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Seven Churches of Revelation Turkey
TRAVEL GUIDE SEVEN CHURCHES OF REVELATION TURKEY TURKEY Pergamum Lesbos Thyatira Sardis Izmir Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Samos Ephesus Laodicea Aegean Sea Patmos ASIA Kos 1 Rhodes ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN TURKEY BULGARIA Sinanköy Manya Mt. NORTH EDİRNE KIRKLARELİ Selimiye Fatih Iron Foundry Mosque UNESCO B L A C K S E A MACEDONIA Yeni Saray Kırklareli Höyük İSTANBUL Herakleia Skotoussa (Byzantium) Krenides Linos (Constantinople) Sirra Philippi Beikos Palatianon Berge Karaevlialtı Menekşe Çatağı Prusias Tauriana Filippoi THRACE Bathonea Küçükyalı Ad hypium Morylos Dikaia Heraion teikhos Achaeology Edessa Neapolis park KOCAELİ Tragilos Antisara Abdera Perinthos Basilica UNESCO Maroneia TEKİRDAĞ (İZMİT) DÜZCE Europos Kavala Doriskos Nicomedia Pella Amphipolis Stryme Işıklar Mt. ALBANIA Allante Lete Bormiskos Thessalonica Argilos THE SEA OF MARMARA SAKARYA MACEDONIANaoussa Apollonia Thassos Ainos (ADAPAZARI) UNESCO Thermes Aegae YALOVA Ceramic Furnaces Selectum Chalastra Strepsa Berea Iznik Lake Nicea Methone Cyzicus Vergina Petralona Samothrace Parion Roman theater Acanthos Zeytinli Ada Apamela Aisa Ouranopolis Hisardere Dasaki Elimia Pydna Barçın Höyük BTHYNIA Galepsos Yenibademli Höyük BURSA UNESCO Antigonia Thyssus Apollonia (Prusa) ÇANAKKALE Manyas Zeytinlik Höyük Arisbe Lake Ulubat Phylace Dion Akrothooi Lake Sane Parthenopolis GÖKCEADA Aktopraklık O.Gazi Külliyesi BİLECİK Asprokampos Kremaste Daskyleion UNESCO Höyük Pythion Neopolis Astyra Sundiken Mts. Herakleum Paşalar Sarhöyük Mount Athos Achmilleion Troy Pessinus Potamia Mt.Olympos -
Hadrian and the Greek East
HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way. -
Komai in Lykien
GEPHYRA 1 2004 119-126 Friedrich HILD* KOMAI IN LYKIEN Abstract: Hild presents a comprehensive list of 85 poleis known from the coastal areas and the interior of Lycia. This large number of poleis is countered by far fewer villages (komai) known from literary and epigraphical sources to have existed in the territory (chora) of these cities. The author lists numerous examples of such villages, which were subordinate to the city in whose territory they lay, and provides brief information on the location of many of them. Die antike Kulturlandschaft Lykien war reich gegliedert.1 Einer Reihe von äußerst fruchtbaren Schwemmlandebenen an der Küste (Mündungsdelta des Indos/Dalaman Çay mit der Polis Kalynda, Küstenhof von Telmēssos/Fethiye, Delta des Xanthos Potamos mit Xanthos und Patara, Mündung des Myros Potamos mit Myra, Mündung des Arykandos mit Limyra und Phoinix, Mündung des Alakır Çayı mit Korydalla, Rhodiapolis und Gagai, Mündung des Barsak Çayı bei Tekirova mit Phasēlis, Mündung des Idyros Potamos mit Idyros) standen kleine und kleinste Buchten gegenüber, die ebenfalls als Zentren von Poleis dienten, so An- tiphellos/Kaş, Aperlai (in einer Sympolitie mit Isinda, Apollōnia und Simēna) in Zentrallykien und Kōrykos/Olympos in Ostlykien. Im Hinterland eigneten sich fruchtbare Täler für Stadt- gründungen, so für Tlōs, Pinara und Araxa im Tal des Xanthos Potamos, für Arykanda im Tal des Arykandos und für Akalissos (mit Idebēssos und Korma in einer Sympolitie vereinigt) im Tal des Alakır Çayı. Eingelagert zwischen den beiden großen Gebirgsmassiven des Kragos im Westen und des Masikytos im Osten sind im Quellgebiet des Myros Potamos die großen Becken der Kasaba Ovası mit den Poleis Kandyba und Arneai und die Elmalı Ovası mit den Poleis Podaleia, Chōma und Akarassos. -
