DOCSLIB.ORG

The Treatment of Toothless Jaws a Case for CAD/CAM

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Treatment of Toothless Jaws a Case for CAD/CAM I case report _ CAD/CAM The treatment of toothless jaws A case for CAD/CAM Author_Dr Sven Rinke, Germany _Prosthetic devices can be fittedin various ways. _Subjective criteria (patient satisfaction and quality Digital technologies have made their mark in implan- of life); tology for quite a while, and they provide options for _Objective criteria (probability of survival); and quality solutions. Classical indications for implant- _Necessary maintenance effort during the lifetime of prosthetic treatments include dentures for the tooth- the denture. less jaw. For this type of dentures, clinical studies doc- ument a high survival rate of about 85 to 90 % (Attard _Criterions for the selection of the type et al. 2004a, Attard et al. 2004b) with observation of denture periods of up to 20 years. Fixed as well as removable implant-prosthetic According to the number of the inserted implants, dentures in the toothless jaw, as opposed to the con- various prosthetic concepts have established them- ventional full denture, have proven to significantly selves for the fitting of supraconstructions (Zitzmann increase the patients’ satisfaction and to improve the and Marinello 2002). Generally, there is either a fixed ability to chew (Raghoebar et al. 2003, van der Bilt denture mounted on six to eight implants and borne 2006). This means that already the insertion of two to by these only, or a removable denture with a reduced four implants can lead to a clear improvement of the number of implants. quality of life. Therefore, the removable implant-sup- ported and implant-retained coverdenture prosthe- The decision process for the selection of a suitable sis is nowadays considered an effective therapy. How- denture depends, on the one hand, on subjective cri- ever, there was also evidence that, in particular, the teria (patient’s expectations, financial conditions) choice of fitting elements (magnets, ball-heads, and, on the other hand, clinical aspects (anatomic cri- bridges, telescopes) in a removable denture has an in- teria, technical and clinical reliability of implants and fluence on patient satisfaction. A comparative cross- supraconstruction). Accordingly, the success of the over study has shown that, with respect to stability prosthetics depends on these factors (Fig.1): and retention power as well as the achievable patient satisfaction, magnets are inferior to the fitting with ball-heads (Burns et al. 1995a, Burns et al. 1995b). A Fig. 1_Subjective and objective comparison of ball-head elements and over-denture prosthetic success criterions. attachments used for the fitting of an implant-re- tained Coverdenture prosthesis did not show any dif- ferences in terms of patient satisfaction (MacEntee et al. 2005); however, there proved to be a significant difference in the rate of technical complications. Within an observation period of three years, prosthe- sis fitted with ball-heads required 6.7 repairs, whereas the group of bridge-fitted prosthesis re- quired 0.8 repairs per patient only. Hence, overden- Fig. 1 ture attachments as fitting elements for removable implants 16 I 1_2010 case report _ CAD/CAM I Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 supraconstructions guarantee high patient satisfac- processes), and secondly, defect causatively con- Fig. 2_Fracture of a bar attachment tion. Thanks to their low rate of technical complica- nected with the design of the supra-construction. construction manufactured by cast- tions, they require less maintenance effort than alter- ing, in the area of the extension. native fitting elements (MacEntee et al. 2005), which For the fitting of attachments in the toothless up- Fig. 3_Casting of the implants in the is an important criterion for the long-term success of per jaw, the literature describes two versions. The fit- pick-up technique with a high- the prosthesis. High maintenance requirements re- ting of attachments on four implants in the anterior strength casting material. quire more practice visits and take the time of both, segment, and the fitting of two attachments on three Fig. 4_Tooth arrangement produced the patient and the care provider. Further, if there are to four implants on the lateral segments of the tooth- on the work model. technical complications that have led to the failure of less upper jaw (mostly after a previous sinus floor aug- Fig. 5_Virtual construction of the bar supra construction elements, an intervention by a mentation). Also for the application of attachments in attachment construction with distal dental technician might be needed for the new con- the toothless upper jaw data from clinical studies have attachments. struction or the replacement of individual compo- been published (Krennmair et al. 2008). Both attach- nents. This is also connected with further costs in ment concepts featured almost identical survival rates order to maintain the function. after five years—98.4 % for the attachments in the an- terior segment, and 97.4 % for the attachment fitting When evaluating overdenture attachment con- on six to eight implants in the lateral segments of the structions as fitting means, consideration must be upper jaw. given to the various types and forms there are. On the one hand, there are individually shaped bar attach- In particular the fitting by bar attachments seems ments, and on the other hand, there is the classic to be a therapy means with guaranteed success for the round bar, which can be manufactured either by cast- fitting of purely implant-supported coverdenture ing or by combination of pre-fabricated elements. prosthetics in the upper and lower jaw. It excels with a low rate of technical complications and, with that, low The overdenture attachment sitting on four im- maintenance requirements. Hence, bar attachments plants is a classic fitting element for a purely implant- constitute clinically tested fitting elements for im- supported coverdenture prosthesis in a toothless plant-retained and implant-fitted removable supra- upper or lower jaw. A retrospective study with 51 pa- constructions in the toothless upper and lower jaw. tients compared individually shaped bar attachments Clinical data for the fitting of removable supra-con- and round bars for the fitting of coverdenture pros- structions in the toothless upper jaw are missing for theses (Krennmair et al.2008). 