

Ward World Vision Pradeep Shrestha Development

Bal Kumari Samrachhan tatha Ward Nanda Krishna development Sudhar Manch Shankhadhar Chauk guru Ward Kumar Shrestha Development yojana Users Committee Purna Keshari Ward Nagarik Manch Balkumari Social Mancha Suva Shree Saving & Credit Kashi Bhakta Ward Economy Cooperative shrestha Ward T.B Hospital Dr. Kashi Kanta Jha Health

Kanchan Jungha Saving & Ward Uddhav Siwakoti Economy Credit Cooperative Sarathi Saving & Credit Ward Umesh Khadka Economy Cooperative Lokanthali Saving & Credit Ward Sanu Kaji Heka Economy Cooperative Management Saving & Credit Ward Tilima Parajuli Economy Cooperative Dachhinkali Saving & Credit Ward Radha Humagain Economy Cooperative Dibyashwari Saving & Credit Ward Hari Lal Kuthu Economy Cooperative Jana Kalyan Saving & Credit Ward Saraswati basnet Economy Cooperative Jaljala Saving & Credit Ward Kalpana Chungul Economy Cooperative Jana premi Saving & Credit Ward Shiva Karki Economy Cooperative Kalpa Brikchha Saving & Ward Ram B Khadka Economy Credit Cooperative Ujyalo Saving & Credit Ward Rameshwor Bhuj Economy Cooperative Agrani Saving & Credit Ward Pavitra Pokharel Economy Cooperative Lokantha,I Saving & Credit Rabindra Nath Ward Economy Cooperative Khadka Ward Dibyashwari nagarik Samaj Durga Ghimire Social

Ward Araniko Yatayat Sewa samity Jeet Bahadur Bharati service

Birendra kumar Ward Miteri Hospital Health Shrestha Ward Arjan cooperative Economy

Kamal Khadka Samrity Ward Bhai Krishna Khadka Pratisthan

Ward Kamal yuwa Club Sports

Ward Sub Health Post Anju Basnet Health

LALI S MUNI Ward NA No. 1 LALI S MUNI Ward NA No. 3 LALI S MUNI Ward NA No. 6 Shree Gyan Kunj mandir Education Ward Hera Bahadur Sakya secondary School Women Empowerment Ward Amrit Barna mahila Samuha Sannani

LALI S MUNI Ward Economy Ward Yechhu Maya Bachat Samuha Sumit Sakya No. 7 Economy Ward Amrit Barna Bachat Samuha Madan Sakya

Development Ward Tole Sudhar Samity Rabin Maharjan

BasuDev Bista Development Ward Ward Office

Sanukaji Maharjan Disaster Ward CBMMHRR 8 LALI S MUNI Ward No. 8 Ramita Maharjan Health Ward Matru Shisu Swasthya Kendra

Nani Maharjan Women Empowerment Ward Guit Ma Puch

LALI S MUNI Ward No. 9 NA LALI S MUNI Ward NA No. 11 LALI S MUNI Ward NA No. 12 LALI S MUNI Ward NA No. 13 LALI S MUNI Ward NA No. 16 LALI S MUNI Ward NA No. 20 LALI S MUNI Ward NA No. 22 LALI S MUNI Ward NA No. 9

Table 7: Livelihood matrix VDC/Ward Livelihood Available Hazards that threaten the resources Way of strengthening livelihood activities resources for livelihood Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no education KTM Metro -2 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No transportation, No business Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security, starvation Service Earthquake, Fire Damage Industries, Burn Equipment & Machines, No work KTM Metro - Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House an settlement destroy, No work 10 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No transportation, No business Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security Service Earthquake, Fire Damage Industries, Burn Equipment & Machines, No work KTM Metro - Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House an settlement destroy, No work 12 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No transportation, No business Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security Service Earthquake, Fire Damage Industries, Burn Equipment & Machines, No work KTM Metro - Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House an settlement destroy, No work 15 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No transportation, No business Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security Service Earthquake, Fire Damage Industries, Burn Equipment & Machines, No work KTM Metro - Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House an settlement destroy, No work 16 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No transportation, No business Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security Agriculture Flood Field silted, waterlogged, Crop Damaged Livestock Epidemic Sick, death of Cattles KTM Metro - Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access, No 18 transportation Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security Agriculture Flood Field silted, waterlogged, Crop Damaged Livestock Epidemic Sick, death of Cattles KTM Metro - Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access, No 23 transportation Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security Agriculture Flood Field silted, waterlogged, Crop Damaged KTM Metro - Livestock Epidemic Sick, death of Cattles 27 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access, No

