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(Pachyrhizus Spp.). in Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, PAO/IBPGR (In Press) Morton, J.P

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(Pachyrhizus Spp.). in Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, PAO/IBPGR (In Press) Morton, J.P CONTENIDO Páginas CONTENIDO ............................................................................. Ü LISTA DE CUADROS .................................................................. v lNTRODUCCION ....................................................................... 1 Pachyrhizus spp.: CARACTERISTICAS GENERALES ........................... 3 CLASIFICACION TAXONOMICA ......... .... ....... ...... ..... ......... ... .... 3 DESCRIPCION BOTANICA ........................................................ 4 RANGOS DE ADAPTACION .... ... .......... ... .... .... ...... ... ........... ...... 4 GERMOPLASMA ..................................................................... 5 Colecciones ................. , ...................................... , . ... .. .. ...... .. 5 Caracterización del germoplasma ...................... , ................. , .... .. .. 6 1VlIrrORAMIENTO GENETICO .................................................... ¡r Me]oramlen· . t o para pro d"ucclon ........................................... , ...... .. 8 Mejoramiento de la fijación de nitrógeno ....................................... 8 Mejoramiento de la calidad ...... ... .... ... .... .. .. .. .... ... ... .... .. .. 9 ESTUDIOS INTERESPECIFICOS ............................................... 10 Pachyrhizus erosus ................ , .................. , ................. , . .. ... .... .... 11 IMPORTANCIA DE LA ESPECIE ........ ..... .... ............. ........... ..... 11 SINONIMIA ......................................................................... 12 NOMBRES COMUNES ............................................................ 12 ORIGEN Y DISTRIBUCION ..................................................... 13 DESCRIPCION BOTANICA ....... ....... ....... ... .... ...... .... ........... ..... 14 FISIOLOGIA DEL CULTIVO ............................................. :...... 16 COMPOSICION NUTRICIONAL ................................................ 19 UTILIZACION ...................................................................... 22 Alimentación humana .. .. .. ...... ... ....... .. ... ... .. .... ... .. .. .. ... 23 Alimentación animal ..................................... , ........ ,. .... .... .. 24 Fuente de almidón .. , ............................. " . ... .. ... .. ... .. .. ... 24 Fuente de aceite .............. , ........................... , . ... ... .. ... 24 Fuente de agua .................................................................... 25 Fuente de fibra ........................................... , . ... .. ... .. .... 25 Abono verde .... '" ......................................................... , .. .... 25 Fijación de nitrógeno . ... .. .... .. ........ ... .... .. .... ... .. .. .. .. .. 25 Insecticida ... , . ..... ... .. ...... ... .. ........ .. ..... .. ... .. .. .. .... 26 Veneno para peces ................................................................ 28 Propiedades medicinales .............. , .......................... , ........ , .. .... 28 Efectos perj udiciales de su consumo .. ...... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... 29 ECOLOGIA DEL CULTIVO .... ................ .... .......... .................... 30 Clima ............................................................................... 30 Suelo ..... ......... ............. .......... ......................... .................. 31 ii Páginas PRACTICAS DE CULTIVO ...................... ................................. 31 Preparación del suelo . .. .. .. .. .. .. 32 Material de siembra . .. .. .. .. 32 Fecha de siembra ................................. ................................. 33 Distancias y forma de siembra .................. ................................. 33 Intercultivo ......................................... ................................. 34 Fertilización ........................................................................ 35 Co.mb~t~ de malezas y aporca . .. .. 35 IrngaclOn . ... 36 Eliminación de flores . .. ... .. .. .. .. 36 Eliminación de guías y retoños .................................................. 37 Producción de semillas ............................................................ 37 Cosecha .............................................................................. 37 Manejo poscosecha ................................................................ 38 Normas de calidad ................................................................. 39 ENFERMEDADES .................................................................. 40 Enfermedades virosas . 40 Enfermedades fungosas ....... ........ .............. ............ ..... ...... ....... 41 Enfermedades causadas por bacterias ........................................... 42 Enfermedades causadas por nemátodos ........ ................................. 42 PLAGAS ............................................................................... 43 Phyl~opha{?a spp. .................................. ................................. 43 Fernsza vlrgata .................................... ................................. 43 Frankliniela occidentalis . .. ... 44 Diabrotica spp. ..................................................................... 44 Escarabajo rosado .................................................................. 44 Afidos ............................................................................... 44 Otras plagas . ... .. 44 ECONOMIA DE LA PRODUCCION ........... ................................. 45 Rendimiento ....................................... ................................. 45 Rentabilidad ........................................................................ 45 Comercialización ................................................................... 49 Pachyrhizus tuberosus .................................................................. 50 IMPORTANCIA DE LA ESPECIE ............................................... 50 HISTORIA ............................................................................ 50 SINONIMIA . 51 NOMBRES COMUNES ............................................................. 51 ORIGEN Y DISTRIBUCION ...................................................... 51 DESCRIPCION BOTANICA ....................................................... 52 FISIOLOGIA ......................................................................... 52 COMPOSICION NUTRICIONAL ................................................ 53 UTILIZACION ....................................................................... 53 Alimentación humana ............................................................. 53 Alimentación animal . 54 Fuente de almidón ................................................................. 54 Fuen te de aceite . 54 Insecticida . .... .. .. .. 54 Propiedades medicinales .......................................................... 54 iií Páginas ECOLOGIA DEL CULTIVO ..................................................... 55 PRACTICAS DE CULTIVO ..................................................... 55 Cosecha ............................................................................. 55 ECONOMIA DE LAPRODUCCION .......................................... 55 Rendimiento ....................................................................... 55 ENFERMEDADES Y PLAGAS ................................................. 56 Pachyrhizus ahipa ..................................................................... 57 IMPORTANCIA DE LA ESPECIE ............................................. 57 HISTORIA ........................................................................... 57 SINONIMIA ........................................................................ 58 NOMBRES COMUNES ........................................................... 58 ORIGEN Y DISTRIBUCION .................................................... 58 DESCRIPCION BOTANICA ..................................................... 59 COMPOSICION NUTRICIONAL ............................................... 59 UTILIZACION ..................................................................... 60 Alimentación humana ........................................................... 60 Fl]acl·· ·ó n d·e m·tr' ogeno ........................................................... .. 60 Insecticida ......................................................................... 60 ECOLOGIA DEL CULTIVO ..................................................... 61 PRACTICAS DE CULTIVO .................................................. : .. 61 Manejo poscosecha .............................................................. 62 ENFERMEDADES Y PLAGAS ................................................. 62 ECONOMIA DE LA PRODUCCION .......................................... 62 Rendimiento ...................................................................... 62 Pachyrhizusferrugineus .............................................................. 63 IMPORTANCIA DE LA ESPECIE ............................................. 63 SINONIMIA ........................................................................ 63 ORIGEN Y DISTRIBUCION .................................................... 63 DESCRIPCION BOTANICA ..................................................... 64 UTILIZACION ..................................................................... 64 PLAGAS ............................................................................. 64 Pachyrhizus panamensis .............................................................. 65 IMPORTANCIA DE LA ESPECIE ............................................. 65 ORIGEN Y DISTRIBUCION ...................................................
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