DOCSLIB.ORG

The Lion That Didn't Roar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Lion That Didn't Roar The Lion that DIDN’T ROAR CAN THE KIMBERLEY PROCESS STOP THE BLOOD DIAMONDS TRADE? The Lion that DIDN’T ROAR CAN THE KIMBERLEY PROCESS STOP THE BLOOD DIAMONDS TRADE? NIGEL DAVIDSON Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Davidson, Nigel, author. Title: The lion that didn’t roar : can the Kimberley Process stop the blood diamonds trade? / Nigel Davidson. ISBN: 9781760460259 (paperback) 9781760460266 (ebook) Subjects: Conflict diamonds--Africa. Diamond mines and mining--Africa. Diamond industry and trade--Africa. Human rights--Africa. Dewey Number: 338.88722382 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: ‘Child in a rebel camp in the north-eastern Central African Republic’, photographer Pierre Holtz (by hdptcar www.flickr.com/photos/hdptcar/949798984/). This edition © 2016 ANU Press Contents Preface . vii Acknowledgements . xi Acronyms . xiii Glossary: Diamond Industry Terms . xvii 1 . Introduction: Showdown at Kinshasa . 1 2 . Are Conflict Diamonds Forever?: Background to the Problem . 21 3 . The Kimberley Process: Did the Lion Roar? . 73 4 . Kimberley at the National Level: Fancy Footwork? . 127 5 . Growing Teeth: The UN Security Council and International Tribunals . 147 6 . Raging Bulls and Flyswatters: The Networked Pyramid Model . 173 7 . The Dual Networked Pyramid Model: The Pyramid Inside the Pyramid . 213 8 . Applying the Dual Networked Pyramid Model: Naming, Shaming, and Faming . 225 9 . Did You Hear Something?: Concluding Remarks . 255 Appendix: The Kimberley Process Core Document . 265 Bibliography . 283 Preface The year 2017 will be the one that Australia assumes the duty of being Chair of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KP). The KP is an international organisation that regulates the world’s diamond trade. Diamonds are a symbol of love, purchased to celebrate marriage in many parts of the world, but this trade has been linked with warfare and human rights violations committed in African producer countries such as Sierra Leone, Côte d’Ivoire and Angola. Graphic accounts of murder and mayhem, fuelled by the diamond black market, continue to emerge from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe, and the Central African Republic, posing an existential threat to the multibillion dollar industry. These human rights violations fall under the legal categories of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, the most serious crimes under international law. In response to the grim reality of the blood diamonds trade, De Beers and other major corporate players joined with non- governmental organisations and national governments to create the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme in 2002. The objective of the Kimberley Process is to distinguish the legitimate rough diamond trade from the trade in diamonds linked to serious human rights abuses, known as conflict diamonds or blood diamonds. The Kimberley Process involves a system of export and import certificates attesting to the clean character of rough diamonds, and is backed up by a peer review system to monitor compliance. The Kimberley Process has been supported through the regulatory action of national governments at the domestic level, as well as the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) internationally. The first research question considered by this book is: to what extent has the conflict diamonds governance system achieved its objectives? In response, it can be said that the conflict diamonds governance system has made significant progress in its core mandate. The quantity and vii THe LIoN that DIDN'T RoAR value of the international legitimate diamond industry, once the very paradigm of secrecy, has become more transparent through publicly available Kimberley Process statistics. Based on these statistics, the Kimberley Process estimates that the blood diamond trade now constitutes less than 1 per cent of the world’s rough diamond trade. However, it has not always been smooth sailing for the Kimberley Process, which has recently arrived in