26 patients were magnets as well as for ball-head attachments. Also the equipped with round bars, while 25 patients received application of so-called locators for the fitting of re- a supraconstruction with an individual bar attach- movable implant supraconstructions cannot be con- ment, on four implants each. After a surveillance pe- sidered to be based on evidence, according to the cur- riod of five years, the survival rate of the implants was rent data provided, as no results of clinical studies have 100 %. Larger technical complications, which required been presented by now for this fitting element. a renewal of the mounting elements, occurred in the round bars only, in form of fractures in the extension Telescopes as fitting elements for removable areas. The fractures on the extensions of the overden- supraconstructions are popular particularly in the ture attachments, which were exposed to high me- German-speaking countries, as they are very hygienic chanical stress, were due either to porosities in the cast and easy to expand. However, these advantages are object, or to inhomogeneities in the area of the points opposed by the high technical requirements and costs of attachment. Further, it was determined that low- at manufacture. Clinical studies on the suitability of grade complications (activation of hanks) would come double crowns as fitting elements in implant pros- up three times as often in the round bars as in the bar thetics show that they are generally suitable, and they attachments. Basically, two causes of defects can be point out the advantage of combining the natural derived from that: Firstly, defects due to faults in the teeth with implants for the fitting of a removable con- manufacturing technique (casting and joining struction, as opposed to attachments. implants 1_2010 I17 I case report _ CAD/CAM Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 6_Compartis ISUS bar attach- _Optimising the manufacturing In-vitro examinations with this CAM technology ment made of pure titanium; the at- technology showed that the precision achievable in such con- tachment could be inserted without structions, with median gap widths between 20 and manual after-processing. Despite of the high and well documented survival 30 µm is better than the accuracy of fit achieved with Fig. 7_Completed implant-retained rates of attachment constructions, the question arises cast frames made of noble metals (Takahashi and prosthesis for the lower jaw. whether the strategies can be further optimised in or- Gunne 2003). Modern scanning and software tech- Fig. 8_Good fit with a CAD/CAM pro- der to avoid defects attributable to the technique. The nology allows expanding this manufacturing princi- duced attachment construction made traditional way of manufacturing attachment con- ple also to the area of the virtual construction. Hence, of pure titanium. structions is by casting. However, the larger the cast the already well-known process of CNC cutting is sup- object, the more problems use to arise in terms of plemented with the option of a purely virtual con- porosity and warpage which, on the one hand, in- struction. Meanwhile there are several manufacturers crease the risk of mechanical failure and, on the other offering this technology (e.g. Compartis ISUS of hand, impair the proper fit (Jemt et al.1999; Fig. 2). DeguDent). Relatively early, the well-known casting problems _Case presentation have led to the establishment of alternative tech- niques. The application of pre-fabricated implant The manufacturing process is documented below components, which then were mated by means of sol- on the example of an attachment utilising the Com- dering or laser welding, was one way to improve the partis ISUS system.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Important Information About Complete Dentures University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics
    Important Information About Complete Dentures University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics Time Frame The College of Dentistry does not fabricate one appointment, same day dentures. I understand that at least 6-8 appointments will be required to fabricate my dentures. If there have been recent extractions, I understand that denture fabrication will not begin until a minimum of 8 weeks following tooth removal to allow for adequate healing time. Additional appointments may be required for relines or remakes. I understand that dentures fabricated sooner than 6 months post-extraction have an increased risk for remake and not just reline (refit) due to patient-specific bone changes. Possible Delays I am aware that delays in the fabrication and delivery of my dentures may be due to: • The need for additional healing time (8 weeks or more is the recommended healing time) due to my own individual healing response • The need for additional surgeries to shape the bone, which will require additional healing time • Holidays and academic breaks • Scheduling conflicts Difficulties and Problems with Wearing Dentures The difficulties and problems associated with wearing dentures have been presented to me, along with my treatment plan. I understand that each person is unique and success with dentures cannot be compared to others’ denture experiences. These issues include, but are not limited to: • Difficulties with speaking and/or eating • Food under dentures • Functional problems: It is the patient’s responsibility to learn to manage their dentures to become successful with eating and speaking. Abnormal tongue position or tongue movements during speech or non-functional habits will generally cause an unstable lower denture.