transportation Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security Agriculture Flood Field silted, waterlogged, Crop Damaged Livestock Epidemic Sick, death of Cattles KTM Metro - Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access, No 28 transportation Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security Agriculture Flood Field silted, waterlogged, Crop Damaged Livestock Epidemic Sick, death of Cattles KTM Metro - Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access, No 29 transportation Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security Daily wage labour Earthquake No work during disaster Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access, No KTM Metro - transportation 30 Service Office, Industries demolish, Access obstructed Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security Daily wage labour No work during disaster Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access, No KTM Metro - transportation 31 Service Office, Industries demolish, Access obstructed Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security Daily wage labour No work during disaster KTM Metro - Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access, No 34 transportation Foreign job Low income, Jobless Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no education Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No KIR MUN-8 transportation, No business Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security, starvation Agriculture Lack of fertilizer, Lack of irrigation, No Production, starvation Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no education KIR MUN-9 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No transportation, No business Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security, starvation Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no education Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No KIR MUN-11 transportation, No business Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security, starvation Daily Wages Epidemic Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no education Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No KIR MUN-16 transportation, No business Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security, starvation Agriculture Land Monkey attack, Hail Storm, Low rainfall Labour Manpower Sick MTM-3 Daily wage labour Could not get continuous job Carpenter Accident, Load shedding Others Tourism sector NA Strike, No Visitor Agriculture Land Hail Storm, Vegetable Farming Labour Manpower Fire; Office, House Daily wage Labour Could not get continuous job during rainy day Carpenter Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work MTM-6 Others Tourism sector Strike, No Visitor Business Fire Earthquake, Loss In business, Service Earthquake, Office, House demolished Foreign job Earthquake, Helpless of Family members Agriculture Hailstorm, Low production Labour Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work Daily wage Labour Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work Carpenter Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work MTM-8 Others Tourism sector Strike, No Visitor Business Earthquake, No access of Road Service Earthquake, Fire- Demolish of Office, Road, House Foreign job Earthquake, Helpless of Family members

Agriculture Hailstorm, Low production Labour Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work Daily wage Labour Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work Carpenter Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work MTM-10 Others Pottery Rainfall, Storm, Fire Business Earthquake, Storm, Fire- Demolish of Office, Road, House Service Earthquake, Fire- Demolish of Office, Road, House Foreign job Earthquake, Helpless of Family members Agriculture Hailstorm, Low production Labour Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work Daily wage Labour Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work Carpenter Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work MTM-14 Others Pottery Rainfall, Storm, Fire Business Earthquake, Storm, Fire- Demolish of Office, Road, House Service Earthquake, Fire- Demolish of Office, Road, House Foreign job Earthquake, Helpless of Family members Agriculture Flood, Destruction of crops Labour Earthquake, Fire- Obstruction in doing work Daily wage Labour Could not get continuous job Carpenter Accident MTM-16 Others Tourism sector Strike, No visitors Business Loss In business Service Temporary job Foreign job Cheating from Broker Agriculture Storm, affected with Insect Labour Strom, Daily wage Labour Could not get continuous job Carpenter Accident Bhaktapur-5 Others Tourism sector Strike, No visitors Business Loss In business Service Temporary job Foreign job Cheating from Broker Agriculture Disease, affected with Insect Labour Earthquake, Daily wage Labour Problem of daily food Bhaktapur-7 Carpenter Fire, burning of Equipment Others Tourism sector Strike, No visitors Business Loss In business Service Earthquake, Fire- Demolish of Office, Road, House Foreign job Cheating from Broker Agriculture Disease, affected with Insect, Drought Labour Strike, Problem of livelihood Daily wage Labour Accident, Problem of livelihood Bhaktapur-8 Carpenter Strike, No transportation of wood Others Tourism sector Strike, No visitors Business Strike Service Temporary job Foreign job Earthquake, Helpless of Family members Agriculture Earthquake, Drought causes low production Labour Fire, Obstruction of Access of Road Daily wage Labour Unable to go for work due to fire Carpenter Unable to do work Bhaktapur-9 Others Tourism sector Strike, No visitors Business Earthquake, No business due to house collapse Service Strike, Obstruction in administrative work Foreign job Earthquake, Helpless of Family members Agriculture Plant disease Labour Earthquake Daily wage Labour Earthquake Carpenter Earthquake Bhaktapur-12 Others Tourism sector Earthquake Business Earthquake Service Earthquake Foreign job Earthquake

