Arachnida, Araneae)
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Sexual Selection Research on Spiders: Progress and Biases
Biol. Rev. (2005), 80, pp. 363–385. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 363 doi:10.1017/S1464793104006700 Printed in the United Kingdom Sexual selection research on spiders: progress and biases Bernhard A. Huber* Zoological Research Institute and Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany (Received 7 June 2004; revised 25 November 2004; accepted 29 November 2004) ABSTRACT The renaissance of interest in sexual selection during the last decades has fuelled an extraordinary increase of scientific papers on the subject in spiders. Research has focused both on the process of sexual selection itself, for example on the signals and various modalities involved, and on the patterns, that is the outcome of mate choice and competition depending on certain parameters. Sexual selection has most clearly been demonstrated in cases involving visual and acoustical signals but most spiders are myopic and mute, relying rather on vibrations, chemical and tactile stimuli. This review argues that research has been biased towards modalities that are relatively easily accessible to the human observer. Circumstantial and comparative evidence indicates that sexual selection working via substrate-borne vibrations and tactile as well as chemical stimuli may be common and widespread in spiders. Pattern-oriented research has focused on several phenomena for which spiders offer excellent model objects, like sexual size dimorphism, nuptial feeding, sexual cannibalism, and sperm competition. The accumulating evidence argues for a highly complex set of explanations for seemingly uniform patterns like size dimorphism and sexual cannibalism. Sexual selection appears involved as well as natural selection and mechanisms that are adaptive in other contexts only. Sperm competition has resulted in a plethora of morpho- logical and behavioural adaptations, and simplistic models like those linking reproductive morphology with behaviour and sperm priority patterns in a straightforward way are being replaced by complex models involving an array of parameters. -
On the Spider Genus Rhoicinus (Araneae, Trechaleidae) in a Central Amazonian Inundation Fores T
1994. The Journal of Arachnology 22 :54—59 ON THE SPIDER GENUS RHOICINUS (ARANEAE, TRECHALEIDAE) IN A CENTRAL AMAZONIAN INUNDATION FORES T Hubert Hofer: Staatliches Museum fair Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstr . 13, 7613 3 Karlsruhe, Germany Antonio D. Brescovit: Museu de Ciencias Naturais, Fundacdo Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul, C . P. 1188, 90 .001-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil ABSTRACT. The male of Rhoicinus gaujoni Simon and the new species Rhoicinus lugato are described. They co-occur in a whitewater-inundation forest in central Amazonia, Brazil, but were not found in a nearby, inten- sively studied blackwater-inundation forest . Rhoicinus gaujoni builds complex, irregular sheet webs on the ground with a silk tube as a retreat . This report enlarges the distribution of the genus from western Sout h America to the central Amazon basin . The spider genus Rhoicinus was proposed by uated on Ilha de Marchantaria (3°15'S, 59°58'W) , Simon (1898a), based on the type species R. gau- the first island in the Solimoes-Amazon river , joni, from Ecuador. Exline (1950, 1960) de- approximately 15 km above its confluence wit h scribed five new species in the genus, R. wallsi the Rio Negro . The forest is annually flooded from Ecuador and R. rothi, R. schlingeri, R . an- between February and September to a depth o f dinus, R. weyrauchi, all from Peru . The genus 3—5 m. The region is subject to a rainy season was placed in the Amaurobiidae by Lehtinen (December to May) and a dry season (June to (1967), followed by Platnick (1989) in his cata- November). -
