Generating Standard Reference Electromagnetic Fields in the Nist Anechoic Chamber, 0.2 to 40 Ghz
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Antenna Gain Measurement Using Image Theory
i ANTENNA GAIN MEASUREMENT USING IMAGE THEORY SANDRAWARMAN A/L BALASUNDRAM A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree Master of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia JANUARY 2014 v ABSTRACT This report presents the measurement result of a passive horn antenna gain by only using metallic reflector and vector network analyzer, according to image theory. This method is an alternative way to conventional methods such as the three antennas method and the two antennas method. The gain values are calculated using a simple formula using the distance between the antenna and reflector, operating frequency, S- parameter and speed of light. The antenna is directed towards an absorber and then directed towards the reflector to obtain the S11 parameter using the vector network analyzer. The experiments are performed in three locations which are in the shielding room, anechoic chamber and open space with distances of 0.5m, 1m, 2m, 3m and 4m. The results calculated are compared and analyzed with the manufacture’s data. The calculated data have the best similarities with the manufacturer data at distance of 0.5m for the anechoic chamber with correlation coefficient of 0.93 and at a distance of 1m for the shield room and open space with correlation coefficient of 0.79 and 0.77 but distort at distances of 2m, 3m and 4m at all of the three places. This proves that the single antenna method using image theory needs less space, time and cost to perform it. -
Design and Implementation Aspects of a Small Anechoic Room And
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
Automatic Measurement of Rf Signal Spatial Properties and Antenna Patterns
AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENT OF RF SIGNAL SPATIAL PROPERTIES AND ANTENNA PATTERNS Ing. Michal VAVRDA, Doctoral Degree Programme (2) Dept. of Radio Electronics, FEEC, BUT E-mail: [email protected] Ing. Ivo HERTL, Doctoral Degree Programme (2) Dept. of Radio Electronics, FEEC, BUT E-mail: [email protected] Supervised by: Dr. Zdeněk Nováček ABSTRACT Radio frequency signal measurement site is described in the presented paper. It enables direction setting by antenna rotator and signal frequency scanning and consequently measuring the parameters using a receiver. The site has two basic uses: measuring of antenna pattern; scanning and locating of RF signal. The site and its operation are made universally, the accuracy depends of rotator quality and parameter amount depends of receiver type. 1 INTRODUCTION The current development in wireless communication requires powerful technologies for antenna testing and signal measuring. Sophisticated devices measure plenty signal parameters, but there is not simply site, which combines the use of these devices with antenna rotator system for measuring the spatial properties of signal also. In this work the site for scanning, locating and measuring of radio frequency signal and measuring and testing the spatial properties of antennas is designed. It consists of antenna system, antenna rotor, receiver and control unit (rotator controller, PC and operating software). The antenna system and receiver type both has to be chosen depending on the measuring conditions (service, frequency band, bandwidth, polarisation, etc.). The locating accuracy is increased with antenna directivity but the necessary number of measuring directions is also increased. The antenna rotor quality determines the accuracy of location. -
Measurements of Wireless Devices in Reverberation Chambers
Measurements of Wireless Devices in Reverberation Chambers Kate A. Remley IEEE EMC Society Distinguished Lecturer Group Leader, NIST Metrology for Wireless Systems Publication of the United States government, not subject to copyright in the U.S. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Mission: Advance technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity IEEE Geographical Operations center @ Technical Corporate office @ 17th floor, organizational Piscataway, New Jersey 3 Park Avenue in New York City units focus A dual complementary Region regional & 1-10 technical Societies structure Sections Chapters The Founding of IEEE 1884 1912 1963 AIEE and IRE merged to become AIEE IRE American Institute Institute of Radio the Institute of Electrical and of Electrical Engineers Engineers Electronics Engineers, or IEEE. Thomas Edison, Pioneers of wireless Alexander Graham Bell, technologies and other notables and electronics founded the founded the American Institute of Institute of Radio Electrical Engineers. Engineers. IEEE Today at a Glance Our Global Reach 421,000+ 39 160 Members Technical Societies Countries Member Senior Member IEEE Fellow Our Technical Breadth 1,600 3,900,000+ 170+ Annual Conferences Technical Documents Top-cited Periodicals IEEE EMC Society IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society: the world's largest organization dedicated to the development and distribution of information, tools, and techniques for reducing electromagnetic interference. The society's field of interest: standards, measurement -
ANTENNA ROTATOR DESIGN and CONTROL by MUHAMMAD RUSYDI BIN BUCHEK 14302 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requ
ANTENNA ROTATOR DESIGN AND CONTROL by MUHAMMAD RUSYDI BIN BUCHEK 14302 Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) SEPTEMBER 2014 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar 31750 Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL Antenna Rotator Design and Control by Muhammad Rusydi bin Buchek 14302 A project dissertation submitted to the Electrical & Electronics Engineering Programme Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Hons) (ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS) Approved by, _____________________ (AP Dr Mohd Noh Karsiti) UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK September 2014 i CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and that the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or persons. ___________________________________________ MUHAMMAD RUSYDI BIN BUCHEK ii ABSTRACT This paper consists of design and development of rotator for antenna positioning according to the desired azimuth and elevation. The rotator is to have the capability to be manually controlled (press button switch) or software driven. It should incorporate safety stop switches as well as position and speed sensors in order to achieve smooth movement and correct stopping position. The basic principle needs to be studies are speed control using the microcontroller, exact angle of position movement, and stoppable motor can be done in time due to emergency cases. As larger load is applied to the device, the large inertia will need to be compensated to achieve a good dynamic. -
Microwave Absorber
Microwave Absorber About ETS-Lindgren Selection Guide ETS-Lindgren is an international manufacturer of components and systems to measure, shield, and control electromagnetic and acoustic energy. The company’s products are used for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), microwave and wireless testing, electromagnetic field (EMF) measurement, radio frequency (RF) personal safety monitoring, and control of acoustic environments. Our product line ranges from simple bench-top diagnostic tools to fully integrated turnkey facilities. With a heritage that includes the famous Rantec brand of microwave absorber, ETS-Lindgren has been serving RF and microwave engineers for more than a quarter century. As part of ESCO Technologies Corporation, we have the financial strength to meet our commitments, both today and tomorrow. A leading supplier of engineered products for growing industrial and commercial markets, ESCO is a New York Stock Exchange listed company (symbol ESE) with headquarters in St. Louis, Missouri. USA UK Finland 1301 Arrow Point Drive Boulton Road Mekaanikontie 1 Cedar Park, Texas 78613 Pin Green Industrial Area FIN-27510, Eura +1.512.531.6400 Phone Stevenage Herts, SG1 4TH +358.2.8383.300 Phone +1.512.531.6500 Fax +44.(0)1438.730700 Phone +358.2.8651.233 Fax [email protected] +44.(0)1438.730751 Fax [email protected] [email protected] France Japan China Centre D’Affaires Paris Nord 4-2-6, Kohinata, Bunkyo-ku 1917-1918 Xue Zhixuan Building Batiment Ampere Tokyo, 112-0006 No. 16 Xue Qing Road 93153 Le Blanc Mesnil +81.3.3813.7100 Phone Haidian District +33.1.48.65.34.03 Phone +81.3.3813.8068 Fax Beijing P.R.C 100083 +33.1.48.65.43.69 Fax [email protected] +8610.8275.5086 Phone [email protected] +8610.8275.5503 Fax [email protected] RANTEC MICROWAVE ABSORBER RANTEC MICROWAVE ABSORBER www.ets-lindgren.com 5/03 2 k W © 2003 ETS-Lindgren. -
(Gps) Adjacent Band Compatibility Assessment
