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The Collecting, Dealing and Patronage Practices of Gaspare Roomer
ART AND BUSINESS IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY NAPLES: THE COLLECTING, DEALING AND PATRONAGE PRACTICES OF GASPARE ROOMER by Chantelle Lepine-Cercone A thesis submitted to the Department of Art History In conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada (November, 2014) Copyright ©Chantelle Lepine-Cercone, 2014 Abstract This thesis examines the cultural influence of the seventeenth-century Flemish merchant Gaspare Roomer, who lived in Naples from 1616 until 1674. Specifically, it explores his art dealing, collecting and patronage activities, which exerted a notable influence on Neapolitan society. Using bank documents, letters, artist biographies and guidebooks, Roomer’s practices as an art dealer are studied and his importance as a major figure in the artistic exchange between Northern and Sourthern Europe is elucidated. His collection is primarily reconstructed using inventories, wills and artist biographies. Through this examination, Roomer emerges as one of Naples’ most prominent collectors of landscapes, still lifes and battle scenes, in addition to being a sophisticated collector of history paintings. The merchant’s relationship to the Spanish viceregal government of Naples is also discussed, as are his contributions to charity. Giving paintings to notable individuals and large donations to religious institutions were another way in which Roomer exacted influence. This study of Roomer’s cultural importance is comprehensive, exploring both Northern and Southern European sources. Through extensive use of primary source material, the full extent of Roomer’s art dealing, collecting and patronage practices are thoroughly examined. ii Acknowledgements I am deeply thankful to my thesis supervisor, Dr. Sebastian Schütze. -
Adaptation, Emulation and Innovation: Scorel, Gossaert and Other Artists As a Source of Inspiration for the Young Heemskerck
ILJA M. VELDMAN Adaptation, emulation and innovation: Scorel, Gossaert and other artists as a source of inspiration for the young Heemskerck The nature and scope of the early oeuvre of Maarten van Heemskerck (1498-1574) long remained indistinct. Produced before his departure for Rome at the end of May 1532, Heemskerck’s early work was also underestimated and misjudged, due to the absence of signatures and dates on many of his paintings and a dearth of other critical information. In his Schilder-boeck (1604), Karel van Mander centers his brief account of the painter’s fijirst thirty-two years on the omanticr anecdote of an artist of humble birth who persists in a career as a painter despite his father’s opposition.1 As Van Mander recounts, Heemskerck’s fijirst apprenticeship to the Haarlem painter Cornelis Willemsz asw cut short when his father fetched him back to their farm in Heemskerk to milk the family’s cows. But the boy ran away from home and apprenticed himself to the Delft painter Jan Lucasz, who taught him to draw and paint well. When Maarten learned of Jan van Scorel’s return from Italy and of the new Italian style he had developed there, he joined him as his assistant in Haarlem. Heemskerck mastered Scorel’s new art of painting so rapidly and so well, Van Mander writes, that one could barely distinguish their works from each other. Thereupon a jealous Scorel sent him away. Defijinition of Heemskerck’s early oeuvre On the basis of Van Mander’s account and the assumption that Scorel’s talents were naturally superior to those of a mere assistant (‘discipel’), much of Heemskerck’s early oeuvre was widely credited to Scorel, including paintings that in time would be recognized as his most outstanding works. -
20-A Richard Diebenkorn, Cityscape I, 1963
RICHARD DIEBENKORN [1922–1993] 20a Cityscape I, 1963 Although often derided by those who embraced the native ten- no human figure in this painting. But like it, Cityscape I compels dency toward realism, abstract painting was avidly pursued by us to think about man’s effect on the natural world. Diebenkorn artists after World War II. In the hands of talented painters such leaves us with an impression of a landscape that has been as Jackson Pollack, Robert Motherwell, and Richard Diebenkorn, civilized — but only in part. abstract art displayed a robust energy and creative dynamism Cityscape I’s large canvas has a composition organized by geo- that was equal to America’s emergence as the new major metric planes of colored rectangles and stripes. Colorful, boxy player on the international stage. Unlike the art produced under houses run along a strip of road that divides the two sides of the fascist or communist regimes, which tended to be ideological painting: a man-made environment to the left, and open, pre- and narrowly didactic, abstract art focused on art itself and the sumably undeveloped, land to the right. This road, which travels pleasure of its creation. Richard Diebenkorn was a painter who almost from the bottom of the picture to the top, should allow moved from abstraction to figurative painting and then back the viewer to scan the painting quickly, but Diebenkorn has used again. If his work has any theme it is the light and atmosphere some artistic devices to make the journey a reflective one. of the West Coast. -
