Summer 1988 CU-Boulder Catalog
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Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico
Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico William H. Romme, M. Lisa Floyd, David Hanna with contributions by Elisabeth J. Bartlett, Michele Crist, Dan Green, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, J. Page Lindsey, Kevin McGarigal, & Jeffery S.Redders Produced by the Colorado Forest Restoration Institute at Colorado State University, and Region 2 of the U.S. Forest Service May 12, 2009 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY … p 5 AUTHORS’ AFFILIATIONS … p 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS … p 16 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Objectives and Organization of This Report … p 17 B. Overview of Physical Geography and Vegetation … p 19 C. Climate Variability in Space and Time … p 21 1. Geographic Patterns in Climate 2. Long-Term Variability in Climate D. Reference Conditions: Concept and Application … p 25 1. Historical Range of Variability (HRV) Concept 2. The Reference Period for this Analysis 3. Human Residents and Influences during the Reference Period E. Overview of Integrated Ecosystem Management … p 30 F. Literature Cited … p 34 CHAPTER II. PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS A. Vegetation Structure and Composition … p 39 B. Reference Conditions … p 40 1. Reference Period Fire Regimes 2. Other agents of disturbance 3. Pre-1870 stand structures C. Legacies of Euro-American Settlement and Current Conditions … p 67 1. Logging (“High-Grading”) in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 2. Excessive Livestock Grazing in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 3. Fire Exclusion Since the Late 1800s 4. Interactions: Logging, Grazing, Fire, Climate, and the Forests of Today D. Summary … p 83 E. Literature Cited … p 84 CHAPTER III. -
Colorado Fourteeners Checklist
Colorado Fourteeners Checklist Rank Mountain Peak Mountain Range Elevation Date Climbed 1 Mount Elbert Sawatch Range 14,440 ft 2 Mount Massive Sawatch Range 14,428 ft 3 Mount Harvard Sawatch Range 14,421 ft 4 Blanca Peak Sangre de Cristo Range 14,351 ft 5 La Plata Peak Sawatch Range 14,343 ft 6 Uncompahgre Peak San Juan Mountains 14,321 ft 7 Crestone Peak Sangre de Cristo Range 14,300 ft 8 Mount Lincoln Mosquito Range 14,293 ft 9 Castle Peak Elk Mountains 14,279 ft 10 Grays Peak Front Range 14,278 ft 11 Mount Antero Sawatch Range 14,276 ft 12 Torreys Peak Front Range 14,275 ft 13 Quandary Peak Mosquito Range 14,271 ft 14 Mount Evans Front Range 14,271 ft 15 Longs Peak Front Range 14,259 ft 16 Mount Wilson San Miguel Mountains 14,252 ft 17 Mount Shavano Sawatch Range 14,231 ft 18 Mount Princeton Sawatch Range 14,204 ft 19 Mount Belford Sawatch Range 14,203 ft 20 Crestone Needle Sangre de Cristo Range 14,203 ft 21 Mount Yale Sawatch Range 14,200 ft 22 Mount Bross Mosquito Range 14,178 ft 23 Kit Carson Mountain Sangre de Cristo Range 14,171 ft 24 Maroon Peak Elk Mountains 14,163 ft 25 Tabeguache Peak Sawatch Range 14,162 ft 26 Mount Oxford Collegiate Peaks 14,160 ft 27 Mount Sneffels Sneffels Range 14,158 ft 28 Mount Democrat Mosquito Range 14,155 ft 29 Capitol Peak Elk Mountains 14,137 ft 30 Pikes Peak Front Range 14,115 ft 31 Snowmass Mountain Elk Mountains 14,099 ft 32 Windom Peak Needle Mountains 14,093 ft 33 Mount Eolus San Juan Mountains 14,090 ft 34 Challenger Point Sangre de Cristo Range 14,087 ft 35 Mount Columbia Sawatch Range -
Curriculum Vitae
