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Redescription of Stichopus Nasa SEMPER, 1868 (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae)

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Redescription of Stichopus Nasa SEMPER, 1868 (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) BULLETIN DE L'INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE BIOLOGlE, 77: 123-130,2007 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITU UT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN BIOLOGIE, 77: 123 ~ 130, 2007 Redescription of Stichopus nasa SEMPER, 1868 (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) by Claude MASSIN Abstract synonymy substantially determined (ROWE & GATES, 1995), its complete ossicle assemblage has never been Specimens from Japan, Thailand, Papua New Guinea fully described. SEMPER, (1868), MITS UKURI, (1912), and Madagascar have allowed a complete redescription and REYES-LEONARDO (1984) only illustrated the body of Stichopus naso SEMPER, 1868. The species, with a wall ossicles, excluding those from the papillae, tube­ wide Indo-Pacific distribution, is new to the fauna of feet and tentacles. Papua New Guinea and Madagascar. Similar to several Originally, Stichopus naso was considered an other shallow-water holothurians it has the potential to endemic of the Philippines (SEM PER, 1868; CLARK reproduce by transversal fission. When disturbed, the A.M. & ROW E, 1971 ; REYES-L EONARDO, 1984). Its body undulates in a typical fashion and it is capable of distribution has recently been extended to Australia limited swimming movements. (MARSH et a!. , 1993; ROW E & GATES 1995), South East Asia and the China Sea (LANE et a!., 2000; Key words: Stichopus naso, distribution, Indo-Pacific, PUTCHAKARN & SONCHAENG, 2000) and Sri Lanka transversal fission, escape movement. (KUMARA eta!., 2005). New voucher specimens from Japan, Thailand, Madagascar and Papua New Guinea have allowed a full Resume redescription of the species and the establishment of its distribution map. Stichopus naso SEMPER, 1868 est redecrit en detail sur base de materiel provenant du Japon, de Thai"lande, de Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee et de Madagascar. TAXONOMY L'espece qui a une large distribution Indo-Pacifique, est nouvelle pour Ia faune de Papouasie Nouvelle­ Order Aspid6chirotida GRUBE, 1840 Guinee et de Madagascar. S. naso a Ia possibilite de se Family Stichopodidae HAECKEL, 1886 reproduire par scission transversale com me d 'autres Genus Stichopus BRANDT, 1835 holothuries littorales. Lorsqu'il est derange, il presente Stichopus naso SEMP ER, 1868 un mouvement natatoire par ondulation du corps. Stichopus naso Semper, 1868 : 72, pis 18, 30, fig. Mots cles: Stichopus naso, distribution, Indo-Pacific, 3a-c (non Stichopus naso HAACKE, 1880); LUDW IG, scission transversale, mouvement de retraite. 1883 : 164 ; LAMPERT, 1885 : 107 ; TH EE L, 1886 : 192 ; LUDWIG , 1889-92 : 331 ; CLARK, 1922 : 68 ; CLARK, A.M. & ROWE, 1971 : 178 ; DANIEL & HALD ER, 1974 : INTRODUCTION 423 REY ES-LEONARDO, 1984: 151 , pl. 10, fi g. 2a­ h ; REYES-LEONARDO & COWAN, 1984 : 43 (colour Although Stichopus naso SEMP ER, 1868 (non S. plate); MARSH et al. , 1993 : 64; ROWE & GATES, 1995 : naso HAACKE, 1880 = S. herrmanni SEMP ER, 1868) 325 ; LANE et a!., 2000 : 489 ; SAMYN, 2003 : 88 ; has always been considered a valid species and its PUTCHAKARN & SONCHAENG , 2004 : 426 ; KUMARA et 124 C.MASSIN 'I al., 2005 : 25 a muddy bottom with sparse sea-grass bed, October 1990. Stichapus flaccus LIAO , 1980 : 118, fig. 6a-h ; LIAO, - Microscopic preparations from four specimens 1984 : 240, fig. 20(1-11) ; LIAO & CLARK , A.M. 1995 : (labelled I 1206, I 1207, I 1208 and I 1209) from­ 466, fig. 279a-b ; LIAO, 1997 : 152, fig. 88a-b ; LANE et Thailand (Gulf of Thailand, Kho Lan Islands) collected al., 2000 : 489. by S. PUTCI-IAKARN , May 2001. Stichapus levis SLUITER, 1888: 198, pl. 1(6); CLARK, DESCRIPTION H.L. 1922: 50. Small to medium holothuroid (1 0-20 em long). Body Stichapus laevis; LUDWIG , 1889-92: 331; CLARK H.L., quadrangular in cross section; trivium with well 1922: 50. defined sole. Tube feet of trivium densely crowded in 4-6 rows along each of the ambulacra (fig. I C); two Stichapus ahshimae MITSUKURI, 1912 : 171, fig. 30a­ narrow interambulacral zones devoid of tube-feet (fig. f; CLARK, H.L. 1922 : 50; YAMANOUCI-11 , 1955 : 194 ; 1C). Mouth ventral, surrounded by 18 tentacles; anus VERBIST, 1993 : 117 ; ? KOHTSUKA, 2006: 203 (2 colour terminal without anal papillae. Bivium with four more plates). or less distinct rows of very large papillae (figs. 1A, B). Along the ventral lateral edges, between the bivium Stichapus variegatus pallidus CLARK, H.L. 1938: 514. and trivium, a row of prominent papillae occurs (figs. lA-C). Stichapus han-ens; KOHTSUKA et al. , 2005: 23 (non Dorsal body wall yellowish beige, mottled with Stichapus han-ens SELENKA, 1867). brown, or uniform yellow brown (figs 1A, B) ; ventral body wall light beige with