The Meaning and Significance of 'Water' in the Antwerp Cityscapes
The meaning and significance of ‘water’ in the Antwerp cityscapes (c. 1550-1650 AD) Julia Dijkstra1 Scholars have often described the sixteenth century as This essay starts with a short history of the rise of the ‘golden age’ of Antwerp. From the last decades of the cityscapes in the fine arts. It will show the emergence fifteenth century onwards, Antwerp became one of the of maritime landscape as an independent motif in the leading cities in Europe in terms of wealth and cultural sixteenth century. Set against this theoretical framework, activity, comparable to Florence, Rome and Venice. The a selection of Antwerp cityscapes will be discussed. Both rising importance of the Antwerp harbour made the city prints and paintings will be analysed according to view- a major centre of trade. Foreign tradesmen played an es- point, the ratio of water, sky and city elements in the sential role in the rise of Antwerp as metropolis (Van der picture plane, type of ships and other significant mari- Stock, 1993: 16). This period of great prosperity, however, time details. The primary aim is to see if and how the came to a sudden end with the commencement of the po- cityscape of Antwerp changed in the sixteenth and sev- litical and economic turmoil caused by the Eighty Years’ enteenth century, in particular between 1550 and 1650. War (1568 – 1648). In 1585, the Fall of Antwerp even led The case studies represent Antwerp cityscapes from dif- to the so-called ‘blocking’ of the Scheldt, the most im- ferent periods within this time frame, in order to examine portant route from Antwerp to the sea (Groenveld, 2008: whether a certain development can be determined. -
Rare Cityscape by Jacob Van Ruisdael of Budapest on Loan at the Portrait Gallery of the Golden Age Exhibition
Press release Amsterdam Museum 25 February 2015 Rare cityscape by Jacob van Ruisdael of Budapest on loan at the Portrait Gallery of the Golden Age exhibition For a period of one year commencing on the 27th of February, the Portrait Gallery of the Golden Age exhibition will be enriched with a rare cityscape by Jacob van Ruisdael (1628-1682) from the Szépmüvészeti Múzeum (Museum of Fine Arts) in Budapest: View of the Binnenamstel in Amsterdam. The canvas shows Amsterdam in approximately 1655, shortly before Amstelhof was built, the property in which the Hermitage Amsterdam is currently situated. The painting is now back in the city where it was created, for the first time since 1800. With this temporary addition, visitors to the Portrait Gallery of the Golden Age can experience how the city looked around 350 years ago seen from the place where they will end up after their visit. There are only a few known cityscapes by Jacob van Ruisdael. Usually, with this perhaps most "Dutch" landscape painter, the city would at best figure in the background, as in his views of Haarlem, Alkmaar, Egmond and Bentheim. Only in Amsterdam, where he is documented as being a resident from 1657, did he stray a few times within the city walls. It has only recently been established properly and precisely which spot in which year is depicted on the painting. Curator of paintings, sketches and prints Norbert Middelkoop from the Amsterdam Museum described it last year in an entry for the catalogue on the occasion of the Rembrandt and the Dutch Golden Age exhibition in the Szépmüvészeti Múzeum in Budapest. -
New Perspectives on Pieter Bruegel the Elder's Journey To
KATRIEN LICHTERT New perspectives on Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s journey to Italy (c. 1552-1554/1555)* Bruegel’s journey in context: I Fiamminghi and the south Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c. 1528-1569) travelled to Italy at a time when journeys to the south were becoming increasingly popular; from the second half of the sixteenth cen- tury onwards, the majority of well-established Northern European artists made such a voyage. In Italy they were called Fiamminghi,1 and while some of them travelled out of personal interests, the main reasons were visiting the ruins of classical antiquity and getting acquainted with the works of the Italian masters. Rome was very popular since it combined the best of both worlds and a visit to the Eternal City was often the under- lying reason for undertaking such journeys. It is well known that Jan Gossart (1478-1532) travelled to Italy in 1508-1509, accompanying his patron Philip of Burgundy on a diplo- matic mission.2 After his return to the Netherlands, Gossart played an important pioneer- ing role in introducing the Italian Renaissance idiom in the Low Countries.3 Other well-known artists travelling to Italy prior to Bruegel were Jan van Scorel (1495-1562) and his pupil Maarten van Heemskerck (1498-1574). Both painters played a decisive role in the introduction and propagation of the classical in the Low Countries and they copiously integrated Roman architecture and sculpture in their own works based on sketches which were made on the spot. Long after their return to the Netherlands these antique ruins and sculptures proved to be fruitful sources of inspiration for both artists. -
Walk Among Teyler and Hals
