Keeping the Peace and Protecting Our Heritage
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CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CRM VOLUME 24 NO. 3 2001 Keeping the Peace and Protecting our Heritage Cultural Resource Management in the Department of Defense U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service Cultural Resources PUBLISHED BY THE VOLUME 24 NO. 3 2001 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Contents ISSN 1068-4999 Information for parks, federal agencies, Indian tribes, states, local governments, Keeping the Peace and and the private sector that promotes and maintains high standards for pre serving and managing cultural resources Protecting Our Heritage ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR Cultural Resource Management CULTURAL RESOURCE STEWARDSHIP AND PARTNERSHIPS in the Department of Defense Katherine H. Stevenson EDITOR Seeking Innovative Solutions to Rock Art Sites at Marine Air Ground Ronald M. Greenberg Managing Cultural Resources in the Task Force Training Command 21 Department of Defense 3 Marie G. Cottrell, Uyen K. Doan, ASSOCIATE EDITOR L. Peter Boice and Rhys M. Evans Janice C. McCoy GUEST EDITORS The Department of Defense Legacy Preservation and Partnerships—Sacred L. Peter Boice Resource Management Program 5 Places on Army Lands in Hawaii 24 Paula A Massouh Paula A. Massouh Laurie J. Lucking ADVISORS Integrated Cultural Resources From Sacred Sites to Stealth Bombers— David Andrews Editor, NPS Management Plan Electronic Toolbox . .7 Bridging Cross-Cultural Boundaries . .26 Joan Bacharach Suzanne Keith Loechl and Vicki S. Best, Gregory A. Fasano, Curator, NPS Lucy Whalley and Richard W Arnold Randall J. Biallas Historical Architect, NPS John A. Bums Using GIS and the Web on Eglin AFB . .9 Military Aircraft Hangars—Footprints Architect, NPS Newell Wright, Vista Stewart, through a Century of Flight 29 Harry A. Butowsky Historian, NPS Tegan Swain, and Lynn Shreve Julie L. Webster and Pratt Cassity Gordon L. Cohen Executive Director, Stewards of the Past—Archeological National Alienee of Preservatbn Commissbns Collections and the DoD 11 Repatriation of Human Remains Muriel Crespi Cultural Anthropologist, NPS Eugene A. Marino and at Marine Corps Base Hawaii 32 Mary Cullen Michael K. Trimble June Noelani Cleghorn Director, Historical Services Branch Parks Canada Fort Hood, Texas—CRM in the Recovery of the Confederate Mark Edwards Historic Preservation and Cultural Resource Group Manager Home of the Army's Largest Submarine H.L. Hunley 35 URS Greiner Woodward Ctyde Federal Services Fighting Machines 13 David L. Conlin Roger E. Kelly Archeologst, NPS Cheryl L, Huckerby Antoinette J. Lee New Frontiers, New Soldiers of Historian, NPS NAGPRA Issues at Camp Pendleton . .17 Preservation—The Presidio of Stan Berryman San Francisco under Civilian Control. .38 ASSISTANT Denise M. Mayo Sannie Kenton Osborn and CRM at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin 19 Robert Wallace Andrew R. Sewell, Stephen C. Wagner, Ryan J. Howell, Resource Management in the An electronic version of this Wendell P. Greek, and Department of Defense—Defending issue of CRM can be accessed Karyn L. Caldwell America's Heritage 42 through the CRM homepage at David G. Anderson <http://www.cr.nps.gov/crm>. Cover: top left, Redstone Test Stand, a National Historic Landmark, at Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Alabama, photo courtesy U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command; top right, spectacular pictorial records of prehistoric life and activity, Coso Rock Art National Historic Landmark, Naval Air Weapons Design and Imaging Station, China Lake, California, photo courtesy Naval Air Weapons Station, China Lake; bottom left, McCoy Publishing Services pioneer cabin site on the grounds of the Air Force Academy, c. 1871, on the National Register of jan@mccoypublish .com Historic Places, photo by Doug Ripley; bottom right, Spanish Colonial Revival style building, San Diego Marine Recruit Depot Historic District, photo courtesy San Diego Marine Corps Depot. Statements of fact and views are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect an opinion or endorsement on the part of the editors, the CRM advisors and consultants, or the National Park Service. Send articles and correspondence to the Editor, CRM, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, NW, Suite 350NC, Washington, DC 20240 (U.S. Postal Service) or 800 North Capitol St, NW, Suite 350, Washington, DC 20002 (Federal Express); ph. 202-343-3411, fax 202-343-5260; email: <[email protected]>, to subscribe and to make inquiries; <[email protected]> to submit articles. 