Greece • Crete • Turkey May 28 - June 22, 2021
GREECE • CRETE • TURKEY MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 Tour Hosts: Dr. Scott Moore Dr. Jason Whitlark organized by GREECE - CRETE - TURKEY / May 28 - June 22, 2021 May 31 Mon ATHENS - CORINTH CANAL - CORINTH – ACROCORINTH - NAFPLION At 8:30a.m. depart from Athens and drive along the coastal highway of Saronic Gulf. Arrive at the Corinth Canal for a brief stop and then continue on to the Acropolis of Corinth. Acro-corinth is the citadel of Corinth. It is situated to the southwest of the ancient city and rises to an elevation of 1883 ft. [574 m.]. Today it is surrounded by walls that are about 1.85 mi. [3 km.] long. The foundations of the fortifications are ancient—going back to the Hellenistic Period. The current walls were built and rebuilt by the Byzantines, Franks, Venetians, and Ottoman Turks. Climb up and visit the fortress. Then proceed to the Ancient city of Corinth. It was to this megalopolis where the apostle Paul came and worked, established a thriving church, subsequently sending two of his epistles now part of the New Testament. Here, we see all of the sites associated with his ministry: the Agora, the Temple of Apollo, the Roman Odeon, the Bema and Gallio’s Seat. The small local archaeological museum here is an absolute must! In Romans 16:23 Paul mentions his friend Erastus and • • we will see an inscription to him at the site. In the afternoon we will drive to GREECE CRETE TURKEY Nafplion for check-in at hotel followed by dinner and overnight. (B,D) MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 June 1 Tue EPIDAURAUS - MYCENAE - NAFPLION Morning visit to Mycenae where we see the remains of the prehistoric citadel Parthenon, fortified with the Cyclopean Walls, the Lionesses’ Gate, the remains of the Athens Mycenaean Palace and the Tomb of King Agamemnon in which we will actually enter. -
Greek Cities & Islands of Asia Minor
MASTER NEGATIVE NO. 93-81605- Y MICROFILMED 1 993 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK / as part of the "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Project'' Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United photocopies or States Code - concerns the making of other reproductions of copyrighted material. and Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries or other archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy the reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that for any photocopy or other reproduction is not to be "used purpose other than private study, scholarship, or for, or later uses, a research." If a user makes a request photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair infringement. use," that user may be liable for copyright a This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept fulfillment of the order copy order if, in its judgement, would involve violation of the copyright law. AUTHOR: VAUX, WILLIAM SANDYS WRIGHT TITLE: GREEK CITIES ISLANDS OF ASIA MINOR PLACE: LONDON DA TE: 1877 ' Master Negative # COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT BIBLIOGRAPHIC MTCROFORM TAR^FT Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record m^m i» 884.7 !! V46 Vaux, V7aiion Sandys Wright, 1818-1885. ' Ancient history from the monuments. Greek cities I i and islands of Asia Minor, by W. S. W. Vaux... ' ,' London, Society for promoting Christian knowledce." ! 