Curriculum Vitae KIRSTEN (KRIS) CHRISTENSEN 1420 Kingsbury Ct, Golden, CO 80401 | 303-929-6901 | [email protected] EDUCATION University of Colorado Denver 2012 Masters of Urban Planning (MURP) Focus: Urban History, Urban Studies University of Colorado Denver 1998 Masters of Social Science (MSS) Focus: Urban and Regional History, Historic Preservation (Graduate Project, Colorado’s Most Endangered Places – establishment of program) University of Colorado Denver 1996 Bachelors of Science, Music Management (BS) Studio Production, Artist Management TEACHING EXPERIENCE Lecturer Fall 2010-Present University of Colorado Denver, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences Courses: Introduction to Urban Studies, Rural Studies, Human Geography Geography of Colorado, World Regional Geography, Populations and Environment Developed course lecture materials, syllabus, exams, instructor of record Liaison – CU Succeed, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences Feb 2012 - Present Graduate Part-time Instructor Spring 2010 University of Colorado Boulder College of Architecture and Planning Course: Introduction to Historic Preservation Developed course, syllabus, lecture materials, exams, instructor of record Teaching Assistant Fall 2008 – Fall 2009 University of Colorado Boulder College of Architecture and Planning Courses: History of Architecture I and II Graded exams and papers, advised students Graduate Part-time Instructor Fall 2004 - Fall 2006 University of Colorado Boulder College -
Climate on the Blanca Massif, Sangre De Cristo Mountains, Colorado, USA, During the Last Glacial Maximum
quaternary Article Climate on the Blanca Massif, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Colorado, USA, during the Last Glacial Maximum Keith A. Brugger 1,* , Eric M. Leonard 2, Kurt A. Refsnider 3 and Peter Dolan 4 1 Geology Discipline, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267, USA 2 Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA; [email protected] 3 101 W Goodwin St #3849, Prescott, AZ 86302, USA; [email protected] 4 Statistics and Computer Science Disciplines, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Temperature-index modeling is used to determine the magnitude of temperature de- pression on the Blanca Massif, Colorado, required to maintain steady-state mass balances of nine reconstructed glaciers at their extent during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The mean temperature depression thus determined is ~8.6 +0.7/−0.9 ◦C where the uncertainties account for those inherent in the glacier reconstructions, in model parameters (e.g., melt factors), and possible modest changes in LGM precipitation. Associated equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) exhibit a statistically significant directional dependency being lower toward the north and east. Under the assumption that regional temperature change was uniform, required changes in precipitation vary systematically—also exhibit- ing a directional dependency coinciding with that in ELAs—and indicate increases (over modern) occurred on the eastern side of the massif while decreases occurred on the western side. This disparity represents a strengthening of a precipitation asymmetry, particularly winter precipitation, which Citation: Brugger, K.A.; Leonard, E.M.; Refsnider, K.A.; Dolan, P. -
Pikes Peak 1911 1923 2 William F. Ervin (#1 & #2 Tie) Pikes Peak 1911 1923 3 Albert Ellingwood 4 Mary Cronin Longs Peak 1921 9 1934 5 Carl Melzer 1937 6 Robert B