Agriculture Plant disease, low production Labour Epidemic, low income Daily wage Labour Earthquake, No access of road Carpenter Earthquake Bhaktapur-13 Others Tourism sector Strike, No visitors Business Earthquake, load shedding, No access of road Service Earthquake, No access of road Foreign job Earthquake, Helpless of Family members Agriculture Plant disease, Ant, Fly, Insect, Soil degradation, low production, Different Problems related to Agriculture Labour Earthquake, difficult to work, Strike, unstable Market Daily wage Labour Earthquake, No access of road Bhaktapur-14 Carpenter Earthquake, load shedding, No work Others Tourism sector Earthquake, load shedding Business Earthquake, load shedding Service Earthquake, No access of road Foreign job Earthquake Agriculture Plant disease, low production Labour Fire, Obstruction of Access of Road Bhaktapur-16 Daily wage Labour Unable to go for work due to fire Carpenter Unable to do work Others Tourism sector Strike, No visitors Service Office, Industries demolish, Access obstructed LALI MUNI Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No Sub 1 transportation, No business

Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security, starvation

Daily Wages Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no education Service Office, Industries demolish, Access obstructed LALI MUNI Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No Sub 3 transportation, No business

Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security, starvation

Daily Wages Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no education LALI MUNI Service Office, Industries demolish, Access obstructed

Sub 13 Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No transportation, No business Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security, starvation Daily Wages Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no education Service Office, Industries demolish, Access obstructed LALI MUNI Business Lack of skilled manpower, Obstruction of access Road, No Sub 16 transportation, No business

Foreign job Low income, Jobless, no security, starvation

Daily Wages Land, House and settlement destroy, No work, no education

Table 8: Problem and Solution Matrix VDC/Ward Problems Effects/losses Way of strengthening livelihood Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and Earthquake infrastructures, Environment degradation, Damage of livelihoods other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open space, keep match box and other ignition Materials at place where children KTM Metro- Burnt Physical property -Houses, cannot reach, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to 2 Fire Physical Materials Burn Infrastructures, livelihood the people on Rescue and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders system, environmental degradation in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and Earthquake infrastructures, Environment degradation, Damage of livelihoods other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen KTM Metro- the access Road, Establish the early warning system 10 Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box and other ignition Materials at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to Fire Physical Materials Burn Infrastructures, livelihood the people on Rescue and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders system, environmental degradation in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and Earthquake infrastructures, Environment degradation, Damage of livelihoods other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open KTM Metro- Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box and other ignition Materials at place where children

12 cannot reach, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to Fire Physical Materials Burn Infrastructures, livelihood the people on Rescue and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders system, environmental degradation in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Injury and possible death, Demolish IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people , Storm of Physical property -Houses, Give training on First Aid, Change the CGI roofing with RCC roofing, Make Physical Materials, obstruct aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to the people on Rescue