Verspronckweg Schotersingel Kloppersingel Staten Bolwerk Kennemerplein Rozenstraat Prinsen Bolwerk Kenaustraat Stationsplein singel Parkeergarage Stationsplein Garenkookerskade Kenaupark Kinderhuis Parklaan Parklaan Parklaan Kruisweg Jansweg Parklaan Hooimarkt Spaarne Nieuwe Gracht Nieuwe Gracht Nassaustraat Zijlweg Kinderhuissingel Kinderhuisvest Ridderstraat BakenessergrachtBakenessergracht Koudenhorn Kruisstraat Molen De Adriaan Grote or St. Bavokerk (20, St Bavo’s Church) was built in Gothic Walk left of the town hall into Koningstraat. Halfway down this street, on your Jansstraat 22 Nassaulaan style in the spot where a smaller church, which was largely destroyed in right, you can see the former school for Catholic girls, ‘Inrichting voor Onderwijs Route 1 - Starting point: Frans Hals Museum Route map WALK AMONG a fire in the 14th century, once stood. St Bavo is the patron saint of the aan Katholieke Meisjes’ and then on your left at No. 37, the asymmetrically shaped Zijlstraat Papentorenvest Route 2 - Starting point: Teylers Museum Smedestraat TEYLER AND HALS Kennemerland region. In 1479, the building was rebuilt as a collegiate church. former bakery (24) in Berlage style (1900). Decorative Jugendstil carvings by Brouwersvaart The remarkable thing about this church is that it was built without piles in G. Veldheer embellish both sides of the freestone façade frame. The figure of a Bakenessergracht the ground. Grote or St. Bavokerk is sometimes also referred to as ‘Jan met baker is depicted in the keystone above the shop window. Gedempte Oude Gracht Zijlstraat Raaks 15 de hoge schouders’ (high-shouldered John) because the tower is rather small Barteljorisstraat compared to the rest of the building. The church houses the tombs of Frans At the end of Koningstraat, cross Gedempte Oude Gracht and continue straight on Grote 16 Parkeer- Drossestraat 23 19 Hals, Pieter Teyler Van der Hulst and Pieter Jansz. -
LS Landscape/Seascape/Cityscape SL Still Life PO Portrait FL Floral
Photography Show - Category Code Definitions LS Landscape/Seascape/Cityscape Landscape photography shows spaces within the world, sometimes vast and unending, but other times microscopic. Landscape photographs typically capture the presence of nature but can also focus on man-made features or disturbances of landscapes. A seascape is a photograph that depicts the sea, or an example of marine art. The word has also come to mean a view of the sea itself, and when applied in geographical context, refers to locations possessing a good view of the sea. A cityscape is a city viewed as a scene; an artistic representation of a city; an urban environment. A cityscape (urban landscape) is a photograph of the physical aspects of a city or urban area. It is the urban equivalent of a landscape. Townscape is roughly synonymous with cityscape, and it implies the same difference in size and density implicit in the difference between the words city and town. SL Still Life Still life photography is the depiction of inanimate subject matter, most typically a small grouping of objects. Still life photography, more so than other types of photography, such as landscape or portraiture, gives the photographer more leeway in the arrangement of design elements within a composition. Still life photography is a demanding art, one in which the photographers are expected to be able to form their work with a refined sense of lighting, coupled with compositional skills. The still life photographer makes pictures rather than takes them. PO Portrait Portrait photography or portraiture in photography is a photograph of a person or group of people that captures the personality of the subject by using effective lighting, backdrops, and poses. -
Landscape Photography: Types and Styles
Landscape Photography: Types and Styles Scenery is the subject of a landscape image. Usually people or animals are not shown in a landscape photograph. Similarly, city skylines and oceans are generally not shown. To a purist these would be called cityscape and seascape respectively. Landscape photographs are supposed to be just that; landscapes. There are three major styles of landscape photography 1. Representational (also known as straight descriptive style) 2. Impressionistic 3. Abstract Representational: Representational landscapes are the most natural and realistic out of all the styles of landscape photography. They approach landscape photography with a what you see is what you get mentality. No props or artificial components are added. However special attention is paid to the framing, lighting and composition of the image. See Joel Sternfield Impressionistic: An impressionistic landscape carries with it a vague or elusive sense of reality. These photographs will make the landscape seem more unreal. The viewer is giving the impression of a landscape rather than the true representation of one. See Wynn Bullock Abstract: Abstract landscape photographs use components of the scenery as graphic components. With abstract landscape photography design is more important than a realistic representation of what is seen. The photographer may place emphasis on something which seems counterintuitive to place emphasis on. They may make use of silhouettes or other lighting techniques to highlight shape, They may focus in on an area within the landscape itself. See Edward Weston Landscape and Architecture Photography. Natural Landscape: a natural landscape is a landscape that is unaffected by human activity, The natural landscape is a place under the current control of natural forces and free of the control of people for an extended period of time. -