    [Show full text]
  • Limited Dental Warranty
    Del Ray Smiles Julie D. Tran, D.D.S. Fotini N. Chrisopoulos, D.D.S. 4 Herbert Street, Suite A·Alexandria, VA 22305 (703) 836-2213 Limited Dental Warranty Our practice is proud of the dentistry that we provide for you and your family. Our goal is not just to correct any dental problems you may have, but also to show you how to prevent dental disease in the future and to save you time and unnecessary expense. The long-term success of the treatment we provide depends on the care of your teeth and gums at home and keeping all recommended professional cleanings within the recommended timeframes. These appointments include periodic examinations by the dentist of the teeth, gums, bone, oral cavity, throat, muscles of the head and neck, oral cancer screenings, x-rays, cleanings, and fluoride treatments. The products we recommend for you and the frequency of visits depends on your individual condition. Visits may be every 2, 3, 4, or 6 months, depending on your oral health. With that in mind, we offer the following limited dental warranties: Composite (Tooth Colored) Fillings If a composite filling is the recommended treatment of choice, we will replace or repair it in the event of a failure for a period of 1 year. Composite restorations done as a compromised form of treatment (instead of a crown, inlay, onlay, or veneer) are not covered under this warranty. Crowns, Bridges, Inlays, Onlays, and Porcelain Veneers We will warranty these laboratory made restorations for 1 year from the seat/cementation date. We will replace or repair them at no charge during this 1 year period if the restorations break, decay, or loosen with normal use.
    [Show full text]
  • Dental Implants Compared to Dentures and Bridges
    Dental Implants Compared To Bridges and Dentures Benefits of implants over other cosmetic procedures Many adults face the problem of missing teeth. For years, dentures and bridges were the treatment of choice and patients had to come to terms with the often painful, embarrassing, and uncomfortable results. Dental implants offer a more natural, comfortable and long-term alternative that you should consider. Dental implants vs. traditional dental bridge A single dental implant is now considered the standard of care for those missing a single tooth. Unfortunately, most dentists are not trained in the placement of dental implants, so the most commonly used solution is a fixed dental bridge. This approach involves grinding down the two surrounding healthy teeth, so that they may act as anchors for a three-unit bridge (three artificial teeth) that is then cemented onto the two surrounding teeth. The damage to the structure of the surrounding teeth is permanent. Further, statistics reveal that these damaged teeth eventually fail due to the stresses placed on them by the bridge. The result is the eventual loss of those teeth and an even longer bridge. A single dental implant offers a vastly superior solution because it restores the lost tooth root, and surrounding healthy teeth remain unharmed. Your natural tooth root helps maintain bone density, but when you have the unfortunate occurrence of losing a tooth, the bone will deteriorate overtime. 101 N. Pointe Blvd. Suite 201 Lancaster PA 17601 717.581.0123 | [email protected] Since dental implants integrate with existing bone, your jaw structure remains intact and your oral health is preserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Gold in Dentistry: Alloys, Uses and Performance
    Gold in Dentistry: Introduction Gold is the oldest dental restorative material, having been used for dental repairs for more than 4000 years. These early Alloys, Uses and dental applications were based on aesthetics, rather than masticatory ability. The early Phoenicians used gold wire to Performance bind teeth, and subsequently, the Etruscans and then the Romans introduced the art of making fixed bridges from gold strip. During the Middle Ages these techniques were lost, and only rediscovered in a modified form in the middle of the Helmut Knosp, nineteenth century. Consultant, Pforzheim, Germany The use of gold in dentistry remains significant today, with Richard J Holliday, annual consumption typically estimated to be approximately World Gold Council, London, UK 70 tonnes