Using a technique to produce 3D Entertainment contents

Seung Seok Noh, Sung Dea Hong, Jin Wan Park

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract reformed from ‘Spacewar!’ by Nutting & Associates in 1971. In 1978 the color games appeared and The computer game market has been growing ‘Catacomb 3D Series’ in 1991 and ‘’ by ID rapidly all over the world with the game technology Software in 1992 are the representing games of FPS. In developing greatly caused from the development of addition, FPS games were developed technically and computer technology and the increase in the grown rapidly with the development of computer prevalence of PC. Such excellent game technology has technology. ‘’ of in 1994 created been used for making games and the various media the basis of FPS games which the main stream of design. For this reason, in this essay, I’ll analyze the computer games. ID Software who is the originator of real time 3D game engine technology, the base of FPS the true action FPS developed the Engine after (First Person Shooter) which is carried out through the the success of DOOM. ‘’ supported the character’s view and also show the entertainment realistic light effect and sound, and multi media play contents production study and the way of future game through internet which made the many gamers excited engine development using past production pipeline. and gave birth to ‘DOOM3’ in August, 2004 and ‘’ in October, 2005. Epic Megagames which is 1. The background and purpose of study. known as Extreme pinball in early 1990 (now, ) made ‘Unreal’ and Game Engine in 1998. The real time 3D game engine is the most important Unreal got the world wide game from game players’ part of programming games and the collection of all popularity because it provided the beautiful graphic the technology. So far, many games have been with 16-bit or more natural colors, various game produced using these game engines, and the methods and the outstanding representative are Unreal, Quake, Jupiter engines. while the other games were designed in 8-bit colors in Among the games made with these game engines, FPS those days. The merit of Unreal is that it has the editing brings 3D virtual circumstance in the games and is tool, ‘Unreal ED’ in the game, so the users could carried out through the character’s view. The game change the map or circumstances of games in person. engine technology has been developing continuously ‘Unreal 3 Engine’ was demonstrated now and ‘Unreal and the most important part of FPS because whether Tournament 2007’ is expected to come out. ‘Jupiter the more realistic virtual circumstances are provided of Engine’ is developed through modifying LithTech the players or not is crucial in this genre. Therefore, I’ll Engine by Monolith which is known as the company of analyze the properties and functions of the real time 3D engineers of Direct 3D. It is the most suitable for game engine and then produce the image base Direct 3D 8.0 and supports Vertex and Pixel entertainment contents using this and also present the Shader and includes Bump Mapping, Alpha Blending way of the real time 3D game engine. and Environment Mapping. All the rendering codes of Jupiter Engine are fully made based on Direct 3D, so the most suitable for Direct 3D and easier to use than 2. The origin background the kinds of the other engines. real time game engine.

Game is ‘Tennis for Two’ developed by Dr. Willy Higginbotham in 1958. The first computer game is ‘Spacewar!’ made by MIT students, which is the base of all the games we enjoy today. The first commercial game is ‘Computer Space’ which is the Fortune, No One Lives Medal of Forever 2, Honor Sudden Attack, Tantra-online

3. Technology of game engines and construction of pipelines.

3.1 The real time 3D game engine technology

3D The general definition of 3D game engine is as follow: ① Its outputs are graphic, music and effect sounds and its input is the input device. ② It provides the algorithm to make the character move. ③ It controls the various topography and play the role of artificial intelligence ④ It supports the network and monitors a lot of things in the network. If an engine Figure 1. Quake Engine Toolⓐ, Quake Imageⓑ, completes these roles, it can be called 3D game engine. Toolⓒ, Unreal Imageⓓ, Jupiter Engine