EVERYONE WHO HAS COMPLETED THE COLORADO FOURTEENERS (By Year of Completion) 1 Carl Blaurock (#1 & #2 tie) Pikes Peak 1911 1923 2 William F. Ervin (#1 & #2 tie) Pikes Peak 1911 1923 3 Albert Ellingwood 4 Mary Cronin Longs Peak 1921 9 1934 5 Carl Melzer 1937 6 Robert B. Melzer 1937 7 Elwyn Arps Eolus, Mt. 1920 7 1938 8 Joe Merhar Pyramid Peak 8 1938 9 O. P. Settles Longs Peak 1927 7 1939 10 Harry Standley Elbert, Mt. 1923 9 1939 11 Whitney M. Borland Pikes Peak 6 1941 12 Vera DeVries Longs Peak 1936 Kit Carson Peak 8 1941 13 Robert M. Ormes Pikes Peak Capitol Peak 8 1941 14 Jack Graham 9 1941 15 John Ambler 9 1943 16 Paul Gorham Pikes Peak 1926 8 1944 17 Ruth Gorham Grays Peak 1933 8 1944 18 Henry Buchtel Longs Peak 1946 19 Herb Hollister Longs Peak 1927 7 1947 20 Roy Murchison Longs Peak 1908 8 1947 21 Evelyn Runnette Longs Peak 1931 Uncompahgre Peak 9 1947 22 Marian Rymer Longs Peak 1926 Crestones 9 1948 23 Charles Rymer Longs Peak 1927 Crestones 9 1948 24 Nancy E. Nones (Perkins) Quandary 1937 Eolus, Mt. 9 1948 25 John Spradley Longs Peak 1943 7 1949 26 Eliot Moses Longs Peak 1921 7 1949 27 Elizabeth S. Cowles Lincoln, Mt. 9 1932 Wetterhorn Peak 9 1949 28 Dorothy Swartz Crestones 8 1950 29 Robert Swartz Bross, Mt. 1941 Crestones 8 1950 30 Ted Cooper Longs Peak 8 1950 31 Stirling Cooper Longs Peak 8 1950 32 Harold Brewer Longs Peak 1937 El Diente 9 1950 33 Wilbur F. -
The Geologic Story of Colorado's Sangre De Cristo Range
The Geologic Story of Colorado’s Sangre de Cristo Range Circular 1349 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover shows a landscape carved by glaciers. Front cover, Crestone Peak on left and the three summits of Kit Carson Mountain on right. Back cover, Humboldt Peak on left and Crestone Needle on right. Photograph by the author looking south from Mt. Adams. The Geologic Story of Colorado’s Sangre de Cristo Range By David A. Lindsey A description of the rocks and landscapes of the Sangre de Cristo Range and the forces that formed them. Circular 1349 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010 This and other USGS information products are available at http://store.usgs.gov/ U.S. Geological Survey Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 To learn about the USGS and its information products visit http://www.usgs.gov/ 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Lindsey, D.A., 2010, The geologic story of Colorado’s Sangre de Cristo Range: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1349, 14 p. iii Contents The Oldest Rocks ...........................................................................................................................................1 -
CWC.I the Physical and Chemical Properties of Water Are Unique and Constant
CO Academic Standards - Progression by SWEAP Critical Water Concept (All connections) CWC.I The physical and chemical properties of water are unique and constant. Grade Subject GLE Code Grade Level Expectation (GLE) Example Water-based Objective (NGSS connection ) Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the The sub-atomic structural model and interactions between structure of water and its hydrogen bonds with other substances at the High electric charges at the atomic scale can be used to explain bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles by School Science SC.HS.1.1 the structure and interactions of matter. using melting point, boiling point and surface tension. (HS-PS1-3) Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when mixing bodies of water at different temperatures results in a more uniform energy distribution (e.g. cold Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be mountain glacier runoff meets a reservoir on the front range that is High transported from one place to another and transferred warmer or the change in air temperature near a body of water). (HS- School Science SC.HS.1.7 between systems. PS3-4) Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when mixing bodies of water at different temperatures results in a more uniform energy distribution (e.g. cold mountain glacier runoff meets a reservoir on the front range that is High Although energy cannot be destroyed, it can be converted warmer or the change in air temperature near a body of water). -
Crestone Peak … and a Self Rescue!