1877. 188. p. plate illus. 17 cm. ^iH2n KJ Restrictions on Use: TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA i? FILM SIZE: 3 S'^y^/"^ REDUCTION IMAGE RATIO: J^/ PLACEMENT: lA UA) iB . -
Comunidades Helenógrafas En La Lusitania Visigoda (S. VI)
PYRENAE, núm. 44 vol. 2 (2013) ISSN: 0079-8215 (p. 69-108) © Edgar Miguel Cruz Monteiro Fernandes, Miguel Filipe Grandão Valério 2013 – CC BY-NC-ND REVISTA DE PREHISTÒRIA I ANTIGUITAT DE LA MEDITERRÀNIA OCCIDENTAL JOURNAL OF WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN PREHISTORY AND ANTIQUITY Comunidades helenógrafas en la Lusitania visigoda (s. VI) EDGAR MIGUEL CRUZ MONTEIRO FERNANDES Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Arqueologia e Paleociências. Centro de História da Cultura Avenida de Berna, 26-C, P-1069-061 Lisboa [email protected] MIGUEL FILIPE GRANDÃO VALÉRIO Departament de Filologia Llatina. Facultat de Filologia. Universitat de Barcelona Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, E-08007 Barcelona [email protected] La afluencia de grupos de orientales a Hispania se prolongó incluso tras la caída del Imperio Romano de Occidente. En las localidades modernas de Mérida, Mértola y Plasenzuela se encontró material epigráfico —mayoritariamente epitafios— inscrito en griego por inmigrantes que se establecieron en la provincia de Lusitania. El presente ensayo propone un origen en la zona egeoanatolia para al menos parte de estos grupos de inmigrantes y discute las motivaciones de su venida, sumando evi- dencias históricas y arqueológicas a los datos epigráficos y lingüísticos, estos dos últimos los principales testigos de su permanencia en territorio lusitano. PALABRAS CLAVE ANTIGÜEDAD TARDÍA, LUSITANIA, EPIGRAFÍA GRIEGA, ORIENTALES, COMERCIO, IGLESIA The influx of groups of Easterners to Hispania continued even after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Epigraphic material —mostly epitaphs— inscribed in Greek by immigrants who settled in the province of Lusitania was found in the modern-day localities of Mérida, Mértola and Plasenzuela. -
Phaselis Batı Ve Kuzeybatı Nekropolis'leri the Western And
DOI:10.13114/MJH.2016.298 Geliş Tarihi:04.09.2016 Mediterranean Journal of Humanities Kabul Tarihi:16.11.2016 mjh.akdeniz.edu.tr VI/2 (2016) 279-297 Phaselis Batı ve Kuzeybatı Nekropolis’leri The Western and Northwestern Necropoleis of Phaselis Betül GÜREL Öz: Phaselis, Akdeniz‟de sahip olduğu üç doğal limanıyla önemli bir ticaret noktası olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Kent Lykia ve Pamphylia sınırlarının birleştiği noktada yer almaktadır. Bugüne kadar elde edilen arkeolojik veriler, epigrafik belgeler, nümizmatik bulgular ve antik kaynaklar ışığında kentin Arkaik Dönem‟den Doğu Roma Dönemi‟ne dek iskan gördüğü bilinmektedir. Phaselis‟te 1812 yılında başlayan ve kesintilerle 2000 yılına değin uzanan