20. Perbedaan Kepuasan Wisatawan Mice Di Palembang Dan Yogyakarta.Pdf

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20. Perbedaan Kepuasan Wisatawan Mice Di Palembang Dan Yogyakarta.Pdf PERBEDAAN KEPUASAN WISATAWAN MICE DI PALEMBANG DAN YOGYAKARTA Sri Rahayu, Ervita Safitri, Arniza Nilawati Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang Palembang-Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Abstrak-Besarnya potensi ekonomi dari industri event, seluruh stakeholder akan ikut terlibat. Selain itu, pariwisata, maka sudah selayaknya industri ini angka pengangguran juga akan bisa ditekan melalui diberikan perhatian agar bisa menjadi penyumbang industri MICE. Keunggulan industri MICE antara lain devisa dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Permintaan adalah mendatangkan wisatawan dalam jumlah besar, terhadap pariwisata terus mengalami peningkatan dan lama tinggal lebih lama, dampak promosi ke dunia ini merupakan peluang yang menarik. Produsen semakin yakin bahwa kunci sukses untuk internasional, jumlah uang yang dibelanjakan, memenangkan persaingan terletak pada peningkatan infrastruktur, serta memberikan kemampuannya memberikan kepuasan kepada kebanggan dan memperkuat diplomasi bangsa. customer yang dalam hal ini adalah kepuasan Persaingan di industri wisata MICE sangat wisatawan Semakin banyaknya pesaing industri ketat terutama dengan Singapura, Thailand, pariwisata, maka pengelola objek pariwisata harus Hongkong, dan Malaysia. Namun demikian terus meningkatkan daya saing. Penelitian ini Indonesia memiliki berbagai kelebihan terutama dilakukan pada objek pariwisata di Palembang dan dalam hal keindahan alam serta budaya. Yogyakarta, dengan menggunakan 200 responden Pemerintah telah menetapkan 10 kota utama Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara probability sampling, metode análisis yang digunakan adalah dan 3 kota potensial tujuan MICE di Indonesia. 10 kota análisis deskriptif dan análisis verifikatif dengan utama tersebut adalah Medan, Padang/Bukit Tinggi, Batam, Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Bali, menggunakan soft ware SPSS versi 16,0. Hasil pengujian hipótesis menunjukkan tidak Makasar dan Manado. Sedangkan tiga kota potensial ada perbedaan kepuasan yang signifikan di kedua adalah Palembang, Lombok dan Balikpapan. Trend daerah wisata ini. kegiatan MICE domestik juga menunjukkan perkembangan yang menggembirakan, tidak saja dilakukan oleh para pelaku bisnis, asosiasi dan dunia Kata Kunci : Kepuasan, wisatawan pendidikan, tetapi juga dari pemerintah danpartai-partai politik, baik skala nasional dan internasional. Hal ini juga bisa dilihat semakin banyaknya permintaan I. PENDAHULUAN dukungan berbagai pihak kepada pemerintah, mulai dari kegiatan bidang, promosi, delegate boosting, site Industri pariwisata adalah kumpulan usaha visit dan memperkaya program pada saat suatu event pariwisata yang saling terkait dalam rangka diselenggarakan. Dua provinsi yang cukup dikenal oleh menghasilkan barang dan atau jasa bagi pemenuhan wisatawan adalah Yogyakarta dan Bali. kebutuhan wisatawan dalam penyelenggaraan pariwisata. Berbagai langkah strategis dalam pembangunan Salah bentuk industri pariwisata yang sedang trend adalah MICE di Indonesia antara lain dengan pendekatan Co- wisata MICE. Kegiatan MICE di Indonesia mulai Marketing dengan para pelaku industri. MICE sebagai berkembang dan menjadi trend di kalangan masyarakat, industri mempunyai pelanggan yang tidak bisa dilepaskan serta menjadi salah satu indikator pertumbuhan ekonomi. begitu saja, tetapi harus terus dibina agar wisatawan MICE merupakan akaronim dari Meetings, Incentives, tersebut datang kembali. Salah satu cara dalam Conferences and Exhibitions. mempertahankan pelanggan yang dalam hal ini adalah Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan para wisatwan. Sebagai salah satu kunci wisatawan MICE pada umumnya mempunyai lama mempertahankan pelanggan adalah kepuasan pelanggan. tinggal lebih lama, karena mengikuti kegiatan pre and Pelanggan yang puas akan tetap setia untuk waktu yang post tour dengan berbagai program seperti ladies and cukup lama. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis children program sehingga secara keseluruhan : Bagaimana tingkat kepuasan wisatawan dan pengeluaran wisatawan MICE tersebut lebih menentukan indikator-indikataor apa yang merupakan besar.Sebagai industri yang memiliki karakter prioritas rendah, dan indikator-indikator yang masih multiplayer effect, MICE tentunya dapat meningkatkan perlu ditingkatkan. Kemudian akan dibandingkan taraf ekonomi masyarakat sekitar, karena dalam suatu Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Ke- 4 76 Asosiasi Program Pascasarjana Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah (APPPTM) ISBN: 978-602-19568-1-6 perbedaan tingkat kepuasan wisatawan di kedua hasil yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap objek wisata tersebut kepuasan dan ketidakpuasan pelanggan. Swan dan Trawick (1981) melakukan penelitian terhadap ekspektasi dan evaluasi 1. Landasan Teori terhadap pelayanan dan niat untuk 1.1. Kepuasan Pelanggan Kepuasan pelanggan telah menjadi berlangganan pada sebuah restoran. Rust et faktor penting pada perusahaan, karena al.