Communication, Obstruct road, and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development felling of tree, Fire works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system, Pre prepared to cope the disaster. Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and Earthquake infrastructures, Environment degradation, Damage of livelihoods other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box and other ignition Materials at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to Fire Physical Materials Burn Infrastructures, livelihood the people on Rescue and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders system, environmental degradation in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, KTM Metro- Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system 15 Injury and possible death, Demolish IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people , of Physical property -Houses, Give training on First Aid, Change the CGI roofing with RCC roofing, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to the people on Rescue Storm Physical Materials, obstruct Communication, Obstruct road, and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development felling of tree, Fire works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and Earthquake infrastructures, Environment degradation, Damage of livelihoods other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box and other ignition Materials at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to Fire Physical Materials the people on Rescue and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders KTM Metro- Burn Infrastructures, livelihood system, environmental degradation in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, 18 Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Injury and in most cases death, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Disability, Damage of Physical Needs good Management of the traffic. Widen the road width, Construct Road Accident properties, Loss of money alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules, Give training to the traffic rules to driver Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Provide Search & Rescue Training to the infrastructures, Environment people ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house, Earthquake degradation, Damage of livelihoods Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, KTM Metro- Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open 23 Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the Fire Physical Materials people , Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development Burn Infrastructures, livelihood works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, system, environmental degradation Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid,

Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign KTM Earthquake Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Provide Search & Rescue Training to the Metro-27 infrastructures, Environment people ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house,

degradation, Damage of livelihoods Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the Fire Physical Materials people , Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development Burn Infrastructures, livelihood works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, system, environmental degradation Death/ burn/ Displace - IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people , People, Livestock Give training on First Aid, Storm Burnt/ Demolish of Physical property -Houses, Physical Materials, Fire Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat Epidemic crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for preparedness , Provide Search & Rescue Training to the infrastructures, Environment people ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house, Earthquake degradation, Damage of livelihoods Form a Disaster Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and other infrastructures, Make a KTM participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the Metro-28 emergency fund in a community, Injury and in most cases death, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Road Disability, Damage of Physical Needs good Management of the traffic. Widen the road width, Construct Accident properties, Loss of money alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules, Give training to the traffic rules to driver Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition Destruction of House, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for infrastructures, Environment preparedness , Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house, Form a Disaster Earthquake degradation, Damage of livelihoods Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, KTM Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Metro-29 Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the Fire Physical Materials people , Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development Burn Infrastructures, livelihood works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, system, environmental degradation Injury and in most cases death, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Road Disability, Damage of Physical Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Construct alternative routes to Accident properties, Loss of money smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition Destruction of House, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for infrastructures, Environment preparedness , Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house, Form a Disaster Earthquake degradation, Damage of livelihoods Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from KTM all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a Metro-30 community, Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the Fire Physical Materials people , Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development Burn Infrastructures, livelihood works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, system, environmental degradation Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition Destruction of House, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for infrastructures, Environment preparedness , Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house, Form a Disaster Earthquake degradation, Damage of livelihoods Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from KTM all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a Metro-31 community, Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the Fire Physical Materials people , Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development Burn Infrastructures, livelihood works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, system, environmental degradation

Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition Destruction of House, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for infrastructures, Environment preparedness , Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house, Form a Disaster Earthquake degradation, Damage of livelihoods Risk Reduction Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, KTM Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Metro-34 Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware the Fire Physical Materials people , Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development Burn Infrastructures, livelihood works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, system, environmental degradation Injury and in most cases death, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Road Disability, Damage of Physical Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Construct alternative routes to Accident properties, Loss of money smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box and other ignition Materials at place where children Physical Materials cannot reach, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to KIR MUN-8 Fire Burn Infrastructures, livelihood the people on Rescue and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders system, environmental in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, degradation Widen the Road for access of Fire brigade Establish the early warning system Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box and other ignition Materials at place where children KIR MUN-9 Physical Materials cannot reach, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to Fire Burn Infrastructures, livelihood the people on Rescue and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders system, environmental in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, degradation Widen the Road for access of Fire brigade Establish the early warning system Injury and in most cases death, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Road Disability, Damage of Physical Needs good Management of the traffic. Widen the road width, Construct Accident properties, Loss of money alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules, Give training to the traffic rules to driver Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system KIR MUN- 11 Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box and other ignition Materials at place where children Physical Materials cannot reach, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to Fire Burn Infrastructures, livelihood the people on Rescue and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders system, environmental in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, degradation Widen the Road for access of Fire brigade Establish the early warning system Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction KIR MUN- infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake 16 degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system