araştırmalar kent tarihi ve yerleşimi hakkında bazı bilgiler sunmasına karşın Phaselis nekropolis‟lerine dair detaylı bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu durum Phaselis‟in bölge sınırları içerisinde yer alan diğer antik kentlerle mezar mimarisini ve ölü gömme geleneklerini benzerlik ve farklılıklar açısından incelemeyi gerekli kılmaktadır. Kentte çeşitli unsurlarla birbirinden ayrılan üç nekropolis alanı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, nekropolis araştırmalarının başlangıcı için belirlenen “Batı ve Kuzeybatı Nekropolis” mercek altına alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda şimdiye değin elde edilen veriler ışığında, nekropolis‟lerin kent içindeki konumu, sınırları, mezar türlerinin tespiti ve dağılımı ekseninde kentin gömü geleneğinin mezar mimarisine yansımalarına dair bilinenler ve yorumlar paylaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca kuzeybatı nekropolis‟te yer alan mezarların topografya üzerindeki dağılımını gösteren harita da çalışma içerisinde yer almaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: Phaselis, Nekropolis, Mezar, Lahit, Khamasorion, Ostothek, İnhumasyon, Kremasyon Abstract: The ancient Mediterranean port-city of Phaselis attracts attention as an significant commercial hub with its three natural harbours. The city is located on the border between Lycia and Pamphylia. -
Parerga to the Stadiasmus Patarensis (16): the Roads, Settlements and Territories
GEPHYRA 13, 2016, 89-118 Parerga to the Stadiasmus Patarensis (16): The Roads, Settlements and Territories Fatih ONUR in memory of Prof. Dr. Sencer ŞAHİN In this paper, I discuss some issues concerning the relationship between roads, settlements and ter- ritories recorded in the Stadiasmus Patarensis (SP). Accepting that the SP was not a journey guide and that it just provided the length of the roads (R) constructed or renovated, and of course meas- ured, between almost all of the major and some minor settlements, I propose: firstly, that the roads between the settlements were from and into the settlements’ town zones; secondly, that the compo- sition of the road list took account of the territories of the settlements; thirdly, that all the settle- ments mentioned in the SP had an independence, which might have varied in different status. The paper opens by discussing the use of prepositions and articles in the SP, before addressing the courses of the roads. I shall then treat the probable start and end points of the roads, and dedicate a final section to the political status of the settlements and the related territorial issues. Before addressing these points, I believe that it should be firstly and precisely determined what was meant by the use of ὁδός on the SP at the top of side B. From the beginning of our research and publications, we have called these road connections, the “routes” (itinera) between settlements, Assoc. Prof. Fatih Onur, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Letters, Dept. of Ancient Languages and Cultu- res, Campus 07058 Antalya ([email protected]). -
The Oracle and Cult of Ares in Asia Minor Matthew Gonzales