particularly stormy waters. The integrity of the system has been endangered by the seeming inability of the Kimberley Process to take appropriate action in the face of serious non-compliance by three important national government stakeholders: Venezuela, Zimbabwe, and Angola. Commentators are asking whether the Kimberley Process lion has forgotten how to roar. The second research question is: does an application of the networked pyramid regulatory model to the system provide descriptive or normative insights into its effectiveness? In considering the relative success, and the current challenges facing the conflict diamonds governance system, important insights may be gained by looking at the system with reference to the networked pyramid regulatory model. Before applying the model, the book suggests a modification, dubbed the dual networked pyramid model (DNPM), whereby the micro-regulatory system at the national level is seen as a networked pyramid within the greater networked pyramid of the international system. The relative success of the Kimberley Process to date, when analysed against this theoretical hybrid of network and pyramid models, is largely linked to its self-conscious incorporation of insights from networks theory. At the international level, the Kimberley Process can be seen as the central node, or command centre, in which information is gathered, and regulatory action coordinated, from networks of corporations, national governments, and non- governmental organisations. Its relative success to date can largely be attributed to a process of socialisation whereby big business and most national governments have become key supporters. It is, however, in the theoretical domain of the regulatory pyramid that the Kimberley Process might find a way out of its current deadlock. Pyramid theory recognises the primacy of soft power, such as dialogue and socialisation, but demands escalation to more coercive measures where regulated parties are unresponsive or recalcitrant. It is suggested that improved procedures for managing serious non-compliance, combined with an agreed pathway to expulsion from the Kimberley viii PReface Process in such cases, would bring the Kimberley Process into better alignment with the pyramid model and help it to move out of the log jam in which it currently finds itself. A more defined pathway of escalation to the UNSC and the ICC would bolster the ongoing efficacy of the conflict diamonds governance system. A recommended mechanism for doing this would be to amend the Statute of the ICC to include a crime of trafficking in conflict diamonds, to be defined in terms of contravening a UNSC diamond embargo. Beyond breaking the current deadlock, the Kimberley Process has an opportunity to reinvent itself by embracing the concept of development diamonds. First suggested by non-governmental organisations, this label might be applied to diamonds from the informal sector that are not merely free from the taint of international crime, but also comply with other human rights standards, most notably freedom from child labour. A further modification to the DNPM, assisted by insights from the pyramid of rewards theoretical model, reveals that the Kimberley Process has the chance to systematically ratchet up human rights, and health, safety and environmental standards in the artisanal sector, thereby buttressing the industry against the return of blood diamonds. This book is a revised version of a thesis submitted towards the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science at The Australian National University. I was awarded the degree in July 2012, but the material in the manuscript has been updated to reflect developments as at the end of December 2015. ix THe LIoN that DIDN'T RoAR Figure 1: The Dual Networked Pyramid Model as Applied to the Conflict Diamonds Governance System Source: Author’s research . x Acknowledgements Many thanks to my father, Dr John Davidson, and my sister, Rosalind Ta’eed, for their support in this endeavour. This work was initially prepared as a doctoral thesis with The Australian National University. I would like to acknowledge the significant