2 CRM No 3—2001 L. Peter Boice Seeking Innovative Solutions to Managing Cultural Resources in the Department of Defense he Department of Defense reminders and symbols of people, events, and (DoD) manages a wide range of ideas that shaped our nation's character. They also unique cultural resources on its are important because of their support of military 25 million acres of public lands. mission goals, their contributions to military his IncludeTd are buildings, structures, sites, and tory and tradition, and their enhancement of objects associated with the historical growth and quality of life for the residents, employees, and development of the U.S. military, as well as many visitors to DoD installations. other elements of American history and prehistory. These facts notwithstanding, cultural Cultural resources under DoD management resource management (CRM) is not a core ele include the impressive architecture of our mili ment of DoD's primary mission of national tary service academies and other historic military defense. It is difficult to fund CRM requirements installations; Native American rock carvings and that are not strictly driven by legal compliance archeological sites; pioneer cemeteries, structures, issues. And CRM usually lies "below the radar and sites; sites and buildings associated with such screen" with respect to its visibility to senior major recent efforts as nuclear weapons develop DoD officials. Consequently, DoD has been ment and the space program; historic aircraft and working to develop new solutions for CRM in ships; and documents, photographs, and other the Department. objects associated with our nation's military his Identifying New Technologies for CRM tory. These cultural resources are tangible A major recent initiative, jointly sponsored by the DoD Legacy Resource Management Brochure cover, Program (Legacy) and the Strategic courtesy Office Environmental Research and Development of the Secretary Program (SERDP), was a CRM workshop held of Defense. at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland, in June 2000. The workshop's goals were to define the state-of-the-art in CRM science and technol ogy, define DoD's future CRM needs, and iden tify potential technologies to reduce costs and improve efficiencies. (The proceedings from this workshop are available at <http://www.demx. osd.mil>.) The Legacy and SERDP programs currently are evaluating the workshop's many rec ommendations to determine which offer the best short- and long-term opportunities. One way that new technologies may help is by reducing the amount of field sampling through a better integration of techniques, such as predictive modeling, remote sensing, and geo physical prospecting. Equally important is to assess how well previous predictive techniques have worked. CRM No 3—2001 3 New Tools for CRM lar management flexibility (see Marino and DoD's new Integrated Cultural Resources Trimble, p. 11). For example, this seven-year Management Plan (ICRMP) Toolbox is discussed study of almost 250 DoD collections identified elsewhere in this issue (see Loechl and Whalley, many collections with substantial percentages of p. 7). Another recently completed project is the soil samples, and others with large amounts of Center of Expertise for the Preservation of fire-cracked rock. Because it is unlikely that these Historic Structures and Buildings, U.S. Army items have any significant scientific research Corps of Engineers, Seattle District's study, The value, it may be possible to delete these items Cost of Maintaining Historic Military Family from our long-term curation inventory. Housing. This report looks at the current condi Summary tions of historic military family housing, and the DoD continues to be a leader in federal factors affecting their maintenance costs. The CRM. The cultural resources under DoD control report identifies improved management and are significant national assets. Wise stewardship operations procedures for both historic and non- of these resources is DoD's moral and legal oblig historic housing. ation. New technologies, tools, policies and pro New communications tools are also needed. cedures will help maintain DoD's ability to man For example, Legacy-SERDP workshop partici age these resources for future generations. pants suggested a need for new tools to facilitate stakeholder involvement in Native American References consultations. Documents such as Cultural Anderson, Lara, Karolyn Kinsey, Marc Kodack, Eugene Resources in the Department of Defense and A. Marino, Jennifer Riordan, Barbara Smoyer, and Kelly H. Wissehr. An Archaeological Curation-Needs DoD-specific training courses may help facilitate Assessment of Military Installations in Select Eastern communications throughout the Department. United States. Technical Report No. 23. Mandatory New Policies and Procedures for CRM Center of Expertise for the Curation and A potentially contentious issue surrounds Management of Archaeological Collections, U.S. the questions "what should we preserve?" and Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District, 2000. "how should we preserve it?"