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Module UFC016QM Object-Oriented Design and Programming Unit 1 – What’S OO? Agenda

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Module UFC016QM Object-Oriented Design and Programming Unit 1 – What’S OO? Agenda Module UFC016QM Object-Oriented Design and Programming Unit 1 – What’s OO? Agenda Module overview Fire alarm Teaching approach Contact details Free Software! What is Object-Orientation? The Object-Orientated lifecycle Introduction to use cases Tutorial details 2 Module Goals Gain an understanding of object-oriented concepts, to be able to analyse, design and implement systems in a object-oriented programming language Develop a critical awareness of the possibilities and limitations of the OO paradigm, its methods and tools Develop an understanding of the benefits and problems associated with software reuse 3 Learning Outcomes Fully use a modelling tool to analyse and design an object-oriented system Fully use the facilities of a typical object- oriented programming language (e.g. Java) to implement and test an object- oriented design 4 Module Overview DESIGN PROGRAMMING 1. Use Cases 1. 2. Classes and Objects 2. 3. OO Analysis (!) 3. 4. Message Passing 4. 5. 5. Java Message Passing 6. 6. Inheritance 7. Case Study 7. Case Study 8. 8. Java GUI 9. Activity diagrams (!) 9. 10. 10. Java Exceptions 11. 11. Java Threads 12. Revision 12. Revision 5 Teaching Approach You can’t do object-oriented design without knowledge of the OO programming language, but... You can’t do object-oriented programming without knowledge of OO design, so... must interleave the two! 1 hour lecture, 2 hour practical. http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~jsa/OODP/ 6 Assignment OO analysis, design, implementation, testing… Reflection. Essay based questions. Due date TBC but probably mid December. 7 Contact Details Appointments available on: Monday, Tuesday and Thursday Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] (faster!) Email: [email protected] 8 Free Software! Microsoft Academic Alliance 3P12 with ID card Windows XP, Visual Studio etc. Visio 9 Reading: Books - Java Introduction to Java Programming 5th Edition - Y. Daniel Liang (0131489526) Java Software Solutions: Foundations of Program Design 4th Edition – Lewis and Loftus (0321322037) Or any Java (not JavaScript) book you already have! 10 Reading: Books - UML Oreilly UML 2.0 Nutshell/Full (0596007957) (£20) UML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modeling Language (0321193687) (£20) Unified Modeling Language User Guide (Grady Booch) (0321267974) (£30) Using UML – Pooley (0201648601) (£37) 11 Reading: Links Unified Modeling Language: http://www.uml.org UML tutorial: http://bdn.borland.com/article/0,1410,31863,00.html Java Language Whitepaper: http://sunsite.ee/java/whitepaper/java-whitepaper- 1.html http://java.sun.com/docs/overviews/java/java- overview-1.html (shorter) UML 2.0 Specification: http://www.uml.org/#UML2.0 12 Design is art! (Well in some cases…) Many ways to achieve same result. Opinionated. Subject to fashion! Don’t take everything you read as gospel. 13 A system made up of objects Computer System Object Function Data 14 Objects Collaborate With Other Objects Get Total Price Computer ShoppingShopping System BasketBasket Get Cost Get Cost Get Cost “War“War && “Mission“Mission Peace”Peace” “Best“Best EverEver Impossible”Impossible” BookBook HitsHits 2005”2005” DVDDVD £9.99£9.99 CDCD £6.99£6.99 £10.99£10.99 15 Comparison with “structured” systems function space data / information The space System state space “orthogonal” view (Tom DeMarco, Ed Yourdon) 16 Role of OO models Conceptual Logical, platform (domain) models independent model Business Physical, platform Process Analysis specific model Context models Design models Computer Implementation (Code) System 17 Object Oriented Lifecycle - simplified Use Cases Physical Class Model (static), Interaction Model, State / Activity Java Technical Architecture Model (dynamic) Java Source Code Logical 18 Unified Modelling Language UMLUML SpecificationSpecification ObjectObject ManagementManagement GroupGroup (OMG)(OMG) VersionVersion 2.0,2.0, OctoberOctober 2004,2004, www.omg.org/umlwww.omg.org/uml “The Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of a software- intensive system.” 