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Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc. (1998) 11 (2), 73-80 73 Possible links between embryology, lack of & Pereira, 1995; Eberhard & Huber, in press a), Cole- innervation, and the evolution of male genitalia in optera (Peschke, 1978; Eberhard, 1993a,b; Krell, 1996; Eberhard & Kariko, 1996), Homoptera (Kunze, 1957), spiders Hemiptera (Bonhag & Wick, 1953; Heming-Battum & Heming, 1986, 1989), and Hymenoptera (Roig-Alsina, William G. Eberhard 1993) (see also Snodgrass, 1935 on insects in general, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and and Tadler, 1993, 1996 on millipedes). Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica It is of course difficult to present quantitative data on these points, and there are obviously exceptions to and these general statements. For example, in spiders although male pholcid genitalia have elaborate internal Bernhard A. Huber locking and bracing devices (partly in relation to the Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, chelicerae), most or all of the genital structures of the Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica* female that are contacted by the male genitalia are membranous (Uhl et al., 1995; Huber, 1994a, 1995c; Summary Huber & Eberhard, 1997). Some portions of the female sperm-receiving organs are also soft in the tetragnathids The male genitalia of spiders apparently lack innervation, Nephila and Leucauge (Higgins, 1989; Eberhard & probably because they are derived embryologically from Huber, in press b), as are the female genital structures structures that secrete the tarsal claw, a structure which lacks nerves. The resultant lack of both sensation and fine that guide the male’s embolus in Histopona torpida muscular control in male genitalia may be responsible for (C. -
Description of a Novel Mating Plug Mechanism in Spiders and the Description of the New Species Maeota Setastrobilaris (Araneae, Salticidae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 509: 1–12Description (2015) of a novel mating plug mechanism in spiders and the description... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.509.9711 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Description of a novel mating plug mechanism in spiders and the description of the new species Maeota setastrobilaris (Araneae, Salticidae) Uriel Garcilazo-Cruz1, Fernando Alvarez-Padilla1 1 Laboratorio de Aracnología. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico s/n Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F. Del. Coyoacán, Código postal 04510, México Corresponding author: Fernando Alvarez-Padilla ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Dimitrov | Received 27 March 2015 | Accepted 5 June 2015 | Published 22 June 2015 http://zoobank.org/A9EA00BB-C5F4-4F2A-AC58-5CF879793EA0 Citation: Garcilazo-Cruz U, Alvarez-Padilla F (2015) Description of a novel mating plug mechanism in spiders and the description of the new species Maeota setastrobilaris (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 509: 1–12. doi: 10.3897/ zookeys.509.9711 Abstract Reproduction in arthropods is an interesting area of research where intrasexual and intersexual mecha- nisms have evolved structures with several functions. The mating plugs usually produced by males are good examples of these structures where the main function is to obstruct the female genitalia against new sperm depositions. In spiders several types of mating plugs have been documented, the most common ones include solidified secretions, parts of the bulb or in some extraordinary cases the mutilation of the entire palpal bulb. Here, we describe the first case of modified setae, which are located on the cymbial dorsal base, used directly as a mating plug for the Order Araneae in the species Maeota setastrobilaris sp. -
Psalmopoeus Cambridgei (Trinidad Chevron Tarantula)
UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Psalmopoeus cambridgei (Trinidad Chevron Tarantula) Order: Araneae (Spiders) Class: Arachnida (Spiders and Scorpions) Phylum: Arthropoda (Arthropods) Fig. 1. Trinidad chevron tarantula, Psalmopoeus cambridgei. [http://www.exoreptiles.com/my/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=1127, downloaded 30 April 2015] TRAITS. A large spider, maximum size 11-14cm across the legs, with chevrons (V-shaped marks) on the abdomen (Fig. 1). Males are either grey or brown in colour, and females vary from green to brown with red or orange markings on the legs (Wikipedia, 2013). The Trinidad chevron