Cityscapes by Manon Slome
The Cityscapes of José Parlá: A Dislocated Reality I coined the name; Cityscapes, as a term for José Parlá’s work for he is not just a painter of the urban scene. Rather, his paintings recreate, in their densely accumulated surfaces, the very textures and pulse of the cities he has moved through since childhood and throughout his life : San Juan, Miami, New York City, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, Houston, Savannah, London, Havana, Istanbul, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Osaka, Madrid, Bangkok, Sydney, Antwerp, Paris, and San Salvador. Parlá’s paintings are an extension of these travels. José captures and replicates the mood of the city streets by zooming into the landscape through color and the recreation of deteriorated city walls on which time has worked its mark. Through immersing ourselves into the terrain of Parlá’s surfaces we can almost hear the sound track of the streets. Sounds emerging from car horns, voices, trains screeching into a subway station, music, footsteps, laughter, a saxophone playing in the distance, all blending as layers that help to create the visual symphony of Parla’s gesture. Parlá is fascinated with how the city constructs itself and functions as a palimpsest, upon which the experiences of those who pass through are materially inscribed on decaying walls. He sees the city as a vertical grid, from the bridges, to the streets, down to the subterranean warrens of train tunnels, pipes and wires connecting to people living life inside apartments. The 1 construction of the city and the passing of time find their equivalent in the way he attacks a painting, how he sees the need to layer his surfaces the way the city itself in layered. -
American Art Today: Contemporary Landscape the Art Museum at Florida International University Frost Art Museum the Patricia and Phillip Frost Art Museum
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons Frost Art Museum Catalogs Frost Art Museum 2-18-1989 American Art Today: Contemporary Landscape The Art Museum at Florida International University Frost Art Museum The Patricia and Phillip Frost Art Museum Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/frostcatalogs Recommended Citation Frost Art Museum, The Art Museum at Florida International University, "American Art Today: Contemporary Landscape" (1989). Frost Art Museum Catalogs. 11. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/frostcatalogs/11 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Frost Art Museum at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Frost Art Museum Catalogs by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RIGHT: COVER: Howard Kanovitz Louisa Matthiasdottir Full Moon Doors, 1984 Sheep with Landscape, 1986 Acrylic on canvas/wood construction Oil on canvas 47 x 60" 108 x ;4 x 15" Courtesy of Robert Schoelkopf Gallery, NY Courtesy of Marlborough Gallery, NY American Art Today: Contemporary Landscape January 13 - February 18, 1989 Essay by Jed Perl Organized by Dahlia Morgan for The Art Museum at Florida International University University Park, Miami, Florida 33199 (305) 554-2890 Exhibiting Artists Carol Anthony Howard Kanovitz Robert Berlind Leonard Koscianski John Bowman Louisa Matthiasdottir Roger Brown Charles Moser Gretna Campbell Grover Mouton James Cook Archie Rand James M. Couper Paul Resika Richard Crozier Susan Shatter -
'From Nature': Sixteenth Century Netherlandish Artistic Theory And
TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Introduction I. Drawing ‘from nature’: sixteenth century Netherlandish artistic theory and practice I.1. Theory I.2. Practice II. Case studies II.1. Jan Gossaert II.2. Jan van Scorel II.3. Maarten van Heemskerck II.4. Hieronymus Cock II.5. Tobias Verhaecht Conclusion Bibliography PART II List of illustrations Illustrations Illustration front page: Maarten van Heemskerck, Forum Romanum seen from the Capitol (detail), Berlin, Staatliche Museum, Kupferstichkabinett, inv. KdZ 6696. Pen and brown ink, washed with bistre, 216 x 555 mm, signed and dated: Martijn hemskeric 1535 INTRODUCTION During the sixteenth century, many Netherlandish artists1 made a study trip to Italy, and more in particular to Rome, mainly as a completion of the artistic education they had started in their native country. Having arrived in the southern peninsula, they looked for prestigious commissions or employment in an Italian workshop. Many artists returned home after some years, others built up a life and career in the city and stayed. It has been generally acknowledged that northern artists travelled to Italy to learn from Antiquity and their contemporary Italian masters and that in Rome in particular, they made drawings of all the things they admired in the city which they could use in their work. Nonetheless, it remains questionable to what extent and for which purposes northern artists have collected visual material in Rome. Furthermore, it is certainly not clear if the practice of drawing ‘from nature’ may be regarded as one of the main reasons for sixteenth century northern artists to set off for a journey southwards.