contributions of my supervisors, Professor Andrew Byrnes and Professor Peta Spender, as well as those of Dr Gregor Urbas and Professor John Braithwaite. It is my hope that this book will contribute to the global debate about the blood diamonds problem, and help to stimulate renewed interest in safeguarding and improving the lives of the many people affected. To do so, I believe we must look beyond economic value to the intrinsic value of human life and dignity, which is synonymous with a spiritual perspective: It is said that in South Africa, a diamond mine is discovered. Although this mine is most valuable, yet after all it is stone. Perchance, God willing, the mine of humanity may be discovered and the brilliant pearls of the Kingdom be found. Abdu’l-Baha (1844–1921) xi Acronyms ADFL Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (militia that became the Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo) AFRC Armed Forces Revolutionary Council
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Lion That Didn't Roar: Can the Kimberley Process
    The Lion that DIDN’T ROAR CAN THE KIMBERLEY PROCESS STOP THE BLOOD DIAMONDS TRADE? The Lion that DIDN’T ROAR CAN THE KIMBERLEY PROCESS STOP THE BLOOD DIAMONDS TRADE? NIGEL DAVIDSON Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Davidson, Nigel, author. Title: The lion that didn’t roar : can the Kimberley Process stop the blood diamonds trade? / Nigel Davidson. ISBN: 9781760460259 (paperback) 9781760460266 (ebook) Subjects: Conflict diamonds--Africa. Diamond mines and mining--Africa. Diamond industry and trade--Africa. Human rights--Africa. Dewey Number: 338.88722382 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: ‘Child in a rebel camp in the north-eastern Central African Republic’, photographer Pierre Holtz (by hdptcar www.flickr.com/photos/hdptcar/949798984/). This edition © 2016 ANU Press Contents Preface . vii Acknowledgements . xi Acronyms . xiii Glossary: Diamond Industry Terms . xvii 1 . Introduction: Showdown at Kinshasa . 1 2 . Are Conflict Diamonds Forever?: Background to the Problem . 21 3 . The Kimberley Process: Did the Lion Roar? . 73 4 . Kimberley at the National Level: Fancy Footwork? . 127 5 . Growing Teeth: The UN Security Council and International Tribunals . 147 6 . Raging Bulls and Flyswatters: The Networked Pyramid Model . 173 7 . The Dual Networked Pyramid Model: The Pyramid Inside the Pyramid .
    [Show full text]
  • Diamonds and Clubs A.Indd
    ZIMBABWE DIAMONDS AND CLUBS The Militarized Control of Diamonds and Power in Zimbabwe PartnershiP africa canada June 2010 Cahora Bassa 27 28 Lusaka 29 30 31 32 33 34 ° ° ° Luangw° a Zumbo ° ° Dam ° ° Kafue bezi Z Kafue am Kanyemba Cahora am ZIMBABWE Z b Mazabuka Albufeira de Bassa è Namwala z Cahora Bassa e 16° Chirundu 16° Monze Makuti i Tete n MOZAMBIQUE a Kariba y Muzarabani ZAMBIA n Kariba Dam u H MASHONALAND LakeKariba Centenary Mount Darwin Mulobezi Choma Karoi Mhangura Changara S e a o n CENTRAL z Z Siyakobvu y a 17 a a MASHONALAND 17 ° M ° m Kalomo ti Zave Bindura b WEST Kildonan Shamva e Masuku z Siabuwa Mutoko i Sesheke Maamba Glendale Chinhoyi ST A Kazungula Binga E Lake Harare D NAMIBIA Livingstone Manyame N be Kasane ro A ho Victoria ve L 18 i C M L. Chi 18 °nt Falls Victoria Falls Gokwe u Chitungwiza A Marondera Catandica ° ya ny N Nyanga in Matetsi a Chegutu L Kachikau ti O G Kamativi w Sengwa H a Kadoma S Hwange yi Dahlia Rusape Pandamatenga (Gwayi River) A Hwedza Dete M Nyazura i Sh z anga d ni S O a Lupane Kwekwe v Manica Redcliff Chivhu e 19° MIDLANDS Mutare 19° MATABELELAND Mvuma Chimoio MANICALAND Lago R Eastnor Gweru Chicamba io NORTH R Hot Springs evu G Inyati Shurugwi M è BO TSWAN A w u Gutu a t i y R r i i Chimanimani u k Nata n w Glenclova d i Dombé Bulawayo e 20 Birchenough i 20 ° Masvingo Chipinge z ° Esigodini Lake Bridge u Nata Zvishavane B Mutirikwi Rio e Plumtree v a Espungabera S National capital Mosetse MASVINGO Provincial capital Makgadikgadi Pan Antelope Gwanda Town, village Mine Nandi Mill 21° Triangle Major airport S h West Nicholson Chiredzi Francistown a International boundary s R h Rutenga u e MATABELELAND Mbizi n Provincial boundary U d m e E z Makado U ZIMBABWE Main road SOUTH in Q g I w M B a a Secondary road n n M i Thuli i s A Railroad i Z 22 O ° Selebi-Pikwe Beitbridge M 22° 0 50 100 150 km mpopo Malvernia Messina Li o The boundaries and names shown and the designations op 0 50 100 mi Limp used on this map do not imply official endorsement or S O U T H AFRICA acceptance by the United Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • 648 in 2003, the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (“KPCS”)