Death, Injure, Displace IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep match box and other ignition Materials at place where children Physical Materials cannot reach, Make aware the people about hazard , Conduct the training to Fire Burn Infrastructures, livelihood the people on Rescue and Relief, Make a participation from all stakeholders system, environmental in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, degradation Widen the Road for access of Fire brigade Establish the early warning system Death, Injury, Displace of people, Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition Water Tank burst, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for Earthquake Demolition of House, preparedness , Conduct training for Disaster preparedness, Give training on infrastructures, First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve Food, Cause Fire, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house Burn/Death, Burnt Physical IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open MTM-3 property -Houses, Physical space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the Fire Materials industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware the people , Give training on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place, Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid,

Death, Injury, Displace of people, Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition Water Tank burst, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for Earthquake Demolition of House, preparedness , Conduct training for Disaster preparedness, Give training on MTM -6 infrastructures, First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve Food, Cause Fire, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house Burn/Death, Burnt Physical IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open property -Houses, Physical space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the Fire Materials industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware the people , Give training on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place, Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid,

Death/ burn/ Displace - IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people , People, Livestock Give training on First Aid, Storm Burnt/ Demolish of Physical property -Houses, Physical Materials, Fire People IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people , Flood Physical-House, Land, Water Give training on First Aid, Make gabion box, Plant trees at bank of the river source & distribution pipes, Burn/Death IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Burnt Physical property -Houses, space, keep ignition materials and match box at place where children cannot Fire Physical Materials reach, Make aware the people about disaster preparedness , Give training on Burn Infrastructures First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place, MTM-8 Death, Injury, Displace of people Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition Demolition of House and posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for Earthquake infrastructures, Disaster preparedness , Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Cause Fire Training to the people , Train people to cope any kind of Disasters, Death Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Injury and trainings for preparedness , Conduct training for Disaster preparedness, Displace Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people Earthquake Demolition of House, ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house, retrofit infrastructures the old House Fire Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Place a dumping site far from inhabitants, MTM-10 Burn/Death keep gas cylinder in open space, keep match box at place where children Burnt Physical property -Houses, cannot reach, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware Fire Physical Materials the people , Give training on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place, Burn Infrastructures Death/ burn/ Displace -People, IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people , Livestock Give training on First Aid, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Burnt/ Demolish of Physical Keep the ignited material out of reach of children Storm property -Houses, Physical Materials Fire Death Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign MTM-14 Earthquake Injury and trainings for preparedness , Conduct training for Disaster preparedness,

Displace Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people Demolition of House, ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house, retrofit infrastructures the old House Fire Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Place a dumping site far from inhabitants, Burn/Death keep gas cylinder in open space, keep match box at place where children Burnt Physical property -Houses, cannot reach, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware Fire Physical Materials the people , Give training on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place, Burn Infrastructures Death/ burn/ Displace -People, IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people , Livestock Give training on First Aid, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Burnt/ Demolish of Physical Keep the ignited material out of reach of children Storm property -Houses, Physical Materials Fire Death, Injury, Displace of people, Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition Demolition of House and posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for Earthquake infrastructures, preparedness , Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training Cause Fire, to the people , Train local mason about earthquake resisting house Burn/Death, Burnt Physical IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open property -Houses, Physical space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, Make aware MTM-16 Fire Materials the people , Give training on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place,

Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give training on First Aid,

Death, Injury, Displace of people Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition Demolition of House, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for Earthquake infrastructures, preparedness , Conduct training for Disaster preparedness, Give training on Cause Fire First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house Burn/Death, Burnt Physical IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Bhaktapur- property -Houses, Physical space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the 5 Fire Materials industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware the people , Give training on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place, Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid,

Death, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition Demolition of House, posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for infrastructures, Fire preparedness through media, Conduct training and street drama for Disaster Earthquake preparedness, Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training to the people ,Preserve Food, Train local mason about earthquake resisting house Burn/Death, Burnt Physical IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open Bhaktapur- property -Houses, Physical space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the 7 Fire Materials industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware the people , Give training on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place, Don’t stock firewood and thatch in kitchen Death/ burn/ Displace - IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people , People, Livestock Give training on First Aid, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Strom Burnt/ Demolish of Physical Keep the ignited property -Houses, Physical Materials, Fire Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Keep the food Epidemic environment degradation safely, Wash the hands before taking food, Give attention in proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Consultation with eye expert frequently Death, injury, Displace, losses of Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition property including livestock posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for Earthquake preparedness through media, Conduct training and street drama for Disaster Bhaktapur- preparedness, Give training on First Aid, Provide Search & Rescue Training 8 to the people ,Preserve Food Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat Epidemic crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in environment degradation, blindness proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Consultation with expert