worldwide (1). However, with an increasingly wide Christopher W. Corti, range of alternative materials available for dental repairs, it is World Gold Council, London, UK considered appropriate to review the current gold based technology available today and thereby highlight the The current uses of gold in dental applications are exceptional performance that competing materials must reviewed and the major gold-based dental alloys are demonstrate if they are to displace gold from current uses. described with reference to current International New gold-based dental technologies are also highlighted. Standards. Newer techniques, such as electroforming, are highlighted with suggestions for potential future areas for research and development. The future role of Uses of Gold in Dentistry gold in restorative and conservative dentistry is also discussed in the light of increasing competition from In conservative and restorative dentistry, as well as in alternative materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Use Data File Documentation
    Public Use Data File Documentation Part III - Medical Coding Manual and Short Index National Health Interview Survey, 1995 From the CENTERSFOR DISEASECONTROL AND PREVENTION/NationalCenter for Health Statistics U.S. DEPARTMENTOF HEALTHAND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics CDCCENTERS FOR DlSEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTlON Public Use Data File Documentation Part Ill - Medical Coding Manual and Short Index National Health Interview Survey, 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHAND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville, Maryland October 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SECTION I. INTRODUCTION AND ORIENTATION GUIDES A. Brief Description of the Health Interview Survey ............. .............. 1 B. Importance of the Medical Coding ...................... .............. 1 C. Codes Used (described briefly) ......................... .............. 2 D. Appendix III ...................................... .............. 2 E, The Short Index .................................... .............. 2 F. Abbreviations and References ......................... .............. 3 G. Training Preliminary to Coding ......................... .............. 4 SECTION II. CLASSES OF CHRONIC AND ACUTE CONDITIONS A. General Rules ................................................... 6 B. When to Assign “1” (Chronic) ........................................ 6 C. Selected Conditions Coded ” 1” Regardless of Onset ......................... 7 D. When to Assign
    [Show full text]
  • Resource for Dental Care a Guide to Free and Low-Cost Dental Care
    FALL 2021 Oklahoma Statewide Listings Resource for Dental Care A Guide to Free and Low-Cost Dental Care Delta Dental HelpLine: 405-607-4747 Let our Dental Care Navigators help you access the care you need. In the midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Delta Dental of Oklahoma Foundation has launched a program to help divert dental patients from hospital emergency rooms. Our Dental Care Navigators will help you find the best resource for your dental care needs and our Dental Emergency Fund is available to provide financial assistance to A guide with a purpose qualifying uninsured patients. This guide is published by the Delta Dental of Oklahoma Foundation to: 1. Help those who cannot afford dental care find free and A message to those in need of care low-cost resources The providers listed in this directory care about you and your situation, and they 2. Help referral sources assist do all they can (given limited resources) to meet the tremendous need for free those in need to find care 3. Connect free and low-cost and low-cost dental services throughout Oklahoma. programs to one another to There are two types of clinics/programs listed – free and low-cost. If you have leverage their resources and some financial means, the nonprofit low-cost clinics and Federally Qualified multiply their results Health Centers (FQHCs) provide dental services at lower than average or sliding scale fees and the waiting period for an appointment is short. Join our email list The best way to stay current is to Free clinics and programs provide services at no cost and are made possible by join our email list.