The Oracle and Cult of Ares in Asia Minor Matthew Gonzales ERODOTUS never fails to fascinate with his rich and detailed descriptions of the varied peoples and nations H mustered against Greece by Xerxes;1 but one of his most tantalizing details, a brief notice of the existence of an oracle of Ares somewhere in Asia Minor, has received little comment. This is somewhat understandable, as the name of the proprietary people or nation has disappeared in a textual lacuna, and while restoring the name of the lost tribe has ab- sorbed the energies of some commentators, no moderns have commented upon the remarkable and unexpected oracle of Ares itself. As we shall see, more recent epigraphic finds can now be adduced to show that this oracle, far from being the fantastic product of logioi andres, was merely one manifestation of Ares’ unusual cultic prominence in south/southwestern Asia Minor from “Homeric” times to Late Antiquity. Herodotus and the Solymoi […] 1 The so-called Catalogue of Forces preserved in 7.61–99. In light of W. K. Pritcéhesttp’s¤ dtahwo rodu¢g h» mreofbuota˝tnioanws eo‰xf osunc hs mscihkorlãarws, aksa O‹ .p rAorbmÒalyoru, wD . FehdlÊinog ,l aunkdio Se.r Wg°eastw, ßwkhaos steoekw teo‰x dei,s c§rped‹ idt ¢th teª asuit hkoerfitay loªf sHie krordãontuesa o n thixs ãanldk eoath:e pr rpÚowin dts¢, tIo w›silli skimrãplnye rseif eŒr ttãhe t ree kadae‹r kto° rPerait cphreotts’s∞ tnw ob omÚawj or trexatãmleknetas ,o f t§hpe∞irs waonr k,d S¢t udkieas i‹n AlnÒcifenot i:G reetkå Two podg¢ra phkyn IÆVm (aBwe rk=eãleky e1s9i8 2) 23f4–o2in85ik a°nodi sTih ek Laiatre Silch¤xoola otf oH. -
Assoc. Prof. HÜSEYİN SAMİ ÖZTÜRK
Assoc. Prof. HÜSEYİN SAMİ ÖZTÜRK Personal Information WEmeabi:l :h httsposz:/tu/[email protected]/hsozturk EDodcutocraatteio, Mna Irnmfaorar mUnaivteiorsnity, Institute of Social Sciences, Eskiçağ Tarihi (Dr), Turkey 1999 - 2006 UPonsdtegrrgardaudautaet, eM, İasrtmanabrua lU Ünniviveerrssititye, sIin, sEtditeubteiy oaft SFoackiüallt eSsci,e Anrckees,o Elosjki iBçaöğlü Tmarüi,h Ti u(rYkl)e y( T1e9z9li1), -T 1u9r9ke5y 1995 - 1999 Dissertations BDiolicmtolerra tEen, sMti.tÖü. sIüI.,- EMs.kSi.ç IaVğ. Tyüarziyhılil a(Drdra) , L2i0ky0a6-Pamfilya bölgesinde kırsal alan güvenliği, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal (PToesztglir)a, 1d9u9at9e, Hellenistik Çağ’da onurlandırma, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskiçağ Tarihi (Yl) RAnecsieenatr Hcihst oArry,e Laastin Language and Literature, Greek Language and Literature Academic Titles / Tasks RAessiesatarcnht PArsosfisetsasnotr, ,M Maarrmmaarraa U Unniviveerrssitityy, ,F Faaccuultltyy o off A Arrttss a anndd S Sccieienncceess, ,H Hisisttoorryy, ,1 2909194 - - 2 2001146 Courses Helleenni zTma rvihe iR, Uonmdae rÇgarğaı'dnudaat eA, n2a0d1o8l u- , 2P0o1s9tgraduate, 2018 - 2019 LHaetlilnecnec eM Gertianm Oekrui, mPoa,s Utgnrdaedrugartaed, 2u0at1e8, 2- 021081 9- 2019 HLaetlilnencecyee G Grairmişe, rUen Gdeirrigş,r Padoustagtrea, d2u0a1t8e ,- 2 2001189 - 2019 Roma Tvea rBihizi,a Unns dTearrgihrai, dUunadte,r 2gr0a1d8u -a 2te0, 129018 - 2019 Advising Theses ÖZztTüÜrRk KH .H S. S, .I ,d Meb.Se. sIsVo.–sV, AIIk. aylüiszsyoılsla vred aK oMrymroa s(:L Kyekniat )T vaer iehgi,e Pmoesntglirka daluaantıen, dTa.T hArNıs(tSiytaundleıkn,t P),o 2s0tg1r9aduate, C.Pilevneli(Student), 2013 Articles Published in Journals That Entered SCI, SSCI and AHCI Indexes I. AOrlycmhapeoosl oing iLcaylc iaan: dA ENpoigvreal pAhsisceasl sRmeesneta rocfh its History and Localization in Light of Recent AÖDZTAÜLRYKA , Hv.o Sl..2 , 3O, npcpu.2 O5.3 E-.275, 2020 (Journal Indexed in AHCI) II. -