frequently, Death and injury, losses of IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open property/homeless, damage of space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the Fire livelihood system, environmental industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Make aware the people , Give training degradation on First Aid, Keep the water tank in safe place, Don’t stock firewood and thatch in kitchen Injury ,loss of property IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people , Storm Give training on First Aid, keep the industry and kiln far from inhabitants Death and injury, losses of IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open property/homeless, damage of space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the Fire livelihood system, environmental industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Put off light, Make aware the people , degradation Give training on First Aid, Bhaktapur- Injury ,loss of property IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people , Storm 9 Give training on First Aid, Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in Epidemic crisis, decrease in livelihood, environment degradation, blindness proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Consultation with eye expert frequently Death, injury, Displace, losses of Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition property including livestock posters and pamphlets, conduct awareness campaign and trainings for Earthquake preparedness through media, Stay in Ground Floor, Conduct training and street drama for Disaster preparedness, Give training on First Aid, Death and injury, losses of IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep gas cylinder in open property/homeless, damage of space, keep match box at place where children cannot reach, keep the Fire Bhaktapur- livelihood system, environmental industry and kiln far from inhabitants, Put off light, Make aware the people , 12 degradation Give training on First Aid Injury ,loss of property IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, , Make aware the people , Storm Give training on First Aid, Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat Epidemic crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in environment degradation, blindness proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid Death, injury, Displace, losses of Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition, property including livestock conduct awareness campaign and trainings for preparedness through media, Earthquake Stay in Ground Floor, Conduct training and street drama for Disaster preparedness, Give training on First Aid, Death and injury, losses of IEC materials exhibition, Keep gas cylinder in open space, keep match box at Bhaktapur- property/homeless, damage of place where children cannot reach, keep the industry and kiln far from 13 Fire livelihood system, environmental inhabitants, Put off light, Make aware the people , Give training on First Aid degradation Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition, Keep the water source neat & clean, conduct health Epidemic crisis, decrease in livelihood, awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in proper sanitation, Give environment degradation, blindness training on First Aid Death, injury, Displace, losses of Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition, property including livestock conduct awareness campaign and trainings for preparedness through media, Earthquake Avoid keeping picture frame on wall near bed, Conduct training for preparedness, Give training to mason to build earthquake resistant houses, Avoid keeping flower pot on parapet wall, training on First Aid, Death and injury, losses of IEC materials exhibition, Keep gas cylinder in open space, keep match box at property/homeless, damage of place where children cannot reach, keep the industry and kiln far from Fire livelihood system, environmental inhabitants, properly Manage the insulated Electric wire, doorstep Bhaktapur- degradation awareness, proper management of water stock (Construction of ponds) 14 Sick and death, Epidemics and IEC materials exhibition, Keep the water source neat & clean, conduct health Epidemic common disease awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in proper sanitation, Environmental degradation and decrease on livelihood Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition, Keep the water source neat & clean, conduct health Epidemic crisis, decrease in livelihood, awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in proper sanitation, environment degradation, blindness

Death, injury, Displace, losses of Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, IEC materials exhibition, Earthquake property including livestock conduct awareness campaign and trainings for preparedness through media ,Conduct training for preparedness, Death and injury, losses of IEC materials exhibition, Keep gas cylinder in open space, keep match box at Bhaktapur- property/homeless, damage of place where children cannot reach, doorstep awareness, 16 Fire livelihood system, environmental degradation injury, Displace, losses of property IEC materials exhibition, Keep gas cylinder in open space, keep match box at Flood including livestock place where children cannot reach, doorstep awareness,

Illness, may cause death, Financial IEC materials exhibition, Keep the water source neat & clean, conduct health crisis, decrease in livelihood, awareness campaign and trainings. Give attention in proper sanitation, Epidemic environment degradation, blindness

Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system LALI MUNI Injury and in most cases Dead, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Road 1 Disability, Damage of Physical Construct alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and Accident properties, Loss of money skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules Illness, may cause Dead, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings, Give attention in Epidemic environment degradation proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Literate the old women Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system LALI MUNI Injury and in most cases Dead, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Road 3 Disability, Damage of Physical Construct alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and Accident properties, Loss of money skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules Illness, may cause Dead, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings, Give attention in Epidemic environment degradation proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Literate the old women Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders LALI MUNI livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, 6 Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Injury and in most cases Dead, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Road Disability, Damage of Physical Construct alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and Accident properties, Loss of money skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders LALI MUNI livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, 7 Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Injury and in most cases Dead, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Road Disability, Damage of Physical Construct alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and Accident properties, Loss of money skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system LALI MUNI Injury and in most cases Dead, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Road 8 Disability, Damage of Physical Construct alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and Accident properties, Loss of money skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules Illness, may cause Dead, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings, Give attention in Epidemic environment degradation proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Literate the old women Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction LALI MUNI infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake 9 degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system

Injury and in most cases Dead, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Road Disability, Damage of Physical Construct alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and Accident properties, Loss of money skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules Illness, may cause Dead, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings, Give attention in Epidemic environment degradation proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Literate the old women Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, LALI MUNI Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system 11 Illness, may cause Dead, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings, Give attention in Epidemic environment degradation proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Literate the old women Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, LALI MUNI Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system 12 Illness, may cause Dead, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings, Give attention in Epidemic environment degradation proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Literate the old women Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders LALI MUNI livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, 13 Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system Injury and in most cases Dead, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Road Disability, Damage of Physical Construct alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and Accident properties, Loss of money skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Make a participation from all stakeholders in any development works, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system LALI MUNI Illness, may cause Dead, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat 16 crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings, Give attention in Epidemic environment degradation proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Literate the old women Injury and in most cases Dead, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Road Disability, Damage of Physical Construct alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and Accident properties, Loss of money skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules Dead, Injury, Displace Construction of Earthquake resistant Houses, conduct awareness campaign Destruction of House, and trainings for Disaster preparedness , Form a Disaster Risk Reduction infrastructures, Environment Team in a ward, Take suggestion from Engineers for the construction of Earthquake degradation, Damage of building and other infrastructures, Make a participation from all stakeholders livelihoods in any development works, Establish the emergency fund in a community, Widen the access Road, Establish the early warning system LALI MUNI Illness, may cause Dead, Financial IEC materials exhibition posters and pamphlets, Keep the water source neat 22 crisis, decrease in livelihood, & clean, conduct health awareness campaign and trainings, Give attention in Epidemic environment degradation proper sanitation, Give training on First Aid, Widen the access Road, and Establish the early warning system. Regularize drinking water supply from the government. Literate the old women Injury and in most cases Dead, Strictly implement the Traffic rules. Manage the traffic. Widen the road width, Road Disability, Damage of Physical Construct alternative routes to smooth flow of traffic, Give knowledge and Accident properties, Loss of money skills to the pedestrian about traffic rules

Table 9. Disaster Ranking Matrix

Vulnerability Prioritization in 46 wards of Kathmandu Valley Road Disaster Earthquake Fire Epidemic Storm Flood Landslide Accident Weighted 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Value Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Vulnerability High High Medium Medium Low Low Low

Road Storm Total Elements Earthquake Fire Landslide Epidemic Accident Flood Score

Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake 6 Fire Fire Fire Fire Fire Fire Earthquake 5 Fire Epidemic Road Accident Flood Landslide Earthquake Storm 0

Fire Road Accident Epidemic Epidemic Earthquake Epidemic Epidemic 3

Road Fire Road Road Road Road Accident Earthquake Accident Accident Accident Accident 4

Earthquake Fire Road Flood Flood Epidemic Storm Accident 1

Earthquake Fire Road Storm Storm Epidemic Storm Accident 2

Model of Problem Tree

Solution Tree

Root cause