(1994), mengemukakan metode membawa manfaat yang positif bagi diskorfirmasi lebih tepat, meskipun belum perusahaan. Pentingnya kepuasan pelanggan ada penelitian yang membandingkannya. didasarkan pada pandangan suatu bisnis akan Oliver (1996) mengemukakan sukses dan menguntungkan bila perusahaan kepuasan adalah pleasureable fulfillment yaitu dapat memuaskan pelangggannya. Penelitian terpenuhinya harapan pelanggan dengan terdahulu telah membuktikan kepuasan memuaskan. Oleh karena itu, kepuasan pelanggan memengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan pelanggan merupakan evaluasi pasca- (Cronin dan Taylor, 1992; Fomel, 1992). pembelian yang dilakukan pelanggan. Paralel Kepuasan pelanggan membantu perusahaan dengan pendapat diatas, Dimitris et al.,(2007) mendapatkan pelanggan (Fornel, 1992; mengemukakan kepuasan pelanggan adalah Halstead dan Page, 1992). Kepuasan perbandingan antara kinerja layanan dengan pelanggan juga dapat memengaruhi WOM harapan pelanggan. Lovelock dan Wright (Word of Mouth] yang positif yang merupakan (2005) kepuasan pelanggan merupakan reaksi iklan secara tidak langsung bagi perusahaan emosional pelanggan pasca-pembelian dapat (Halstead dan Page, 1992; Fornell, 1992). berupa kemarahan, ketidakpuasan, Kepuasan pelanggan berbeda dengan kejengkelan, netralitas, kegembiraan atau loyalitas pelanggan. Kepuasan pelanggan kesenangan. mengukur terpenuhinya harapan pelanggan, Menurut Kotler (2000) kepuasan pelanggan sedangkan loyalitas pelanggan mengukur merupakan tingkat perasaan pelanggan pembelian ulang dan hubungan relasional. setelah membandingkan kinerja layanan yang Kepuasan pelanggan penting namun tidak cukup dirasakan dibanding dengan harapan layanan. untuk menciptakan loyalitas. Dengan kata lain, Spreng et. al., (1996) menyatakan perasaan pelanggan merasa puas namun belum tentu puas pelanggan muncul ketika pelanggan pelanggan akan loyal (Shoemaker dan melampaui persepsi pelanggan mengenai Lewis, 1999). Oliver (1999) juga mengemukakan kinerja layanan dengan harapan pelanggan. kepuasan dan loyalitas bukan pengganti antara Oliver dan De Sarbo (1988) menyatakan satu sama lainnya. Kepuasan pelanggan kepuasan pelanggan muncul karena kondisi merupakan anteseden terhadap loyalitas psikologis yang dihasilkan oleh faktor emosi harapan (expectation} pelanggan pelanggan (Bennett dan Thiele, 2004). Kepuasan pelanggan ditentukan dibandingkan dengan pengalaman pelanggan oleh konfirmasi atau diskonfirmasi positif, dan sebelumnya perception}. Zeithaml et al., ketidakpuasan pelanggan ditentukan oleh (1996) mengemukakan kepuasan pelanggan diskonfirmasi negatif terhadap ekspektasi merupakan perbandingan antara yang (Day, 1984; Oliver, 1980). Di awal tahun diharapkan (expectation} pelanggan dengan 1980an, kepuasan pelanggan pun menjadi persepsi kinerja (perceivedperformance} semakin populer dan terus dieksplorasi dalam perusahaan. berbagai literatur pemasaran; kepuasan Tjiptono (2005) mengemukakan bahwa pelanggan (ekspektasi dan paradigma kepuasan pelanggan adalah tanggapan diskonfirmasi), kualitas layanan, kesamaan emosional pada evaluasi terhadap pengalaman antara kepuasan pelanggan dan kualitas konsumsi suatu produk atau jasa. layanan, kegembiraan, kekecewaan, loyalitas Ketika konsumen membeli suatu produk, pelanggan, dan keputusan untuk beralih maka ia memiliki harapan tentang bagaimana merupakan bahasan populer dalam berbagai produk tersebut berfungsi (product performance). Produk akan berfungsi sebagai berikut : literatur mengenai kepuasan pelanggan. Oliver (1977) menyatakan paradigma a. Produk berfungsi lebih baik dari yang ekspektasi dan diskonfirmasi merupakan dua diharapkan, inilah yang disebut sebagai proses kognitif yang ada dalam kepuasan diskonfirmasi positif (positive pelanggan, karena pelanggan membentuk disconfirmation). Jika ini terjadi, maka harapan yang menjadi acuan untuk menilai konsumen akan merasa puas. kinerja layanan perusahaan, sedangkan b. Produk berfungsi seperti yang diharapkan, diskonfirmasi positif (kinerja melampaui inilah yang disebut sebagai konfirmasi ekspektasi) dan diskonfirmasi negatif (kinerja sederhana (simple confirmation). Produk lebih rendah dari ekspektasi) memberikan tersebut tidak memberikan rasa puas, dan Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Ke- 4 77 Asosiasi Program Pascasarjana Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah (APPPTM) ISBN: 978-602-19568-1-6 produk tersebut pun tidak mengecewakan rekreasi di luar domisili untuk melepaskan diri konsumen. Konsumen akan memiliki dari pekerjaan rutin atau mencari suasana lain perasaan netral. (Weber, et al., (2006: 1). Menurut Wahab c. Produk berfungsi lebih buruk dari yang (2003 : 3), kepariwisataan dapat dipandang diharapkan, inilah yang disebut
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