a brown line along central TYPE LOCALITY ambulacrum (fig.1 C). Tip of podia and dorsal papillae deep brown; specimens from Madagascar with Philippines (Bohol). dorsally brown lines perpendicular to each other. Small specimens with grey patches or nearly uniform grey TYPE MATERIAL (fig. 1B). Body wall thick (3-5 mm). Polian vesicles 2-4, large (1/1 0 to 1/20 of body length), one contorted Two according to SEMPER (1868); their whereabouts stone canal embedded in dorsal mesentery, ending in unknown according to ROWE & GATES ( 1995). spherical madreporic plate (fig. 4A) located at the level of the calcareous ring. Tentacle ampullae very short MAT ERIAL EXAMINED (1 /50 of body length). Calcareous ring well developed, stichopodid like, i.e. dorsal radial pieces with two - Two specimens (IRSNB IG 28679/30) from posterior process and interadial pieces narrow, (1 /2 of Madagascar (TuJear, middle of the Grand Recif, internal radial length) each with a prominent anterior tooth (fig. slope, Station 20) collected by I. EECKHAUT, at low tide 2B). Longitudinal muscles well developed, wide, bifid, at 2-3 m depth on a sandy muddy bottom, November attached. Gonads abs~nt in all specimens sh1died. 1998. Ossicles of body wall comprise tables, rosettes and - Two specimens (IRSNB IG 29142/42) from C-shape rods. Tables nearly all of similar size (disc 25 Madagascar (Tulear, Belaza) collected by C. MASSIN in ~tm across, pillars 30 ~un high); disc of table perforated a sea-grass bed close to a mangrove at low tide, March by 4 central holes and 4-8 peripheral holes (fig.2C); disc 2000. of table smooth to spiny. Rosettes present, (fig. 2D) - Three specimens from Madagascar (Tulear, Belaza: more numerous ventrally than dorsally. C-shape rods 23 °30'S- 43°45'E) collected by R. RASOLOFORINA in a numerous, 90-180 f..Lm long dorsally and gathered in sea-grass bed at low tide, March 2006. heaps (fig. 2E); ventrally, C-shape rods 60-110 ~tm long. - One specimen from · Japan (Awaze, Okinawa Tube feet with two types of tables: small ones similar Prefecture) collected by SHOGO ARAI at 10m depth on to those of body wall (fig. 2F) and some larger ones a soft mud with fine sand, December 2004. with up to 20 peripheral holes (fig. 2G). Rods narrow, -Two specimens (IRSNB IG 27754/177 and IG 27754/ spiny, 200-400 f..Lm long (fig. 2J) sometimes with forked 178) from Papua New Guinea (Hansa Bay, Madang extremities (fig. 4K). Rosettes numerous and irregular Province), collected by C. MASSTN at 7 m depth on (fig. 2L). Close to end plate large perforated plates Redescription of Stichopus nasa SEMPER, 1868 125 Fig. 1. Stichopus nasa SEMPER, 1868. A: Madagascar, Tulear, Belaza; low tide, on sandy-muddy bottom with sea-grass beds (photo R. RASOLOFONTRJNA); B: Papua New Guinea, Madang Province, Hansa Bay, 7 m depth on sparse sea-grass beds (photo C. MASSIN); C: Madagascar, Tulear, Belaza, dorsal and ventral view (photo C. MASSIN). 126 C.1LASS~ E §_ ;- 0 0 0 N Fig. 2. Stichopus nasa SEMPER, 1868, specimen from Papua New Guinea. A: stone canal; B. ; calcareous ring (r: radial piece; ir: interradial piece); C: tables from dorsal body wall; D: rosettes from ventral body wall; E: C-shape rod from dorsal body wall; F: small table from tube feet; G: large table from tube feet; H: perforated plates from tube feet; J: rods from tube feet; K: forked extremity of a tube feet rod; L: rosettes from tube feet; M: small table from dorsal papillae; N: large tables from dorsal papillae; P: C-shape rods from dorsal papillae; Q: spiny rods from dorsal papillae; R: S­ shape rod from dorsal papillae; S: rosettes from dorsal papillae; T: C-shape rods from tentacles; U: spiny rods from tentacles. I I Redescription of Stichapus nasa SEMPER, 1868 127 Fig. 3. Stichopus nasa SEMPER, 1868. Distribution map. present, 100-160 f-UTI long with spiny edge (fig. 2H). body. When disturbed S. nasa exhibits an undulatory End plate of the tube feet 300-600f-Lm across, made movement of the body wall to escape. Because of this of several pieces. Dorsal papillae with tables, rosettes, behaviour, local people from Madagascar call S. nasa large spiny rods and C- and S-shape rods. Two kinds "the smurfholothurian" (EECKHAUT, pers. comm.). of tables are present: small tables (disc 25-40 f-Lm across) (fig. 2M) very similar to those of body wall and DISCUSSION large tables (disc 80-120 f-Lm across) with numerous peripheral holes (fig.2N); last type tack like, with 4 Superficial examination shows that Stichapus nasa and spiny pillars ending into 2-4 spines; pillars united by S. han-ens SEL EN KA 1867 bear a lot of resemblance. 2-4 transversal beams (fig. 2N). Spiny rods similar to However, they are easy to separate from each other those of tube feet: narrow, up to 400 f-Lm long, some in the field because of their colom pattern, and their with forked extremities (fig. 2R); C-shape rods 40-130 behaviour. S. harrens lives most of the time on the reef f-Lm long (fig. 2P); S-shape rods rare (fig.
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