    NICHOLS MACRO (DO NOT DELETE) 8/25/2012 8:55 PM A CONFLICT OF DIAMONDS: THE KIMBERLEY PROCESS AND ZIMBABWE’S MARANGE DIAMOND FIELDS Julie Elizabeth Nichols* ABSTRACT In 2003, the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (“KPCS”) entered into force as a novel approach to regulate the diamond industry and combat associated atrocities regarding “conflict diamonds.” Fueled by the recent history of bloody civil wars, and graphically publicized slaughters and amputations by rebel groups funded by African diamonds, diamond-producing nations, the diamond industry’s leaders and human rights groups created a process whereby “conflict diamonds” are identified and systematically excluded from the legitimate trade. However, the KPCS definition of “conflict diamond” has proved unacceptably restrictive. Diamonds from Zimbabwe’s Marange fields are mined using systematic relocation, mass murdering campaigns and, recently discovered, torture camps. Yet, because Zimbabwe’s “legitimate” government, not a rebel group, controls the Marange mines, the KPCS has certified these diamonds as conflict-free, fit for international trade. To stop this unacceptable situation, in which perpetrators of systematic and violent human rights abuses benefit from their crimes, the KPCS’s definition of “conflict diamonds” must change. The diamond industry must support such a change by refusing to allow trade of any diamond mined through such systematic abuse. If these changes are not adopted, the United States must use all additional means, including legislative boycotts and civil suits, to stop the atrocities occurring today in Zimbabwe’s Marange diamond fields. Over the past few years, the world became quite familiar with the term “blood diamonds.” Recent commercials proclaim diamond retailers who exclude the middleman offer better quality, less expensive stones that come with guarantees about 648 NICHOLS MACRO (DO NOT DELETE) 8/25/2012 8:55 PM 2012 A CONFLICT OF DIAMONDS 649 their safe, blood-free origin.
    [Show full text]
  • Diamonds, Oil, and the American Mediafiltering out the Logic Of
    ASPJ Africa & Francophonie - 3rd Quarter 2014 Diamonds, Oil, and the American Media Filtering Out the Logic of Plunder in the Angolan Civil War CHRISTOPHER R. COOK, PHD* he Angolan Civil War lasted from 1975, the year of Angola’s indepen- dence, to 2002 with some brief intermissions. The war, which destroyed the country’s economy and infrastructure, killed up to half a million civilians. The Soviet- and Cuban-backed Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the official Angolan government, opposed the TAmerican- and South African–backed Jonas Savimbi and his National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). At any given time, the conflict brought in troops and mercenaries from Zaire, Cuba, and South Africa as well as billions of dollars’ worth of aid and materiel from the United States and Soviet Union. When the Cold War and foreign aid ended, the war dragged on in slow motion as it morphed into a “resource war” funded through the sale of oil and il- licit diamonds until Savimbi was killed in 2002 and UNITA unraveled. From a twenty-first-century perspective, it would be easy to say that Angola was the Cold War stereotype of a third world conflict. However, this dichotomy of good and evil would be an oversimplification. Both the MPLA and UNITA became what the Cold War demanded of them. For one, members of the MPLA were not good communists since they searched for international capital to loot. They even held business junkets in the 1980s during which they reassured West- ern businesses of the importance of private profit.