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) ADJACENT BAND COMPATIBILITY ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT APRIL 2018 I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The goal of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Global Positioning System (GPS) Adjacent Band Compatibility Assessment is to evaluate the maximum transmitted power levels of adjacent band radiofrequency (RF) systems that can be tolerated by GPS and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. The results of this effort advance the Department’s understanding of the extent to which such adjacent band transmitters impact GPS/GNSS devices used for transportation safety purposes, among numerous other civil applications. The assessment described in this report addresses transmitters in bands adjacent to the 1559-1610 MHz radionavigation satellite service (RNSS) band used for GPS Link 1 (L1) signals that are centered at 1575.42 MHz. The assessment includes two primary components: • One component, led by the DOT Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology (OST-R), focused on all civilian GPS devices and their applications, apart from certified aviation. Through this component of the Study, categories of receivers were evaluated that included aviation (non-certified), cellular, general location/navigation, high precision, timing, and space-based receivers. An element of this effort was to determine equipment susceptibility to adjacent band interference to support analyses for deriving compatible power levels. • The other component, led by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), focused on certified GPS avionics, and was conducted by analysis to determine the adjacent band power levels that conform to existing certified GPS aviation equipment standards. The DOT GPS Adjacent Band Study is the product of an extensive process to gather stakeholder views and input. -
Design of a Fully Anechoic Chamber
Design of a Fully Anechoic Chamber Roman Rusz Master’s Degree Project TRITA-AVE 2015:36 ISSN 1651-7660 iii iv Preface This Thesis is the final project within the Master of Science program Mechanical Engineering with specialization in Sound and Vibration at the Marcus Wallenberg Laboratory for Sound and Vibration Research (MWL) at the department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. This Thesis was conducted at Honeywell, in partnership with Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic under the supervision of Ing. Václav Prajzner. Supervisor at KTH Royal Institute of Technology was Professor Leping Feng, Ph.D. v Acknowledgment To begin with, I would like to thank Ing. Michal Weisz, Ph.D., the main acoustician of the Acoustic department at Technical University of Ostrava. He was an excellent support during the project. I would like to thank him for sharing his experiences and knowledge in acoustics. I would also like to thank my supervisor Leping Feng, Ph.D. for his guidance in this project and for sharing his deep knowledge for the topic and all the teachers and professors at KTH Royal Institute of Technology for their support and assistance. I would like to give special thanks to: my beloved family. I thank you for your strong support during my studies at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. my dear friend Jakub Cinkraut for being such an amazing friend. I thank you for the countless hours we spent together in Sweden, Finland and Czech Republic. I would not enjoy my studies without you. -
P11342: Table Top Shielded Antenna Anechoic Chamber for Bluetooth Applications
P11342: Table Top Shielded Antenna Anechoic Chamber for Bluetooth Applications 2010-2 / 2010-3 Daniel Pulito (EE) Jason Blackman (EE) Customer/Sponsor Mark Hinman, KODAK Mission Statement To design, construct and calibrate a table top shielded anechoic chamber that will minimize reflections of the source antenna, Project Guide shield the test antenna from spurious electromagnetic radiation George Slack and be capable of making automated measurements of the antenna gain and radiation pattern in the frequency range 1 GHz to 3 GHz. Faculty Advisor Dr. Jayanti Venkataraman For additional information, visit https://edge.rit.edu/content/P11342/public/Home Background With the increase in wireless technology at frequencies in the low gigahertz region, the assessment of an antenna’s design and performance has become very challenging. Creating a noise free environment allows accurate measurements to be taken. Ansoft LLC Return Loss PlanarEM1_1_2 ANSOFT 0.00 Curve Info dB(S(1,1)) Setup_1 : Sw eep_1 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 -20.00 dB(S(1,1)) -25.00 -30.00 -35.00 -40.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 Freq [GHz] Design of Broadband Antenna In order to increase the versatility of the chamber and allow it to operate at a wide range of frequencies, a broadband antenna was designed. A Patch Antenna with A return loss of -15 dB from2 to 5 GHz was Designed Details about the Chamber The chamber is made of 1/16” thick aluminum and has dimensions 37” by 27” with a height of 9”. -