8 Carlos Rizzini I.Say Marques Oersnt1 — Moacyr F. N0br1
? ? DIÁRIO NOTICIAS S. A. DIÁRIO OI NOTICIAS ".DIÁRIOS r KRNTS8TO CORRIA ÓRGÃO DOS ASSOCIADOS"FUNDADO A 1.* DE MARÇO DE 102Í PabUcidad* Ulf TILlVOiril AüTOM k * 1 O O • í DIRETOR! 8 CARLOS RIZZINI Oerlneta <M^ I.SAY MARQUES (Com rtda lat«ru wrflds po«off râsxi Venda AtuIm,,.. ANO XXXPÔRTO ALEGRE, 20 DE MAIO DE 1954N.° 65 | HedAcâo «SOIttS# OERSNT1 — MOACYR F. N0BR1 QUINTA-FEIRA, .... O em Genebrae> A índia hoje proporá Indochina um o de a plano paz para ' .''i&r' "*¦HPa 0 delegado indiano na ONU, Krisna Menon, ATACAM OS REBELDES DO VIET MINH COM CRESCENTE à elaborado apresentará conferência o plano autor da fórmula conseguiu o por Nehru, que VIOLÊNCIA NO SETOR VITAL DO DELTA DO RIO VERMELHO armistício na Coréia —r"wJ* Mais de 200 mil soldados têm os franceses 19 (lTP) — O embaixador especial da índia, Krl- GENEBRA,sbna Menon, ihegnrà amanhã a Genebra, em transito de comunistas na mais rica re- Nova Delhl para Nova York, onde presido a delegação Índia- e concentrados na na ONU. Krlihna Menon — segunde M aoube fonte» fidedignas - em vermelhos estão da Indochina Os já — Tal palestrar em caráter particular eom oa chefe» da dele- gião W ^Aj (afio norte-americana, Wailer Bedeil Smlth, e soviética, Mo- loto? — oferecendo oa bons oficio» da índia para pôr termo á dominando duas tervas partes da zona guerra da Indochina. Reina grande expectativa om tòmo diste oferecimento, pois como ae aabo, (oi a Intervenção da índia que levou ao — comunistas Vlet na da I* (UP) As tropas do Mlnh de- armistício guerra Coréia - John J. -
4-Iscr.-Su-Pietra-.Pdf
I. ATTICA N. EDIZIONE SCHEDA 1 IG I³ 1143 Provenienza: Salamina, Albelaki Collocazione: Atene, Museo epigrafico, inv. EM 22 Supporto: lastra di marmo bianco Contenuto: epigramma (distici elegiaci) per i morti corinzi nella battaglia di Salamina, detta “isola di Aiace” Data: 480/79 a.C.? 2 Bibliografia: IG I 927; GVI 17; LSAG 132; CEG I 131; G. PFOHL, Festschrift für Robert Μuth, Innsbruck 1983, pp. 350-354 Nome: Aias (Telam., l. 2) 2 IG I³ 234 Provenienza: Atene, acropoli Collocazione: Atene, Museo epigrafico, inv. EM 6559 Supporto: stele di marmo Contenuto: calendario sacrificale (molto framm.) Data: 480-460 a.C. Bibliografia: LSCG 1 Nome: Semele (ll. 18-19) 3 SEG XXVI 136 Provenienza: Thorikòs Collocazione: Malibu, Paul Getty Museum Supporto: stele di marmo Contenuto: calendario sacrificale Data: 430-420 (LEWIS, PARKER); 380-375 a.C. (DAUX) Bibliografia: G. DAUX, «AC» 52, 1983. pp. 150-174, con foto e traduzione, cf. «BCH» 108, 1984, pp. 399-400 (= SEG XXXIII 147); ID., «The J. Paul Getty Museum» 12, 1984, pp. 145-152, con foto e traduzione; J. LABARDE, Thorikos. Les testimonia, Gent 1977, pp. 56-64 nr. 50, con traduzione; G. DAUX, «CRAI» 124, 1980, pp. 463-470; D. M. LEWIS, «ZPE» 60, 1985, p. 108; R. PARKER, in Gifts to the Gods. Proceedings of the Uppsala Symposium 1985, ed. by Tullia Linders and Gullog Nordquist, Uppsala 1987, pp. 144-147; E. KEARNS, The Heroes of Attica, London 1989, p. 158; H. MATTINGLY, «ZPE» 83, 1990, pp. 111, 118-119, 122; M. H. JAMESON, in Democracy 2500? Questions and Challenges, ed.