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Danilo Batista Pinho Biodiversidade De Fungos Da Família Meliolaceae De DANILO BATISTA PINHO BIODIVERSIDADE DE FUNGOS DA FAMÍLIA MELIOLACEAE DE FRAGMENTOS DA MATA ATLÂNTICA DE MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Fitopatologia, para obtenção do título de Magister Scientiae. VIÇOSA MINAS GERAIS - BRASIL 2009 'A curiosidade é mais importante do que o conhecimento' (Albert Einstein) Dedico Aos meus pais Adão e Maria Eunice, e à minha filha Ingridy. ii AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a Deus pela proteção, sabedoria e por mais esta vitória; Aos meus pais Adão e Maria Eunice, e à minha filha Ingridy pelo incentivo, carinho e pela compreensão; À Universidade Federal de Viçosa e ao Departamento de Fitopatologia, pela oportunidade em realizar este curso; Aos professores do Departamento de Fitopatologia pelos ensinamentos; Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pela concessão da bolsa de estudos; Ao Prof. Olinto Liparini Pereira pela orientação e disponibilidade, pela confiança, amizade, pelo apoio, estímulo e empréstimo de material bibliográfico; Ao Prof. Robert Weingart Barreto, por disponibilizar os equipamentos da Clínica de Doenças de Plantas para realização do trabalho, empréstimo de material bibliográfico e pelas sugestões, indispensáveis para a realização deste trabalho; Ao D.Sc. Walnir Gomes Ferreira Júnior pelo apoio durante a coleta de material botânico, identificação das espécies botânicas, sugestões e empréstimo de referências bibliográficas para a melhoria do trabalho; Ao Sebastião Lopes de Faria Sobrinho pelo apoio durante as coletas de material botânico e auxílio na identificação das espécies; Ao biólogo Gilmar R.Valente e ao engenheiro florestal Márcio L. Batista pelo auxílio na identificação das espécies botânicas; Ao colega Frederick Mendes Aguiar pelo envio de artigos obtidos na Universidade Federal Rural do Pernambuco; Aos pesquisadores Baby Sabulal, Cleber Furlanetto e Virupakshagouda Bhimanagouda Hosagoudar pelo envio dos artigos científicos; Aos estudantes André Luiz Firmino e Meiriele Silva pela colaboração e pelo apoio na realização deste trabalho; Aos amigos de laboratório pela convivência agradável e pelos momentos de diversão; Aos funcionários e estudantes da Clínica de Doenças de Plantas pela recepção; Aos amigos Alessandro Nicoli, Carlos Bragança e Jaime Honorato pela convivência agradável, colaboração e sugestões em algumas disciplinas que estudamos; iii Aos colegas de mestrado pelos momentos de estudo e pela convivência durante as disciplinas; Aos amigos de república, Tadeu e Gustavo, pelo companheirismo e pela convivência; Enfim, agradeço a todos familiares e amigos que contribuíram direta e indiretamente para o alcance desta vitória. iv BIOGRAFIA DANILO BATISTA PINHO, filho de Maria Eunice Batista Pinho e Adão dos Santos Pinho, nasceu na cidade de Salinas-MG, no dia 17 de janeiro de 1984. Em 1999, ingressou no curso Técnico profissionalizante em Agropecuária na Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Salinas, formando em dezembro de 2001. No ano de 2003, ingressou no curso de Agronomia na Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, graduando-se em dezembro de 2007. Iniciou em 2008, o Programa de Pós-graduação, a nível de Mestrado em Fitopatologia, na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, submetendo-se à defesa de dissertação em 23 de novembro de 2009. No mesmo ano, em 25 de agosto de 2009, transferiu-se do nível de Mestrado para o de Doutorado, também em Fitopatologia, na mesma instituição. v SUMÁRIO Pág. RESUMO........................................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................ix 1. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL......................................................................................11 2. ARTIGO 2.1.Pinho, D. B., Pereira, O. L., Firmino, A. L., Silva, M., Ferreira Junior, W. G., Barreto, R. W. Biodiversity of the Meliolaceae fungi family from fragments of the Atlantic forest of Minas Gerais, Brazil (normas da revista Mycological Progress)...............................................................................................................23 3. APPENDIX.................................................................................................................80 vi RESUMO PINHO, Danilo Batista, M.Sc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa, novembro de 2009. Biodiversidade de fungos da família Meliolaceae de fragmentos da Mata Atlântica de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Orientador: Olinto Liparini Pereira. Co- Orientadores: Robert Weingart Barreto e Walnir Gomes Ferreira Júnior. A Mata Atlântica é um bioma ameaçado de extinção, caracterizado por um elevado nível de endemismo e diversidade de espécies. O conhecimento disponível sobre a diversidade neste bioma envolve espécies vegetais e