Toolⓔ, Jupiter Imageⓕ 3.1.1. The organization of the real time 3D game

engine. 3D game engine is made up of Rendering Table 1. Comparison of Quake, Unreal, Jupiter game Engine, Engine, Physics Engine, Artificial engines. Intelligence Engine, Network Engine, 3D Sound Engine Quake Unreal Jupiter Style Action Action, RPG Action Engine, Map Editor by role. Let’s look at the function of each briefly. Rendering Feature ∙ ∙ ∙ Provides the total Better Engine makes the object out on the screen. Animation Produced development tool, function to based on UnrealED, matching price than Engine plays back and makes in real time and OpenGL. to engine perfectly. other engines. expresses the object’s motion. Physics Engine makes ∙ Can be ∙ Designed in ∙ Most the object’s gravity, weight, collision, parabola and transplant module structure of suitable for centrifugal force natural. Artificial Intelligence Engine ed to which the details can . controls the NPC (Non Player Character) which is not several be transformed and ∙ Weak for controlled by users. Network Engine makes each user platforms improved. MMROPG contact the server sharing one space and interaction like ∙ Supports almost and most based on network. 3D Sound Engine generates the . platforms (PC, PS2, suitable for game sound data to the game progress state. Map ∙ Can X-Box). FPS genre. Editor makes the game environment to make the 3D make the ∙ Excellent virtual environment easily for building, monster, quake extendibility. transform topography and character. ∙ Good lighting ed by the effect is used to limitedly 3.1.2. The real time 3D rendering engine open support the multi color lighting. technology. It plays the main role of 3D game engine. The function is to output of the information made by (). ∙ Supports DirectX 9, DirectX 10, graphic designers to the game state in the real time on OpenGL 2.x, 64 bit. the screen. Normally it utilizes the function of graphic Weak ∙ More ∙ Expensive. ∙ Short of acceleration hardware using 3D Graphic Library like point difficult rendering OpenGL or DirectX. than engine The functions of 3D game rendering engine are : ① the other function. output of 3D object screen ②the control of game engnes. ∙ Not support OpenGL. object for the real time object output ③ the support of Master Quake, Unreal Series, Condemned:C object animation ④ the control and the manage of piece Hexen 2, Lineage 2, Harry riminal game environment ⑤ the control of camera work, Soldier Potter and the Origins, of Sorcerer’s Stone Heatproject, rotation, magnifying and reduction ⑥ the control of output. light and shade ⑦ using the various kinds of shader. Lighting The capacity Rendering There is no of lighting speed increase extra cost

1 TD is by proper for lighting. 3.2 Construction of the omnibus pipeline important. shadow like light map. The Today’s entertainment contents are changed into lighting setup promotion ways of one source multi use 2 . For is not that animation, the function as the tool for character exact, but has the good industry, game industry and fancy industry is more function to emphasized than animation itself. It’s because it can’t price. make the continuous income. The way to solve this Camera Follows the Also the Easy problem is make the production cost low and the typical camera can be rephotograp production lead time short. The money and time saved camera rules. chosen in real hing. through this can be used for other industries. Also in time. case of construction simulation, the navigation with VR is widely used. For this, the expensive VR engine 4. Contents production using game engine or the 3D software of incomplete rendering quality is technology. normally used. For One Source Multi Use, the flexible production 4.1. The real time animation changes based on customers are needed, but they are limited because of shortage of money and personnel. The game like ‘Final Fantasy’ is produced into an As a counterproposal, the real time game engine can animation and the or animation like ‘Harry Potter’ make the production environment of the good function or ‘Shrek’ are produced into games. As you can see to cost which can create the best effect in the shortest above, games and and are in the close time. If the rendering engine is used for post relationship. Recently a new genre appeared, where production system, the production lead time of films and animations are made using games, called animation and construction simulation will be reduced ‘Machinma’. Machinma is a compound word of extremely. Also, it can make the production Machine, Animation and Cinema, which means a kind environment of the good function to cost for the most of film made using public game engine. In other suitable production schedule. words, Machinma is to make the scenes of film or animation using game engine technology and then take Table 2. Comparison of The existing pipeline and The the pictures in real time for one product. real time pipeline in animation. ‘www.machinma.com’ site was made in April, 2004 to The existing The real time Comparison help the thing related to Machinma. This site has the pipeline pipeline Modeling Needs the Most suitable The articles covered by special journalist, the news written high for low production by members, the technical information and and long polygon, LOD lead time is tutorial…etc. Those who are related to Machinma production and texture. reduced. communicate actively through this site and download lead time various kinds of information from this site and also Animation The use of Animation data The upload the Machinma they made for themselves so as skeleton base focused production to communicate with each other. setup, key on reuse. lead time is animation reduced, the and reuse of real time motion are interaction not possible. function. Layout Progress by The The real animation. independent time test of layout and data various base layouts. The construction. real time