    [Show full text]
  • Dental Benefits Summary
    Idaho Option 8 Indemnity 100/80/50 80th Dental Benefits Summary Indemnity Annual Deductible* Individual $50 Family $150 Preventive Services 100% Basic Services 80% Major Services 50% Annual Benefit Maximum $1,000 Office Visit Copay N/A Orthodontic Services Not Covered Orthodontic Deductible Not Covered Orthodontic Lifetime Maximum Not Covered *The deductible applies to: Basic & Major services only Partial List of Services Indemnity Preventive Oral examinations (a) 100% Cleanings (a) Adult/Child 100% Fluoride (a) 100% Sealants (permanent molars only) (a) 100% Bitewing Images (a) 100% Full mouth series Images (a) 100% Space Maintainers 100% Basic Amalgam (silver) fillings 80% Composite fillings (anterior teeth only) 80% Stainless steel crowns 80% Incision and drainage of abscess* 80% Uncomplicated extractions 80% Surgical removal of erupted tooth* 80% Surgical removal of impacted tooth (soft tissue)* 80% Major Root canal therapy Anterior teeth / Bicuspid teeth 50% Scaling and root planing (a) 50% Gingivectomy* 50% Inlays 50% Onlays 50% Crowns 50% Full & partial dentures 50% Pontics 50% Root canal therapy, molar teeth 50% Osseous surgery (a)* 50% Surgical removal of impacted tooth (partial bony/ full bony)* 50% General anesthesia/intravenous sedation* 50% Denture repairs 50% *Certain services may be covered under the Medical Plan. Contact Member Services for more details. (a) Frequency and/or age limitations may apply to these services. These limits are described in the booklet/certificate. Page: 1 Prepared: 10/06/2014 01:31 PM Idaho Option 8 Indemnity 100/80/50 80th Dental Benefits Summary Other Important Information This benefits summary of the Aetna Dental® Indemnity Dental coverage is provided by Aetna Life Insurance Company for some of the more frequently performed dental procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Gold and Gold Alloys in Prosthetic Dentistry
    Curr. Issues Pharm. Med. Sci., Vol. 28, No. 3, Pages 192-195 Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Formerly ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKLODOWSKA, SECTIO DDD, PHARMACIA journal homepage: http://www.curipms.umlub.pl/ The use of gold and gold alloys in prosthetic dentistry – a literature review Justyna Oleszek-Listopad1, Katarzyna Sarna-Bos1, Anna Szabelska1, Elzbieta Czelej-Piszcz1, Janusz Borowicz1, Jolanta Szymanska2* 1 Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland 2 Chair and Department of Paedodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received 08 July 2015 Gold is a noble metal with very good chemical resistance. It also does not become Accepted 15 July 2015 oxidized in water or air. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and shine, and it is a heavy, Keywords: but soft metal with huge plasticity and ductility. For many years, gold and its alloys gold, have been recognized as being great prosthetic material in dental practice. In current gold alloys, dentistry, the progress in materials science and galvanoforming techniques have made galvanoforming technique, crowns, it possible to create precise restorations utilizing this metal. This pertains both to fixed dowels. and removable dentures. Galvanized gold has a range of advantages, among these being biocompatibility, proper marginal tightness, endurance, its esthetic design and the fact that it boasts bacteriostatic features. INTRODUCTION The alloys which are still used in dentistry nowadays, can be made of galvanized gold [11,16,28]. Thus, new tech- are placed within several groups. These are the noble ones, nologies has made gold and its alloys a kind of a universal that have a high content of noble metals (gold, platinum, material.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is a Prosthodontist and the Dental Specialty of Prosthodontics?
    What is a Prosthodontist and the Dental Specialty of Prosthodontics? Prosthodontics is a dental specialty recognized by the ADA National Commission on Recognition of Dental Specialties and Certifying Boards and is the area of dentistry that focuses on dental prosthetics. The ADA has defined prosthodontics as “the dental specialty pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation, and maintenance of oral function, comfort, appearance, and health of patients with clinical conditions associated with missing or deficient teeth and/or oral and maxillofacial tissues using biocompatible substitutes.” A prosthodontist has three years of extended training in several areas of restorative dentistry, including dental implants, crowns, bridges, complete dentures, partial dentures, esthetics, occlusion, and facial and dental birth developmental defects. Prosthodontists are also trained in the technical and technological aspects of laboratory fabrication of complex dental prosthetics and complex restoration of dental and facial esthetics. Maxillofacial prosthetics is a branch of prosthodontics that requires one additional year of fellowship training with a focus on treatment of patients who have acquired and congenital defects of the head and neck region due to cancer, surgery, trauma, and birth defects. Prosthodontics has an emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment planning of patients who have complex dental needs and on providing treatment services that primarily involve the repair or replacement of natural teeth with a variety of fixed or removable prosthetic options. Increased patient demand for esthetic services and for implant-supported prostheses has caused an increased emphasis on these types of procedures in prosthodontic training programs and practices. To successfully manage these patient needs, prosthodontists collaborate with all members of the dental team, including other specialty colleagues, general dentists, dental hygienists, and laboratory technicians.
