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Environmental Monitoring Report Pakistan Environmental Monitoring Report 4rd Annual Report December 2012 Pakistan: Sindh Coastal Community Development Proejct – Departmental Mangrove Plantation in Shah Bundar Creeks Prepared by International Union for Conservation of Nature, Pakistan Country Office for the Government of Sindh, Pakistan and the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 31 December 2012) Currency unit – pak rupees (PRs) PRs1.00 = $ 0.0103 $1.00 = PRs. 97.250 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CFD – Coastal Forest Department DFO – divisional forest officer CO – community organization GIS – geographic information system IUCN – International Union for Conservation Of Nature NRSP – National Rural Support Programme SCCDP – Sindh Coastal Community Development Project SCDA – Sindh Coastal Development Authority SRS – sample random sampling This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Fourth Monitoring Report Mangroves Raised by Coastal Forest Division Sindh Forest Department, Government of Sindh At Shah Bundar International Union for Conservation of Nature, Pakistan Sindh Coastal Community Development Project (SCCDP) November, 2012 Prepared by IUCN Pakistan IUCN Pakistan Country Office, 1, Bath Island Road, Clifton, Karachi-75530 Tel: ++92 21 35861540-3 Fax; ++92 21 35861448, 35835760 2 Table of Contents I-INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………04 II-SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING………………..……………………………………………………………………..……04 III-METHODOLOGY ..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………05 i. Pre-Planting Site Selection…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……05 ii. Post-Planting Monitoring……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..05 iii. Assessment of Survival/Success Percentage of Mangrove Plantations…………………….………………….05 iv. Assessment of Planting Process and Approach……………………………………………………………………………06 IV-FINDINGS OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION ……………………………………………………………………………………07 V-DISCUSSION……………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………08 i. Techincal Aspect of the Project…………………………………………………….……………………………………….……08 a. Estimated Survival Percentage………………………………………………………………………………………08 b. Plant Growth…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………08 c. Choice of Species and Planting Methodology ……………………………………………………………….09 d. Area Planted………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...10 e. Container Plant Nursery ……………………………………………………………………………………………….10 ii Planting Process and Approach …………………………………………………………………………………………………..14 a. Community Engagment…………………………………………………………………………………………………14 b. Organizational Collaboration…………………………………………………………………………………………14 VI-CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………………………………………….……………………………14 GIS MAP………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……16 ANNEXURE I : ……………………………………………..……………….……………………………………………………………………..……17 3 I. INTRODUCTION The ADB-funded Sindh Coastal Community Development Project (SCCDP) is being implemented by the Sindh Coastal Development Authority (SCDA) in the coastal areas of Thatta and Badin through government agencies (Sindh Forest Dept., Sindh Fisheries Department, and District Governments) and non-government organizations (NRSP and IUCN) each with different roles and responsibilities. The objectives of the project are to: i. Diversify household income generation options and access to service in ways sustainable to the fragile ecosystem ii. Improve coastal zone management by stabilizing environmental degradation, protecting coastal areas from accelerated erosion iii. Strengthen institutional capabilities for coastal zone planning and development and management of fisheries resources The complex nature of the project demands effective cooperation between organizations for successful implementation of the project in order to achieve the following outputs: iv. Sustainable community managed income generating mangrove stands, pond/raft fisheries, and shell fisheries established v. Transparent and accountable community driven mechanisms for identification, implementation and operations and maintenance of civil works and public services in place. Under the sub-component “Improved Coastal Management”, IUCN Pakistan is tasked with the planning and implementation of community planting, management and environmental assessment of aquaculture in the coastal areas of the Thatta and Badin districts. IUCN Pakistan’s key roles in the Sindh Coastal Community Development Project are: vi. To implement the Community Mangrove Planting component of the project – 350 Ha on community owned property. vii. To monitor and evaluate both the 350 ha area and the planting of 8000 Ha of mangroves by the Department of Forestry on government owned land. viii. To monitor environmental impacts of the aquaculture related activities to be undertaken as part of the project. In the role of consultant IUCNP has been working very closely with NRSP and Sindh Forest and Fisheries departments for the implementation of SCCDP. II. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING This monitoring and evaluation report pertains to reportedly 2000 Ha of new mangrove plantation carried out in Shah Bundar by the Coastal Forest Division - Sindh Forest Department (CFD-SFD) during 2012 as per following details. 4 # N am e o f Si t e Tot al A r ea ( H a) Pl ant ed Year of Pl ant at i on i Shah Bundar 2000 2012 Tot al 2000 The objectives of the present monitoring report are as follows: i. To assess quantity and quality of mangrove rehabilitation work undertaken by CFD-SFD under the project during the current year and report the same to Project Executing agency. ii. To assess natural regeneration within the planted areas which was emerging or surviving as a result of protection efforts by Sindh Forest Department. iii. To provide positive technical feedback to the CFD on deficiencies in implementation of the mangrove rehabilitation component. iv. To enhance the overall outcome of the mangrove rehabilitation sub- component. III. METHODOLOGY IUCN Pakistan has developed a framework for monitoring the process with approaches adopted for monitoring the 8000 Ha of plantation done by the Sindh Forest Department under the project. The methodology follows the specified guidelines and indicators prescribed by the monitoring framework which involves several steps: i. Pre-Planting Site Selection To establish a baseline, the sites were reconfirmed and intensively visited by IUCN staff jointly with the staff of the Coastal Forestry Division (CFD) of the Sindh Forest Department during the month of March 2012. GIS map was then shared with the Project Director, SCCDP and DFO-CFD, Karachi. ii. Po st -Planting Monitoring Monitoring of mangrove areas is a daunting task in terms of their inter-tidal characteristics and remoteness which are subject to tidal phenomena, in turn limiting access to these areas. Hence, the ability to access and monitor planted areas is subject to suitable tide and weather conditions. iii. A ssessm ent o f Sur v i v al / Success Per cent age o f M angr o v e Pl ant at i o ns The assessment of the survival percentage of mangrove planted areas is one of the important indicators identified in the monitoring framework. This assessment helps in evaluating effectiveness of planting approach, choice of species, protection measures, etc. adopted by CFD. It also provides a useful insight for subsequent corrective measures based on the lessons learnt. In order to assess the survival and success percentage of the new and previously planted areas, a Simple Random Sampling (SRS) approach was adopted. SRS is a widely used sampling approach to make inference about population from data 5 collected through the independently selected samples. Using SRS, randomly selected geographic locations were identified within the sites planted under the project at Shah Bundar and Keti Bundar. The randomization was undertaken on the basis of the extent of both East longitudinal and North latitudinal coordinates encompassing the entire planted areas. The random sample locations were identified using quick random calculator which is available at http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/randomn2.cfm. Based on this, sampling locations were identified for data collection at Shah Bundar for newly planted areas. The sample plots were well distributed to represent the entire planted areas. The list of randomly selected coordinates is annexed (Annexure I). The randomly selected sample plots were located using GPS. At each sampling location, fixed area plots measuring 10 m x 10 m were laid out. The sample plots were laid using a systematic procedure measuring 10m from the point of origin towards north, then 10m towards east, then 10m towards west and finally measuring 10m towards west (point of origin) to complete the square grid. The same procedure was adopted to lay out a sample plot on the opposite side. At each sample plot, data pertaining to the number of surviving plants, number of dead plants, type of species, height of plants, leaf count, etc. was recorded in data sheets developed for the purpose. In addition, natural regeneration and old naturally growing mangrove plants were also counted within
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