tarantula is hairy in appearance, has eight legs, and its body is divided into two parts, the cephalothorax and the abdomen which are connected by a pedicel that looks like a narrow stalk (Fig. 2). The cephalothorax has eight legs plus a pair of smaller leg-like appendages (pedipalps) used to catch prey; in males these have palpal bulbs attached to the ends for holding sperm (Fig. 3). The mouth has chelicerae with fangs at the ends and swollen bases that house the venom glands, and there are eight small eyes (Foelix, 2010). However, even with eight eyes the Trinidad chevron tarantula can hardly see and so depends mostly on touch, smell, and taste to find its way. There are organs on their feet to detect changes in the environment and special type of hair on their legs and pedipalps for taste. The second part, the abdomen attached to a narrow waist, can UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology expand and contract to accommodate food and eggs; two pairs of spinnerets are located at the end of the abdomen (Fig. -
Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Community Structure And
School of Environmental Sciences Metatranscriptomic analysis of community structure and metabolism of the rhizosphere microbiome by Thomas Richard Turner Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, September 2013 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. i Declaration I declare that this is an account of my own research and has not been submitted for a degree at any other university. The use of material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged, where appropriate. Thomas Richard Turner ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisors, Phil Poole and Alastair Grant, for their continued support and guidance over the past four years. I’m grateful to all members of my lab, both past and present, for advice and friendship. Graham Hood, I don’t know how we put up with each other, but I don’t think I could have done this without you. Cheers Salt! KK, thank you for all your help in the lab, and for Uma’s biryanis! Andrzej Tkatcz, thanks for the useful discussions about our projects. Alison East, thank you for all your support, particularly ensuring Graham and I did not kill each other. I’m grateful to Allan Downie and Colin Murrell for advice. For sequencing support, I’d like to thank TGAC, particularly Darren Heavens, Sophie Janacek, Kirsten McKlay and Melanie Febrer, as well as John Walshaw, Mark Alston and David Swarbreck for bioinformatic support. -
A Summary List of Fossil Spiders
A summary list of fossil spiders compiled by Jason A. Dunlop (Berlin), David Penney (Manchester) & Denise Jekel (Berlin) Suggested citation: Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2010. A summary list of fossil spiders. In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Last udated: 10.12.2009 INTRODUCTION Fossil spiders have not been fully cataloged since Bonnet’s Bibliographia Araneorum and are not included in the current Catalog. Since Bonnet’s time there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the spider fossil record and numerous new taxa have been described. As part of a larger project to catalog the diversity of fossil arachnids and their relatives, our aim here is to offer a summary list of the known fossil spiders in their current systematic position; as a first step towards the eventual goal of combining fossil and Recent data within a single arachnological resource. To integrate our data as smoothly as possible with standards used for living spiders, our list follows the names and sequence of families adopted in the Catalog. For this reason some of the family groupings proposed in Wunderlich’s (2004, 2008) monographs of amber and copal spiders are not reflected here, and we encourage the reader to consult these studies for details and alternative opinions. Extinct families have been inserted in the position which we hope best reflects their probable affinities. Genus and species names were compiled from established lists and cross-referenced against the primary literature. -
Research Article ISSN 2336-9744 (Online) | ISSN 2337-0173 (Print) the Journal Is Available on Line At