1 The concept of production process, organization chart, production stage. Usually it’s called the production system. 2 One Source Multi Use : One basic contents is used for Figure 2. MAC 2004 display “Crash and Flow”, game, comics, film, character, novel, and music, etc. Seodaemun Prison History Hall, “My Won Prison”, 2004/06 – Jin Wan Park (left), the real time rendering movie for the the actual model, the cost is not a big deal, but the singer Narah Jang’s opening concert, 2003/12, actual models make the better effect than VR so far. NaraZZang.com Co. Ltd – Jin Wan Park (right) The last one is that the commercial virtual environment producing tool makes production easy by using The merit of Machinma is that it can reduce the cost existing data since it has its own clipart and library, but and time to produce images surprisingly. The normal it can’t be exchanged with the other producing tool like films and animation need the many staff, actors and the MAYA and MAX, so the creative work gets difficult. expensive equipments, but Machinma needs only some In the other side, the game engine editors has the software, a computer and sound recording equipment. interface similar to other 3D producing tool and check It reduces the rendering time of the normal animation their own virtual environment in real time when due to real time producing. Also editing by it is much produce. This would be the merit since the lead time of easier. The images made by game engine has the rendering and producing can be reduced. motion per object as well as the simple scene information, so the various scenes can be made by changing the position of camera and lighting freely. The weak point of Machinma is that it needs 3D tools like 3D MAX or MAYA and the image editing tool like Adobe Premiere as well as the game engine because there is no standard game engine and each character’s motion and effect has the specified game engine, so it’s difficult to make delicate expression at Figure 3. My Own Special Gallery – Seung Seok Noh user’s intent. 4.3. Media Art Table 3. production process and Machinma production process Media Art means that the mass communication is Computer animation Machinma invited to art, which is called “Media Art”. Mass ①plans and scenario → ② ①choose a scenario and game communication includes television, newspaper and character modeling, → ②making character and mass media. In other words, it is the art made using a production of human background → ③producing kind of communication like books, magazines, newspaper, comics, posters, disks, photos, films, radio, skeletal structure → ③ animation → ④play and store television, video and computer which can affect the animation photographing → the game → ⑤ editing the ④lighting, editing the effect moving image, the effect public to a great extent. The technical advance created sound → ⑤rendering → ⑥ sound → ⑥finish the art work the audience themselves make and the finish various kinds of art by mixing art and technology not only the art enjoyed with eyes. This art has been 4.2. Construction simulation studied by ZKM of Germany, MIT Media Lab of U.S.A and NTT ICC Center of Japan. Fine art, image The purpose of construction VR is to make the user art and sounds are mixed through computer and get a feel like being in the real place not the virtual world. form of the interactive 3D virtual environment in these The important thing for completeness of construction days. The representative work is “The legible VR is to increase the immersion of the user. Most of all, City(1988-1991) of Jeffrey Shaw. This shows the the user should be able to move freely in the virtual exploration of the imaginary society composed of 3D space as if he is in the real space. The more letters using bicycles. autonomous the user is in handling VR, the more he feels actuality though he is in the virtual space. However, construction VR still has some problems. The first one is that is takes long time for modeling. For almost actual modeling, a number of polygon and texture are needed, which means the long lead time for modeling. The second one is that the cost of equipments for virtual actuality and the hardware is Figure 4. The Legible City – Jeffrey Shaw(1989-1991) very high. To operate VR, a workstation is needed and to operate several SGI Onyx (VR system based on To make the media art work, the user should know hardware), hundreds million won is needed. If VR the programming language to manage computer made using such a high cost has the better effect than graphic. To make 3D space, the user should make the virtual space based on C, C++ and basic language [1] Rusel DeMaria & Johnny L. Wilson : “The Illustrated using graphic library like OpenGL or DirectX. Few History of Electronic Games”.(2002) media artists have programming technology. So they produce using the existing 3D producing program and [2] Kyong Pil Min, Tae Hwa Han, Jun Chul Chun : “EQEM also the image managing program and the real time method applicable to simplify the object for 3D game engine.”, Korea Multimedia Society, Vol. 9. No. 2.(2005) 29- sound like MAX/MSP/Jitter. As shown above, to make 31 media art works, lots of effort and time in order to manage 3D graphic freely. If the game engine is used [3] Han Sung Kim : “The Custom made house, VR process for 3D virtual environment, the user can make 3D using apt simulation data -base on VR Process in the off-line- virtual environment intuitively even though he doesn’t ”, Dept. of Industrial Design Graduate School of Industry, know the difficult computer programming technology. Chosun University.(2002) 27-28 Since this solves the difficulty of programming and reduces the rendering time, the total production lead [4] Seong Hwan Kim, Tae Joon Park : “Planning game time is reduced. contents and Thechnology of game engine”, Korea Multimedia Society, Vol. 8. No. 1.(2004)