Crestone Peak … and a Self Rescue! Exposure: Summit Elev.: 14,294 feet Trailhead Elev.: 9,900 feet Elevation Gain: 5,700 feet starting at upper 4wd trailhead 3850 feet starting at S. Colony Lake camp Roundtrip: 14 miles starting at upper 4wd TH (9,900) 5 miles from S. Colony Lake camp Climbers: Rick Crandall, Rick Peckham 8/15/2015 Crestone Peak, or “The Peak” as known among many climbers, is one of the “double-black diamond” 14ers for climbers. It is located in the Sangre de Cristo range near to the town of Crestone. It and its companion fourteener, Crestone Needle were the last of all the fourteeners to be scaled back in the 1920’s. This remote and rugged mountain was once thought impossible to climb. The name comes from the famous “crete du coq” (cocks comb) on the Italian side of the Matterhorn which was anglicized to Crestone. (From Fourteen Thousand Feet, by John L. Jerome Hart, June, 1925) The easiest route is not the shortest or most direct. 800 feet of elevation must be lost and regained over Broken Hand Pass, which is a 1500’ climb from the South Colony Lake, and then another 2,000 feet must be climbed up the sustained Red Couloir to the summit approach. All climbing is rated at least Class 3. Considerable climbing experience is recommended before attempting this formidable mountain. Crestone Peak – a magnificent mountain. We had plenty of warnings about this mountain, including from Mountain Rescue as you see in the unfolding story. “Crestone Peak is one of the more dangerous fourteener climbs in Colorado; accidents occur often in the Crestones, some caused by falls and others by lightning (a daily summer occurrence in the Sangre de Cristos).” From Summit Post: Adding to the difficulty of the climb is getting there. -
Gradhandbook2019-2020.Pdf
Academic Year 2019-2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Geography at the University of Denver 2 Facilities and Resources 2 Faculty and Staff 3 Degree Programs 5 List of Courses 7 Degree Program Requirements 8 PhD Program in Geography 8 MA Program in Geography 15 MS in Geographic Information Science 20 MS in Geographic Information Science-online 26 Policies, Standards, and Expectations 32 Financial Aid 33 Guidelines for Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs) 34 Frequently Used Forms 35 Advisor Acceptance Form 36 Evaluation of Teaching for Graduate Teaching Assistants 37 Flow Chart for Proposals 39 Flow Chart for Theses, Projects, and Dissertations 40 PhD Degree Progress Summary Form 41 MA Degree Progress Summary Form 43 MS Degree Progress Summary Form- on campus 45 MS Degree Progress Summary Form- online 46 Fall Quarter Schedule 47 Winter Quarter Schedule 49 Spring Quarter Schedule 51 INTRODUCTION WELCOME TO DU’s DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY & THE ENVIRONMENT! The department faculty applauds your desire and commitment to furthering your knowledge and expertise in the field of Geography. We infer that your past studies or professional experiences have demonstrated the value of this pursuit. We share your enthusiasm. The graduate program of the Department of Geography and the Environment at the University of Denver includes a relatively small number of carefully chosen students. We admit only those whom we believe can successfully complete the program and whose interests are similar to our own. Consequently, you will find yourself surrounded by intelligent and motivated colleagues. You will develop friendships among the students and faculty alike that will last a lifetime. -
Geographic Names
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES ? REVISED TO JANUARY, 1911 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 PREPARED FOR USE IN THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE BY THE UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY, 1911 ) CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. The following list of geographic names includes all decisions on spelling rendered by the United States Geographic Board to and including December 7, 1910. Adopted forms are shown by bold-face type, rejected forms by italic, and revisions of previous decisions by an asterisk (*). Aalplaus ; see Alplaus. Acoma; township, McLeod County, Minn. Abagadasset; point, Kennebec