    [Show full text]
  • Sierra Leone and Fair Trade Diamonds
    4 RAPAPORT® Sierra leone and Fair Trade Diamonds BACKGROUND BRIEFING DOCUMENTS CONTENTS PAGE 2 SPIRITUAL SPARKLE June 1, 2006 I PAGE 8 GUILT TRIP April 7, 2000 PAGE 5 FAIR TRADE JEWELRY June 1, 2006 PAGE 11 BLOOD MONEY November 5, 1999 PAGE 7 U.S. CONGRESIONAL RECORD May 19, 2000 I PAGE 15 RAPAPORT GROUP BACKGROUND l_- -# .. rmtm¥t•TNi Spritual Sparkle •l , .• .•. [ .. ] i' ., "i 13•] "j Originally published June 1, 2006 BY tv\ARTIN RAPAPORT ne of the most important and challenging aspects of the diamond industry is how we deal with ethical 0 issues. The secret of the diamond lies in its value as a symbol, not its physical utility. Ifyou were to get a pair ofsneak­ ers made with child labor, you could still play a pretty good game of basketball with them- they have complete func­ tional utility. However, ifyou are wearing a diamond and when you flash the diamond at your girlfriend, she says, "Ah, blood diamond!" that immediately destroys the entire purpose of the diamond, which is to make you feel good. Jewelry and diamonds are very much "feel-good" products, and therefore highly sensitive to anything that would destroy their value as symbols. Diamonds symbolize love, commit­ ment and all that is good in the world. Humanity needs tokens and symbols that commemorate and signify ideals that are Workers' hut at the digging site. beyond the physical needs of people. That's why a soldier will die for a flag.The flag may be worth nothing in terms ofits fab­ tain level of wealth accumulation, material needs are replaced ric, but the idea behind a flag is something that a person might by emotional needs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Quest for Regulating the Global Diamond Trade
    ICIP WORKING PAPERS: 2009/5 + + The Quest for Regulating the Global Diamond Trade Franziska Bieri www.cla-se.com www.cla-se.com Cubierta working.indd 2 19/01/10 15:49 The Quest for Regulating the Global Diamond Trade Franziska Bieri North Georgia College & State University [email protected] This text is based on the author’s Doctoral dissertation: “From Conflict Diamonds to the Kimberley Process: How NGOs Reshaped a Global Industry”, defended in 2008 at the Sociology Department, Emory University. The book will be published in 2010 From Blood Diamonds to the Kimberley Process: How NGOs Reshaped a Global Industry. Ashgate Publishers: Farnham Surrey, UK. Institut Català Internacional per la Pau Barcelona, desembre 2009 © 2009 Institut Català Internacional per la Pau Gran Via, 658, baix. 08010 Barcelona (Spain) T. +34 93 554 42 70 | F. +34 93 554 42 80 [email protected] | www.icip.cat Editors Javier Alcalde and Rafael Grasa Editorial Board Pablo Aguiar, Alfons Barceló, Catherine Charrett, Gema Collantes, Caterina Garcia, Abel Escribà, Vicenç Fisas, Tica Font, Antoni Pigrau, Xavier Pons, Alejandro Pozo, Mònica Sabata, Jaume Saura, Antoni Segura and Josep Maria Terricabras Typesetting and printing Ātona, S. L. / Gama, S. L. Graphic Designer Cla-se ISSN 2013.5793 (on line edition) 2013.5785 (paper edition) DL B-4.336-2010 All rights reserved ABSTRACT (ENG) Campaign efforts by NGOs initially put conflict diamonds on the global radar screen in the late 1990s. In response, the Kimberley Process (KP), a negotiation forum between states, NGOs, and industry, was formed to discuss possible solutions to curb the trade in conflict diamonds.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 34 / No. 4 / 2014
    GemmologyThe Journal of 2014 / Volume 34 / No. 4 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Polish your knowledge A good understanding of diamond grading is essential for the buying, selling and trading of diamond. Our Diamond Diploma is recognized as one of the most comprehensive and valuable diamond qualifications worldwide — the ultimate education in diamonds. Graduates of our Diamond Diploma can apply for Diamond Membership, allowing you to use the letters ‘DGA’ after your name — a mark of excellence in the trade. Sign up now and receive our NEW fully illustrated Diamond Diploma course notes — updated to include the most current information and research on diamonds, as well as everything you need to get you started. For more information or to book contact [email protected]. Join us. The Gemmological Association of Great Britain, 21 Ely Place, London, EC1N 6TD, UK. T: +44 (0) 20 7404 3334 F: +44 (0) 20 7404 8843. Registered charity no. 1109555. A company limited by guarantee and registered in England No. 1945780. Registered Office: 3rd Floor, 1-4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD. GemmologyThe Journal