19 Major Contributors JAMESJAMES “Object-Oriented“Object-Oriented ModellingModelling RUMBAUGHRUMBAUGH andand Design”Design” (1991) (1991) GRADY “Object-Oriented“Object-Oriented DesignDesign withwith BOOCH Applications”Applications” (1993) (1993) IVARIVAR “Object-Oriented“Object-Oriented SoftwareSoftware Engineering:Engineering: JACOBSONJACOBSON AA UseUse CaseCase DrivenDriven Approach”Approach” (1992) (1992) 20 UML: Unified Modeling Language “Modeling is the designing of software applications before coding.” [OMG] Standards for… Model elements Fundamental modelling elements and concepts e.g. use case, class, object, state etc. Notation Visual rendering of model elements into graphical diagrams 21 Diagram Types Structure Diagrams: (static) Class, Object, Component, Composite Structure, Package and Deployment. Behaviour Diagrams: (general) Use case, activity and state machine. Interaction Diagrams: Sequence, communication, timing and interaction overview. 22 “Outside” versus “Inside” view of system Computer System Class Interaction System Model Model Actors State ActivityActivity Model Use Cases 23 UML Graphical Diagrams (1) Use Case Diagram 24 UML Graphical Diagrams (2) ::Stock «business» Catalogue findTitle «business» getPickingList Store storeName 1 1 * * «business» «business» Compact Disk Title artistartist {Abstract} getArtistgetArtist type runningTime name dateAdded priceOverdue Class Diagram loanPricePerDay «business» overduePriceoverduePrice Copy reserveOnDateForgetReservationsgetReservation uniqueReference deleteYourself createLoan addACopy * overduePrice areYouRentable deleteYourselfaddDetails priceOfTheLoan $Create $Create addDetailsaddDetails getTitle deleteYourself getDateAdded getRunningLength «business» whatIsYourClass Video getCopies director delete actors getType certificate copiesAvailable getActor decrementCopies getDirector getCertificategetType 25 UML Graphical Diagrams (3) Behaviour Diagrams * State Diagram * Activity Diagram * Interaction Diagrams - Sequence Diagram - Collaboration Diagram 26 UML Graphical Diagrams (4) Implementation Diagrams * Component Diagram * Deployment Diagram 27 Use Cases: Definition “Use cases are a means for specifying required usages of a system.” [UML spec. v2.0] Collection of related scenarios “Black Box” view of system behaviour Textual narrative Unit of interaction between actor and system what the system does, not how Sequence / Flow yielding result of value to actor Basis of system scope, construction and testing 28 Use Cases: Notation “The cinema manager adds details of a new film. Film details include Title, Age Rating, Duration, and short trailer description.” Add Film 29 Use Cases: Actors “An actor specifies a role played by a user or any other system that interacts with the subject.” [UML spec. v2.0] Initiate use cases. Exist outside of the scope of a use case. Not necessarily human, i.e. external system. <<actor>> Manager 30 Use Cases: Diagram 31 How do Actors interact with system? ACTOR SYSTEM Amend Actor requests Widget Details to search for System displays list of Widget potential Widgets SequenceSequence Actor chooses Widget System provides Widget Details Actor amends “ping-pong”“ping-pong” Widget Details interactioninteraction System updates Widget Details 32 How do I Identify Use Cases? Identify candidate system actors identify candidate use cases Refine and scope units of interaction (use cases) start point (look for actor and initial event) end point (look for beneficial result – the goal - for actor) 33 Use Cases: Generalization General and specific requirements. Shared. Include or Includes? Identify by looking for duplications in the requirements. BTW – Actors can also be generalised. Make Reservation ________________ <<extension points>> AKA – Extend. Add Extra Guest 34 Use Cases: Include Remove duplicate functionality. Shared. Include or Includes? Identify by looking for duplications in the requirements. 35 Use Cases: Include or Extend If on its own a use case does not complete a task then it should be included. Go to lunch rule. Extend complete tasks. 36 Use Cases: Example … A car rental company currently takes bookings for cars over the phone. The sales clerk takes the customer details (dates for reservation, car, contact name and address). The clerk then checks availability and prices the order. The quote is offered to the customer where it is either accepted or rejected. If the quote is accepted the car is marked as booked on the requested days. … 37 Use Cases: Example 38 Use Cases: Example Check Availability <<include>> Sales Clerk Make Reservation 39 Summary Object-Orientation objects are function and data in the same place The Object-Oriented lifecycle use cases, class and object modelling, code Introduction to Use Cases “black-box” interaction between actor and system 40 Tutorial Familiarise yourself with the UweFlix Cinema Booking System case study Using the UweFlix system requirements: Identify possible system actors and use cases Provide an objective for each use case Create a use case diagram in your UML modelling tool 41.
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