5. Conclusion [5] Hyeon Bin Kim, etc. : “Development of an On-line 3D Game Engine”, Electronics and Telecommunications The real time 3D game engine has been developing Research Institute.(2003) rapidly with computer technology developing and the range where we can express with game engine would [6] Su Ran Park : “A Study on 3D Artworks of New Media be not limited. Through the real time 3D game engine, Using Game Engine Techniques”, Graduate School of Advanced Imaging Science Multimedia and Film Chung-Ang 3D graphic can be made intuitively and rapidly and can University.(2005) be used for production of animation and film. If the various interaction technology and network used in [7] Jin Wan Park : “Real-time 3D Rendering Game Engine game, the real time 3D game engine will be the without Game”, GRAPHITE 2004 Tutorial, producing tool for new contents and artworks as well Singapore.(2004) as the 3D virtual environment, the real time interactive image making and game production. [8] Tim Zapart, Raymond Koon-Ying Li, Kathy Blashki : If this real time 3D game engine is used for the “Make it ! Incorporating gaming technologies entertainment content environment, it will be a useful into e-training application creation”, Information Technology: Research and Education, 2004. ITRE 2004. 2nd tool of post production system which can make the International Conference. future digital content like One Source Multi Use game, films and education. To make it possible, most of all, [9] The Legible City – Jeffrey Shaw(1989-1991), URL at the existing game production should get out of the http://www.jeffrey-shaw.net/ game engine of major companies and develop their own game engine and seek the selling rout and [10] 2006 ZKM | Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie technology. In addition, the real time 3D game engine Karlsruhe, URL at http://www.zkm.de/ has the low quality of its output so far, but it’s been [11] MIT Media Lab | International media fusion technology developing with the continuous technology center in MIT, U.S.A., URL at http://www.media.mit.edu/ development. Unreal 3 and Engine show the very actual graphic quality. To take pictures of image [12] NTT ICC Center | As a P.R man of NTT, Japanese and edit in real time, the image editing tool in the telephone and company, URL at market should be used. This can’t be solved for itself. http://www.ntticc.or.jp/index_e.html If these defects are solved, the real time 3D game engine will be a new great future content producing [13] MAX/MSP/Jitter, URL at http://www.cycling74.com tool. [14] 2006 Epic Games Inc., URL at

http://www.epicgames.com Acknowledgment: This research was supported by Seoul Future Contents Convergence (SFCC) Cluster [15] 2006 Epic Games Inc. Unreal Technology URL at established by Seoul Industry-Academy-Research http://www.unrealtechnology.com Cooperation Project. [16] Unreal Universe Portal, URL at http://www.unreal.com 6. References

[17] 2006 Touchdown Entertainment, Inc. LithTech and the http://www.machinima.com LithTech logo is a trademark of Touchdown Entertainment, Inc., URL at http://www.touchdownentertainment.com [19] 2002-2003 Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences, Inc., URL at http://www.machinima.org [18] 2004 - 2006 Machinima, Inc., URL at