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Immature Stages of Scrobipalpula Patagonica Povolný, 1977 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae: Gnorimoschemini), a Gall Inquiline of Suaeda Divaricata MOQ

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Immature Stages of Scrobipalpula Patagonica Povolný, 1977 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae: Gnorimoschemini), a Gall Inquiline of Suaeda Divaricata MOQ Immature Stages of Scrobipalpula patagonica Povolný, 1977 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae: Gnorimoschemini), a Gall Inquiline of Suaeda divaricata MOQ. (Amaranthaceae) in Argentinawith a Summary of Its Parasitoids Authors: Adamski, D., Kula, R. R., Gates, M. W., Torréns, J., Fidalgo, P., et al. Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 120(4) : 659-669 Published By: Entomological Society of Washington URL: https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.120.4.659 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 05 Sep 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 120(4), 2018, pp. 659–669 IMMATURE STAGES OF SCROBIPALPULA PATAGONICA POVOLNY, 1977 (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE: GNORIMOSCHEMINI), A GALL INQUILINE OF SUAEDA DIVARICATA MOQ. (AMARANTHACEAE) IN ARGENTINA WITH A SUMMARY OF ITS PARASITOIDS D. ADAMSKI,R.R.KULA,M.W.GATES,J.TORRE´ NS,P.FIDALGO, AND M. L. BUFFINGTON (DA) Department of Entomology; National Museum of Natural History; P.O. Box 37012, MRC–168, NHB-E518; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, D.C. 20013–7012, U.S.A. (MWG, RRK, MLB) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A. (JT, PF) Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas y Transferencia Tecnolo´gica de La Rioja (CRILAR), Provincia de La Rioja, UNLAR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Rı´os y Mendoza s/n, (5301) Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina. Abstract.—Maps of the chaetotaxy and scanning electron micrographs supple- ment a text description of the larva and pupa of Scrobipalpula patagonica Povolny (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae: Gnorimoschemini). Scrobipalpula patagonica is a gall inquiline of Suaeda divaricata Moq. (Amaranthaceae) in the “Monte” region of Argentina. The habitus of S. patagonica is provided along with images of the semiarid habitat of its host plant and associated gall. The parasitoids known to attack S. patagonica are summarized. Key Words: chaetotaxy, fine structure, Ichneumonoidea DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.120.4.659 Species of Scrobipalpula are gener- and that this character may be a synapo- ally gray or brown gelechiid moths, morphy of the genus. usually with a wing span less than 12 mm. The Gnorimoschemini presently con- Specimens are difficult to identify tain about 210 species among 20 genera because of the subtle variation in color- worldwide (Huemer and Karsholt 2010). ation of the vestiture. Wing patterns are However, an estimate by Sattler (pers. so similar among species of Scrobi- com.) predicts the tribe may include palpula and related Gnorimoschemini more than 900 species and 40 genera that an accurate identification requires worldwide. Presently, about 25% of the dissection of the genitalia and/or use of species within Gnorimoschemini belong molecular technology. Povolny (1964) to the genus Scrobipalpula of which indicated that many Scrobipalpula differ more than half occur in the New World from other Gnorimoschemini by the (Povolny 1991). Becker (1984) listed spatulate gnathos of the male genitalia 19 species of Scrobipalpula from the Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 05 Sep 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington 660 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Neotropical Region, and Hodges (1983) californica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Greene listed 12 species from the Nearctic Re- (Rosaceae) (Keifer 1936, De Benedictis gion. Several species are known from the et al. 1990). Palearctic Region, and none are known Only five species of Scrobipalpula are from sub-Saharan Africa, the Australian known to feed on host plants other than Region, or the Oriental Region, except Asteraceae: four are found in North from Nepal (Huemer and Karsholt America and one in South America. In 1998). Undoubtedly, more species re- North America, S. lycii