of 2014 / Volume 34 / No. 4 COLUMNS p. 354 279 What’s New GemmoFtir|GSJ abstracts| Historical facet designs|ICGL p. 295 and Margaritologia news- letters|Pearl presentations| Santa Fe Symposium pro- ceedings|Silver jewellery buying trends|Pueblo Gem & Mineral Show lectures 281 Practical Gemmology Visual Optics and the birefringence/dispersion ratio of gemstones 286 Gem Notes Almandine from Erving, ARTICLES Massachusetts|Amethyst from São Paulo State, Brazil|Apatite Feature Articles from Kenya|Colourless to 306 The Rhodesian Star: An Exceptional Asteriated near-colourless diopside from Diamond Canada and Kenya|Hessonite By Thomas Hainschwang, Franck Notari and Erik Vadaszi from Somalia|Polycrystalline kyanite from Tanzania|Green 316 Objective Diamond Clarity Grading daylight-fluorescent opal By Michael D.
    [Show full text]
  • Blood Diamonds: the Successes and Failures of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme in Angola, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe
    Washington University Global Studies Law Review Volume 15 Issue 1 2015 Blood Diamonds: The Successes and Failures of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme in Angola, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe Audrie Howard Washington University in St. Louis, School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_globalstudies Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, International Law Commons, and the International Trade Law Commons Recommended Citation Audrie Howard, Blood Diamonds: The Successes and Failures of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme in Angola, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe, 15 WASH. U. GLOBAL STUD. L. REV. 137 (2016), https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_globalstudies/vol15/iss1/8 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Global Studies Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BLOOD DIAMONDS: THE SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF THE KIMBERLEY PROCESS CERTIFICATION SCHEME IN ANGOLA, SIERRA LEONE AND ZIMBABWE INTRODUCTION The 2006 Leonardo DiCaprio thriller Blood Diamond1 brought the issue of conflict diamonds2 to the awareness of the general public. However, conflict diamonds began wreaking their havoc on parts of the developing world long before appearing in theatres. Over the past several decades, diamond trade has fueled conflicts in many countries across the world.3 The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, implemented in 2003,4 sought to “eliminate the presence of conflict diamonds in the chain of producing, exporting and importing rough diamonds” within participating countries.5 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Fair Trade Jewelry
    1/19/2015 Diamonds.net - Fair Trade Jewelry Diamonds.Net RapNet.com Rapaport Auctions FairTrade More Mobile Jan 19, 2015 09:17 NY בס"ד Diamond Prices News Reports Magazine Store Trading About Us Contact Us My Account Logout Press Release: Kiran Gems Participates in Mumbai MarSaethaornch --- Luk Fook 3Q Same-Store Sales -7% News Fair Trade Jewelry Jun 1, 2006 12:00 AM By Martin Rapaport Latest News Videos RAPAPORT... The combination of jewelry and social responsibility in one product is a Martin Rapaport luxury market category killer. Trade Calendar Weekly Report Business is about making money. Buy low, sell high. Squeeze your supplier as hard as you TradeWire Email can; charge your customer as much as you can. Trading is a zero sum game. The money NewsBrief Email ends up in your pocket or the other guy’s. As long as you don’t lie, cheat or steal, the law of News Feed the jungle applies. Competition is economic warfare. Might makes right. Business does not reward the weak. Business is about survival of the fittest. Subscribe The concept of fair trade appears incompatible with the brutal competitive reality of free News Search markets. How can we give someone a good deal yet remain competitive? How can fair trade products realistically compete in the marketplace if they cost so much more than regular Advanced Search products? Features While there are many excellent emotional reasons to support fair trade jewelry, we must Analysis recognize that fair trade’s success is entirely dependent on its ability to compete in the marketplace.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture on Synthetic Diamonds Martin Rapaport