Research Article ISSN 2336-9744 (online) | ISSN 2337-0173 (print) The journal is available on line at www.biotaxa.org/em New faunistic data on the cave-dwelling spiders in the Balkan Peninsula (Araneae) MARIA V. NAUMOVA1, STOYAN P. LAZAROV2, BOYAN P. PETROV2, CHRISTO D. DELTSHEV2 1Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, E-mail: [email protected] 2National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Corresponding author: Christo Deltshev Received 15 October 2016 │ Accepted 7 November 2016 │ Published online 9 November 2016. Abstract The contribution summarizes previously unpublished data and adds records of newly collected cave-dwelling spiders from the Balkan Peninsula. New data on the distribution of 91 species from 16 families, found in 157 (27 newly established) underground sites (caves and artificial galleries) are reported due to 337 original records. Twelve species are new to the spider fauna of the caves of the Balkan Peninsula. The species Histopona palaeolithica (Brignoli, 1971) and Hoplopholcus longipes (Spassky, 1934) are reported for the first time for the territory of Balkan Peninsula, Centromerus cavernarum (L. Koch, 1872), Diplocephalus foraminifer (O.P.-Cambridge, 1875) and Lepthyphantes notabilis Kulczyński, 1887 are new for the fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cataleptoneta detriticola Deltshev & Li, 2013 is new for the fauna of Greece, Asthenargus bracianus Miller, 1938 and Centromerus europaeus (Simon, 1911) are new for the fauna of Montenegro and Syedra gracilis (Menge, 1869) is new for the fauna of Turkey. -
Estimating Spider Species Richness in a Southern Appalachian Cove Hardwood Forest
1996. The Journal of Arachnology 24:111-128 ESTIMATING SPIDER SPECIES RICHNESS IN A SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN COVE HARDWOOD FOREST Jonathan A. Coddington: Dept. of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 USA Laurel H. Young and Frederick A. Coyle: Dept. of Biology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723 USA ABSTRACT. Variation in species richness at the landscape scale is an important consideration in con- servation planning and natural resource management. To assess the ability of rapid inventory techniques to estimate local species richness, three collectors sampled the spider fauna of a "wilderness" cove forest in the southern Appalachians for 133 person-hours during September and early October 1991 using four methods: aerial hand collecting, ground hand collecting, beating, and leaf litter extraction. Eighty-nine species in 64 genera and 19 families were found. To these data we applied various statistical techniques (lognormal, Poisson lognormal, Chao 1, Chao 2, jackknife, and species accumulation curve) to estimate the number of species present as adults at this site. Estimates clustered between roughly 100-130 species with an outlier (Poisson lognormal) at 182 species. We compare these estimates to those from Bolivian tropical forest sites sampled in much the same way but less intensively. We discuss the biases and errors such estimates may entail and their utility for inventory design. We also assess the effects of method, time of day and collector on the number of adults, number of species and taxonomic composition of the samples and discuss the nature and importance of such effects. Method, collector and method-time of day interaction significantly affected the numbers of adults and species per sample; and each of the four methods collected clearly different sets of species. -
Zoologische Mededelingen Uitgegeven Door Het
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN UITGEGEVEN DOOR HET RIJKSMUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE TE LEIDEN (MINISTERIE VAN CULTUUR, RECREATIE EN MAATSCHAPPELIJK WERK) Deel 45 no. 25 15 september 1971 A NEW SPECIES OF SULCIA KRATOCHVIL (ARANEIDA, LEPTONETIDAE) FROM GREECE, AND A DISCUSSION OF SOME JAPANESE CAVERNICOLOUS LEPTONETIDAE by CHRISTA L. DEELEMAN-REINHOLD Sparrenlaan 8, Ossendrecht, Netherlands (With 7 text-figures) A NEW SPECIES OF SULCIA In 1962, Dresco described the first representative of the genus Sulcia from the Greek mainland, Sulcia lindbergi. Recently, Brignoli (1968a) considered this species a subspecies of Sulcia cretica Fage. The genus is also known from