River, Saga- (Not Aconia.) dahoc County, Me. (Not Abagadusset. AQores ; see Azores. Abatan; river, southwest part of Bohol, Acquasco; see Aquaseo. discharging into Maribojoc Bay. (Not Acquia; see Aquia. Abalan nor Abalon.) Acworth; railroad station and town, Cobb Aberjona; river, IVIiddlesex County, Mass. County, Ga. (Not Ackworth.) (Not Abbajona.) Adam; island, Chesapeake Bay, Dorchester Abino; point, in Canada, near east end of County, Md. (Not Adam's nor Adams.) Lake Erie. (Not Abineau nor Albino.) Adams; creek, Chatham County, Ga. (Not Aboite; railroad station, Allen County, Adams's.) Ind. (Not Aboit.) Adams; township. Warren County, Ind. AJjoo-shehr ; see Bushire. (Not J. Q. Adams.) Abookeer; AhouJcir; see Abukir. Adam's Creek; see Cunningham. Ahou Hamad; see Abu Hamed. Adams Fall; ledge in New Haven Harbor, Fall.) Abram ; creek in Grant and Mineral Coun- Conn. (Not Adam's ties, W. Va. (Not Abraham.) Adel; see Somali. Abram; see Shimmo. Adelina; town, Calvert County, Md. (Not Abruad ; see Riad. Adalina.) Absaroka; range of mountains in and near Aderhold; ferry over Chattahoochee River, Yellowstone National Park. -
THE COLORADO MAGAZINE Published Quarterly by T H E State Historical Society of Color Ado
THE COLORADO MAGAZINE Published Quarterly by T h e State Historical Society of Color ado Vol. XXXll Denver, Colorado, Ju ly, 19 55 Number 3 James M. Bagley ( 183 7-1910 ) The First Artist, Wood Engraver and Cartoonist in Denver Present-day engranrs who make half-tones and zinc etchings by modern methods give little thought to the arduous task invoh·ed in executing cuts on ''ood. a technique which was introduced into Denver seyenty-five years ago by James l\!I. Bagley, who owned and operated the first plant of this kind in the city, producing wood engravings and cartoons, which "·ere used in the early news papers.1 Bagley was born in l\Iaine on July 19, 1837; lived in Virginia until 1852; moved to St. Louis; and later, to Alton, Illinois. In 1859, the year of the gold rush to Colorado,2 Bagley began his career as a wood engraver with Frank Leslie in 1\ey,· York City, where he remained until 1862. He enlisted as a Private in the 173rd Infantry of the l\ew York Yolunteers, serving in the Civil vVar, and gaining promotions to 2nd Lieutenant, 1st Lieutenant, and Captain. The rank of BreYet :l\fajor was a"·arded him after the close of tbe war by Governor Fenton of New York. Ile was wounded several times in battle, which impaired his health to such an extent that he became an invalid the rest of his life. After leaving the Army in 1865, Bagley opened a shop in St. Louis for designing and executing wood engravings.3 * Dr. -
Annotated Resource Set (ARS)
Annotated Resource Set (ARS) Phase I 1.Title / Content Area: Zebulon Pike and Pikes Peak 2. Developed by: CH/TPS Colorado 3. Grade Level: Elementary 4. Essential Question: What part has Pikes Peak played in the history, geography and literature of Colorado. 5. Contextual Zebulon Montgomery Pike first wrote about the mountain peak he saw in the distance Paragraph in November 1806. At that time he believed that the peak was too rugged and high to be climbed by any human being. Less than 50 years later, Pikes Peak had become a major tourist attraction – a distinction that continues today. The resources in this set are to be used singly or in a combination of groups to enable students to use primary and secondary sources to better understand the effect this landform has had in the growth and development of Colorado. Teaching with Primary Sources - Annotated Resource Set 1 6. Resource Set The brave brigadier A map of the Internal Zebulon Pike: Explorer Station & observation - Summit of Pike's Peak Boss Rubber Co. general Zebulon M. Pike, Provinces of New Spain. summit of Pikes Peak who gloriously fell in his Colorado Virtual Library countrys [sic] cause April 27th 1813 / J. Kennedy s. Print shows Zebulon M. Created / Published [S.l.], The information found in between 1865 and 1880 Summit of Pikes Peak "Boss Rubber Co." tire Pike, head-and-shoulders 1807. the “Colorado’s Early (elevation 14,110 feet), station with News-Times portrait, facing right, Contributor: Z.M. Pike Beginnings” section of Colorado, reached via press car during one of wearing military uniform.