Powell and main to be described and studied. Povolny feeds on Lycium californicum Many species of Scrobipalpula are Nutt. ex A Gray (Solanaceae), S. po- associated with Asteraceae. For exam- lemoniella Braun feeds on Polemonium ple, larvae of a widespread species in the reptans L. (Polemonaceae), S. lutescella United States, Scrobipalpula artemi- Clarke feeds on Castilleja lutescens siella (Kearfott), and of a Palearctic (Greenm.) Rydb. (Orobanchaceae), and species, S. psilella (Herrich-Schȁffer), S. potentella (Keifer) feeds on Potentilla are known to tie terminal leaves together californica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Greene on Artemisia spp. Additionally, S. psi- (Rosaceae). Scrobipalpula patagonica, lella feeds on other composites in- the subject of this study, is the only cluding Aster sp., Gnaphalium sp., known gall inquiline thus far reported in Centaurea scabiosa L., Erigeron acris the genus and the only species associated L., and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) with Amaranthaceae. Scrobipalpula pa- Moench. Similarly, in Europe Scrobi- tagonica (Fig. 1) is found in semiarid palpula seniorum Povolny and S. psilella areas in the “Monte” region of Argen- share the host Centaurea,butS. psilella tina (Fig. 2) and has been reared from also feeds on Achillea ageratifolia (Sm.) ovate galls on the terminal branches of Boiss. Scrobipalpula psilella also shares Suaeda divaricata Mequin-Tandon (Amar- a host with another European species, S. anthaceae) (Fig. 3). Gates et al. (2017) re- diffluella. Both feed on Aster spp., but viewed the gall inducers associated with larvae of the latter species also feed on S. divaricata and their parasitoids and in- Erigeron spp. and Homogyne alpina L. quilines in Argentina, including Scrobi- Finally, a European species, S. tussila- palpula patagonica. ginis (Stainton), feeds on Petasites spp. Although the tribe Gnorimoschemini and Tussilargo farfara L. includes economically important pest In western North America four spe- species, the chaetotaxy of their imma- cies of Scrobipalpula appear to be spe- ture stages has received little attention. cialists on their host plants. Of these Setal maps of only a few gnor- species, three feed on Asteraceae and imoschemine larvae have been illus- include: Scrobipalpula antiochia Powell trated in detail. The only reliable and Povolnyon Senecio flaccidus var. chaetotaxal maps of larval Gnor- douglasii (DC) B.L. Turner and T.M. imoschemini are those of Phthor- Barkley; S. gutierreziae Powell and imaea operculella (Zeller), Keiferia Povolnyon Gutierrezia californicum lycopersicella (Stehr 1987), and (DC) Torr. and A. Gray; and S. man- Scrobipalpopsis solanivora Povolny ierreorum Priest, a leaf-mining species, (Povolny 2004). Several detailed il- that is associated with Eurybia macro- lustrations of pupal Gnorimoschemini phylla (L.) Cass. Finally, Scrobipalpula are found in Patocka and M. Turca´ni potentella (Keifer 1936) feeds on Potentilla (2005). Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 05 Sep 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington VOLUME 120, NUMBER 4 661 Figs. 1–3. Adult of Scrobipalpula patagonica and habitat of host plant. 1, Habitus of S. patagonica collected at light from Argentina. 2, Specimen of Suaeda divaricata shown in a semiarid habitat in Argentina. 3, Gall induced by S. patagonica (note arrow) on terminal part of branch of S. divaricata in Argentina. The purpose of this research is to de- samples were taken from 70% EtOH and scribe in detail the larva and pupa of placed in distilled H2Ofor9successive Scrobipalpula patagonica. rinses in a 3 hr period (replacing the previous rinse with fresh distilled H2O MATERIALS AND METHODS every 20 minutes). Samples then were Morphological observations and mea- placed in Formula 409Ò cleaner for 24 surements of larvae and pupae were hrs. After several rinses of distilled H2O, made using a Leitz RS dissecting micro- the samples were placed in increasing scope with a calibrated ocular microme- concentrations of EtOH (20, 40, 60, 80, ter. For scanning electron microscopy, and 100%), twice every 10 minutes, per Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 05 Sep 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington 662 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON each successive change
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