    Lecture on Synthetic Diamonds By Martin Rapaport November 03, 2013 Mr. Martin Rapaport: Thank you very much. Hello everybody. It's sort of a challenge speaking after lunch to make sure everybody's with me. I'm from New York, sometimes I talk too fast and I have an American accent. Feel free to wave at me if I move too fast. So first of all, thank you to the Gem‐A, which is the Gemological Association of Great Britain, as I still remember them and Uncle Harry. James has come in here and Amandine Rongy, who has been unbelievably helpful and she's this young woman who does everything. Now where's Jack? My buddy, Jack, who got me into this all. Jack's here somewhere. Thank you, Jack. Jack, you've been a great friend all those years. And to the sponsors and the organizers. And really, congratulations on the 100th anniversary of this first gemological diploma. I'm like, wow, 100 years. Does anybody really understand the 100 years? I know there's someone 92 years old who was one of the first people, but what is 100 years like? Go back, there's no one alive who got that first gemological thing, right? I guess, if the youngest person is gonna be 20 years old, it will be 120 years from now. So we can't really relate to 100 years as being in our lifetime. We're passing through time, but Gem‐A, it transcends our time. Before us and after us and so the question is why does it survive? Why is it still around? What does Gem‐A have that allows this thing to transcend our own lifespan? It's got to be important if it's able to go beyond our lives.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kimberley Process and Zimbabwe's Marange Diamond Fields
    Denver Journal of International Law & Policy Volume 40 Number 4 Fall 2012 Article 6 April 2020 A Conflict of Diamonds: The Kimberley Process and Zimbabwe's Marange Diamond Fields Julie Elizabeth Nichols Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp Recommended Citation Julie Elizabeth Nichols, A Conflict of Diamonds: The Kimberley Process and Zimbabwe's Marange Diamond Fields, 40 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 648 (2012). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Journal of International Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. A CONFLICT OF DIAMONDS: THE KIMBERLEY PROCESS AND ZIMBABWE'S MARANGE DIAMOND FIELDS Julie Elizabeth Nichols* ABSTRACT In 2003, the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme ("KPCS") entered into force as a novel approach to regulate the diamond industry and combat associated atrocities regarding "conflict diamonds." Fueled by the recent history of bloody civil wars, and graphically publicized slaughters and amputations by rebel groups funded by African diamonds, diamond-producing nations, the diamond industry's leaders and human rights groups created a process whereby "conflict diamonds" are identified and systematically excluded from the legitimate trade. However, the KPCS definition of "conflict diamond" has proved unacceptably restrictive. Diamonds from Zimbabwe's Marange fields are mined using systematic relocation, mass murdering campaigns and, recently discovered, torture camps. Yet, because Zimbabwe's "legitimate" government, not a rebel group, controls the Marange mines, the KPCS has certified these diamonds as conflict-free, fit for international trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapaport Global Compact COP 2014
    UN Global Compact Communication on Progress 5th COP Rapaport Group June 2014 In this document the Rapaport Group describes how it upholds and supports the ten principles of the United Nations Global Compact Initiative. The Ten Principles of the United Nations Global Compact Human Rights ..................................................................... Pages 1-3 Principle 1: Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights Principle 2: Businesses should make sure they are not complicit in human rights abuses. Labor ....................................................................................... Page 4 Principle 3: Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining. Principle 4: Businesses should uphold the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor. Principle 5: Businesses should uphold the effective abolition of child labor. Principle 6: Businesses should uphold the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Environment ...................................................................... Pages 5-6 Principle 7: Businesses are asked to support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges. Principle 8: Businesses are asked to undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility. Principle 9: Businesses are asked to encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies. Anti-Corruption ...............................................................
    [Show full text]