animais que existem nesta floresta. No entanto, há poucos estudos sobre a diversidade de outros grupos extremamente diversificados, em especial sobre os fungos, restando uma grande lacuna ao conhecimento quanto à biodiversidade existente nesse bioma. A família Meliolaceae abrange espécies de fungos biotróficos que infectam um grande número de espécies de plantas de diferentes famílias distribuídas em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, causando doenças denominadas de míldios negros. Por comumente não causarem doenças severas em hospedeiros economicamente importantes, o estudo sobre esses fitopatógenos tem sido historicamente negligenciado em diversos países. O propósito deste trabalho foi o de contribuir para a ampliação do conhecimento sobre os fungos melioláceos no Brasil. Efetuou-se um levantamento de míldios negros associados às plantas que ocorrem em fragmentos florestais selecionados no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Estes fragmentos representam áreas em estados variados de conservação, desde bastante antropizados até próximos da condição de floresta primária e são classificadas como Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana. As cinco áreas são assim conhecidas: Mata da Biologia, Mata da Dendrologia, Mata da Silvicultura, Mata do Paraíso e Mata do Seu Nico. O estudo revelou nove espécies fúngicas a serem propostas como novas associadas a hospedeiros pertencentes as seguintes famílias botânicas: Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Cecropiaceae, Leguminosae, Sapindaceae e Tiliaceae. Quatro taxas associados com plantas das famílias Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Piperaceae e Sapindaceae foram reconhecidas como novas variedades a serem propostas. Além destes, as espécies Asteridiella cyclopoda, A. entebbeensis var. codiaei, Meliola pazschkeana var. macropoda, M. trichiliae e M. psychotriae var. chiococcae foram encontradas pela primeira vez no Brasil associados com hospedeiros da família Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Meliaceae e Rubiaceae, respectivamente. Apesar da pequena área representada pelo conjunto de fragmentos de Mata Atlântica explorada, vii nove novas espécies, quatro novas variedades e cinco novos relatos de míldios negros associados a vinte espécies de plantas hospedeiras, distribuídos em quatorze famílias botânicas foram encontradas. O elevado número de Melioláceos encontrado nessa pequena área em Viçosa, confirma a grande diversidade e carência de conhecimento sobre este grupo fúngico no bioma Mata Atlântica no Brasil. viii ABSTRACT PINHO, Danilo Batista, M.Sc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa, November of 2009. Biodiversity of the Meliolaceae fungi family from fragments of the Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Adviser: Olinto Liparini Pereira. Co-Advisers: Robert Weingart Barreto and Walnir Gomes Ferreira Júnior. The Atlantic Forest is a biome threatened with extinction, characterized by a high level of endemism and species diversity. The available knowledge about the diversity in this biome involves plant and animal species that exist in this forest. However, there are few studies on the diversity of other extremely varied groups, especially about the fungus, leaving a large gap in knowledge related to the biodiversity in this biome. The Meliolaceae family includes biotrophic fungal species that infect a large number of plant species from different families distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, causing diseases called the black mildews. For not usually causing severe diseases in economically important hosts, the study of these pathogens have historically been neglected in many countries. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the expansion of knowledge about the meliolaceous fungi in Brazil. A survey of black mildews associated with plants that occur in forest fragments selected in Viçosa, Minas Gerais was conducted. These fragments represent areas in varying states of preservation, since the very close anthropized to semi-natural condition of primary forest and are classified as tropical seasonal semi-deciduous montane forest. The five areas are well known: “Mata da Biologia”, “Mata da Dendrologia”, “Mata da Silvicultura”, “Mata do Paraíso” and “Mata do Seu Nico”. The study revealed nine fungal species to be proposed as new associated to hosts belonging to the following plant families: Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Cecropiaceae, Leguminosae, Sapindaceae and Tiliaceae. Four associated rates with plants of the Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Piperaceae and Sapindaceae families were recognized as new varieties to be proposed. In addition, the Asteridiella cyclopoda, A. entebbeensis var. codiaei, Meliola pazschkeana var. macropoda, M. trichiliae and M. psychotriae var. chiococcae species
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