Mudumalai Tiger Reserve

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Mudumalai Tiger Reserve April 23, 2021 About Mudumalai tiger reserve The Mudumalai National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary, also a declared tiger reserve, lies on the northwestern side of the Nilgiri Hills (Blue Mountains), in Nilgiri District, about 150 kilometres north-west of Coimbatore city in Tamil Nadu. Mudumalai Tiger Reserve is situated in Tamil Nadu’s Nilgiris District, at the crossroads of three states: Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. It is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India’s first, which includes Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala, Bandipur National Park in Karnataka, Mukurthi National Park, and Silent Valley in the south. The protected area is home to several endangered and vulnerable species including Indian elephant, Bengal tiger, gaur and Indian leopard. There are at least 266 species of birds in the sanctuary, including critically endangered Indian white- rumped vulture and long-billed vulture. The Western Ghats Nilgiri Sub-Cluster of 6,000 square kilometres including all of Mudumalai National Park, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site. The Moyar river flows downstream into the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve and is the natural line of division between Mudumalai and Bandipur Sanctuary. The Reserve has tall grasses referred to as “Elephant Grass”, timber species like Teak, Rosewood. Flora The Reserve is home to tall grasses known as “Elephant Grass.” Giant bamboo, as well as important timber species such as Teak, Rosewood, and others There are many native flora species. Fauna Tiger and Asian Elephant are the two flagship species. Other animals include the Indian Gaur, Spotted Deer, Common Langur, Malabar Giant Squirrel, Wild Dog, and Jungle Cat. Birds More than 260 different bird species can be found in the reserve. Mudumalai is home to 8% of all bird species found in India. Rare birds such as the Malabar grey hornbill, Malabar pied hornbill, and Malabar laughing thrush are included..

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Great Hornbill Buceros Bicornis, Wreathed Hornbill Aceros Undulatus and Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros Albirostris
Bird Conservation International (2004) 14:S39–S52. BirdLife International 2004 doi:10.1017/S0959270905000213 Printed in the United Kingdom Nest-site selection and nesting success of three hornbill species in Arunachal Pradesh, north-east India: Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis, Wreathed Hornbill Aceros undulatus and Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris APARAJITA DATTA and G. S. RAWAT Summary Nest-site selection by the sympatric Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis, Wreathed Hornbill Aceros undulatus and Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris was investigated in a lowland tropical forest in Arunachal Pradesh, north-east India during 1997–2000. Infor- mation on two nests of Rufous-necked Hornbill Aceros nipalensis in higher-elevation forests is also presented. All species nested in live trees of three tree genera, 83% (n = 36) in Tetrameles nudiflora, an emergent deciduous softwood, relatively common in lowland foothill forests. No difference was recorded in nest-tree species or nesting habitats of sympatric hornbills, but there were a few differences in structural characteristics of nest- trees. Cavity size was the main variable separating the three species. Great Hornbills used larger cavities while Oriental Pied Hornbills used smaller cavities closer to riverine areas. Nesting was attempted at 64% of known sites and successful fledging of chicks was 80% overall (n = 72 nests, pooled over 4 years). Nest-trees in disturbed habitats near human habitation were used but were often abandoned or unsuccessful and 50% of all nest-trees were inactive by the end of the study. Potential large nest-trees had a density of 5.9/ha, that of the two most used species was 1.3/ha, and minimum nest densities of all three species was about 1 pair/km2.
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