Architecture Over the Ages

• The following presentation is a collection of photos, diagrams, and information describing different styles of European architecture.

Different styles of Architecture

• Gothic Revival • Renaissance Revival • French Provincial • Greek Revival • Italianate Octagon • Romanesque Revival • VictorianA • Shingle • Art Nouveau • Sullivanesque • Colonial Revival • Federal • Richardsonian Romanesque • Tudor Revival

http://www.realtor.org/rmomag.NSF/pages/archindex?OpenDocument Gothic Architecture

• Original Gothic architecture originated in Europe, primarily in France in the early 12th century. • Typically, Gothic structures are extremely large, usually cathedrals and other buildings of great magnitude. • Construction of these mega­structures took an immense amount of time to complete. Huge vaulted ceilings, and extreme attention to detail is obvious in most all Gothic structures. Gothic in the U.S. • 1830­1860. Steeply pitched gable roofs, usually with steep cross. Pointed arches, usually compound arch over double doors, especially in churches. Stained glass is very common, particularly with large structures. • This style became popular in the U.S. around 1830. • English born Richard Upjohn is considered one of the greatest Gothic architects. His works include Trinity Church(above left) in New York City, and St. Paul’s Cathedral(above right) in Buffalo. • Other famous architects of this style include Andrew Jackson Downing, and Calvert Vaux.

Gothic Architecture History Potos of Gothic Structures

Greek Architecture

• It is difficult to view “Greek Architecture” as a whole, because there has been evidence of buildings built by greeks dating back to the stone age. However, if one were discussing Greek architecture today, COLUMNS is what would come to mind. • Because the Greeks were very religiously dominated, they built massive structures for their Gods. One of the largest, the Parthenon, was built for Athena, the Goddess of wisdom. • Greek architecture is considered to be Ionic, and Doric in style. • Greek architecture is typically very symmetrical, and simple in design. However looking close, there is beautiful engravings and detail in much of their work, especially the later structures. In the U.S. Greek architecture became very popular in the U.S. around 1810­1850. Found in nearly every region of the country, Greek architecture truly became the first national style. • Greek Architecture Photos of Greek Architecture The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples. Its capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves.

The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain. This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily. The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant. Its capital is decorated with a scroll­like design (a volute). This style was found in eastern Greece and the islands. Renaissance Architecture

Architecture in the Renaissance Architecture Renaissance HIstory • Early 14th century , until around 1600. • Basilica di Santai Maria del Fiore is a Large cathedral, famous from the Renaissance. • During construction of churches, designs were based on circles instead of crosses. Architects believed that circles were a representation of the perfection of God. • The wealthy built houses based upon Roman style. Four symmetrical sides would surround a courtyard, using columns and arches. • A pilgrimage to Rome to study the ancient buildings and ruins, especially the Colosseum and Pantheon, was considered essential to an architect's training. • Architects trained as Humanists tried to create architecture as artists instead of only a skilled laborer. They tried to focus on emotion and reason when designing a building. • A few important people dealing with architecture during the Renaissance were Filippo Brunelleschi, Leon Battista Alberti, and Andrea Palladio. Florence Cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore, called the Duomo), dome, 1420–36, by Filippo Brunelleschi (1377–1436) • The first royal "Castle of the Louvre" on this site was founded by Phillip II in 1190 as a fortress to defend Paris on its west against viking attakcs. Learn more… How has Architecture Change?

Architecture Timeline French Architecture

Architecture Changing