C-Band TWG-1 Best Practices Annexes
ANNEX D Approved June 4, 2020 Terrestrial-Satellite Coexistence During and After the C-Band Transition Technical Work Group #1 Scope of Work 1. Preventing Interference 1.1. Emphasize the need for the FCC to complete its review of the pending C-Band incumbent earth station registration and modification applications in IBFS. 1.2. Agree on relevant data necessary for protection of Earth stations. (All 3.7 GHz Service licensees need to work from a common list of Earth stations.) 1.3. Understand best practices that 3.7 GHz Service licensees use to predict whether the FCC- specified power flux density (PFD) limits will be exceeded at earth station locations. 1.4. Agree on a common method for converting between PFD and power spectral density (PSD) at the Earth station. 1.5. Understand the nature of the Earth station receive filters to ensure that they will be adequate to reject 3.7 GHz Service signals below 3.98 GHz over a range of environmental conditions in order to ensure that the FCC-specified blocking PFD limit is met. 2. Interference Detection 2.1. Develop a procedure for earth stations to positively identify or exclude sources of interference. This procedure should rapidly eliminate non-3.7 GHz Service causes and initiate the inter-service interference resolution process. Consider whether a detection and alerting mechanism could be automated, particularly for major Earth station facilities. 2.2. Develop estimates of distances between 3.7 GHz facilities and earth stations beyond which interference is unlikely. 2.3. Develop a process for positively identifying or excluding sources of 3.7 GHz interference. -
Programmable Antenna Rotator VH226F User's Manual
Programmable Antenna Rotator VH226F User's Manual Unpacking Installing the Outdoor Drive Make sure the following pieces are in the box: Unit (1) Drive unit Step 1: Attach cable to the drive unit (1) Control unit 1. Run cable (not included) to the drive unit. (1) Remote control IMPORTANT: Up to 150’ (46m) of 20AWG 3 Hardware kit: conductor cable may be used. For longer runs, use heavier (2) U Bolts gauge wire. (5) Rotor-Mounting Bolts 2. Unscrew the single screw on the bottom door. Swing (3) Short Brackets the door open. (1) Long Bracket (with guy-wire holes) 3. Insert the cable through the grommet on the side of (10) Nuts the drive unit. (8) Washers 4. Separate the cable leads for 1.5”(4cm) and strip off Note: Bolts require a 10mm or adjustable wrench (not the insulation for 0.5”. included). continues on next page... This is class II equipment designed with double or reinforced insulation so it does Important Information not require a safety connection to electrical earth (US: ground). The MAINS plug is used as the disconnect device, the disconnect device shall IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS remain readily operable. PLEASE READ AND SAVE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE Plugging in for power AC OUTLET POWER SUPPLY: 100–240 V ~ 50/60 Hz The AC power plug is polarized (one blade is wider than the other) and only fits into AC power outlets one way. If the plug will not go into the outlet completely, WARNING: turn the plug over and try to insert it the other way. -
Cognitive Radio Technology This Page Intentionally Left Blank Fettechapt Prelims.Qxd 6/27/06 9:57 AM Page Iii
FetteChapt_Prelims.qxd 6/27/06 9:57 AM Page i Cognitive Radio Technology This page intentionally left blank FetteChapt_Prelims.qxd 6/27/06 9:57 AM Page iii Cognitive Radio Technology Edited by Bruce A. Fette AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Newness is an important of Elsevier FetteChapt_Prelims.qxd 6/27/06 9:57 AM Page iv Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Copyright © 2006, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (ϩ44) 1865 843830, fax: (ϩ44) 1865 853333, E-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:[email protected]" [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Support & Contact” then “Copyright and Permission” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cognitive radio technology / edited by Bruce A. Fette.—1st ed. p. cm.—(Communications engineering series) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-0-7506-7952-7 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7506-7952-2 (alk. paper) 1. Software radio. 2.