    [Show full text]
  • Prosthodontics In- Comfortably
    DR. MICHAEL J. MAGINNIS SPECIAL ADVERTISING FEATURE the validation of a board of his peers. bridges. enced difficulty wearing these prostheses The process took several years and • Removable prosthodontics in- comfortably. Both simple and highly involved many levels of thorough exami- volves the construction of complete complex cases provide the opportunity nations, both written and oral, as well as and partial dentures. for patients of Dr. Maginnis to experience numerous practical applications of his • Maxillofacial prosthodontics ad- comfort, function and aesthetic satisfac- skills and knowledge. dresses the treatment of congenital tion. defects such as cleft palate/cleft lip While many advances have been made ABOUT THE PRACTICE and other genetic anomalies that in the use of dental implants, little has Dr. Maginnis has never regretted the affect the oral cavity as well as post- changed for patients who can’t have them decision to become board certified. surgical reconstruction following because of health issues or lack of bone to His patients have received the benefit treatment for oral cancer. support the implant. of his insight, focus and skills. Dr. Maginnis has spent his entire career Each patient becomes part of his per- Dr. Maginnis has always worked closely perfecting the Branching Technique for sonalized process and is provided ample with oral and maxillofacial surgeons, Denture Construction, which produces opportunity for input and approval as plastic and reconstructive surgeons, and excellent results for patients who have Dr. Maginnis includes them in setting and ear, nose and throat surgeons in providing had little success in wearing and using arranging their denture teeth himself rath- prosthetic reconstruction for their oral complete dentures.
    [Show full text]
  • Patient Instructions for Immediate Dentures
    Patient Instructions For Immediate Dentures Dr. Rosanna U. Masciadri The first 24 hours Do not remove your immediate denture during the first 24 hours. Let it act as a bandage during the initial healing of the surgical area. If the denture is removed during this period, the gums may swell and make it hard to get the denture back in place. Take your pain medication as directed. It is helpful to take the first dose as soon as possible so it is in your system before the anesthetic (“numbness”) wears off. Research has shown that it is much better to take pain medication regularly as directed instead of trying to wait until you “really need it”. It can also be helpful to apply an ice pack over the area during the first few hours: on for 2& minutes, off for 2& minutes. If you follow these directions, mild pain medications alone may be enough to relieve any discomfort. 'pecific instructions for you% ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( It is normal for some bleeding to occur during the first 2)* days. When bleeding occurs, close your teeth together tightly for 1& minutes and the pressure from the denture will slow down the bleeding. Do not rapidly clench and release as this only “pumps” the site and can increase the bleeding. If you have e-cessive bleeding, contact your dentist immediately. Do not take any additional medications or herbal products during this time unless prescribed by your dentist or physician. Many seemingly harmless products can cause increased bleeding. Of course, if you are on any prescription medications for medical conditions, continue to take these as directed.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 TITLE “Clinical and Scientific Aspect of Inlay Fixed Partial Dentures”
    UNIVERSITY OF SIENA SCHOOL OF DENTAL MEDICINE PHD PROGRAM: “DENTAL MATERIALS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS” Ph D THESIS OF: Carlo Monaco TITLE “Clinical and scientific aspect of Inlay Fixed Partial Dentures” 1 ACCADEMIC YEAR 2004/2005 December 2005 Siena Italy Committee: Promoter Prof. Marco Ferrari Co-Promoter Prof. R. Scotti Prof. xxxxxxxxxxxx Prof. xxxxxxxxxxxx Prof. xxxxxxxxxxxx Prof. xxxxxxxxxxxx TITLE “Clinical and scientific aspect of Inlay Fixed Partial Dentures” _____________________________________________________________ CANDIDATE Carlo Monaco December 2005 2 CONTENTS Chapter 1: General introduction 1.1 Tooth structure removal associated with various preparation designs 1.2 Metal-free inlay retainer restorations 1.3 Indication and contraindications of inlay-fixed partial denture Chapter 2: The use of fiber reinforced composites in dentistry 2.1 Fiber-reinforced composite systems 2.2 Properties of the fibers and polymer matrices 2.3 Impregnation of the fibers 2.4 Quantity of fibers 2.5 Direction of the fibers 2.6 Position of fibers 2.7 Water sorption of FRC matrix Chapter 3: Marginal adaptation of IFPDs 3.1 Marginal adaptation of three partial bridges made with different structure material. Chapter 4: Criteria for selecting the materials for IFPDs 4.1 Fracture strength of three partial bridges made with different structure material. Chapter 5: laboratory process for high volume fiber framework 5.1 Fiber reinforced composite with a high volume framework: a technical procedure. Chapter 6: Different structure of the framework 6.1 Clinical Evaluation of Fiber-Reinforced Composite IFPDs. Chapter 7: adhesive procedures 7.1 Inlay Bridge With a New Microfilled Composite: A Clinical Report 3 Chapter 8: Clinical trial 8.1 Randomized controlled trial of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Inlay Fixed Partial Dentures: two-year results.
    [Show full text]