Dalmatia, Hercegovina, Montenegro, and some adjacent islands (Kra- tochvil, 1938) and from the Island of Crete (Fage, 1945). In January 1969, my husband P. R. Deeleman, had the opportunity to visit the Koutouki Cave near the village of Ljopessi (officially also called Peania), situated at approximately 20 km west of Athens. This visit was made possible by the assistance of Mrs. A. Petrochilos and Mr. A. Kanellis, to whom we feel very much obliged. In this cave a new species of Sulcia was collected. The cave was discovered fairly recently; it has been exploited as a show cave with electric illumination since 1962. The spiders were found in the huge main chamber, where they were hanging in their webs in crevices in the wall or between stalagmites. The cave is also inhabitied by bats, terrestrial isopods, diplopods and Orthoptera (Dolichopoda petrochilosi Chopard). The original entrance is a vertical shaft of about 15 meters, it has been made accessible for tourism by an artificial entrance. -
254 the JOURNAL of ARACHNOLOG Y SYSTEMATIZED SUBJECT INDEX Acari Chelicerate Arterial System and Endosternite–Firstman, 1 :1-5
254 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOG Y SYSTEMATIZED SUBJECT INDEX Acari Chelicerate arterial system and endosternite–Firstman, 1 :1-54 Circulatory system of ticks–Obenchain and Oliver, 3 :57-7 4 Amblypygida Chelicerate arterial system and endosternite–Firstman, 1 :1-54 Araneae Chelicerate arterial system and endosternite–Firstman, 1 :1-5 4 New Philodromus from Arizona–Buckle, 1 :142-14 3 Egg cocoon of Linyphia marginata–Wise, 1 :143-144 Spider family Leptonetidae in North America–Gertsch, 1 :145-20 3 Spiders of Nacogdoches, Texas–Brown, 1 :229-24 0 Effects of d-amphetamine and diazepam on spider webs–Jackson, 2 :37-4 1 Names of higher taxa in spiders–Kaston, 2 :47-5 1 Rearing methods for spiders–Jackson, 2 :53-5 6 Feeding on eggs by Achaearanea tepidariorum–Valerio, 2 :57-6 3 Northern and southern Phidippus audax–Taylor and Peck, 2 :89-99 Dispersal of jumping spiders–Horner, 2 :101-10 5 Stabilimenta and barrier webs of Argiope argentata–Lubin, 2 :119-12 6 Genus Ozyptila in North America-Dondale and Redner, 2 :129-18 1 Revision of Coriarachne for North America–Bowling and Sauer, 2 :183-19 3 Key and checklist of Theridiidae–Levi and Randolph, 3 :31-5 1 Comments on Saltonia incerta– Roth and Brown, 3 :53-5 6 Web-site tenacity of Argiope–Enders, 3 :75-8 2 Ecology of Cyclocosmia truncata–Hunt, 3 :83-8 6 Spiders and scorpions from Arizona and Utah–Allred and Gertsch, 3 :87-9 9 Pitfall trapping of wandering spiders–Uetz and Unzicker, 3 :101-11 1 Male of Gnaphosa sonora–Platnick, 3 :134-13 5 Los generos Cyllodania y Arachnomura–Galiano, 3 :137-15 0 -
Arachnologische Arachnology
Arachnologische Gesellschaft E u Arachnology 2015 o 24.-28.8.2015 Brno, p Czech Republic e www.european-arachnology.org a n Arachnologische Mitteilungen Arachnology Letters Heft / Volume 51 Karlsruhe, April 2016 ISSN 1018-4171 (Druck), 2199-7233 (Online) www.AraGes.de/aramit Arachnologische Mitteilungen veröffentlichen Arbeiten zur Faunistik, Ökologie und Taxonomie von Spinnentieren (außer Acari). Publi- ziert werden Artikel in Deutsch oder Englisch nach Begutachtung, online und gedruckt. Mitgliedschaft in der Arachnologischen Gesellschaft beinhaltet den Bezug der Hefte. Autoren zahlen keine Druckgebühren. Inhalte werden unter der freien internationalen Lizenz Creative Commons 4.0 veröffentlicht. Arachnology Logo: P. Jäger, K. Rehbinder Letters Publiziert von / Published by is a peer-reviewed, open-access, online and print, rapidly produced journal focusing on faunistics, ecology Arachnologische and taxonomy of Arachnida (excl. Acari). German and English manuscripts are equally welcome. Members Gesellschaft e.V. of Arachnologische Gesellschaft receive the printed issues. There are no page charges. URL: http://www.AraGes.de Arachnology Letters is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Autorenhinweise / Author guidelines www.AraGes.de/aramit/ Schriftleitung / Editors Theo Blick, Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt/M. and Callistus, Gemeinschaft für Zoologische & Ökologische Untersuchungen, D-95503 Hummeltal; E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected] Sascha